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Euclid: Elementa

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PROPOSITION 5. 
 
 
Plane numbers have to one another the ratio compounded of the ratios of their sides. 
 
 
Let A, B be plane numbers, and let the numbers C, D be the sides of A, and E, F of B;  I say that A has to B the ratio compounded of the ratios of the sides. 
   
   
For, the ratios being given which C has to E and D to F, let the least numbers G, H, K that are continuously in the ratios C : E, D : F be taken,  so that, as C is to E, so is G to H,  and, as D is to F, so is H to K. [VIII. 4]  And let D by multiplying E make L. 
       
       
Now, since D by multiplying C has made A, and by multiplying E has made L,  therefore, as C is to E, so is A to L. [VII. 17]  But, as C is to E, so is G to H;  therefore also, as G is to H, so is A to L.  Again, since E by multiplying D has made L,  and further by multiplying F has made B,  therefore, as D is to F, so is L to B. [VII. 17]  But, as D is to F, so is H to K;  therefore also, as H is to K, so is L to B.  But it was also proved that, as G is to H, so is A to L;  therefore, ex aequali, as G is to K, so is A to B. [VII. 14]  But G has to K the ratio compounded of the ratios of the sides;  therefore A also has to B the ratio compounded of the ratios of the sides.  Q. E. D. 
                           
                           
 
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