You are here: BP HOME > Vasubandhu: Abhidharmakośabhāṣya > fulltext
Vasubandhu: Abhidharmakośabhāṣya

Choose languages

Choose images, etc.

Choose languages
Choose display
  • Enable images
  • Enable footnotes
    • Show all footnotes
    • Minimize footnotes
Search-help
Choose specific texts..
    Click to Expand/Collapse Option Complete text
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionTitle
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPreface
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter I: Dhātunirdeśa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter II: Indriyanirdeśa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter III: Lokanirdeśa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter IV: Karmanirdeśa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter V: Anuśayanirdeśa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter VI: Mārgapudgalanirdeśa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter VII: Jñānanirdeśa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter VIII: Samāpattinirdeśa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter IX: Conclusions
sarve cet saṃvṛtā ekadeśakāryādayaḥ katham | 
偈曰。一切若有護。一處等(14)云何。 
頌曰(12)若皆具律儀 何言一分等
(13)謂約能持説 
 
yadi sarva evopāsakā upāsakasaṃvarasthāḥ kathaṃ bhagavatā ekadeśakārī pradeśakārī yadbhūyaḥkārī pūripūrṇakārī copāsaka uktaḥ | 
釋曰。若一切優婆塞。皆住優婆塞護。(15)云何佛婆伽婆。説四種優婆塞。一持一處。二(16)持少處。三持多處。四持具處。 
(14)論曰。若諸近事皆具律儀。何縁世尊言有(15)四種。一能學一分。二能學少分。三能學多(16)分。四能學滿分。 
 
tatpālanāt kila proktāḥ 
偈曰。能持故(17)説爾。 
See the full verse quoted previously 
 
yo hi yacchikṣāpadaṃ pālayati sa tatkārīty uktaḥ | sarve tu samaṃ saṃvarasthāḥ |  idam utsūtraṃ vartate | kim atrotsūtram |  upāsakatvābhyupagamādeva saṃvaralābho yasmāt prāṇatipātamityāheti |  na hy evaṃ sūtrapāṭhaḥ ukto yathā mahānāmasūtre pāṭhaḥ |  tatraiva copāsakalakṣaṇopadeśo nānyatra |  yatra tveṣa pāṭho “yāvajjīvaṃ prāṇāpetaṃ śaraṇagatamabhiprasannam” iti |  tatra te dṛṣṭasatyā “avetyaprasādānvayaṃ prāṇair api saddharmopagamanaṃ darśayanti sma |  jīvitaheto rapyabhavyā vayamenaṃ dharmaṃ parityaktum” iti |  na tveṣa lakṣaṇopadeśaḥ saṃvarasya |  prāṇāpetaṃ tu na kvacit paṭhyate |  kaś caitad aparisphuṭārthaṃ paṭhet |  ekadeśakāryādīṃs tu khaṇḍitaśikṣānadhikṛtya praśna eva na yujyate |  kuto visarjanamāveṇikadharmāṇām |  ko hy apāsakasaṃvaraṃ jānan etanna jñāsyate yo hi yacchikṣāpadaṃ na khaṇḍayati sa tatkārī bhavatīti |  upāsakasaṃvarasya tu parimāṇānabhijñāṃstanmātraśikṣākṣamān pratyeṣa praśno yujyate |  “kiyatā bhadantopāsaka ekadeśakārī bhavati yāvat paripūrṇakārī bhavati |”  yadi tarhi vinā saṃvareṇopāsakaḥ syād vikalena vā bhikṣuśrāmaṇerāv api syāt ām |  kathaṃ tāvad eṣām upāsakasaṃvarādīnām aṅgapratiniyamo bhavati |  śāstṛprajñaptivaśāt |  upāsakatvād ipratiniyamo ’pi śāstṛprajñaptivaśādiṣyatām |  vināpi hi saṃvareṇopāsakaḥ prajñaptito na tu bhikṣuśrāmaṇerāviti te tvetannecchanti kāśmīrāḥ |  sarveṣāṃ tu saṃvarāṇām | 
釋曰。若人能持。隨所應持。於中説此人(18)爲能持故。説一切優婆塞本有護。  今此執違(19)經起。云何違經。  由信受稱言即得五護。謂(20)彼説離命。此言云何違經。  經言不爾。經言云(21)何。如摩訶那摩經説。  於中是明優婆塞相。於(22)餘處則無。  是處説如此文。隨有命至於命。我(23)今專信願尊憶持。  於此文中。見四諦人。顯示(24)見知種類。由壽命信受正法。  若爲救壽命。我(25)亦無義更捨正法。  此文不爲顯優婆塞相。  如(26)汝所説文句。謂爲離命。於餘處非所曾見。  何(27)人能從此不明了文。  持一處等文。若依破戒(28)人。説此文句。於中問亦不相應。  何況答。  何(29)以故。何人已解優婆塞護。不解如此若人不(233b1)破此戒是人持此戒。  若人不識優婆塞護量。(2)依能持如此護量人故問。此問則應理。  問言(3)世尊幾量爲優婆塞持一處。乃至幾量。爲優(4)婆塞持具處。  毘婆沙師説。若離護亦成優婆(5)塞。若不具受護。亦應成比丘及沙彌。  猶如優(6)婆塞。優婆塞等護分量。決定云何。  隨大師分(7)別所立。  分別決判立優婆塞等異。汝亦應許。(8)由隨大師分別所立。  何以故。若未有護。如世(9)尊安立優婆塞安立沙彌比丘。則不如此。罽(10)賓國師。不許此義。  一切護 
謂約能持故作是説。能持(17)先所受故説能學言。不爾應言受一分等。(18)理實約受等具律儀。以具律儀故名近事。  (19)如是所執違越契經。如何違經。  謂無經説(20)自稱我是近事等言便發五戒。  此經不説(21)我從今者乃至命終捨生言故。經如何説。如(22)大名經。  唯此經中説近事相。餘經不爾故(23)違越經。  然餘經説。我從今時乃至命終捨(24)生歸淨。是歸三寶發誠信言。  此中顯示以(25)見諦者。由得證淨擧命自要。表於正法(26)深懷愛重  乃至爲救自生命縁。終不捨於(27)如來正法。  非彼爲欲説近事相。  故説如是(28)捨生等言。設説亦非分明理教。  誰能准此不(29)明了文。  便信前時已發五戒。又約持犯戒(76b1)説學一分等尚不應問。  況應爲答。  誰有已(2)解近事律儀必具五支而不能解於所學(3)處持一非餘。乃至具持名一分等。  由彼未(4)解近事律儀受量少多故應請問。  凡有幾(5)種鄔波索迦能學學處。答言。有四鄔波索(6)迦。謂能學一分等。猶未能了。復問何名能(7)學一分。乃至廣説。  若闕律儀得名近事。苾(8)芻勤策闕亦應成。彼既不成。此亦應爾。  何(9)縁近事乃至苾芻所受律儀支量定爾。  由佛(10)教力施設故然。    若爾何縁不許由佛教力(11)施設雖闕律儀而名近事非苾芻等。迦濕(12)彌羅國毘婆沙師。不許闕律儀得成近事。  (13)此近事等一切律儀。由何得成下中上品。 
                                           
mṛdvāditvaṃ yathā manaḥ || 4.31 || 
偈曰。下中上如意。 
(14)頌曰(15)下中上隨心 
 
mṛdumadhyādhimātratvaṃ sasaṃtānacittavaśāt |  evaṃ ca kṛtvā ’rhato ’pi mṛduḥ prātimokṣasaṃvaraḥ syāt pṛthagjanasyādhimātraḥ |  kiṃ punaḥ saṃvaragrahaṇādevopāsakaḥ syād vinā śaraṇagamanaiḥ |  na syād anyatrājñānāt | 
(11)釋曰。八部所持護。有下中上品。云何得成。(12)由求受故。意有差別。  若作如此執。阿羅漢波(13)羅提木叉護。應最下劣。凡夫應最上品。  若唯(14)受護。不受三歸。得成優婆塞不。  不得。除無(15)知。 
(16)論曰。八衆所受別解脱律儀。皆隨受心有(17)下中上品。  由如是理諸阿羅漢或有成(18)就下品律儀。然諸異生或成上品。  爲有但(19)受近事律儀不受三歸成近事不。  不成(20)近事除有不知。 
       
yo buddhadharmasaṃghāñcharaṇaṃ gacchati kimasau śaraṇaṃ gacchati | 
若人歸依佛法僧。此人歸依何法。 
諸有歸依佛法僧者。爲(21)歸何等。 
 
buddhasaṃghakarāndharmānaśaikṣānubhayāṃś ca saḥ |
nirvāṇaṃ ceti śaraṇaṃ yo yāti śāraṇatrayam
|| 4.32 || 
yo buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchati aśaikṣānasau budhakarakāndharmāñcharaṇaṃ gacchati yeṣāṃ prādhānyena sa ātmabhāvo budhā ity ucyate yeṣāṃ vā lābhena sarvāvabodhasāmarthyādbuddho bhavati |  ke punas te | kṣayajñānādayaḥ saparivārāḥ |  rūpakāyasya pūrvaṃ paścāccāviśeṣāt |  kiṃ sarvabuddhānathaikam | lakṣaṇataḥ sarvabudhān |  mārgasyāvilakṣāṇatvāt |  yaḥ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchati śaikṣāśaikṣānasausaṃghakarakānharmān gacchati yeṣāṃ lābhenāṣṭau pudgalāḥ saṃghībhavanti |  abhedatvāt |  kiṃ sarvasaṃghānathaikam | lakṣaṇataḥ sarvasaṃghānmārgasyāvilakṣaṇatvāt |  yattu sūtra uktaṃ “yo ’pyasau bhaviṣyatyanāgate ’dhvani saṃgho nāma tam api śaraṇaṃ gacchatami “ti |  tatpratyakṣabhāvinaḥ saṃvaratvasyodbhāvanārtham |  yo dharmaṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchati asau nirvāṇaṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchati pratisaṃkhyānirodham |  svaparasaṃtānaklelśānāṃ duḥkhasya ca śāntyekalakṣaṇātvāt |  yadyaśaikṣā dharmā eva buddhaḥ kathaṃ tathāgatasyāntike dukṣṭacittarudhirotpādanādānantaryaṃ bhavati |  āśrayavipādanātte ’pi vipāditā bhavant_iti vaibhāṣikāḥ |  śāstraṃ tu naivaṃ vācakamaśaikṣā dharmā eva buddha iti |  kiṃ tarhi |  buddhakarakā iti | ata āśrayasya buddhatvāpratiṣedhādacodyam evaitat |  anyathā hi laukikacittastho na buddhaḥ syānna saṃghaḥ śīlameva ca bhikṣukarakaṃ bhikṣuḥ syāt |  yathā tu yo bhikṣūn pūjayati bhikṣukarakamasau śīlaṃ pūjayati |  evaṃ yo buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchatyaśaikṣānasau buddhakarakāndharmān śaraṇaṃ gacchati |  yo buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchati so ’ṣṭādaśāveṇikānbuddharmānity apare |  kiṃsvabhāvāni śaraṇagamanāni |  vāgvijñaptisvabhāvāni | kaḥ punaḥ śaraṇārthaḥ |  trāṇārthaḥ śaraṇārthaḥ |  tadāśrayeṇa sarvaduḥkhātyantanirmokṣāt | uktaṃ hi bhagavatā 
偈曰。(16)能成佛僧法。無學及二種。歸依及涅槃。歸依(17)佛法僧。  釋曰。若人歸依佛。必歸依能成佛無(18)學諸法。何者能成法。由彼法勝故此身説爲(19)佛。或由得彼法。於一切覺中。有勝能故。説(20)此人爲佛。  此法何相。盡智等共伴類。  色身前(21)後無差別故。  若歸依佛。爲歸依一佛。爲歸依(22)一切佛。若依道理。歸依一切佛。  道相不異(23)故。  若人歸依僧。此人即歸依能成僧。有學無(24)學諸法。由得彼法。八道果人成僧。  不可破故。  (25)若歸依僧。爲歸依一僧。爲歸依一切僧。若依(26)道理。歸依一切僧。道相不異故。  經中説於未(27)來世中當有名僧。此人亦歸依此僧。  此言爲(28)顯現在僧寶最勝功徳。  若人歸依法。此人即(29)歸依涅槃。所謂擇滅  自他相續中。惑及苦。寂(233c1)靜爲一相故。  若定以無學法爲佛。云何於如(2)來邊。起惡心出佛身血。得無間業。  由損害依(3)止故。彼法亦被損害。毘婆沙師説如此。  阿毘(4)達磨藏不説如此。唯無學法是名佛説。  云何  (5)成佛諸法名佛。不遮依止爲佛故。是故此難(6)不成難。  若不爾。佛在世心。則不成佛。僧亦(7)應爾。唯戒能成比丘。  是故戒是比丘。如人供(8)養比丘。則供養能成比丘戒。  如此若人歸依(9)佛。則唯歸依能成佛無學法。  有餘師説。若人(10)歸依佛。此人即歸依十八不共法。  歸依體性(11)云何。  有教言語爲性。歸依者何義。  救濟爲義。  (12)由依止此三。永解脱一切苦故。如佛世尊所(13)説偈 
頌曰(22)歸依成佛僧 無學二種法
(23)及涅槃擇滅 是説具三歸 
(24)論曰。歸依佛者。謂但歸依能成佛無學法。(25)由彼勝故身得佛名。或由得彼法佛能覺(26)一切。  何等名爲佛無學法。謂盡智等及彼隨(27)行。  非色等身。前後等故。  爲歸一佛。一切佛(28)耶。理實應言歸一切佛。  以諸佛道相無異(29)故。  歸依僧者。謂通歸依諸能成僧學無學(76c1)法。由得彼故僧成八種補特伽羅。  不可破(2)故。  爲歸一佛僧。一切佛僧耶。理實通歸一切(3)佛僧。以諸僧道相無異故。  然契經説當來(4)有僧汝應歸者。  彼經但爲顯示當來現見(5)僧寶。  歸依法者。謂歸涅槃。此涅槃言唯顯擇(6)滅。  自他相續煩惱及苦寂滅一相。故通歸依。  (7)若唯無學法即是佛者。如何於佛所惡心出(8)血。但損生身成無間罪。  毘婆沙者作是釋(9)言。壞彼所依彼隨壞故。  然尋本論不見有(10)言唯無學法即名爲佛。    但言無學法能成(11)於佛。既不遮佛體亦攝依身。故於此中不(12)容前難。  若異此者。應佛與僧住世俗心(13)非僧非佛。又應唯執成苾芻戒即是苾芻。  (14)然如有欲供養苾芻者。彼唯供養成苾(15)芻尸羅。  如是有欲歸依佛者。亦應但歸(16)成佛無學法。  有餘師説。歸依佛者。總歸依(17)如來十八不共法。  此能歸依何法爲體。  語表(18)爲體。如是歸依以何爲義。  救濟爲義。  由(19)彼爲依能永解脱一切苦故。如世尊言 
                                                   
“bahavaḥ śaraṇaṃ yānti parvatāṃś ca vanāni
ca ārāmānvṛkṣāṃś caityāṃś ca manuṣyā bhayavarjitāḥ || 
(14)多人求歸依 諸山及密林
(15)園苑樹支提 怖畏所逼惱
 
(20)衆人怖所逼 多歸依諸山
(21)園苑及叢林 孤樹制多等
 
 
na tv etac charaṇaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ naitac charaṇam uttamam |
naitac charaṇam āgamya sarvaduḥkhātpram ucyate || 
(16)此歸依非勝 此歸依非上
(17)若至此歸依 不解脱衆苦
 
(22)此歸依非勝 此歸依非尊
(23)不因此歸依 能解脱衆苦
 
 
yas tu buddhaṃ ca dharmaṃ ca saṃghaṃ ca śaraṇaṃ gataḥ |
catvāri cāryasatyāni paśyati prajñayā yadā || 
(18)若人歸依佛 歸依法及僧
(19)四種聖諦義 依慧恒觀察
 
(24)諸有歸依佛 及歸依法僧
(25)於四聖諦中 恒以慧觀察
 
 
duḥkhaṃ duḥkhasamutpādaṃ duḥkhasya samatikramam |
āryaṃ cāṣṭāṅgikaṃ mārgaṃ kṣemaṃ nirvāṇagāminam || 
(20)苦及苦生集 一向過離苦
(21)具八分聖道 趣向苦寂靜
 
(26)知苦知苦集 知永超衆苦
(27)知八支聖道 趣安隱涅槃
 
 
etad dhi śaraṇaṃ śreṣṭham etac charaṇam uttamam |
etac charaṇam āgamya sarvaduḥkhāt pram ucyate ||”iti | 
(22)此歸依最勝 此歸依爲上
(23)若至此歸依 則解脱衆苦 
(28)此歸依最勝 此歸依最尊
(29)必因此歸依 能解脱衆苦 
 
ata eva śaraṇagamanāni sarvasaṃvarasamādāneṣu dvārabhūtāni | 
(24)是故信受歸依行。於一切受護爲入門。 
(77a1)是故歸依普於一切受律儀處爲方便門。 
 
kiṃ punaḥ kāraṇam anyeṣu saṃvareṣv abrahmacaryād viratiḥ śikṣāpadaṃ vyavasthāpitam upāsakasya tu kāmamithyācārāt | 
復有(25)何因。佛於餘護中。立遠離婬欲。爲學處。於(26)優婆塞護中。立遠離邪婬。爲學處。 
何(2)縁世尊於餘律儀處立離非梵行爲其所(3)學。唯於近事一律儀中但制令其離欲邪(4)行。 
 
mithyācārātigarhyatvāt saukaryād akriyāptitaḥ | 
偈曰。邪(27)婬最可訶。易作得不作。 
頌曰(5)邪行最可訶 易離得不作 
 
kāmamithyācāro hi loke ’tyantaṃ garhitaḥ | pareṣāṃ dāropaghātādāpāyikatvāc ca |  na tathā ’brahmacaryam |  sukarā ca kāmamithyācārādviratirgṛhānadhyāvasatāṃ duṣkarātvabrahmacaryāditi duṣkaraṃ karttuṃ notsaheran |  āryāścākaraṇasaṃvaraṃ kāmamithyācārāt pratilabhante |  janmāntareṣv apy anadhyācaraṇānnatvabrahmacryādityupāsakasyāpi tasmād eva viratiḥ śikṣāpadaṃ vyavasthāpitaṃ mā bhūt parivṛttajanmāntaraḥ śaikṣa upāsakasaṃvarāṅgeṣv asaṃvṛta iti |  akriyāniyamo hy akaraṇasaṃvaraḥ |  ya upāsakāḥ santo bhāryāḥ pariṇayanti kiṃ tais tābhyo ’pi saṃvaraḥ pratilabdho ’tha na |  pratilabdho mā bhūt prādeśikasaṃvaralābha iti |  kathaṃ saṃvarakṣobho na bhavati |  yasmāt 
釋曰。邪婬於世間最(28)可訶。爲侵壞他婦故。能引惡道業故。  婬欲不(29)爾。  若在家人。遠離邪婬。此事易作。遠離婬(234a1)欲。此事難作。由不能行難行事故不出家。  諸(2)聖人於邪婬性得不作護。  於餘生自性不犯(3)故。於婬欲不爾。是故於優婆塞護中。立離邪(4)婬爲學處。勿別轉生聖人犯優婆塞護分。  何(5)以故。決定不作。名不作護。  若人已成優婆塞。(6)方娶妻妾。此人於彼爲得護不。  説得。勿於(7)一處得護。  云何於彼不破壞護。   
(6)論曰。唯欲邪行世極訶責。以能侵毀他妻(7)等故。感惡趣故  非非梵行。  又欲邪行易(8)遠離故。諸在家者耽著欲故離非梵行難(9)可受持。觀彼不能長時修學故不制彼(10)離非梵行。  又諸聖者於欲邪行一切定得(11)不作律儀。  經生聖者亦不行故離非梵行則(12)不如是。故於近事所受律儀但爲制立離(13)欲邪行。勿經生聖者犯近事律儀。  不作律(14)儀謂定不作。  諸有先受近事律儀後娶妻(15)妾。於彼妻妾先受戒時得律儀不。  理實應(16)得。勿但於一分得別解律儀。  若爾云何後(17)非犯戒。   
                   
yathābhyupagamaṃ lābhaḥ saṃvarasya na saṃtateḥ || 4.33 || 
偈曰。如受意(8)得護。非於相續得。 
頌曰(18)得律儀如誓 非總於相續 
 
yathā hy eṣām abhyupagamas tathā saṃvaralābhaḥ | kathaṃ caiṣāmabhyupagamaḥ |  kāmamithyācārādviramāmīti |  na tvatra saṃtāne mayā brahmacaryaṃ na kartavyamityata evaiṣāṃ tadadhiṣṭhātkāmamithyācārāṅgādeva saṃvaralābho nābrahmacaryāditi nāsti bhāryībhūtāyāṃ saṃvarakṣobhaḥ | 
釋曰。如彼受護故意得(9)護亦爾。受護故意云何。  謂我今永離邪婬。  非(10)於彼相續。謂我今不應作婬欲。是故受五戒(11)人。以彼爲依止。於離邪婬分得護。不從於彼(12)離婬欲得。是故由成自婦行婬欲。不違破護。 
(19)論曰。如本受誓而得律儀。本受誓云何。  謂(20)離欲邪行。  非於一切有情相續言我皆當(21)離非梵行。由此普於有情相續唯得離欲(22)邪行戒。非離非梵行律儀故後納妻妾非(23)毀犯前戒。 
     
atha kasmāt mṛṣāvādād viratir evopāsakasaṃvaraśikṣāpadaṃ na paiśunyādiviratiḥ | 
(13)云何唯離妄語。於優婆塞護。立爲學處。不立(14)離兩舌等。 
何縁但制離虚誑語。非離間語(24)等爲近事律儀。 
 
ebhir eva ca tribhiḥ kāraṇaiḥ | 
由前三證。 
亦由前説三種因故。 
 
“mṛṣāvādātigarhyatvāt saukaryād akriyāptitaḥ” | 
謂妄語最可訶。易作得(15)不作。 
謂虚(25)誑語最可訶故。諸在家者易遠離故。一切(26)聖者得不作故。復有別因。 
 
mṛṣāvādaprasaṅgāc ca sarvaśikṣāvyatikrame | 
偈曰。通起妄語故。過一切學處。 
頌曰(27)以開虚誑語 便越諸學處 
 
sarvatra hi śikṣātikrame samanuyujyamānasyopasthitamidaṃ bhavati nāhamevamahārṣam iti mṛṣāvādasya prasaṅgo bhavaty ato mṛṣāvādādviratirvidhīyate kathaṃ kṛtātikramo ’pyātmani māviṣkuryāditi |  kiṃ punaḥ kāraṇaṃ pratikṣepaṇasāvadyācchikṣāpadasya na vyavasthāpitam | 
釋曰。(16)於一切違犯學處中。若被檢問妄語即起。謂(17)我不作。如此由妄語。通起墮犯無更起義。故(18)大師約此義。謂云何犯戒人。如實發露顯示(19)自失故。立離妄語爲護。  復有何因。於假制罪(20)中護。不立爲優婆塞學處。彼説立。 
(28)論曰。越諸學處被檢問時。若開虚誑語。便(29)言我不作。因斯於戒多所違越。故佛爲(77b1)欲令彼堅持。於一切律儀制離虚誑語。(2)云何令彼若犯戒時便自發露能防後犯。  復(3)以何縁不於遠離遮罪建立近事律儀。誰(4)言此中不離遮罪。離何遮罪。謂離飮酒。何(5)縁於彼諸遮罪中不制離餘。唯遮飮酒。 
   
pratikṣepaṇasāvadyānmadyād eva 
偈曰。假制(21)罪中唯。離酒 
頌(6)曰(7)遮中唯離酒 爲護餘律儀 
 
kiṃ kāraṇaṃ madyādeva nānyasmāt | 
釋曰。何因唯離酒爲戒不離餘。 
See the record before the previous verse. 
 
anyaguptaye || 4.34 || 
(22)偈曰。爲護餘。 
See the full verse quoted previously 
 
madyaṃ pivato ’nyānyapyaṅgānyaguptāni syuḥ |  kathaṃ punar madyapānaṃ pratikṣepaṇasāvadyaṃ gamyate |  prakṛtisāvadyalakṣaṇābhāvāt |  prakṛtisāvadyaṃ hi kliṣṭenaiva cittenādhyācaryate |  śakyaṃ tu madyaṃ pratīkārabuddhyaiva pātuṃ yāvanna madayet |  kliṣṭameva taccittaṃ yanmadanīyaṃ jñātvā pibati |  na tat kliṣṭaṃ yadamadanīyamātrāṃ viditvā pibati |  prakṛtisāvadyaṃ madyam iti vinayadharāḥ |  “kathaṃ bhadanta glāna upasthātavyaḥ |  prakṛtisāvadyamupālin sthāpayitvā” ity uktaṃ bhagavatā |  śākyeṣu ca glāneṣu madyapānaṃ nābhyanujñātam |  idaṃ coktaṃ māṃ bhikṣavaḥ śāstāram uddiśadbhiḥ kuśāgreṇa_ api madyaṃ na pātavyam” ity ataḥ prakṛtisāvadyam iti jñāyate |  āryaiś ca janmāntaragatair apy anadhyācārāt |  prāṇivadhādivat | kāyaduścaritavacanād durgatigamanāc ceti | nety ābhidhārmikāḥ |  utsargavihitasyāpi glāneṣu prajñaptisāvadyasya punar madyasyāpavādaḥ prasaṅgaparihārārthaṃ madnīyamātrānīyamanāt |  ata eva kuśāgrapānapratiṣedhaḥ |  āryair anadhyācaraṇaṃ hrīmattvāt tena ca smṛtināśāt |  alpakasyāpy apānam aniyamād viṣavat |  duścaritavacanaṃ pramādasthānatvāt |  ata evātra pramādasthānagrahaṇaṃ nānyeṣu teṣāṃ prakṛtisāvadyatvāt |  atyāsevitena durgatigamanābhidhānam |  tatprasaṅgenābhīkṣṇamakuśalasaṃtatipravṛtterāpāyikasya karmaṇa ākṣepādvṛttilābhādvā |  surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānam iti ko ’rthaḥ |  surā anāsavaḥ | maireyaṃ dravāsavaḥ |  te ca kadācid aprāptacyutamadyabhāve bhavataḥ ityato madyagrahaṇam |  pūgaphalakodravādayo ’pi madayantīti surāmaireyagrahaṇam |  prajñaptisāvadyasyāpy ādareṇa praheyatve kāraṇajñāpanārthaṃ pramādasthānavacanam |  sarvapramādāspadatvād iti | 
釋曰。何以故。若人飮酒。則不(23)能守餘護分。  云何知飮酒是假制罪。  無自性(24)罪相故。  性罪相者。若起染汚心。方犯此罪。是(25)名性罪。  有時唯作對治病。意飮酒如量不令(26)醉。  若爾此心已成染汚。本知此能令醉而故(27)飮。  非染汚。由知如量不令醉故飮。  一切毘那(28)耶藏師説。飮酒是性罪。  如律文言。世尊云何(29)應治病人。  佛言。優波離。除性罪。何者性罪。(234b1)是我爲優婆塞所立學處。  復次釋迦病時。世(2)尊不許飮酒。  復次經言。比丘若人説我爲師。(3)由茅端酒亦不應飮故。知飮酒是性罪。  復次(4)聖人已轉別性。  本性不犯此故。如殺生等。(5)復次由説此是身惡行。阿毘達磨師説。不爾。  (6)何以故。有時爲病人許開假制罪。而重遮飮(7)酒。此何所以爲離非所許應至故。能令醉量(8)不定故。  是故由茅端飮亦不許。  非聖人所犯(9)者。由諸聖人慚羞失念事。因此失念。  是故一(10)滴亦不許飮。以量不定故。譬如惡毒。  説身惡(11)行者。放逸依處故。  是故於中立放逸依處名(12)於餘處不立。彼處自性罪故。  若過量數習。世(13)尊説由此入惡道。  是義云何。由愛習此數數(14)惡行相續生故。能引感惡道業故。得生惡道。  (15)酒酒類令醉放逸依處。此句有何義。  酒謂飮(16)酒。酒類謂餘物酒。  此二有時未至及已度令(17)醉位。不名令醉。爲除此故。  説令醉檳榔子。及(18)倶陀婆穀。亦能令醉。爲除此故。説酒及酒類。  (19)雖是假制罪。爲顯因縁。令殷重急除。故説放(20)逸依處。  一切惡行所依故。 
(8)論曰。諸飮酒者心多縱逸。不能守護諸餘(9)律儀。故爲護餘令離飮酒。  寧知飮酒遮罪(10)攝耶。  由此中無性罪相故。  以諸性罪唯染(11)心行。  爲療病時雖飮諸酒不爲醉亂能(12)無染心。  豈不先知酒能醉亂而故欲飮即(13)是染心。  此非染心由自知量。爲療病故(14)分限而飮不令醉亂故非染心。  諸持律者(15)言。飮酒是性罪。  如彼尊者鄔波離言我當(16)如何供給病者。世尊告曰。唯除性罪餘隨(17)所應皆可供給。  See the previous record  然有染疾釋種須酒。世尊(18)不開彼飮酒故。  又契經説。諸有苾芻稱我(19)爲師不應飮酒。乃至極少如一茅端所霑(20)酒量亦不應飮。故知飮酒是性罪攝。  又諸(21)聖者雖易多生亦不犯故。  如殺生等。又(22)經説是身惡行故。對法諸師言非性罪。  然(23)爲病者總開遮戒。復於異時遮飮酒者。(24)爲防因此犯性罪故。又令醉亂量無定(25)限。  故遮乃至飮茅端所霑量。  又一切聖皆不(26)飮者。以諸聖者具慚羞故。飮酒能令失(27)正念故。  乃至少分亦不飮者。以如毒藥量(28)無定故。  又經説是身惡行者。酒是一切放(29)逸處故。  由是獨立放逸處名。餘不立此名。(77c1)皆是性罪故。  然説數習墮惡趣者。  顯數飮(2)酒能令身中諸不善法相續轉故。又能引(3)發惡趣業故。或能令彼轉増盛故。  如契經(4)説。窣羅迷麗耶末陀放逸處。依何義説。  醞(5)食成酒名爲窣羅。醞餘物所成名迷麗耶(6)酒。  即前二酒未熟已壞不能令醉不名末(7)陀。若令醉時名末陀酒。簡無用位重立此(8)名。  然以檳榔及稗子等亦能令醉。爲簡彼(9)故。須説窣羅迷麗耶酒。  雖是遮罪而令放(10)逸廣造衆惡。爲令殷重遮斷故説放逸處(11)言。  酒是放逸所依處故(12)説一切有部倶舍論卷第十四(13)(14)(15) 
                                                       
ya ime trayaḥ prātimokṣadhyānānāsravasaṃvarāḥ kimeṣāṃ yata eko labhyate tataḥ śeṣau |  nety āha | kiṃ tarhi | 
是三種戒。謂波羅(21)提木叉。定生。無流。從此因若得一戒。爲得餘(22)二戒不。  説非。若爾云何。 
(16)阿毘達磨倶舍論卷第十五(17)  尊者世親造(18) 三藏法師玄奘奉  詔譯 (19)  分別業品第四之三(20)此別解脱靜慮無漏三種律儀。從彼得一亦(21)餘二不。  不爾。云何。 
   
sarvobhayebhyaḥ kāmāpto vartamānebhya āpyate | 
偈曰。欲從一切二。(23)現得木叉護。 
頌曰(22)從一切二現 得欲界律儀
(23)從根本恒時 得靜慮無漏 
 
vartamānebhya eva skandhāyatana dhātubhyaḥ kāmāpta iti prātimokṣasaṃvaraḥ |  sarvebhya iti maulaprayogapṛṣṭhebhyaḥ |  ubhayebhya iti sattvāsattvākhyebhyaḥ prakṛtipratikṣepaṇasāvadyebhyaś ca vartamānebhya eva skandhāyatanadhātubhyo labhyate |  sattvādhiṣṭānapravṛttatvāt nātītānāgatebhyaḥ | teṣām asattvasaṃkhyātatvāt | 
釋曰。欲界戒。謂波羅提木叉(24)護。  從一切者。謂前分根本後分。  從二者。謂衆(25)生名非衆生名。又性罪處假制罪處。從現者。(26)謂現世五陰十二入十八界。從此得波羅提(27)木叉戒。  何以故。縁衆生爲境起故。是故不從(28)過去未來。得去來二世非衆生數故。 
(24)論曰。欲界律儀。謂別解脱  此從一切根本(25)業道及從加行後起而得。  從二得者。謂(26)從二類。即情非情性罪遮罪。從現得者。(27)謂從現世蘊處界得。  非從去來。由此律儀(28)有情處轉。去來非是有情處故。 
       
maulebhyaḥ sarvakālebhyo dhyānānāsravasaṃvarau || 4.35 || 
偈曰。從(29)根本恒時。得定無流護。 
See the full verse quoted previously 
 
maulebhya eva karmapathebhyo dhyānānāsravasaṃvarau labhyete na prayogapṛṣṭhebhyaḥ kuta eva prajñaptisāvadyebhyaḥ sarvakālebhyaś ca skandhāyatanadhātubhyo labhyete atītānāgatebhyo ’pi |  ata eva catuṣkoṭikaṃ kriyate |  santi tāni skandha dhātvāyatanāni yebhyaḥ prātimokṣasaṃvaraḥ eva labhyate na dhyānānāsravasaṃvarāviti vistaraḥ |  prathamā koṭiḥ pratyutpannebhyaḥ sāmantakapṛṣṭhebhyaḥ pratikṣepaṇasāvadyāc ca |  dvitīyā ’tītānāgatebhyo maulebhyaḥ karmapathebhyaḥ |  tṛtīyā pratyutpannebhyo maulebhyaḥ karmapathebhyaḥ |  caturthyatītānāgatebhyaḥ sāmantakapṛṣṭhemyaḥ iti |  natu saṃvarakāle vartamānāḥ karmapathāḥ santīti vartamānādhiṣṭhānebhyaḥ iti vaktavyam |  anāgatānām eva saṃvaraṇaṃ yujyate nātītavartamānānām | 
釋曰。從根本業道。(234c1)得定生護及無流護。不從前分及後分生。何(2)況從制罪生。從一切時陰入界所得。謂過去(3)現世未來。  因此故立四句。  有陰入界從彼得(4)波羅提木叉戒。不得定生及無流戒。應如此(5)廣説。  第一句者。從現世前分後分從制罪處。  (6)第二句者。從過去未來根本業道。  第三句者。(7)從現世根本業道。  第四句者。從過去未來(8)前分後分。     
若得靜慮(29)無漏律儀應知但從根本業道。尚不從彼(26)從二類。即情非情性罪遮罪。從現得者。(27)謂從現世蘊處界得。非從去來。由此律儀(28)有情處轉。去來非是有情處故。若得靜慮(29)無漏律儀應知但從根本業道。尚不從彼(78a1)加行後起得此律儀況從遮罪。從恒時者。(2)謂從過去現在未來蘊處界得。  由此差別(3)應作四句。  有蘊處界從彼唯得別解律儀(4)非餘二等。  第一句者。謂從現世加行後起(5)及諸遮罪。  第二句者。謂從去來根本業道。  第(6)三句者。謂從現世根本業道。  第四句者。謂(7)從去來加行後起。  非於正得善律儀時可(8)有現世惡業道等。是故應言從現處得。  理(9)應但説防護未來。定不應言防護過現。 
                 
atha kiṃ saṃvarāsaṃvarau sarvasattvebhya eva labhyete sarvāṅgebhyaḥ sarvakāraṇaiś ca āhosvidasti bhedaḥ |  niyataṃ tāvat labhyate | 
此護不護。爲皆從一切境一切分(9)一切因得爲有異。  若約決定得。 
(10)諸有獲得律不律儀。從一切有情支因有(11)異不。  此定有異相云何。 
   
saṃvaraḥ sarvasattvebhyo vibhāṣā tv aṅgakāraṇaiḥ | 
偈曰。於衆(10)生得護。由分因不定。 
頌曰(12)律從諸有情 支因説不定
(13)不律從一切 有情支非因 
 
sarvasattvebhya eva saṃvaro labhyate kebhyaścit aṅgebhyas tu vibhāṣā |  kaścit sarvebhyo labhyate |  bhikṣusaṃvaraḥ | kaścic caturbhyaḥ | tato ’nyaḥ |  karmapathā hi saṃvarasyāṅgāni |  kāraṇair api kenacit paryāyeṇa sarvaiḥ kenacidekena | kena tāvat sarvaiḥ |  yady alobhādveṣāmohāḥ kāraṇānīṣyante | kenai kena |  yadi mṛdumadhyādhimātrāṇi cittāni kāraṇānīṣyante |  paścimaṃ paryāyaṃ niyamayyocyate asti saṃvarasthāyī sarvasattveṣu saṃvṛto na sarvāṅgaiḥ na sarvakāraṇaiḥ |  yo mṛdunā cittena madhyenādhimātreṇa vā upāsakovāsa śrāmaṇerasaṃvaraṃ samādatte |  asti sarvasattveṣu saṃvṛtaḥ sarvāṅgaiś ca na tu sarvakāraṇaiḥ |  yo mṛdunā cittena madhyenādhimātreṇa vā bhikṣusaṃvaraṃ samādatte |  asti sarvasattveṣu sarvaṅgaiḥ sarvakāraṇaiś ca |  yas trividhena cittena trīn saṃvarān samādatte |  asti sarvasattveṣu sarvakāraṇaiś ca na tu sarvāṅgaiḥ |  ya upāsakopavāsaśrāmaṇerasaṃvarānmṛdumadhyādhimātraiḥ samādatte |  yas tu na sarvasattveṣu syād īdṛśo nāsti |  yasmāt sarvasattvānugate kalyāṇāśaye sthitaḥ saṃvaraṃ pratilabhate nānyathā pāpāśayasyānuparatatvāt |  pañca niyamān kurvan prātimokṣasamvaraṃ pratilabhate |  sattvāṅgadeśakālasamayaniyamāt |  amuṣmāt sattvād viramāmīti sattvaniyamaḥ |  amuṣmādaṅgādityaṅaniyamaḥ | amusmina deśa iti deśaniyamaḥ |  māsādyāvaditi kālaniyamaḥ | anyatra yuddhād iti samayaniyamaḥ |  sucaritamātraṃ tu syāt tathā gṛhṇataḥ |  kathamaśakyebhyaḥ saṃvaralābhaḥ |  sarvasattvajīvitānupaghātādhyāśayenābhyupagamāt |  yadi punaḥ śakyebhya eva saṃvaro labhyate cayāpacayayuktaḥ syāt |  śakyāśakyānām itaretarasaṃcārāt |  evaṃ ca sati vināpi lābhatyāgakāraṇābhyāṃ saṃvarasya lābhatyāgau syāt ām iti vaibhāṣikāḥ |  naivaṃ bhavisyati |  yathā hy apūrvatṛṇādyutpattau śoṣe vā saṃvarasya vṛddhihlāsau na bhavatas tathā śakyāśakyasaṃcāre ’pi na syāt ām |  na sattvānāṃ pūrvaṃ paścāc ca bhāvāt tṛṇādīnāṃ tv abhāvāt |  ko nvatra viśeṣo na vā bhavedasatsu tṛṇādiṣu saṃvaras tadvad aśakyo vā bhavet |  yadā ca parinirvṛtā na bhavanty eva tadā kathaṃ saṃvarahlāso na syād iti naiṣa yuktaḥ parihāraḥ |  tasmāt pūrvaka eva parihāraḥ sādhuḥ |  evaṃ tarhi pūrvabuddhaparinirvṛtebhya uttareṣāṃ buddhānāṃ pratimokṣasaṃvarasyā lābhāt kathaṃ śīlanyūnatā na prasajyeta |  sarveṣāṃ sattvebhyo lābhāt |  yadi hi te ’py abhaviṣyaṃ stebhyo ’pi te ’lapsyanta |  uktaṃ yataḥ saṃvaro labhyate | 
釋曰。護從一切衆生(11)得。不從一分衆生得。從分不定。  有人從一切(12)分得護。  謂受比丘戒。有人從四分得護。謂(13)受所餘諸戒。  業道是一切護分。  由因有義從(14)一切得。有義不從一切得。[See the also next record]  若立無貪無瞋無(15)癡爲護生因。即從一切得。彼不相離故。  若(16)立下中上故意。爲護生因。則不從一切得。三(17)品不倶起故。  今定立後因爲生因。應論此(18)義。有住護人。於一切衆生有護。不由一切(19)分。不由一切因。  若人由下品或中上品故意。(20)受優婆塞及沙彌護。  有人於一切衆生有護。(21)由一切分。不由一切因。  若人由下品或中上(22)品故意。受比丘戒。  有人於一切衆生一切分(23)一切因得護。  若人由三品故意。受三種護。  有(24)人於一切衆生。由一切因得護。不由一切分。  (25)若人由三品故意。受五戒八戒十戒。  若不從(26)一切衆生。如此護則無。  何以故。由此人隨遍(27)一切衆生。於善故意中住方得護。異此不得(28)故。云何如此。惡意不絶故。  若人不作五種(29)定分別。乃得波羅提木叉護。  五定分別者。謂(235a1)衆生分處時縁。  於某衆生我離殺等。是名衆(2)生定分別。  於某分我持。是名分定分別。於某(3)處我持。是名處定分別。  我持此護乃至一(4)月等。是名時定分別。除鬪戰事。是名縁定分(5)別。  若人作如此受。唯得善行不得護。  於非所(6)能境。云何得護。  由不損害一切衆生命。善故(7)意受得故。  若從是所能境得護。此護則有増(8)減。  所能非所能互相轉故。  若爾離得捨護因(9)縁得護捨護。此義自成。毘婆沙師説如此。  有(10)餘師説。此義不應爾。  何以故譬如草等未有(11)有時或時枯。滅護無増減義。於所能非所能(12)衆生。互相轉時。無増減義亦爾。  是義不然。衆(13)生前後有故。草等不有。  若衆生般涅槃永不(14)有。云何護増減義不成。是故此救義不可然。  See the previous record  (15)前言義則爲善。  若爾於前佛所一切已般涅槃(16)衆生。後出世諸佛。從彼不得波羅提木叉護(17)故。云何後佛戒減前佛戒。此義不成。  從一切(18)衆生得故。  若彼衆生設在。從彼亦應得説。  能(19)令得護因義已。不護云何得。 
(14)論曰。律儀定從一切有情得。無少分理。支(15)因説不定。  支不定者。有從一切得謂苾芻(16)律儀。  有從四支得謂所餘律儀。[See the also previous record]  唯根本業(17)道名律儀支故。  因不定者。謂或有義從一(18)切因。[See the also next record]  或約餘義唯許從一。從一切者。謂(19)從無貪瞋癡。必倶起故。  唯從一者。謂從下(20)中上心。不倶起故。  此中且就後三因説。或(21)有一類住律儀者。於一切有情得律儀。非(22)一切支非一切因。  謂以下心或中或上。受(23)近事勤策戒。  或有一類住律儀者。於一切(24)有情得律儀。由一切支非一切因。  謂以下(25)心或中或上。受苾芻戒。  或有一類住律儀(26)者。於一切有情得律儀。由一切支及一切(27)因。  謂以三心受近事勤策苾芻戒。  或有一(28)類住律儀者。於一切有情得律儀。由一切(29)因非一切支。  謂以三心受近事近住勤策(78b1)戒。  無有不遍。於諸有情得律儀者。  以於(2)一切諸有情所住善意樂方得律儀。異則(3)不然。以惡意樂不全息故。  若人不作五種(4)定限方可受得別解律儀。  謂有情支處時縁(5)定。  有情定者。念我唯於某類有情當離殺(6)等。  言支定者。念我唯於某律儀支當持(7)不犯。言處定者。念我唯住某類方域當(8)離殺等。  言時定者。念我唯於一月等時能(9)離殺等。言縁定者。念我唯除鬪戰等縁能(10)離殺等。  如是受者不得律儀。但得律儀相(11)似妙行。  於非所能境如何得律儀。  由普於(12)有情發起増上不損命意樂故得律儀。  毘(13)婆沙師有作是説。若謂一向於所能境方(14)可受得別解律儀。則此律儀應有増減。  以(15)所能境與非所能二類有情有轉易故。  如(16)是便有別解律儀離得捨縁有得捨過。  彼(17)説不然。  如生草等先無後起或起已枯於彼(18)律儀無増無減。能不能境所得律儀。境轉易(19)時例亦應爾。  彼言不爾。所以者何。以諸有(20)情前後性等草等前後性不同故。  若爾有情(21)般涅槃已。如前性類今時既無。於彼律儀(22)如何無減。故如是釋於理不然。  See the previous record  前所説因(23)於理爲善。  若爾前佛及所度生已涅槃者。後(24)佛於彼既不發得別解律儀。如何尸羅無(25)減前過。  以一切佛別解律儀皆從一切有情(26)處得。  設彼有情今猶在者。後佛從彼亦得(27)律儀。故後尸羅無減前過。  已説從彼得諸(28)律儀。 
                                                                           
asamvaras tu sarvebhyaḥ sarvāṅgebhyo na kāraṇaiḥ || 4.36 || 
偈曰。不護從(20)一切。一切分非因。 
See the full verse quoted previously 
 
asaṃvaras tu sarvasattvebhyo labhyate sarvakarmapathebhyaś ca |  nāsti hi vikalenāsaṃvareṇāsaṃvarikaḥ |  na tu sarvakāraṇairyugapat mṛdvādicittāsaṃbhavāt |  yo mṛdunā cittenāsaṃvaraṃ pratilabhate so ’dhimātreṇa_ api cittena prāṇinaṃ jīvitād vyaparopayan mṛdunaivā saṃvareṇa samanvāgato bhavaty adhimātrayā tu prāṇātipātavijñaptyā |  evaṃ madhyādhimātreṇa yojyam |  tatreme āsaṃvarikās tadyathā aurabhrikāḥ kaukkuṭikāḥ saukarikāḥ śākunikā mātsikā mṛgalubdhakāś caurā vadhyaghātakā bandhanapālakā nāgabandhakāḥ śvapākā vāgurikāś ca |  rājāno daṇḍanetāro vyāvahārikāś cārthata āsaṃvarikāḥ asaṃvare bhavatvāt tatrashatayā asaṃvara eṣām astīti āsaṃvarikā vā |  urabhrān ghnantīti aurabhrikāḥ |  evam anye ’pi yojyāḥ |  yuktas tāvat saṃvarasya sarvasattvebhyo lābhaḥ |  sarvasattvahitādhyāśayena grahaṇāt |  aurabhrikādīnāṃ tu mātāpitṛputradārādiṣvavipannāśayānāṃ jīvitahetorapyahantukāmānāṃ kathamasaṃvaraḥ sarvasattvebhyo yujyate |  mātrādīn api hi ta urabhrībhūtān hanyuḥ |  na hi tāvat te ta eva iti vidvāṃso hanyuḥ |  āryībhūtānāṃ ca punaḥ paśu bhavituṃ nāsty avakāśa iti tebhyaḥ kathaṃ syāt |  yadi cānāgatātmabhāvāpekṣayā varttamānādasaṃvṛtaḥ syād urabhrādīn api te putrībhūtāt sarvathā na hanyuriti ina syāt tebhyyo ’saṃvaraḥ |  kathaṃ hi nāma jighāṃsatām eva tebhyo na syād asaṃvaraḥ |  etan mātrādiṣu samānam |  kathaṃ hi nāmājighāṃsatām eva tebhyaḥ syād asaṃvara iti |  yaś caurabhriko janmanāpy ādatte svadāraparituṣṭo mūkaś ca |  katham asya pūrvaṅgebhyo ’saṃvaraḥ syāt | āśayasyāvipannatvāt |  mūko ’pi ca vākprāpaṇīyamarthaṃ kāyena prāpayituṃ śakta iti |  yas tarhi dve trīṇi vā śikṣāpadāni samādatte |  sarvathā nāsti vikalaḥ prādeśikaścāsaṃvarika iti vaibhāṣikāḥ |  yathā bhyupagamaṃ vikalo ’pi syāt prādeśiko ’pyasaṃvaraḥ saṃvaraścānyatrāṣṭavidhāditi sautrāntikāḥ |  tanmātraśīla dauḥślīlyapratibandhāt | 
釋曰。不護者。從一切衆生(21)得。從一切業道得。  何以故。無不護人由不具(22)不護。成不護  不由一切因。一時下品等不倶(23)起故。  若人由下品心得不護。此人由上品心。(24)亦得斷衆生命。此人與下品不護相應。亦與(25)上品殺生等無教相應。  由中上。品心亦爾。  此(26)中是人名不護人。謂殺羊。殺雞。殺猪。捕鳥。(27)捕魚。獵鹿。偸盜行。刑戮人。獄卒。縛象人。煮(28)狗人。網捕人。  主將軍。斷事人。如此等人。約(29)義皆是不護。住於不護故。名不護人。彼有不(235b1)護故。名不護人。      此義可然。謂諸護從一切衆(2)生得。  於一切衆生。由善利故意受持故。  殺羊(3)等人。於母父妻子等中。無損害心。爲救自壽(4)命。亦不樂損。彼云何言從一切衆生得。  至親(5)等若轉生成羊等。彼亦能殺。  何以故。知彼未(6)成彼等。是故不殺。  若至親等成聖人更爲畜(7)生。無有是處。從彼云何得不護。  若由觀未來(8)世事從現世相續生不護。羊等於未來應成(9)兒等。從一向不殺。  云何於現世相續得不護。(10)若人於衆生恒起損害意。從彼無不護。此執(11)有何義。  此義於至親等同。此人於彼無損害(12)意。  而從彼得不護。此義復云何。  若有殺羊等(13)人。於一生中不與不取。於自妻知足。於妄語(14)瘖瘂。  云何由一切分得不護。善故意壞故。  若(15)義應由言語得顯。彼能以身顯示。  若爾有人(16)受學處。或二或三。此義云何。  一向無不具分(17)不護及一處不護。毘婆沙師説。  如此隨求受(18)故意。不具分及一處。皆得不護。受護亦爾除(19)八分護。經部師説如此。  由如此量。遮防善(20)戒惡戒故。 
得不律儀定從一切有情業道。  無少(29)分境及不具支不律儀者。  此定無有由一切(78c1)因。下品等心無倶起故。  若有一類由下品(2)心得不律儀。後於異時由上品心斷衆生(3)命。彼但成就下不律儀。亦成殺生上品表(4)等。  中品上品例此應知。  此中何名不律儀(5)者。謂諸屠羊屠鷄屠猪捕鳥捕魚。獵獸劫盜(6)魁膾典獄。縛龍煮狗及罝弶等。  等言類顯王(7)典刑罰及餘聽察斷罪等人。但恒有害心(8)名不律儀者。由彼一類住不律儀。或有不(9)律儀名不律儀者  言屠羊者。謂爲活命(10)要期盡壽恒欲害羊。  餘隨所應當知亦(11)爾。  遍於有情界得諸律儀其理可爾。  由(12)普欲利樂勝阿世耶而受得故。  非屠羊等(13)不律儀人於己至親有損害意。乃至爲救(14)自身命縁亦不欲殺。如何可説普於一切(15)得不律儀。  由彼至親若爲羊等於彼亦可(16)有損害心。  既知至親現非羊等。如何於彼(17)可有害心。  又聖必無作羊等理。如何於彼(18)得不律儀。  若觀未來羊等自體。於現相續(19)得不律儀。是則羊等於未來世亦有至親(20)及聖自體。於彼決定無損害心。是則應觀(21)未來自體不於現在得不律儀。於羊等現(22)身既有害意。  如何不於彼得不律儀。  於母(23)等現身既無害意。  如何亦於彼得不律儀。(24)於等事中應求異理。  又屠羊等不律儀人。(25)於一生中不與不取。於己妻妾住知足(26)心。瘂不能言無語四過。  如何彼亦得具支(27)不律儀。彼遍損善阿世耶故。  雖瘂不言而(28)身表語所欲説義故得具支。  若爾彼人或(29)時先受二三學處。後但受殺。於餘不損善(79a1)阿世耶。  如何具發七支惡戒。毘婆沙者作如(2)是言。  必無缺支及餘一分可得名住不律(3)儀人。經部諸師作如是説。隨所期限支具(4)不具及全分一分皆得不律儀。律儀亦然。唯(5)除八戒。  由隨彼量善惡尸羅性相相違互(6)相遮故。 
                                                   
uktam idam asaṃvarasya yebhyo lābhaḥ | kathaṃ tu lābha iti noktam | tata idam ucyate | 
説從此得不護已。云何得不護。(21)此義未説。今當説。 
已説從彼得不律儀。得不律儀及(7)餘無表。如何方便未説當説。 
 
asaṃvarasya kriyayā lābho ’bhyupagamena vā | 
偈曰。得不護由二。自作及(22)求受。 
頌曰(8)諸得不律儀 由作及誓受
(9)得所餘無表 由田受重行 
 
dvābhyāṃ kāraṇābhyāmasaṃvaro labhyate |  vadhaprayogakriyayā tatkulīnaiḥ tatkarmābhyupagamāc cānyatra kulīnaiḥ |  vayamapyanayā jīvikayā jīviṣyāma iti | 
釋曰。不護由二因得。  若生彼家。由自行(23)殺生等事。若生餘家。由求受此業。  謂我等應(24)行此業。爲立資生。由此二因故。不護得生。 
(10)論曰。諸不律儀由二因得。  一者生在不律(11)儀家。由初現行殺等加行。二者雖復生在(12)餘家。由初要期受殺等事。  謂我當作如是(13)事業以求財物養活自身。當於爾時便發(14)惡戒。 
     
śeṣāvijñaptilābhastu kṣetrādānādarehanāt || 4.37 || 
偈(25)曰。得所餘無教。由田受重行。 
See the full verse quoted previously 
 
kṣetraṃ vā tadrūpaṃ bhavati yatrārāmādipradānamātreṇāvijñaptir utpadyate |  yathaupadhikeṣu puṇyakriyāvastuṣu |  athavā samādānamādatte buddhamavanditvā na bhokṣye tithimāsārdhamāsabhaktāni vā nityaṃ kariṣyāmītyādi |  ādareṇa tadrūpeṇa kriyāmīhate kuśalāmakuśalāṃ vā yato ’syāvijñaptir utpadyate |  uktam etad yathā saṃvarāsaṃvaretarāṇāṃ pratilambhaḥ |  tyāga idānīṃ vaktavyaḥ | tatra tāvat 
釋曰。有如此相(26)田。於中由唯施阿藍摩等生善無教。  如有攝(27)福徳業處説。  復次自誓受善行。若未禮佛。我(28)誓不食不眠。若齋日及半月一月中。我當恒(29)施他食。如此等。  由此受善行無教恒流。有如(235c1)此故重心行善惡諸業。從此更生無教。  説由(2)此能得護不護已。  捨護不護今當説。此中 
得餘無表由三種因。一者由田。謂於(15)如是諸福田所施園林等。彼善無表初施便(16)生。  如説有依諸福業事。  二者由受。謂自誓(17)言。若未禮佛不先食等。或作誓限。於齋(18)日月半月及年常施食施。  三由重行。謂起(19)如是殷重作意行善行惡。由此三因起(20)餘無表。  如是已説得律儀等。  捨律儀等未(21)説當説。具云何捨別解律儀。 
           
prātimokṣadamatyāgaḥ śikṣānikṣepaṇāc cyuteḥ |
ubhayavyañjanotpattermūlacchedānniśātyayāt
|| 4.38 || 
偈(3)曰。捨護木叉調。由捨學處死。由二根轉生。(4)由根斷時盡。 
頌曰(22)捨別解調伏 由故捨命終
(23)及二形倶生 斷善根夜盡
(24)有説由犯重 餘説由法滅
(25)伽濕彌羅説 犯二如負財 
 
dāmyanty aneneti damaḥ saṃvaro ’bhipretas tenendriyadamanāt |  caturbhiḥ kāraṇaiḥ prātimokṣasaṃvarasya tyāgaḥ |  sthāpayitvopavāsam |  śikṣāpadānāṃ vijñapuruṣasyāntike pratyākhyānadāśayataḥ nikāyasabhāgatyāgāt yugapadu bhayavyañjanaprādurbhāvāt kuśalamūlasamucchedāc ca |  upavāsasaṃvarasya tvebhiś caturbhir ārātrikṣayāc ca |  tānyetānyabhisamasya pañca tyāgakāraṇāni bhavanti |  kiṃ punaḥ kāraṇam ebhiḥ kāraṇaistyāgo bhavati |  samādānaviruddhavijñaptyutpādādāśrayatyāgādāśrayavikopanānnidānacchedāt tāvad evākṣepāc ca | 
釋曰。木叉調者謂波羅提木叉(5)護。能調伏身口業故。  有四因能捨波羅提木(6)叉護。  除優波婆娑護。  一由故意。於有解人邊(7)捨所學處。二由捨聚同分故捨。三由一時(8)二根倶起故捨。四由善根斷故捨。  優波婆娑(9)護。由前四因故捨。復由夜盡故捨。  合此爲五。(10)故説捨因有五。  何因由此五故捨。  由生有教(11)與求受故意相違故。依止不住故。依止變異(12)故。縁起斷故。引如此量故。 
(26)論曰。言調伏者意顯律儀。由此能令根調(27)伏故。  唯除近住所餘七種別解律儀。由四(28)縁捨。  See the previous record  一由意樂對有解人發有表業捨(29)學處故。二由棄捨衆同分故。三由二形倶(79b1)時生故。四由所因善根斷故。  捨近住戒由(2)前四縁及由夜盡。  是故總説別解律儀由五(3)縁捨。  何縁捨戒由此五縁。  與受相違表業(4)生故。所依捨故。所依變故。所因斷故。過期(5)限故。 
               
patanīyena cety eke 
偈曰。餘記感大(13)燒 
See the full verse quoted previously 
 
anye punar āhuś caturṇāṃ patanīyānām anyatamena bhikṣuśrāmaṇerasaṃvaratyāga iti | 
釋曰。有餘部説。有四種感大燒燃罪。由隨(14)犯一罪。即捨比丘及沙彌護。 
有餘部説。於四極重感墮罪中。若隨(6)犯一亦捨勤策苾芻律儀。 
 
saddhamantir dhito ’pare | 
偈曰。或由正法(15)盡。 
See the full verse quoted previously 
 
saddharmasyāntardhānādity apare |  yasmād antarhite saddharme sarvaśikṣāsīmākarmāntāḥ pratiprasrabhyanta iti | 
釋曰。有餘師説。  由正法滅盡時。一切學處(16)戒壇羯磨一切捨離。 
有餘部言。  由正(7)法滅亦能令捨別解律儀。以法滅時一切(8)學處結界羯磨皆止息故。 
   
dhanarṇavat tu kāśmīrair āpannasyeṣyate dvayam || 4.39 || 
偈曰。罽賓師説犯。有二(17)如負財。 
See the full verse quoted previously 
 
kāśmīrās tu khalu vaibhāṣikāḥ evam icchanti |  na maulīmadhyāpattim āpannasyāsti bhikṣusaṃvaratyāgaḥ |  kiṃ kāraṇam | na hy ekadeśakṣobhāt kṛtsna saṃvaratyāgo yukta iti |  naiva cānyām apy āpatti māpannasyāsti śīlacchedaḥ | kiṃ tarhi |  dvayamasya bhavati śīlaṃ dauḥśīlyaṃ ca |  yathā kasyaciddhanaṃ syād ṛṇaṃ ca |  āviṣkṛtāyāṃ tu tasyāmāpattau śīlavānbhavati na duḥśīlo yathā ṛṇaṃ śodhayitvā dhanavānbhavati na tvṛṇavāniti |  yat tarhi bhagavatoktam “bhikṣurbhavatyaśramaṇo ’śākyaputrīyo dhvasyate bhikṣubhāvāt |”  katamasya bhavati śrāmaṇyaṃ dhvastaṃ patitaṃ parājitam iti |  paramārthabhikṣutvaṃ saṃdhāyaitad uktam |  idamabhisāhasaṃ vartate | kimatrābhisāhasam |  yat bhagavatā nītārthaṃ punar anyathā nīyate |  dauḥśīlyāya ca bahukleśebhyaḥ pratyayā dīyante |  katham eta nītārtham |  eṣa hi vinaye nirdeṣaḥ | “caturvidho bhikṣuḥ |  saṃjñābhikṣuḥ pratijñābhikṣurbhikṣata iti bhikṣur bhinnakleśatvāt bhikṣuḥ |  asmiṃstvarthe jñapticaturthakarmopasaṃpanno bhikṣur ” iti |  na cāsau pūrvaṃ paramārthabhikṣurāsīdyataḥ paścād abhikṣurbhavet yac coktamekadeśakṣobhāditi atra śāstraiva datto ’nuyoga “stadyathā tālo mastakācchinno ’bhavyo ’ṅkuritatvāya abhavyo viruḍhiṃ vṛddhiṃ vipulatāmāptu” mityupamāṃ kurvatā |  kaḥ punar ūpamārthaḥ |  evam ekadeśa syāpi mūlabhūtasya cchedādabhavyaḥ saṃvaraśeṣo viroḍum iti |  sa ca gurvīṃ bhikṣubhāvam aryādābhedinīṃ maulīm āpattim āpadyamānas tīvrānapatrāpyayogāt saṃvarasya mūlaṃ cchinattīti yuktaḥ kṛtsnasaṃvaratyāgaḥ |  yasya caikagrāsaparibhogo ’pyekapāda pārṣṇirpradeśaparibhogo ’pi ca nābhyanujñāyate sāṃghikayorāhāravihārayoḥ sarvabhikṣusaṃbhogabahiṣkṛtaś ca śāstrā yaṃ cādhikṛtyoktaṃ | 
釋曰。罽賓國毘婆沙師執説如此。  若(18)人犯根本罪。不捨比丘戒。  何以故。由動壞(19)一處捨一切護。此不應然。  犯別學處。餘學處(20)斷。無如此義。  雖然此人有二種。有戒有破戒。  (21)譬如有人有財物而負他債。  發露顯示此罪(22)已。還得具清淨戒。無復破戒。譬如有人還他(23)債已更具財。  若爾云何。佛世尊説。此人非(24)比丘。非沙門。非釋子。從比丘護沙門義斷。  (25)墮滅退故。説名波羅夷。  約眞實比丘故説此(26)言。  今不計命大過事起。何者不計命大過事。  (27)是佛世尊立爲了義。汝翻此爲不了義。  於破(28)戒與縁。於多煩惱人。爲作犯縁。  云何知此言(29)是了義。  此言於毘那耶中是決判説。毘那耶(236a1)云。比丘有四種。  一名比丘。二自稱比丘。三乞(2)者比丘。四破煩惱比丘。  於此義中白四羯磨(3)受戒。説爲名比丘。  此人先是眞實比丘。後成(4)非比丘。無如此義。是汝所言。由犯一處。所餘(5)不失。此中大師已與決判。譬如多羅樹。於頭(6)被斫。更不生荑。不應成老。不應成長。不應成(7)大。世尊作如此譬。  欲顯何義。  如此由破一分(8)根本故。所餘護無更生起義。  若人犯根本罪(9)最重。能破一切比丘行。與最重無慚羞相應(10)故。此人即斷一切護根本。是故捨一切護。此(11)義應然。  何以故。於大衆食及住處。佛不許此(12)人噉一段食。踐一脚跟地。此人大師所擯出(13)一切大衆事用外。約此人佛復説言。 
迦濕彌羅國毘婆(9)沙師言。  犯根本罪時不捨出家戒。  所以然(10)者。非犯一邊一切律儀應遍捨故。  非犯(11)餘罪有斷尸羅。  然有二名。謂持犯戒。  如有(12)財者負他債時名爲富人及負債者。  若於(13)所犯發露悔除名具尸羅。不名犯戒。如還(14)債已但名富人。  若爾何縁薄伽梵説犯四(15)重者不名苾芻。不名沙門非釋迦子。破(16)苾芻體害沙門性。  壞滅墮落立他勝名。  依(17)勝義苾芻密意作是説。  此言兇勃。兇勃者(18)何。  謂於世尊了義所説以別義釋令成不(19)了。  與多煩惱者爲犯重罪縁。  寧知此言是(20)了義説。  由律自釋有四苾芻。  一名想苾芻。(21)二自稱苾芻。三乞匃苾芻。四破惑苾芻。  此義(22)中言非苾芻者。謂非白四羯磨受具足戒(23)苾芻。  非此苾芻先是勝義。後由犯重成非(24)苾芻。故知此言是了義説。然彼所説。非犯(25)一邊一切律儀應遍捨者。彼言便是徴詰(26)大師。大師此中立如是喩。如多羅樹若被(27)斷頭必不復能生長廣大。諸苾芻等犯重(28)亦然。大師此中  喩顯何義。  意顯於戒隨犯(29)一邊根本重罪。令餘所受必不復能生長廣(79c1)大。  謂彼毀犯諸重罪時。違越苾芻根本行(2)故。與極猛利無慚無愧共相應故。行根既斷。(3)理應遍捨一切律儀。  又犯重人世尊不許(4)食僧祇食下至一摶。踐毘訶羅一足跟(5)地。擯出一切苾芻事業。大師依彼説如是(6)言。 
                                           
“nāśayata kāraṇḍavakaṃ kaśambakamapakarṣata |
athotplāvinaṃ vāhayata abhikṣuṃ bhikṣuvādinam” iti || 
汝等應(14)滅除甘蔗栽。拔棄空腹樹。簸却無實穀。汝今(15)應遮斷。非比丘自稱爲比丘。 
應速拔除稻禾稗莠。應速簡棄腐朽棟(7)梁。應速簸颺種中穅秕。如是應速驅擯衆(8)中實非苾芻稱苾芻者。 
 
tasya kīdṛśo bhikṣubhāvaḥ | yādṛśas tādṛśo ’stu | asti tu bhikṣubhāvaḥ | 
於此人比丘法(16)何相。如相是相。雖然不無比丘法。 
彼苾芻體其相如(9)何。隨相是何體必應有。 
 
tathā hi “catvāraḥ śramaṇā na pañcamo ’sti cundeti” 
何以故。佛(17)世尊説。准陀沙門但四。無有第五。 
以世尊説准他(10)當知有四沙門。更無第五。 
 
bhagavān avocat 
See the previous record 
See the previous record 
 
“mārgajino mārgadeśiko mārge jīvati yaś ca mārgadūṣī” asty etad uktam | 
四者。一道(18)生。二説道。三道活。四汚壞道。有如此説。 
所言四者。一勝(11)道沙門。二示道沙門。三命道沙門。四汚道沙(12)門。雖有此説 
 
sa tv eṣa ākṛtimātrāvaśeṣatvācchamaṇa ukto dagdhakāṣṭhaśuṣkahladaśukanāśā pūtivījālātacakramṛtasattvavat |  yadi hi dauḥśīlyād abhikṣuḥ syāt śikṣādattako na syāt |  na vayaṃ brūmaḥ sahādhyāpattyā sarvaḥ pārājikaḥ iti |  yas tu pārājikaḥ so ’vaśyamabhikṣuḥ |  kaścit tu saṃtānaviśeṣān na pārājika ekacittenāpy apraticchādanād iti vyavasthāpitaṃ dharmasvāminā |  yadi tarhi pārājiko na bhikṣuḥ kiṃ punar na pravrājyate |  tīvrānapatrāpy avipāditatvāt saṃtateḥ saṃvarābhavyatvān na tu khalu bhikṣubhāvāpekṣayā |  tathā hy asau nikṣiptaśikṣo ’pi na pravrājyate |  kaścāyamanarthe nirbandho yadyasau tathābhūto ’pi bhikṣur namo ’stu tasmai tādṛśāya bhikṣutvāya |  saddharmāntardhāne bu vinayakarmābhāvādapūrvasaṃvaralābho nāsti |  labdhasya tu nāsti tyāgaḥ | 
此(19)人唯相貌爲餘故。説爲沙門。譬如燒木枯池(20)鸚鵡嘴壞種子火輪死衆生等。  若由破戒成(21)非比丘。不應成與學比丘。  我等不説。一切犯(22)戒人。由犯戒事。即成波羅夷。  若波羅夷人。必(23)定非比丘。  有餘人由相續勝異。雖犯而非波(24)羅夷。由一心不敢覆藏故。法主安立律義如(25)此。  若波羅夷非比丘。云何不更許出家。  由相(26)續爲最重無慚羞所壞。於護不能感生故如(27)焦種子。不由觀有比丘法故。  何以故。此人若(28)已捨戒。亦不許更出家故。  於此毀損。功用何(29)益若人已成如此。猶名比丘。勿然此爲比丘(236b1)義。  由正法滅盡毘那耶羯磨無故。不更得新(2)護。  若已得不捨。 
而彼唯有餘沙門相故名沙(13)門。如被燒材假鸚鵡&T072334;涸池敗種火輪死人。  (14)若犯重人非苾芻者。則應無有授學苾芻。  (15)不説犯重人皆成他勝罪。  但成他勝罪。定(16)説非苾芻。  謂或有人相續殊勝。雖犯極重(17)戒而非他勝罪。由彼無有一念覆心。法主(18)世尊制立如是。  若犯他勝便非苾芻。何不(19)重令出家受戒。  由彼相續已爲極重無慚(20)愧懷。無力能發出家律儀。如蕉種故。非(21)觀彼有苾芻律儀故  不重令出家受戒。所(22)以然者。設彼後時謂是苾芻更捨所學亦(23)不許彼重出家故。  於此無義苦救何爲。若(24)如是人猶有苾芻性。應自歸禮如是類苾(25)芻。  正法滅時雖無一切結界羯磨及毘奈耶(26)未得律儀無新得理。  而先得者無有捨義。 
                     
atha dhyānānāsravasaṃvarayoḥ kathaṃ tyāgaḥ | 
復次定生護及無流護。棄捨(3)云何。 
(27)靜慮無漏二律儀等。云何當捨。 
 
bhūmisaṃcārahānibhyāṃ dhyānāptaṃ tyajyate śubham | 
偈曰。由度地及退。棄捨定得善。 
頌曰(28)捨定生善法 由易地退等
(29)捨聖由得果 練根及退失 
 
sarvam eva dhyānāptaṃ kuśalaṃ dvābhyāṃ kāraṇābhyāṃ parityajyate |  upapattito vā bhūmisaṃcārādūrdhvaṃ cāvaśyaṃ parihāṇito vā samāpatternikāyasabhāgatvāc ca kiñcit |  yathā ca rūpāptaṃ kuśalaṃ bhūmisaṃcārahānibhyāṃ tyajyate 
釋曰。(4)一切定得善法。由二因縁捨離。  或由受上地(5)生度餘地。或由退上定墮下地。或由捨聚同(6)分。  復次如色界定得善。由度餘地退及棄捨。 
(80a1)論曰。諸靜慮地所繋善法由二縁捨。  一由易(2)地。謂從下地生上地時。或上地沒來生下(3)地。二由得退。謂從已獲勝定功徳還退失(4)時。等言爲顯捨衆同分亦捨少分殊勝善(5)根。  如色界中所有善法由易地退捨。 
     
tathārūpyāptam āryaṃ tu phalāptyuttaptihānibhiḥ || 4.40 || 
(7)偈曰。無色亦爾。釋曰。於無色界定得善。約度(8)餘地及退亦爾。唯無定戒。偈曰。聖得果練根(9)退。 
無色界(6)亦然。唯無律儀與色界異。[See aslo the full verse quoted previously] 
 
Go to Wiki Documentation
Enhet: Det humanistiske fakultet   Utviklet av: IT-seksjonen ved HF
Login