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Euclid: Elementa

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PROPOSITION 33. 
THEOR. 23. PROPOS. 33. 
第三十三題三支 
In equal circles angles have the same ratio as the circumferences on which they stand, whether they stand at the centres or at the circumferences. 
IN aequalibus circulis, anguli eandem habent rationem cum peripherijs, quibus insistunt, sive ad centra, sive ad peripherias constituti insistant: Insuper vero et sectores, quippe qui ad centra consistunt. 
等圜之乘圜分角。或在心。或在界。其各相當兩乘圜角之比例。皆若所乘兩圜分之比例。而兩分圜形之比例。亦若所乘兩圜分之比例。 
Let ABC, DEF be equal circles, and let the angles BGC, EHF be angles at their centres G, H, and the angles BAC, EDF angles at the circumferences;  I say that, as the circumference BC is to the circumference EF, so is the angle BGC to the angle EHF, and the angle BAC to the angle EDF. 
SINT duo circuli aequales ABC, EFG, quorum centra D, H; sumanturque ex circulis duo arcus quicunque BC, FG, quibus ad centra quidem insistant anguli BDC, FHG; ad circumferentias vero anguli BAC, EFG.  Dico esse ex sententia defin. 6. liber 5. ut arcum BC, ad arcum FG, ira angulum BDC, ad angulum FHG, et angulum BAC, ad angulum EFG; et sectorem insuper BDC, qui rectis BD, DC, et arcu BC, continetur ad sectorem FHG; quem comprehendunt rectae FH, HG, et arcus FG. 
解曰甲乙丙、戊己庚、兩圜等。其心為丁、為辛。兩圜各任割一圜分為乙丙、為己庚。其乘圜角之在心者。為乙丁丙、己辛庚。在界者。為乙甲丙、己戊庚。  題先言乙丙、與己庚、兩圜分之比例。若乙丁丙、與己辛庚、兩角。次言乙甲丙、與己戊庚、兩角之比例。若乙丙、與己庚、兩圜分。後言乙丁、丁丙、兩腰、偕乙丙圜分、內乙丁丙分圜形。 與己辛、辛庚、兩腰、偕己庚圜分、內己辛庚分圜形、之比例。亦若乙丙、與己庚、兩圜分。 
For let any number of consecutive circumferences CK, KL be made equal to the circumference BC,  and any number of consecutive circumferences FM, MN equal to the circumference EF;  and let GK, GL, HM, HN be joined. 
     
     
Then, since the circumferences BC, CK, KL are equal to one another,  the angles BGC, CGK, KGL are also equal to one another; [III. 27]  therefore, whatever multiple the circumference BL is of BC,  that multiple also is the angle BGL of the angle BGC.  For the same reason also, whatever multiple the circumference NE is of EF,  that multiple also is the angle NHE of the angle EHF.  If then the circumference BL is equal to the circumference EN,  the angle BGL is also equal to the angle EHN; [III. 27]  if the circumference BL is greater than the circumference EN,  the angle BGL is also greater than the angle EHN; and, if less, less.  There being then four magnitudes,  two circumferences BC, EF,  and two angles BGC, EHF,  there have been taken, of the circumference BC and the angle BGC equimultiples, namely the circumference BL and the angle BGL,  and of the circumference EF and the angle EHF equimultiples, namely the circumference EN and the angle EHN.  And it has been proved that, if the circumference BL is in excess of the circumference EN,  the angle BGL is also in excess of the angle EHN;  if equal, equal; and if less, less.  Therefore, as the circumference BC is to EF, so is the angle BGC to the angle EHF. [V. Def. 5]  But, as the angle BGC is to the angle EHF, so is the angle BAC to the angle EDF;  for they are doubles respectively.  Therefore also, as the circumference BC is to the circumference EF, so is the angle BGC to the angle EHF, and the angle BAC to the angle EDF. 
                                           
                                           
Therefore etc.  Q. E. D. 
   
   
BOOK VΙΙ. 
 
 
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