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Euclid: Elementa

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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionTitle
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPreface
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PROPOSITION 18. 
 
 
Between two similar plane numbers there is one mean proportional number; and the plane number has to the plane number the ratio duplicate of that which the corresponding side has to the corresponding side. 
 
 
Let A, B be two similar plane numbers, and let the numbers C, D be the sides of A, and E, F of B.  Now, since similar plane numbers are those which have their sides proportional, [VII. Def. 21] therefore, as C is to D, so is E to F.  I ssay then that between A, B there is one mean proportional number, and A has to B the ratio duplicate of that which C has to E, or D to F, that is, of that which the corresponding side has to the corresponding side. 
     
     
Now since, as C is to D, so is E to F, therefore, alternately, as C is to E, so is D to F. [VII. 13]  And, since A is plane, and C, D are its sides, therefore D by multiplying C has made A.  For the same reason also E by multiplying F has made B.  Now let D by multiplying E make G.  Then, since D by multiplying C has made A, and by multiplying E has made G,  therefore, as C is to E, so is A to G. [VII. 17]  But, as C is to E, so is D to F;  therefore also, as D is to F, so is A to G.  Again, since E by multiplying D has made G, and by multiplying F has made B,  therefore, as D is to F, so is G to B. [VII. 17]  But it was also proved that, as D is to F, so is A to G;  therefore also, as A is to G, so is G to B.  Therefore A, G, B are in continued proportion.  Therefore between A, B there is one mean proportional number. 
                           
                           
I say next that A also has to B the ratio duplicate of that which the corresponding side has to the corresponding side,  that is, of that which C has to E or D to F.  For, since A, G, B are in continued proportion, A has to B the ratio duplicate of that which it has to G. [V. Def. 9]  And, as A is to G, so is C to E, and so is D to F.  Therefore A also has to B the ratio duplicate of that which C has to E or D to F.  Q. E. D. 
           
           
 
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