Bibliotheca Polyglotta

佛典漢語語法

Lexical comparanda

Grammar of Buddhist Chinese

遍 biàn

遍 biàn:

pref: 遍知 aparijānann (義);

當 dāng

當 dāng: bear, accept, undertake; just; one should CTP

grdv: 當發露 āviṣkartavyā (義); 當説 vaktavyā (真)(玄);
fut: 我當說 pravakṣyāmi (真); pravakṣyāmi 我當說者 (玄); 當説 upapādayiṣyāmaḥ (真); 當辯 upapādayiṣyāmaḥ(玄);

復 fù

復 fù:

indec: 復 punar (義); 若復苾芻 yaḥ punar bhikṣur (義);

今 jīn

今 jīn:

indec: 今 tatra (義); 今 etad (義);

共 gòng

共 gòng:

pref: 共住 saṃvāsaṃ bhogaṃ (義)；

故 gù

故 gù: 故 ancient, old; reason, because CTP

inst: 默然故 tūṣṇīṃbhāvena (義);
abl: 是故 tasmāt (義); 默然故 yasmāt tūṣṇīm (義); 續故 santateḥ (真,玄);
ger: 故心 saṃcintya (義);

何 hé

何 hé:

abl: 何以故。義不相(26)應故 arthāyogāt (真);

和 hé

和 hé:

pref: 和攝 saṃgraha (真)

令 lìng

令 lìng: command, order; 'commandant', magistrate; allow, cause CTP

caus: 勸令更食 khādanīyabhojanīyenātyarthaṃ pravārayet (義)

乃至 nǎi zhì

乃至 nǎi zhì:

indec: 乃至三問 yāvat trir apy (義); 乃至共傍生 antatas tiryagyonigatayāpi sārdhaṃ

如 rú

如 rú:

indec: 如 yathāpi (義); 如…亦如是; 如前後亦如是 yathā pūrvaṃ tathā paścāt(義);
如是 evam (義);

若 ruò (see also 若…者)

若 ruò (see also 若…者): if, supposing, assuming; similar CTP

rel. pron: 若復苾芻與諸苾芻同得學處。不捨學處。學羸不自説作不淨行。兩交會法。乃至共傍生。此苾芻亦得波羅市迦不應共住 yaḥ punar bhikṣur bhikṣūṇāṃ śikṣāsājīvasamāpannaḥ śikṣām apratyākhyāya śikṣādaurbalyam anāviṣkṛtyābrahmacaryaṃ maithunaṃ dharmaṃ pratisevate antatas tiryagyonigatayāpi sārdhaṃ, ayam api bhikṣuḥ pārājiko bhavaty asaṃvāsyaḥ (義);若復苾芻。若在聚落。若空閑處。他不與物以盜心取。如是盜時。若王若大臣。若捉若殺。若縛驅擯。若呵責言。咄男子。汝是賊癡無所知。作如是盜。如是盜者。此苾芻亦得波羅市迦不應共住。yaḥ punar bhikṣur grāmagatam araṇyagataṃ vā pareṣāṃ adattaṃ steyasaṃkh[yātam ādadī]ta yadrūpeṇādattādānena rājā vainaṃ gṛhītvā rājamātro vā hanyād vā saṃbadhnīyād vā pravāsayed vā evaṃ cainaṃ vadet* -- tvaṃ bhoḥ puruṣa cauro ’si bālo ’si mūḍho ’si steyo ’sīty evaṃrūpaṃ bhikṣur adattaṃ ādadānaḥ ayam api bhikṣuḥ pārājayiko bhavaty asaṃvāsyaḥ (義);
indec: 若在欲界初靜慮中有尋有伺 anyatra vitarkavicārābhyāṃ kāmadhātau prathame ca dhyāne savitarkāḥ savicārāḥ (玄); 若人在此身中 atha yatra kāye sthitaś (真);
pres.part.pass: 若於五陰中説三無爲 skandheṣūcyamānaṃ (真);

若…若 ruò...ruò

若…若 ruò...ruò:

conj: 若王若大臣。若捉若殺。若縛驅擯 rājā vainaṃ gṛhītvā rājamātro vā hanyād vā saṃbadhnīyād vā pravāsayed vā(義);

若…者 ruò…zhě (see also 若)

若…者 ruò…zhě (see also 若):

cond: 若僧伽時至聽者 sacet (義);
rel.pron: 若有犯者 yasya syāt āpattiḥ (義); 若造諸罪者 yena (護);若苾芻憶知有犯不發露者 yaḥ (義);
indec: 如夫妻者 yathāpi tāṃ yuvā yuvatiṃ (義);
opt: 若過受者 tata uttari pratigṛhṇīyuḥ (義);

隨 suí

隨 suí: follow, listen to, submit; to accompany; subsequently, then CTP

inst: 隨自心念 cintānumataiś cittasaṃkalpair (義);
pref:隨從 tasyānuvṛtti (義); pref: 隨煩惱 upakleśaḥ (玄);

是 shì

是 shì: indeed, yes, right; to be; demonstrative pronoun, this, that CTP

indec: 是中 atra (義);
dem.pron: 是故 tasmāt (義);

屬 shǔ

屬 shǔ: class, category, type; to belong to CTP

gen: 煩惱則無屬 kleśā na kasyacit (什); 所屬 kasyacit (什);

所 suǒ

所 suǒ: place, location; numerary adjunct CTP

perf.part.pass: 十染所逼迫 daśasaṃkleśapīḍitaḥ (玄); 慳垢所染汚 saṃkliṣṭāḥ (玄); 癡暗法所覆 tamaskandhena onaddhā (玄); 蘊蓋所蔽障 āvṛtanīvatanīvaraṇebhiḥ (玄); 謂所餘諸色 pariśiṣṭaṃ rūpāyatanam (真); 謂所餘色 pariśiṣṭaṃ rūpāyatanam (玄); 所住 sthita (玄);
rel.pron.: yat tad āryā ācakṣate upekṣakaḥ 眾聖所說 (玄); 所謂菩薩成就神通智業圓滿 yad abhijñājñānakarmaṇaḥ paripūriḥ (玄); rel: 何者諸法是所簡擇為令他簡擇彼法佛世尊說阿毘達磨 katame punas te dharmā yeṣāṃ pravicayārtham abhidharmopadeśa ity āha (真)(玄);

爲 wéi

爲 wéi: do, handle, govern, act; be CTP

inst: 世爲三火燒 tribhir agnibhir dahyati lokaṃ (玄); āvṛtanīvatanīvaraṇebhiḥ 乃爲諸障所障覆(玄);

爲 wèi

爲 wèi: do, handle, govern, act; be CTP

dat: 爲摧憍慢幢 mānadhvajapātanatāyai (玄);

已 yǐ

已 yǐ: already; finished; stop CTP

ger: 行諸惡業已 pāpaṃ karma karitvāna yena gacchanti durgatim* (玄); 受得已 pratigṛhya (義);
perf.part.pass: 已説 uddiṣṭaṃ (義);

以 yǐ

以 yǐ: by means of; thereby, therefore; consider as; in order to CTP

inst: 以餘言說 anekaparyāyeṇa (義); 以染纒心 avalavipariṇatena cittena (義)；

亦 yì

亦 yì:

conj: 亦應如實答 apy anuśrāvaṇaṃ bhavati (義);

異 yì

異 yì:

pref: 異熟 vipāka (玄);

因 yīn

因 yīn: cause, reason; by; because (of) CTP

dat: 何法名為彼所簡擇因此傳佛說對法耶 katame punas te dharmā yeṣāṃ pravicayārtham abhidharmopadeśa ity āha (final dativ by -artham) (玄);

應 yīng

應 yīng: should, ought to, must

opt: 應許 anujānīyāt (義);
grdv: 不應共住 asaṃvāsyaḥ (義); 應…受 pratigrahītavyāḥ(義); 應共分 saṃvibhaktavyā (義);

由 yóu

由 yóu: cause, reason; from CTP

inst: 由眼見色 cakṣuṣā rūpāṇi paśyati (真); 三種由身起 kāyena trividhaṃ pāpaṃ (玄);
abl: 由 yasmād (真) (玄);

於 yú

於 yú: in, at, on; interjection alas! CTP

acc: 誹謗於甚深佛所説妙法 pratikṣipanti saddharmaṃ gambhīraṃ jinabhāṣitam (玄);
loc: 於此勝苾芻衆中 bhikṣuparṣadi (義); 於欲界 kāmadhātau (真); loc. pl: 於父母師長 mātāpitṛṣu jyeṣṭheṣu (玄);
inst: 於異時 pareṇa samayena (義);
gen: (partitive) 苾芻於此隨犯一一事 yeṣāṃ bhikṣur anyatamānyatamam āpattim adhyāpatya(義);

於…中 yú zhōng

於…中 yú zhōng:

loc: 於修道中 bhāvanāmārge (玄); 於五陰中 skandheṣu (真); 於身中 asmin śarīre (真)(玄);

與 yǔ

與 yǔ: and; with; to; for; give, grant CTP

indec:不得與諸苾芻共住 na labhate bhikṣubhiḥ sārdhaṃ saṃvāsaṃ bhogaṃ vā (義); 與女人身相觸 mātṛgrāmeṇa sārdhaṃ kāyasaṃsargaṃ (義);

圓 yuán

圓 yuán:

pref.: 圓滿 paripūriḥ (玄); 圓滿清淨 pariśuddhaḥ (玄)；

在 zài

在 zài: be at, in, on; consist in, rest CTP

loc: 在處界 dhātuṣv āyataneṣu (玄); 在自地 svabhūmike (真); 在修道 bhāvanāmārge (真);
indec: 在此在彼 ihāmutreti (真);
nom.ag: 或在身或在心地 kāyikī caitasikī (真);

在…中 zài zhōng

在…中 zài zhōng:

loc: 在欲界初靜慮中 kāmadhātau prathame ca dhyāne (真); 人在此身中 yatra kāye sthitaś (真); 在色等蘊中 skandheṣu (玄);

雜 zá

雜 zá:

pref: 十雜染逼迫 daśasaṃkleśapīḍitaḥ (護);

增上 zēng shàng

增上 zēng shàng:

pref: 增上慢 abhimānāt (義)；

者 zhě

者 zhě: that which; he who; those who CTP

nom.ag: 名惡行者 pāpakāriṇaḥ (玄); 無心者 acittaka (玄);
indec: 自性者次第 svabhāvas tu yathākramaṃ (玄);

正 zhèng

正 zhèng:

pref: 正等淨 saṃprasādāc (玄); 正知 saṃprajānaḥ（玄）

之 zhī

之 zhī: it, him her, them; go to CTP

dem: 解說之 (’bhidharmakośaṃ) vaktum ādriyata iti (真); 如汝所欲。我亦許之。 yathecchasi tathā ’stu (真);
gen: 心心所法生之 cittacaittānāṃ (玄); 心之細性 cittasūkṣmatā (真); 色之自性 rūpasya svabhāva iti (玄); 栴檀之香 candanasya gandhādayaḥ (玄); 彼法及心之生等相 ye jātyādayaś cittasya ca (玄);

中 zhōng

中 zhōng: central; center, middle; in the midst of; hit (target); attain CTP

loc: 人中追求爲大苦 paryeṣṭidukhaṃ manujeṣu

諸 zhū

諸 zhū: several, various

pl: 諸法 te dharmā (真);

性 xìng

性 xìng: nature, character, sex CTP

abs: 心之細性 cittasūkṣmatā (真);

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