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Euclid: Elementa

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PROPOSITION 10. 
 
第十題二支 
Of magnitudes which have a ratio to the same, that which has a greater ratio is greater; and that to which the same has a greater ratio is less. 
 
彼此兩幾何。此幾何、與他幾何之比例。大於彼與他之比例。則此幾何、大於彼。他幾何、與彼幾何之比例。大於他與此之比例。則彼幾何、小於此。 
For let A have to C a greater ratio than B has to C;  I say that A is greater than B. 
   
   
For, if not, A is either equal to B or less.  Now A is not equal to B;  for in that case each of the magnitudes A, B would have had the same ratio to C; [V. 7]  but they have not; therefore A is not equal to B.  Nor again is A less than B;  for in that case A would have had to C a less ratio than B has to C; [V. 8]  but it has not; therefore A is not less than B.  But it was proved not to be equal either;  therefore A is greater than B. 
                 
                 
Again, let C have to B a greater ratio than C has to A;  I say that B is less than A. 
   
   
For, if not, it is either equal or greater.  Now B is not equal to A;  for in that case C would have had the same ratio to each of the magnitudes A, B; [V. 7]  but it has not; therefore A is not equal to B.  Nor again is B greater than A;  for in that case C would have had to B a less ratio than it has to A; [V. 8]  but it has not; therefore B is not greater than A.  But it was proved that it is not equal either;  therefore B is less than A. 
                 
                 
Therefore etc.  Q. E. D. 
   
   
 
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