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Boethius: De Consolatione Philosophiae

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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionTitle
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPreface
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionBook I: THE SORROWS OF BOETHIUS
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionBook II: THE VANITY OF FORTUNE’S GIFTS
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionBook III: TRUE HAPPINESS AND FALSE
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionBook IV: GOOD AND ILL FORTUNE
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionBook V: FREE WILL AND GOD’S FOREKNOWLEDGE
Ip. 
2. DE INGRESSU PHILOSOPHIAE . ET EUIUS HABITU 
 
PROSE 1. Hec dum mecum tacitus ipse reputarem. 
I. Prose 
Haec dum mecum tacitus ipse reputarem querimoniamque lacrimabilem stili officio signarem, adstitisse mihi supra verticem uisa est mulier reuerendi admodum vultus, oculis ardentibus et ultra communem hominum valentiam perspicacibus colore vivido atque inexhausti vigoris, quamvis ita aevi plena foret ut nullo modo nostrae crederetur aetatis, statura discretionis ambiguae. 1   Nam nunc quidem ad communem sese hominum mensuram cohibebat, nunc uero pulsare caelum summi verticis cacumine videbatur; quae cum altius caput extulisset, ipsum etiam caelum penetrabat respicientiumque hominum frustrabatur intuitum. 
Haec dum mecum tacitus reputarem ipse. Únz íh tíz suîgendo in mînemo mûote áhtôta. Et signarem lacrimabilem querimoniamque officio stili. Únde íh sús âmerlicha chlá scréib mít temo gríffele. Uisa est mulier astitisse mihi supra uerticem. Uuâr sáh íh . éin uuîb stân óbe mír. Reuerendi admodum vultus. Êr-uuírdigero tâte hárto. Ardentibus oculis. Mít érnestlichên óugôn. Et perspicacibus . ultra communem valentiam hominum. Únde dúrnóhtôr séhentên . tánne îoman ménniskôn séhen múge. Ióh profunda dei gesíhet philosophia. Colore uiuido. Mít iúnglichero uáreuuo. Sî neáltêt nîeht. Atque inexhausti vigoris. Únde mícheles mágenes . únde úngebróstenes . quia pertingit a fine usque ad finem fortiter. Quamuis ita plena esset ȩui. Tóh si sô ált uuâre. Ut nullo modo crederetur nostrȩ ȩtatis. Táz síh nîoman íro negelóubti . uuésen ébenált. Uuánda sî uuás îo. Statura discretionis ambiguȩ. In íro geuuáhste zuîueligero mícheli. Í nemáhta uuízen . uuîo míchel si uuâre.  Nam nunc quidem cohibebat sese ad communem mensuram hominum. Uuánda éina uuîla . kezúhta si síh hára ze únsermo méze . uuánda si uuîlôn humana áhtôt. nunc uero uidebatur pulsare cȩlum . cacumine summi uerticis. Ándera uuîla tûohta si mír den hímel rûoren . mít óbenáhtigemo hóubete . uuánda si astronomiam uuéiz. Quae cum altius | extulisset caput, etiam ipsum cȩlum penetrabat. Sô si daz hóubet hóho ûf-erbúreta . sô úberslûog iz ten hímel . táz tûot sî diuina scrutando. Et frustrabatur intuitum respicientium. Únde sô tróug si déro sîa ána-uuártentôn óugen.  
En dementiers que je, tesibles, recordoie ces chosez a moi meismes et senefiaie ma plorable complainte par office de greffe, je vi sus mon chief ester une fame de moult redoutable voult. Yeux avoit ardans et regardables oultre la commune puissance des hommes ; vive couleur ot et vigueur que nulz ne pot oncques espuisier, ja soit ce que elle fust plaine de si grant aage que on ne creait en nule maniere que ele fust de notre temps. L’estature de li estoit de douteus jugement,  car elle s’apetiçoit aucune fois jusques a la commune mesure des hommes et aucune fois sembloit que elle hurtast le ciel par la longuesce de sa tres haute teste ; et quant elle levoit plus haut son chief, elle perçoit neis le ciel meismes et decevoit la veue des hommes regardans. 
Whyle that I stille recordede thise thinges with my-self, and markede my weeply compleynte with office of pointel, I saw, stondinge aboven the heighte of myn heved, a woman of ful greet reverence by semblaunt, hir eyen brenninge and cleer-seinge over the comune might of men; with a lyfly colour, and with swich vigour and strengthe that it ne mighte nat ben empted; al were it so that she was ful of so greet age, that men ne wolde nat trowen, in no manere, that she were of oure elde. The stature of hir was of a doutous Iugement;  for som-tyme she constreinede and shronk hir-selven lyk to the comune mesure of men, and sum-tyme it semede that she touchede the hevene with the heighte of hir heved; and whan she heef hir heved hyer, she percede the selve hevene, so that the sighte of men looking was in ydel. 
While of al this alone in silence I bethought me, and tearesful complaint in stiles office ment, ouer my hed to stand a woman did apeare of stately face, with flaming yees, of insight aboue the comun worth of men; of fresche coulor and unwon strenght, thogh yet so old she wer, that of our age she seamed not be one; her stature suche as skarse could be desernd.  For sume while she skanted her to the comen stature of men, strait she semed with croune of hed the heauens to strike, and lifting vp the samehiar, the heauens them selues she enterd begiling the sight of lookars on. 
Vestes erant tenuissimis filis subtili artificio, indissolubili materia perfectae quas, uti post eadem prodente cognovi, suis manibus ipsa texuerat.  Quarum speciem, veluti fumosas imagines solet, caligo quaedam neglectae vetustatis obduxerat.  Harum in extrema margine Π Graecum, in supremo vero Θ, legebatur intextum.  Atque inter utrasque litteras in scalarum modum gradus quidam insigniti videbantur quibus ab inferiore ad superius elementum esset ascensus.  Eandem tamen vestem violentorum quorundam sciderant manus et particulas quas quisque potuit abstulerant.  Et dextera quidem eius libellos, sceptrum vero sinistra gestabat. 
3. DE AMICTU EIUS.
Vestes erant perfectȩ tenuissimis filis . subtili artificio . indissolubili materia. Íro uuât uuás chléine . únde uuáhe . únde féstes kezíuges. Tíu uuât íst tíure . târ díu dríu ána sínt. Íro uuât . táz sínt artes liberales. Táz sî chléine íst . táz máchont argumenta . táz sî uuáhe íst . táz máchont figurȩ dianoeos únde lexeos. Táz sî uéste sínt . táz máchôt tiu uuârheit. Sô uuâren sumptis uuâríu inlatio fólgêt . sô nemág tára-uuídere nîoman nîht ketûon. Fóne díu íst îo in uuârhéite fésti. Quas ipsa texuerat manibus suis . uti post cognovi eadem prodente. Tîa uuât sî íro sélbíu uuórhta . sô íh áfter dés fóne íro uernam. 
Uuánnân máhtîn dîe artes chómen . âne uóne dei sapientia? Quarum speciem obduxerat . quaedam neglectȩ uetustatis caligo . veluti solet fumosas imagines. Íro bílde uuâren fóre álti uersáleuuet . sám-so rúcchegíu gemâle. Uel sic. Áltíu sûmhéit hábeta uertúnchelet íro uuáhi. Uuánda sô die artes nîoman neûbet . sô uuírt iro geâgezôt.  Harum in extrema margine legebatur intextvm π graecum. Ze níderôst án dero uuâte . stûont kescríben taz chrîechiska p. Táz pezéichenet practicam uitam . táz chît actiuam. In superiore uero legebatur θ. Ze óberôst stûoNT theta. Tíu bezéichenet theoreticam uitam . dáz chît contemplatiuam.  Atque inter utrasque literas uidebantur insigniti quidam gradus in modum scalarum. Únde únderzuískên pûohstáben . stûonden sámo-so léiter-sprózen gezéichenet . álde stégôn stûofâ. Quibus esset ascensus . ab inferiore ad superius elementum. Áfter dîen man stîgen máhti . fóne demo níderen pûohstábe ze demo óberen. Uuánda sancti únde sapientes . fárent fóne actiua vita . ad contemplatiuam.  Eandem tamen uestem . sciderant quorundam uiolentorum manus. Tîa sélbûn uuât hábetôn ferbrochen súmliche nôt-nûnftara. Et abstulerant particulas quas quisque poterat. Únde uuâren sie ána-uuért mít íro stúcchen . díu îogelicher besuérben máhta. Uuánda epicurei únde stoici . únde achademici stríten . únde téiltôn síh in mísseliche sectas.  Et gestabat quidem dextra libellos . sinistra vero sceptrum. Án dero zéseuuûn trûog si bûoh . târ liberales artes ána uuâren . án dero uuínsterûn sceptrum . uuánda si chúningen íst. Sî chád . per me reges regnant . et thronus meus in columna nubis. 
Ses robes estoient de tres deliéz filz et de soutille ourvaingne, de matiere pardurable parfetes, les queles ele avoit tissues de ses mains, si comme je cognu aprés par li meismes demonstrant et recognoissant ;  la biauté des queles une occurté de ancienneté despite avoit occurcie, si comme elle seult occurcir les images enfumees.  Ou derrenier oule de ces robes et ou plus bas lisoit l’en tissue une letre grezesche, tele Π qui senefioit la vie active, et pardesus ou plus haut oule une autre letre, tele Θ qui senefioit la vie contemplative.  Et entre ces deuz letres estoient veus illeuc unz degrés fais a maniere de eschieles par lesquiex l’en peust monter de la plus basse letre a la plus haute.  Et toutevois les mains d’aucunes gens avoient tranchié cele robe par force et par violence, et en avoient porté chascuns tele partie comme il pot.  Elle portoit en sa main destre livres et en la senestre un ceptre. 
Hir clothes weren maked of right delye thredes and subtil crafte, of perdurable matere; the whiche clothes she hadde woven with hir owene hondes, as I knew wel after by hir-self, declaringe and shewinge to me the beautee;  the whiche clothes a derknesse of a forleten and dispysed elde hadde dusked and derked, as it is wont to derken bi-smokede images.  In the nethereste hem or bordure of thise clothes men redden, y-woven in, a Grekissh P, that signifyeth the lyf Actif ; and aboven that lettre, in the heyeste bordure, a Grekissh T, that signifyeth the lyf Contemplatif And bi-twixen these two lettres ther weren seyn degrees, nobly y-wroght in manere of laddres; by whiche degrees men mighten climben fro the nethereste lettre to the uppereste.  Natheles, handes of some men hadde corven that cloth by violence and by strengthe; and everiche man of hem hadde born awey swiche peces as he mighte geten.  And forsothe, this forseide woman bar smale bokes in hir right hand, and in hir left hand she bar a ceptre. 
Her wides thé wer of smalist thrides, pafaict for fine workmanship and lasting substance, as, after by her selfe I knewe, was by her handes al wroght.  Whose forme, as to smoky imagis is wont, a certain dimnis of dispisid antiquitie ouerwhelmed.  Of thes wides in the loweste skirtz Π, in the vpper side a Θ, was reade, al woven.  And betwine bothe lettars, ladarwise, certain steps wer marked, by whiche from the lowest to hiest element ascent ther was.  Yet that selfe garment the handz of violent men had torne, and pices suche as get thé could, away tha stole.  Her right hand held a booke, the left a sceptar. 
Quae ubi poeticas Musas vidit nostro adsistentes toro fletibusque meis verba dictantes, commota paulisper ac torvis inflammata luminibus:  “Quis,” inquit, “has scenicas meretriculas ad hunc aegrum permisit accedere quae dolores eius non modo nullis remediis foverent, verum dulcibus insuper alerent venenis?  Hae sunt enim quae infructuosis affectuum spinis uberem fructibus rationis segetem necant hominumque mentes assuefaciunt morbo, non liberant.  At si quem profanum, uti vulgo solitum vobis, blanditiae vestrae detraherent, minus moleste ferendum putarem; nihil quippe in eo nostrae operae laederentur.  Hunc vero Eleaticis atque Academicis studiis innutritum? 2   Sed abite potius Sirenes usque in exitium dulces meisque eum Musis curandum sanandumque relinquite.”3   His ille chorus increpitus deiecit humi maestior vultum confessusque rubore verecundiam limen tristis excessit.  At ego cuius acies lacrimis mersa caligaret nec dinoscere possem, quaenam haec esset mulier tam imperiosae auctoritatis, obstipui visuque in terram defixo quidnam deinceps esset actura, exspectare tacitus coepi.  Tum illa propius accedens in extrema lectuli mei parte consedit meumque intuens vultum luctu gravem atque in humum maerore deiectum his versibus de nostrae mentis perturbatione conquesta est. 
4. DE EXPULTIONE BLANDIENTIUM MUSARUM.
Quȩ ubi poeticas musas . assistentes nostro thoro. Sô sî gesáh fóre mînemo bétte stân . tîe mêter-uuúrchûn. Et dictantes meis verba fletibus. Únde mír trâne récchende . mít íro uuórten. Commota paulisper. Sâr dés éin lúzzel zórneg uuórteníu. Ac toruis inflammata luminibus. Ióh trôlicho séhentíu. 
Inquit. Frâgeta si. Quis permisit has skenicas . i. theatrales meretriculas accedere ad hunc ȩgrum? Uuér lîez hára/ín ze dísemo sîechen . tíse geuuéneten hûorâ ze theatro? In fornicibus theatri . uuúrten meretrices prostratȩ . dánnân íst fornicatio gehéizen. Álso dîe den mán íro lenociniis árgerotôn . sô tâten óuh tíse mít íro âmerên uuórten. Fóne díu héizet er sîe meretrices. Álde skenicas meretriculas . héizet er skenicas musas . álso comediȩ uuâren . únde tragȩdiȩ . dîe óuh mánne scádatôn . uuánda comediȩ ráchtôn ímo risum . tragȩdiȩ luctvm. Quȩ non modo nullis remediis fouerent . dolores eius . uerum insuper alerent dulcibus uenenis. Tîe ímo sîn sêr nîeht éin nehéilent . núbe ióh mêrônt . mít sûozemo éitere íro uuórto.  Hȩ sunt enim quȩ necaNT | infructuosis spinis affectuum . uberem segetem fructibus rationis. Tíz sínt tîe dén uuôcher únde dén ézisg tero rationis ertémfent . mít tîen dórnen uuíllônnes. Táz chît mít íro uuíllechôsônne . ergézzent sie mán sînero rationis. Hominumque mentes assuefaciunt morbo . non liberant. Únde ménniskôn mûot stôzent sin ín dia súht . sîe nelôsent siu nîeht.  At si quem profanum detraherent blanditiȩ vestrȩ, uti uulgo solitum uobis. Áber infûortînt ir mír éinen uréiden . mít íuuermo zárte . sô ir díccho tûont. Minus moleste ferendum putarem. Táz neuuâge mír sô nîeht. Nihil quippe lȩderentur in eo operȩ nostrȩ. Án démo neinfûore mìr nîeht mînero árbéito.  Hunc uero innutritum eleaticis studiis . atque achademicis . non patior mihi subtrahi. Áber dísen chrîechiskero méisterskéfte . únde achademiskero dúrhlêrten.  Sed abite potius sirenes . usque in exitium dulces. Rûment sirenes . lústsáme únz án dia uerlórnísseda. Sirenes sínt mére-tîer . fóne déro sánge intslâfent tie uérigen . et patiuntur naufragium. Et relinquite eum curandum sanandumque meis musis. Únde lâzent míh ímo sîn mûot néren . únde héilen . mít mînên carminibus.  His ille chorus increpitus . deiecit humi mestior uultum. Tô snífta níder dáz sús erstóuta gezuâhte. Confessusque rubore uerecundiam . tristis limen excessit. Únde uóre scámôn irrôtende . gelîez iz síh.  At ego cuius acies caligarat . mersa lacrimis . nec dinoscere possim . quȩnam hȩc mulier tam imperiosȩ auctoritatis . obstipui. Áber íh erchám míh tô dés . uuér dáz uuîb uuâre sô geuuáltîgo uárentíu . íh nemáhta sia bechénnen . uuánda mír daz óuga tímbereta . fóllez trâno. Uisuque in terram defixo. Únde íh fúre míh níder-séhende. Quid deinceps esset actura . exspectare tacitus coepi. Pegónda íh suîgendo chîesen . uuáz sî dára-nâh tûon uuólti.  Tum illa propius accedens . consedit in extrema parte lectuli mei. Tô hítemon náhôr gânde . gesáz si ze énderôst mînes péttes. Et intuens meum uultum grauem luctv. Únde ána-séhende mîn ánalútte . trâglichez fóne uuûofte. Atque deiectum in humum merore. Únde fóne trûregi níder-gehángtez. His uersibus conquesta est . de perturbatione nostrȩ mentis. Chlágeta si síh mít tísên uérsen . mînes únmûotes. 
Et quant elle vit les Muses des poetes estans entour notre lit et dictanz paroles a mes pleurs, elle en fu un petit esmeue et enfamblee de cruelz eulz et dist :  « Qui a lessié aprochier a ce malade ces communes putereles abandonnees au peuple qui tant seulement ne li assouageront pas ses douleurs par quelques remedez, mais enseurquetout les li norriront de doulz veninz ?  Car ce sont celles qui par painturez de entalentemenz qui ne sont profitables ne fructueuses ocient le blé planteureuz des fruiz de raison et tiennent les pensees des hommes en coustume et ne les delivrent pas de maladie.  Mais se vos blandices me fortreissent aucun homme rude et non profitable, si comme l’en le seult communement trouver ou peuple, je cuidasse que je le deusse souffrir mainz dolereusement ; ne ce n’est pas merveille, car nos ententes ne fussent de riens blecees en celui.  Mais vous me toléz cestui qui a esté norris es estudes eleatiques et academianz.  Mais alés vous en anceiz, vous qui estes Sereines douces jusque a destruction, et le me laisséz a curer et a guerir avec mes sciences. »  Cele compaignie des Muses, blasmee par ces chosez dites, geta plus courrouciee son voult a terre et monstranz sa vergoigne par roigeur passa triste le sueil de l’uis et ala hors.  Mais je, de cui la veue plungiee en lermes estoit occurcie, ne ne peusse pas cognoistre qui fust ceste fame de si emperiable auctorité, m’esbahi et, mon regart en terre geté, commençai tesibles a atendre que elle feroit des ore en avant.  Lors vint elle plus pres et se sist en la derreniere partie de mon lit et regardanz mon voult pesant et grief de pleur et par pleur en terre degeté, s’est complainte par ces vers de la perturbacion de notre pensee. 
And whan she say thise poetical Muses aprochen aboute my bed, and endytinge wordes to my wepinges, she was a litel amoved, and glowede with cruel eyen.  ‘Who,’ quod she, ‘hath suffred aprochen to this syke man thise comune strompetes of swich a place that men clepen the theatre? The whiche nat only ne asswagen nat hise sorwes with none remedies, but they wolden feden and norisshen hem with swete venim.  Forsothe, thise ben tho that with thornes and prikkinges of talents or affecciouns, whiche that ne ben no-thing fructefyinge nor profitable, destroyen the corn plentevous of fruites of resoun; for they holden the hertes of men in usage, but they ne delivere nat folk fro maladye.  But if ye Muses hadden withdrawen fro me, with your flateryes, any uncunninge and unprofitable man, as men ben wont to finde comunly amonges the people, I wolde wene suffre the lasse grevously; for-why, in swiche an unprofitable man, myn ententes ne weren no-thing endamaged.  But ye withdrawen me this man, that hath be norisshed in the studies or scoles of Eleaticis and of Achademicis in Grece But goth now rather awey, ye mermaidenes, whiche that ben swete til it be at the laste, and suffreth this man to be cured and heled by myne Muses,’ that is to seyn, by noteful sciences.  And thus this companye of Muses y-blamed casten wrothly the chere dounward to the erthe ; and, shewinge by reednesse hir shame, they passeden sorowfully the threshfold.  And I, of whom the sighte, plounged in teres, was derked so that I ne mighte not knowen what that womman was, of so imperial auctoritee, I wex al abaisshed and astoned, and caste my sighte doun to the erthe, and bigan stille for to abyde what she wolde don afterward.  Tho com she ner, and sette hir doun up-on the uttereste corner of my bed; and she, biholdinge my chere, that was cast to the erthe, hevy and grevous of wepinge, compleinede, with thise wordes that I shal seyen, the perturbacioun of my thought. 
Who, whan she spied poetz musis standing by my bed and to my teares inditing wordes, somewhat moued inflamed with gloting yees:  “Who suffered,” quoth she, “thes stagis harlotz aproche this sik man? wiche not only wold not ease his sorow with no remedies,  but with baren affections thornes destroies the ful eares of reasons fruitt, and mens mynds with disease invries, not fries.  But if of vane man, as vulgar wontz, your alurements had deprived me, with les grefe had I borne hit. For by suche our worke had got no harme.  But this man haue you touched, whom Stoike and Academique study broght out.  Get you away, Sirenes swite; til ende be seen, to my musis leve him for cure and helthe.”  To this the checked rabel, with looke downe cast with wo, with blusche confessing shame, doleful out of doores thé went.  But I, whose sisght, drowned in tears, was dimed, could not knowe what she was, so imperius rule, and setteling my yees on ground, what she wold more do, in silence, I attended.  Than she, drawing nar, on my bedsfite sat doune, and, vewing my looke of hevy woe and with my dole to the erthe throwne downe, in versis thes of my mynds pane complaineth thus. 
 
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