Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣat

Complete text

janako ha vaideho bahudakṣiṇena yajñeneje | tatra ha kurupañcālānāṃ brāhmaṇā abhisametā babhūvuḥ | tasya ha janakasya vaidehasya vijijñāsā babhūva -- kaḥ svid eṣāṃ brāhmaṇānām anūcānatama iti | sa ha gavāṃ sahasram avarurodha | daśadaśa pādā ekaikasyāḥ śṛṅgayor ābaddhā babhūvuḥ ||

FIRST BRÂHMANA
1. Adoration to the Highest Self (Paramâtman)!
Ganaka Vaideha (the king of the Videhas) sacrificed with a sacrifice at which many presents were offered to the priests of (the Asvamedha). Brâhmanas of the Kurus and the Pâñkâlas had come thither, and Ganaka Vaideha wished to know, which of those Brâhmanas was the best read. So he enclosed a thousand cows, and ten pâdas (of gold) were fastened to each pair of horns.

janako nāma ha kila samrāḍrājā babhūva videhānāṃ tatra bhavo vaidehaḥ | sa ca bahudakṣiṇena yajñena śākhāntaraprasiddho vā bahudakṣiṇo nāma yajño 'śvamedho vā dakṣiṇābāhulyādbahudakṣiṇa ihocyate teneje 'yajat | tatra tasminyajñe nimantritā darśanakāmā vā kurūṇāṃ deśānāṃ pañcālānāṃ ca brāhmaṇāsteṣu hi viduṣāṃ bāhulyaṃ prasiddhamabhisametā abhisaṃgatā babhūvuḥ | tatra mahāntaṃ vidvatsamudāyaṃ dṛṣṭvā tasya ha kila janakasya vaidehasya yajamānasya ko nu khalvatra brahmiṣṭha iti viśeṣeṇa jñātumicchā vijijñāsā babhūva | kathaṃ, kaḥsvitko nu khalveṣāṃ brāhmaṇānāmanūcānatamaḥ sarva ime 'nūcānāḥ kaḥsvideṣāmatiśayenānūcāna iti | sa hānūcānatamaviṣayotpannijijñāsaḥ saṃstadvijñānopāyārthaṃ gavāṃ sahasraṃ prathamavayasāmavarurodha goṣṭhe 'varodhaṃ kārayāmāsa |
kiṃviśiṣṭāstā gāvo 'varuddhā ityucyate |
palacaturthabhāgaḥ pādaḥ suvarṇasya |
daśa daśa pādā ekaikasyā goḥ śṛṅgayorābaddhā babhūvuḥ |
pañca pañca pādā ekaikasmiñśṛṅge || 1 ||

tān hovāca -- brāhmaṇā bhagavanto yo vo brahmiṣṭhaḥ sa etā gā udajatām iti | te ha brāhmaṇā na dadhṛṣuḥ | atha ha yājñavalkyaḥ svam eva brahmacāriṇam uvāca -- etāḥ saumyodaja sāmaśravā3 iti | tā hodācakāra | te ha brāhmaṇāś cukrudhuḥ: -- kathaṃ nu no brahmiṣṭho bruvīteti | atha ha janakasya vaidehasya hotāśvalo babhūva | sa hainaṃ papraccha -- tvaṃ nu khalu no yājñavalkya brahmiṣṭho 'sī3 iti | sa hovāca -- namo vayaṃ brahmiṣṭhāya kurmo gokāmā eva vayaṃ sma iti | taṃ ha tata eva praṣṭuṃ dadhre hotāśvalaḥ ||

2. And Ganaka spoke to them: 'Ye venerable Brâhmanas, he who among you is the wisest, let him drive away these cows.' Then those Brâhmanas durst not, but Yâgñavalkya said to his pupil: 'Drive them away, my dear.' He replied: 'O glory of the Sâman 3' and drove them away. The Brâhmanas became angry and said: 'How could he call himself the wisest among us?' Now there was Asvala, the Hotri priest of Ganaka Vaideha. He asked him: 'Are you indeed the wisest among us, O Yâgñavalkya?' He replied: 'I bow before the wisest (the best knower of Brahman), but I wish indeed to have these cows.' Then Asvala, the Hotri priest, undertook to question him.

gā evamavarudhya brāhmaṇāṃstānhovāca | he brāhmaṇā bhagavanta ityāmantratha yo vo yuṣmākaṃ brahmiṣṭhaḥ sarve yūyaṃ brahmāṇo 'tiśayena yuṣmākaṃ brahmā yaḥ sa etā gā udajatāmutkālayatu svagṛhaṃ prati | te ha brāhmaṇā na dadhṛṣuḥ ha kilaivamuktā brāhmaṇā brahmiṣṭhatāmātmanaḥ pratijñātuṃ na dadhṛpurna pragalbhāḥ saṃvṛttāḥ | apragalbhabhūteṣu brāhmaṇeṣvatha ha yājñavalkyaḥ svamātmīyameva brahmacāriṇamantevāsinamuvāca- etā gā he somyodajodgamayāsmadgṛhān prati, he sāmaśravaḥ- sāmavidhiṃ hi śṛṇotyator'yāccaturvedo yājñavalkyaḥ | tā gā hodācakārotkālitavānācāryagṛhaṃ prati | yājñavalkyena brahmiṣṭhapaṇasvīkaraṇena ātmano brahmiṣṭhatā pratijñātā, iti te ha cukrudhuḥ kruddhavanto brāhmaṇāḥ | teṣāṃ krodhābhiprāyamācaṣṭe- kathaṃ no 'smākaṃ ekaikapradhānānāṃ brahmiṣṭho 'smīti bruvīteti | atha haivaṃ kruddheṣu brāhmaṇeṣu janakasya yajamānasya hotā ṛtvigaśvalo nāma babhūva āsīt | sa enaṃ yājñavalkyam, brahmiṣṭhābhimānī rājāśrayatvāccadhṛṣṭaḥ, yājñavalkyaṃ papraccha pṛṣṭavān |
katham? tvaṃ nu khalu no yājñavalkya brahmiṣṭho 'sī 3 iti |
plutirbhartsanārthā |
sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ- namaskarmo vayaṃ brahmiṣṭhāya, idānīṃ gokāmāḥ smo vayamiti |
taṃ brahmiṣṭhapratijñaṃ santaṃ tata eva brahmiṣṭhapaṇasvīkaraṇāt praṣṭuṃ dadhre dhṛtavān mano hotā aśvalaḥ || 2 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yad idaṃ sarvaṃ mṛtyunāptaṃ sarvaṃ mṛtyunābhipannaṃ kena yajamāno mṛtyor āptim atimucyata iti | hotrartvijāgninā vācā | vāg vai yajñasya hotā | tad yeyaṃ vāk so 'yam agniḥ sa hotā sā muktiḥ sātimuktiḥ ||

1. 'Yâgñavalkya, he said, 'everything here (connected with the sacrifice) is reached by death, everything is overcome by death. By what means then is the sacrificer freed beyond the reach of death?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'By the Hotri priest, who is Agni (fire), who is speech. For speech is the Hotri of the sacrifice (or the sacrificer), and speech is Agni, and he is the Hotri. This constitutes freedom, and perfect freedom (from death).'

yājñavalkyeti hovāca | tatra madhukāṇḍe pāḍaktena karmaṇā darśanasaptuccitena yajamānasya mṛtyoratyayo vyākhyāta udgīthaprakaraṇe saṅkṣepataḥ | tasyaiva parīkṣāviṣayo 'yamititadgatadarśanaviśeṣārtho 'yaṃ vistara ārabhyate | yadidaṃ sādhanajātam asya karmaṇa ṛtvigagnyādi mṛtyunā karmalakṣaṇena svābhāvikāsaṅgasahitena āptaṃ jyāptam, na kevalaṃ vyāptamabhiṣannaṃ ca mṛtyunā baśīkṛtaṃ ca | kena darśanalakṣaṇena sādhanena yajamāno mṛtyorāptimati mṛtyugacaratvam atikramya mucyate svatantro mṛtyoravaśo bhavatītyarthaḥ | nanūdgītha evābhihitaṃ yenātimucyatemukhyaprāṇātmadarśaneneti | bāḍhamuktam, yo 'nukto viśeṣastatra, tadartho 'yamārambha ityadoṣaḥ | hotrartvijāgninā vācetyāha yājñavalkyaḥ | etasyārthaṃvyācaṣṭe | kaḥ punarhetā yena mṛtyumatikāmati? ityucyate-vāgvai yajñasya yajamānasya"yajño vai yajamānaḥ"iti śruteḥ | yajñasya yajamānasya yāvāksaiva hotādhiyajñe | katham? tatatrayeyaṃvanga yajñasyayajamānasya so 'yaṃ prasiddho 'gniradhidaivatam | tadetatvyannaprakaraṇevyākhyātam | sa cāgnirhetā"agnirvai hotā"iti śruteḥ | yadetad yajñasya sādhanadvayamhotā catviṅg adhiyajñam, adhyātmaṃ ca vāk etadubhayaṃ sādhanadvayaṃ paricchinnaṃ mṛtyunā āptaṃ svābhāvikājñānāsaṅgaprayuktena karmaṇā mṛtyunā pratikṣaṇamanyathātvamāpadyamānaṃ vaśīkṛtam | tad anenādhidaivatarūpeṇāgninā'dṛśyamānaṃ'yajamānasya yajñasya sṛtyoratimuktaye bhavati | tadetadāha-sa muktiḥ sa hotā agnirmuktiḥ, agnisvarūpadarśanameva muktiḥ | yadaiva sādhanadvayamagnirūpeṇa gaśyati, tadānīmeva hi svābhāvikādāsaṅgānmṛtyorvimucyate ādhyātmikāt paricchinnarūpādādhibhautikācca | tasmāt sa hotā agnirūpeṇa dṛṣṭo muktirmuktisādhanaṃ yajamānasya | sā atimuktiḥ-yaiva ca muktiḥ sātimuktiḥ, atimuktisādhanamityarthaḥ | sādhanadvayasya paricchinnasya yā adhidevatārūpeṇāparicchinnenāgnirūpeṇa dṛṣṭiḥ, sā muktiḥ | yāsau muktiradhidevatādṛṣṭiḥ saiva, adhyātmādhibhūtaparicchedaviṣayāsaṅgāspadaṃ mṛtyumatikramya adhidevatātvasyāgnibhāvasya prāptiryā phalabhūtā, sā atimuktirityucyate | tasyā atimuktermuktireva sādhanamiti kṛtvā sā atimuktirityāha | yajamānasya hyatimuktirvāgādīnāmagnyādibhāva ityudgīthaprakaraṇe vyākhyātam | tatra sāmānyena mukhyaprāṇadarśanamātraṃ muktisādhanamuktam, na tadviśeṣaḥ | vāgādīnām agnyādidarśanamiha viśeṣo varṇyate | mṛtyuprāptyatimuktistu saiva phalabhūtā, yodgīthabrāhmaṇena vyākhyātā -'mṛtyupratikrānto dīpyate'(1 | 3 | 12) ityādyā || 3 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yad idaṃ sarvam ahorātrābhyām āptaṃ sarvam ahorātrābhyām abhipannaṃ kena yajamāno 'horātrayor āptim atimucyata iti | adhvaryuṇartvijā cakṣuṣādityena | cakṣur vai yajñasyādhvaryuḥ | tad yad idaṃ cakṣuḥ so 'sāv ādityaḥ | so 'dhvaryuḥ sā muktiḥ sātimuktiḥ ||

4. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'everything here is reached by day and night, everything is overcome by day and night. By what means then is the sacrificer freed beyond the reach of day and night?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'By the Adhvaryu priest, who is the eye, who is Âditya (the sun). For the eye is the Adhvaryu of the sacrifice, and the eye is the sun, and he is the Adhvaryu. This constitutes freedom, and perfect freedom.'

yājñavalkyeti hovāca | svābhāvikādajñānāsaṅgaprayuktāt karmalakṣaṇānmṛtyoratimuktirvyākhyātā | tasya karmaṇaḥ sāsaṅgasya mṛtyorāśrayabhūtānāṃ darśapūrṇamāsādikarmasādhanānāṃ yo vipariṇāmahetuḥ kālaḥ, tasmāt kālāt pṛthagatinuṣṭhānavyatirekeṇāpi prāgūrdhvaṃ ca kriyāyāḥ sādhanavipariṇāmahetutvena vyāpāradarśanāt kālasya | tasmāt pṛthakkālādatimuktirvaktavyetyata āha- yadidaṃ sarvamahorātrābhyāmāptam, sa ca kālo dvirūpaḥ - ahorātrādilakṣaṇāḥ, tithyādilakṣaṇaśca | tatrāhorātrādilakṣaṇāttāvadatimuktimāha - ahorātrābhyāṃ hi sarvaṃ jāyate vardhate vinaśyati ca, tathā yajñasādhanaṃ ca | yajñasya yajamānasya cakṣuradhvaryuśca |
śiṣṭānyakṣarāṇi pūrvavanneyāni |
yajamānasya cakṣuradhvaryuśca sādhanadvayamadhyātmādhibhūtaparicchedaṃ hitvā adhidaivatātmanā dṛṣṭaṃ yat sa muktiḥ so 'dhvaryurādityabhāvena dṛṣṭo muktiḥ |
saiva muktirevātimuktiriti |
pūrvavat ādityātmabhāvamāpannasya hi nāhorātre sambhavataḥ || 4 ||
idānīṃ tithyādilakṣaṇādatimuktirucyate-

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yad idaṃ sarvaṃ pūrvapakṣāparapakṣābhyām āptaṃ sarvaṃ pūrvapakṣāparapakṣābhyām abhipannaṃ kena yajamānaḥ pūrvapakṣāparapakṣayor āptim atimucyata iti | udgātrartvijā vayunā prāṇena | prāṇo vai yajñasyodgātā | tad yo 'yaṃ prāṇaḥ sa vāyuḥ sa udgātā | sa muktiḥ sātimuktiḥ ||

5. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'everything here is reached by the waxing and waning of the moon, everything is overcome by the waxing and waning of the moon. By what means then is the sacrificer freed beyond the reach of the waxing and waning of the moon?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'By the Udgâtri priest, who is Vâyu (the wind), who is the breath. For the breath is the Udgâtri of the sacrifice, and the breath is the wind, and he is the Udgâtri. This constitutes freedom, and perfect freedom.'

idānīṃ tithyādilakṣaṇādatimuktirūcyate-yadidaṃ sarvam - ahorātrayoraviśiṣṭayorādityaḥ kartā, na prati padādīnāṃ tithīnām;tāsāṃ tu vṛddhikṣayopagamanenapratipatprabhṛtīnāṃ candramāḥ kartā | atastadāpācyā pūrvapakṣāparapakṣātyayaḥ, ādityāpacyā ahorātrātyayavat | tatra yajamānasya prāṇo vāyuḥ, sa evaudgātā - ityudgīthabrāhmaṇe 'vagatam'vācā ca hyeva sa prāṇena codagāyat'iti ca nirdhāritam | 'athaitasya prāṇasyāpaḥ śarīraṃ jyotīrūpamasau candraḥ'iti ca | prāṇāvāyucandramasāmekatvāccandramasā vāyunā copasaṃhāre na kaścid viśeṣaḥ | evaṃ manyamānā śrutirvāyunā adhidaivatarūpeṇopasaṃharati | api ca vāyunimittau hi vṛddhikṣayau candramasaḥ |
tena tithyādilakṣaṇasya kālasya karturapi kārayitā vāyuḥ |
ato vāyurūpāpannastithyādikālādatīto bhavatītyupapannataraṃ bhavati |
tena śrutyantare candrarūpeṇa dṛṣṭirmuktiratimuktiśca |
iha tu kāṇvānāṃ sādhanadvayasya tatkāraṇarūpeṇa vāyvātmanā dṛṣṭirmuktiratimuktiśceti na śrutyorvirodhaḥ || 5 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yad idam antarikṣam anārambaṇam iva kenākrameṇa yajamānaḥ svargaṃ lokam ākramata iti | brahmaṇartvijā manasā candreṇa | mano vai yajñasya brahmā | tad yad idaṃ manaḥ so 'sau candraḥ sa brahmā sa muktiḥ sātimuktir ity atimokṣā | atha saṃpadaḥ ||

6. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'this sky is, as it were, without an ascent (staircase.) By what approach does the sacrificer approach the Svarga world?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'By the Brahman priest, who is the mind (manas), who is the moon. For the mind is the Brahman of the sacrifice, and the mind is the moon, and he is the Brahman. This constitutes freedom, and perfect freedom. These are the complete deliverances (from death).' Next follow the achievements.

mṛtyoḥ kālādatimuktirvyākhyātā yajamānasya | so 'timucyamānaḥ kenāvaṣṭambhena paricchedaviṣayaṃ mṛtyumatotya phalaṃ prāpnotyatimucyata ityucyate | yadidaṃ prasiddhamantarikṣamākāśo 'nārambaṇamanālambanamivaśabdādastyeva tatrā'lambanaṃ tattu na jñāyata ityabhiprāyaḥ | yattu tadajñāyamānamālambanaṃ tatsarvanāmnā keneti pṛcchyate | anyathā phalaprāpterasaṃbhavāt | yenāvaṣṭambhenā'krameṇa yajamānaḥ karmaphalaṃ pratipadyamāno 'timucyate kiṃ taditi praśnaviṣaya | kenā'krameṇa yajamānaḥ svargaṃ lokamākramata iti svargaṃ lokaṃ phalaṃ prāpnotyatimucyata ityarthaḥ | brahmaṇartvijā manasā candreṇetyakṣaranyāsaḥ pūrvavat | tatrādhyātmaṃ yajñasya yajamānasya yadidaṃ prasiddhaṃ manaḥ so 'sau candro 'dhidaivatam | mano 'dhyātmaṃ candramā adhidaivatamiti hi prasiddham | sa eva candramā brahmartviktenādhibhūtaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ paricchinnaṃ rūpamadhyātmaṃ ca manasa etaddvayamaparicchinnena candramaso rūpeṇa paśyati | tena candramasā manasāvalambanena karmaphalaṃ svargaṃ lokaṃ prāpnotyatimucyata ityabhiprāyaḥ | itītyupasaṃhārāthaṃ vacanam | ityevaṃprakārā mṛtyoratimokṣāḥ | sarvāṃṇi hi darśanaprakārāṇi yajñāṅgaviṣayāṇyasminnavasara uktānīti kṛtvopasaṃhāra ityatimokṣāḥ | evaṃprakārā atimokṣā ityarthaḥ | atha saṃpadaḥ | athādhunā saṃpada ucyante | saṃpannāma kenacitsāmānyenāgnihotrādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ mahatāṃ phalavatāṃ tatphalāya saṃpādanaṃ saṃpat | phalasyaiva vā sarvotsāhena phalasādhanānuṣṭhāne prayatatāṃ kenacidvaiguṇyenāsaṃbhavaḥ |
tadidānīmāhitāgniḥ sanyatkiñcitkarmāgnihotrādīnāṃ yathāsaṃbhavamādāyā'lambanīkṛtya karmaphalavidvattāyāṃ satyāṃ yatkarmaphalakāmo bhavati tadeva saṃpādayati |
anyathā rājasūyāśvamedhapuruṣamedhasarvamedhalakṣaṇānāmadhikṛtānāṃ traivarṇikānāmapyasaṃbhavasteṣāṃ tatpāṭhaḥ svādhyāyārtha eva kevalaḥ syāt |
yadi tatphalaprāptyupāyaḥ kaścana na syāt |
tasmātteṣāṃ sepadaiva tatphalaprāptistasmātsaṃpadāmapi phalavattvamataḥ saṃpada ārabhyante || 6 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- katibhir ayam adyargbhir hotāsmin yajñe kariṣyatīti | tisṛbhir iti | katamās tās tisra iti | puronuvākyā ca yājyā ca śasyaiva tṛtīyā | kiṃ tābhir jayatīti | yat kiñcedaṃ prāṇabhṛd iti ||

7. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'how many Rik verses will the Hotri priest employ to-day at this sacrifice?' 'Three,' replied Yâgñavalkya. 'And what are these three?' 'Those which are called Puronuvâkyâ, Yâgyâ, and, thirdly, Sasyâ.' 'What does he gain by them?' 'All whatsoever has breath.'

yājñavalkyeti hovāca abhimukhīkaraṇāya | katibhirayamadyargbhirhetāsmin yajñe katibhiḥ katisaṅkhyābhirṛgbhirṛgjātibhiḥ ayaṃhotartvigasmin yajñe kariṣyati śastraṃ śaṃsati | āhetaraḥ-tisṛbhirṛgjātibhiḥ | ityukkavantaṃ pratyā hetaraḥ-katamāstāstistra iti | saṅkhyeyaviṣayo 'yaṃ praśnaḥ, pūrvastu saṅkhyāviṣayaḥ | puronuvākyāca-prāgyāgaphālād yāḥ prayujyante ṛcaḥ, sā ṛgjātiḥ puronuvākyetyucyate |
yāgārthaṃ yāḥ prayujyante ṛcaḥ, sā ṛgjātiryājyā |
śastrārthaṃ yāḥ prayujyante ṛcaḥ, sā ṛgjātiḥ śasyā |
sarvāstu yāḥ kāścana ṛcaḥ;tāḥ stotriyā vā anyā vā sarvā etāsveva tisṛṣu ṛgjātiṣvantarbhavanti |
kiṃ tābhirjayatīti yatkiñcedaṃ prāṇabhṛditi-ataścasaṅkhyāsāmānyād yatkiñcitprāṇabhṛjjātama, tat sarvaṃ jayati tat sarvaṃ phalajātaṃ sampādayati saṅkhyādisāmānyena || 7 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- katy ayam adyādhvaryur asmin yajña āhutīr hoṣyatīti | tisra iti | katamās tās tisra iti | yā hutā ujjvalanti yā hutā atinedanti yā hutā adhiśerate | kiṃ tābhir jayatīti | yā hutā ujjvalanti devalokam eva tābhir jayati | dīpyata iva hi devaloko | yā hutā atinedante pitṛlokam eva tābhir jayati | atīva hi pitṛlokaḥ | yā hutā adhiśerate manuṣyalokam eva tābhir jayatyi | adha iva hi manuṣyalokaḥ ||

8. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'how many oblations (âhuti) will the Adhvaryu priest employ to-day at this sacrifice?' 'Three,' replied Yâgñavalkya. 'And what are these three?' 'Those which, when offered, flame up; those which, when offered, make an excessive noise; and those which, when offered, sink down.' 'What does he gain by them?' 'By those which, when offered, flame up, he gains the Deva (god) world, for the Deva world flames up, as it were. By those which, when offered, make an excessive noise, he gains the Pitri (father) world, for the Pitri world is excessively (noisy). By those which, when offered, sink down, he gains the Manushya (man) world, for the Manushya world is, as it were, down below.'

yājñavalkyeti hovāveti pūrvavat | katyayamadyādhvaryurasmin yajña āhutīrheṣyatīti, katyāhutiprakārāḥ? tastra iti, katamāstāstistra iti pūrvavat | itara āha-yā hūtā ujjvalanti samidājyāhutayaḥ yā hutā atinedante 'tīva śabdaṃ kuvanti māsādyāhutayaḥ, yā hutā adhiśerate 'dhyādho gatvā bhūmeradhiśerate payaḥsomāhutayaḥ | kiṃ tābhirjayatīti, tābhirevaṃ nirvartitābhirāhutibhiḥ kiṃ jayatīti | yā āhutayo hutā ujjvalantyujjvalanayuktā āhutayo nirvartitāḥ, phalaṃ ca devalokākhyamujjvalameva, tena sāmānyena yā mayatā ujjvalantya āhutayo nirvartyamānāstā etāḥ sākṣāddevalokasya karmaphalasyarūpaṃ devalokākhyaṃ phalameva mayā nirvartyata ityevaṃ sampādayati | yā hutā atinedante āhutayaḥ pitṛlokameva tābhirjayati kutsitaśabdakartṛtvasāmānyena | pitṛlokameva tābhirjayati kutsitaśabdakartṛtvasāmānyena | pitṛlokasambaddhāyāṃ hi saṃyamanyāṃ puryāṃ vaivasvatena yātyamānānāṃ'hā hatāḥ sma muñca muñca'iti śabdobhavati | tathāvadānāhutayaḥ tena pitṛlokasāmānyāt pitṛloka eva mayā nirvartyata iti sampādayati | yā hutā adhiśerate manuṣyalokameva tāmijayati bhūmyupari sambandhasāmānyāt | adha iva hyagha eva hi manuṣyalokaḥ uparitanān sādhyāṃllokānapekṣya, athavādhogamanamapekṣya |
ato manuṣyaloka eva mayā nirvartyata iti sampādayati |
yā hutā adhiśerate manuṣyalokameva tābhijayati bhūmyupari sambandhasāmānyāt |
adha iva hyadha eva hi manuṣyalokaḥ uparitanān sādhyāṃllokānapekṣya, athavādhogamanamapekṣya |
ato manuṣyaloka eva mayā nirvartyata iti sampādayati payaḥsomāhutinirvartanakāle || 8 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- katibhir ayam adya brahmā yajñaṃ dakṣiṇato devatābhir gopāyatīti | ekayeti | katamā saiketi | mana eveti | anantaṃ vai mano 'nantā viśve devāḥ | anantam eva sa tena lokaṃ jayati ||

9. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'with how many deities does the Brahman priest on the right protect to-day this sacrifice?' 'By one,' replied Yâgñavalkya. 'And which is it?' 'The mind alone; for the mind is endless, and the Visvedevas are endless, and he thereby gains the endless world.'

yājñavalkyeti hovāceti pūrvavat | ayamṛtvigbrahmā dakṣiṇato brahmāsane sthitvā yajñaṃ gopāyati | katibhirdevatābhirgopāyatīti prāsaṅgikametadvahuvacanam | ekayā hi devatayā gopāyatyasau | evaṃ jñāte bahuvacanena praśno nopapadyate svayaṃ jānatastasmātpūrvayoḥ kaṇḍikayoḥ praśnaprativacaneṣu katibhiḥ kati tisṛbhististra iti prasaṅgaṃ dṛṣṭvehāpi bahuvacanenaiva praśnopakramaḥ kriyate | athavā prativādivyāmohārtha bahuvacanam | itara āhaikayetyekā sā devatā yayā dakṣiṇataḥ sthitvā brahmā'sane yajñaṃ gopāyati | katamā saiketi | mana eveti manaḥ sā devatā | manasā hi brahmā vyāpriyate dhyānenaiva | "tasya yajñasya manaśca vākca vartanī tayoranyatarāṃ manasā saṃskaroti brahmā"(cha.u.4 | 16 | 1) iti śrutyantarāt | tena mana eva devatā tayā manasā hi gopāyati brahmā yajñam | tacca mano vṛttibhedenānantam |
vaiśabdaḥ prasiddhāvadyotanārthaḥ |
prasiddhaṃ manasa ānantyma |
tadānantyābhimānino devāḥ,"sarve devā yatraikaṃ bhavanti"ityādiśrutyantarāt |
tenānantyasāmānyādanantameva sa tena lokaṃ jayati || 9 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- katy ayam adyodgātāsmin yajñe stotriyāḥ stoṣyatīti | tisra iti | katamās tās tisra iti | puronuvākyā ca yājyā ca śasyaiva tṛtīyā | katamās tāḥ | yā adhyātmam iti | prāṇa eva puronuvākyāpāno yājyā vyānaḥ śasyā | kiṃ tābhir jayatīti | pṛthivīlokam eva puronuvākyayā jayaty antarikṣalokaṃ yājyayā dyulokaṃ śasyayā | tato ha hotāśvala upararāma ||

10. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'how many Stotriyâ hymns will the Udgâtri priest employ to-day at this sacrifice?' 'Three,' replied Yâgñavalkya. 'And what are these three?' 'Those which are called Puronuvâkyâ, Yâgyâ, and, thirdly, Sasyâ.' 'And what are these with regard to the body (adhyâtmam)?' 'The Puronuvâkyâ is Prâna (up-breathing), the Yâgyâ the Apâna (down-breathing), the Sasyâ the Vyâna (back-breathing).' 'What does he gain by them?' 'He gains the earth by the Puronuvâkyâ, the sky by the Yâgyâ, heaven by the Sasyâ.' After that Asvala held his peace.

yājñavalkyeti hovāceti pūrvavat | kati stotriyāḥ stopyatītyayamudgātā | stotriyā nāma ṛksāmasamudāyaḥ katipayānāmṛcām | stotriyāvāśamyāvāyāḥ kāścana ṛcaḥ, tā sarvāstistra evetyāha | tāśca vyākhyātāḥ- muronuvākyā ca yājyā ca śasyaiva tṛtīyeti | tatra pūrvamuktam - yatkiñcedaṃ prāṇabhṛta sarve jayatīti tat kena sāmānyena? ityucyate - katamāstāstistra ṛco yā adhyātmaṃ bhavantīti | prāṇa eva puronuvākyā, paśabdasāmānyāt | avāno yājyā, ānantaryāt | apānena hi prattaṃ havirdevatā grasanti, yāgaśca pradānam | vyānaḥśasyā -"aprāṇannanapānannṛcamabhivyāharati"(cha. u. 1 | 3 | 4) | iti śratyantarāt | kiṃ tābhirjayatīti vyākhyātam |
tatra viśeṣasambandhasāmānyamanuktamihocyate, sarvamanyad vyākhyātam |
lokasambandhasāmānyena pṛthivīlokamevapuronuvākyayā jayati, antarikṣalokaṃ yājyayā, madhyamatvasāmānyāt |
dyulokaṃśasyayordhvatvasāmānyāt |
tato ha tasmādātmanaḥ praśnanirṇayādasau hotā aśvala upararāma nāyamasmadgecara iti || 10 ||
iti tṛtīyādhyāye prathamamaśvalabrāhmaṇam || 1 ||
ākhyāyikāsambandhaḥ prasiddha eva | mṛtyoratimuktirvyākhyātā kālalakṣaṇāt karmalakṣaṇācca | kaḥ punarasau mṛtyuryasmādatimuktirvyākhyātā? sa ca svābhāvikājñānāsaṅgāspado 'dhyātmādhibhūtāviṣayaparicchinno grahātigrahalakṣaṇo mṛtyuḥ | tasmāt paricchinnarūpānmṛtyoratimuktasya rūpāṇyaganyādityādīnyudgīthaprakaraṇe vyākhyātāni | aśvalapraśnecatadgato viśeṣaḥ kaścit | taccaitat karmaṇāṃ jñānasahitānāṃ phalam | etasmāt sādhyasādhanarūpāt saṃsārānmokṣaḥ kartavya ityatobandhanarūpasyamṛtyoḥ svarūpamucyate | baddhasya hi mokṣaḥ kartavyaḥ | yadapyatimuktasya svarūpamuktaṃ tatrāpi grahātigrahābhyāmavinirmukta eva mṛtyurūpābhyām | tathā coktaṃ"aśanāyāhimṛtyuḥ"(bṛ.u.1 | 2 | 1) "eṣa eva mṛtyuḥ"iti | ādityasthaṃ puruṣamaṅgīkṛtyāha"eko mṛtyurvahavā"iti ca | tadātmabhāvāpanno hi mṛtyorāptimatimucyata ityucyate | na ca tatra grahātigrahau mṛtyurūpau nastaḥ | "athaitasya manaso dyauḥ śarīraṃ jyotīrūpamasāvādityaḥ"(bṛ. u. 1 | 5 | 12) 'manaśva'grahaḥ sa kāmenātigrāheṇa gṛhītaḥ"(3 | 2 | 7) iti, vakṣyati"prāṇo vai grahaḥ so 'pānenātigrāheṇa"(3 | 2 | 2) iti,"vāgvai grahaḥ sa nāmnātigrāheṇa"(3 | 2 | 3) iti ca | tathā vyannavibhāge vyākhyātamasmābhiḥ | suvicāritaṃ caitad yadeva pravṛttikāraṇaṃ tadeva nivṛttikāraṇaṃ na bhavatīti | kecittu sarvameva nivṛttikāraṇaṃ manyante | ataḥ kāgṇāt pūrvasmātpūrvasmānmṛtyormucyate uttaramuttaraṃ pratipadyamāno vyāvṛttyarthameva prati padyate na tu tādarthyam, ityata ā dvaitakṣayāta sarvaṃ mṛtyuḥ, dvainakṣaye tu paramārthatā mṛtyorāptimatimucyate | ataśca āpekṣikī gauṇī muktirantarāle | sarvametad evat abārhadāraṇyakam | nanu sarvaikatvaṃ mokṣaḥ"tasmāttatsarvamabhavat"(bṛ. u. 1 | 4 | 10) iti śruteḥ | bāḍhaṃ bhavatyetadapi, natu"grāmakāmo yajeta, paśukāmo yajeta"ityādiśrutīnāṃ tādarthyam | yadi hyadvaitārthatvameva āsāṃ grāmapaśusvargādyarthatvaṃ nāstīti grāmapaśusvargādayo na gṛhyeran, gṛhyante tu karmaphalavaicitryaviśeṣāḥ | yadi ca vaidikānāṃ karmaṇāṃ tādarthyameva, saṃsāra eva nābhaviṣyat | atha tādarthye 'pi anuniṣpāditapadārthasvabhāvaḥ saṃsāra iti cet | yathā ca rūpadarśanārtha āloke sarvo 'pi tatrasthaḥ prakāśyata eva | na;pramāṇānupapatteḥ | advaitārthatve vaidikānāṃ karmaṇāṃ vidyāsahitānām anyaspānuniṣpāditatve pramāṇānupapattiḥ | na pratyakṣaṃ nānumānamata eva ca nāgamaḥ | ubhayam ekena vākyena pradarśyata iti cet kulyāpraṇayanālokādivat | tannevam;vākyadharmānupapatteḥ | na ca ekavākyagatasyārthasya pravṛttinivṛttisādhanatvamavagantuṃ śakyate | kulyāpraṇayanālokādāvarthasya pratyakṣatvādadoṣaḥ | yadapyucyate mantrā asminnartheḥ dṛṣṭā iti | ayameva tu tāvadarthaḥ pramāṇāgamyaḥ | mantrāḥ punaḥ kim asminnartha āhosvidanyasminnartha iti mṛgyametat | tasmād grahātiprahalakṣaṇo mṛtyurbandhaḥ, tasmānbhokṣo vaktavya ityata idamārabhyate na ca jānīmo viṣayasandhāvivāntarāle 'vasthānamardhajaratīyaṃ kauśalam | yattu mṛtyoratimucyata ityukatvā grahātigrahāvucyete, tacvarthasambandhāt | sarvo 'yaṃ sādhyasādhanalakṣaṇo bandhaḥ, grahātigrahāvinirmokāt | nigaḍe hi nirjñāte nigaḍitasya mokṣāya yatnaḥ kartavyo bhavati;tasmātādarthyenārambhaḥ |

Permanent link

http://www2.hf.uio.no/common/apps/permlink/permlink.php?app=polyglotta&context=ctext&uid=24a4d3e2-9200-11ee-937a-005056a97067

Choose languages

Choose images, etc.

Choose languages

Choose display