αὐτοὶ μὲν γάρ, ὅταν λυπῶνται·
(11) ἐφίεται γάρ τινος ὁ λυπούμενος·
ἐάν τε οὖν κατ’ εὐθυωρίαν (12) ὁτιοῦν ἀντικρούσῃ τις, οἷον τῷ διψῶντι πρὸς τὸ πιεῖν, ἐάν τε (13) μή, ὁμοίως ταὐτὸ φαίνεται ποιεῖν·
καὶ ἐάν τε ἀντιπράττῃ (14) τις ἐάν τε μὴ συμπράττῃ ἐάν τε ἄλλο τι ἐνοχλῇ οὕτως (15) ἔχοντα, πᾶσιν ὀργίζεται·
[II.2.10] διὸ κάμνοντες, πενόμενοι, <πολε(16)μοῦντες,> ἐρῶντες, διψῶντες, ὅλως ἐπιθυμοῦντες καὶ μὴ(17) (18) κατορθοῦντες ὀργίλοι εἰσὶ καὶ εὐπαρόρμητοι,
μάλιστα μὲν πρὸς (19) τοὺς τοῦ παρόντος ὀλιγωροῦντας,
οἷον κάμνων μὲν τοῖς πρὸς (20) τὴν νόσον,
πενόμενος δὲ τοῖς πρὸς τὴν πενίαν,
πολεμῶν δὲ (21) τοῖς πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον,
ἐρῶν δὲ τοῖς πρὸς τὸν ἔρωτα,
ὁμοίως (22) δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ‹εἰ δὲ μή, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ἄλλο ὀλιγωρῇ τις›·
(23) προοδοποιεῖται γὰρ ἕκαστος πρὸς τὴν ἑκάστου ὀργὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ (24) ὑπάρχοντος πάθους·
[II.2.11] ἔτι δ’ ἐὰν τἀναντία τύχῃ προσδεχόμενος·
(25) λυπεῖ γὰρ μᾶλλον τὸ πολὺ παρὰ δόξαν,
ὥσπερ καὶ τέρπει τὸ (26) πολὺ παρὰ δόξαν, ἐὰν γένηται ὃ βούλεται·
διὸ καὶ ὧραι καὶ (27) χρόνοι καὶ διαθέσεις καὶ ἡλικίαι ἐκ τούτων φανεραί, ποῖαι (28) εὐκίνητοι πρὸς ὀργὴν καὶ ποῦ καὶ πότε,
καὶ ὅτε μᾶλλον ἐν (29) τούτοις εἰσί, μᾶλλον καὶ εὐκίνητοι.
(1) The frame of mind is that of one in which any pain is being felt.
In that condition, a man is always aiming at something.
Whether, then, another man opposes him either directly in any way, as by preventing him from drinking when he is thirsty, or indirectly, the act appears to him just the same;
whether some one works against him, or fails to work with him, or otherwise vexes him while he is in this mood, he is equally angry in all these cases.
Hence people who are afflicted by sickness or poverty or love or thirst or any other unsatisfied desires are prone to anger and easily roused:
especially against those who slight their present distress.
Thus a sick man is angered by disregard of his illness,
a poor man by disregard of his poverty,
a man waging war by disregard of the war he is waging,
a lover by disregard of his love,
and so throughout, any other sort of slight being enough if special slights are wanting.
Each man is predisposed, by the emotion now controlling him, to his own particular anger.
Further, we are angered if we happen to be expecting a contrary result:
for a quite unexpected evil is specially painful,
just as the quite unexpected fulfilment of our wishes is specially pleasant.
Hence it is plain what seasons, times, conditions, and periods of life tend to stir men easily to anger, and where and when this will happen;
and it is plain that the more we are under these conditions the more easily we are stirred.