Vápn ok herklæði skal kenna til orrostu ok til Óðins ok valmeyja ok herkonunga, kalla hjálma hjálm, hǫtt eða fald, en brynju serk eða skyrtu, en skjǫld tjald, ok skjaldborgin er kǫlluð hǫll ok ræfr, veggr ok gólf.
Skildir eru kallaðir — ok kendir við herskip — sól eða tungl eða lauf eða blik eða garðr skipsins.
Skjǫldr er ok kallaðr skip Ullar eða kent til fóta Hrungnis er hann stóð á skildi.
Á fornum skjǫldum var títt at skrifa rǫnd þá er baugr var kallaðr, ok er við þann baug skildir kendir.
Hǫggvápn, øxar eða sverð, er kallat eldar blóðs eða benja.
Sverð heita Óðins eldar en øxar kalla menn trǫllkvinna heitum ok kenna við blóð eða benjar eða skóg eða við.
Lagvápn eru vel kend til orma eða fiska.
Skotvápn eru mjǫk kend til hagls eða drífu eða rotu.
Ǫllum þessum kenningum er marga lund breytt þvíat þat er flest ort í lofkvæðum er þessar kenningar þarf við.
XLVIII. “Weapons and armor should be periphrased in figures of battle, and with reference to Odin and the Valkyrs and host-kings: one should call a helmet Cowl, or Hood; a birnie, Sark, or Kirtle; a shield, Tent; and a shield-wall is termed Hall and Roof, Wall and Floor.
Shields, periphrased in figures of warships, are called Sun, or Moon, or Leaf, or Sheen, or Garth, of the Ship;
the shield is also called Ship of Ullr, or periphrased in terms of Hrungnir’s feet, since he stood upon his shield.
On ancient shields it (183,1) was customary to paint a circle, which was called the ‘ring,’ and shields are called in metaphors of that ring.
Hewing weapons, axes or swords, are called Fires of Blood, or of Wounds;
swords are called Odin’s Fires; but men call axes by the names of troll-women, and periphrase them in terms of blood or wounds or a forest or wood.
Thrusting weapons are properly periphrased by calling them by names of serpents or fishes.
Missile weapons are often metaphorically termed hail or sleet or storm.
Variants of all these figures have been made in many ways, for they are used chiefly in poems of praise, where there is need of such metaphors.