Bibliotheca Polyglotta

de nas re źig dus na ’jam po’i rtswa rnams daṅ | | khu byug pho ni gyen du skaṅ ’don rkaṅ ’thuṅ rnams | | glu (2)rnams raṅ ni ṅes ldan skyed mos tshal rnams ni | | padma’i ’byuṅ gnas kyis brgyan des ni thos par gyur | |

188. Without are pleasant garden glades, flowing fountains, pure refreshing lakes, with every kind of flower, and trees with fruit, arranged in rows, deep shade beneath.
189. There, too, are various kinds of wondrous birds, flying and sporting in the midst, and on the surface of the water the four kinds of flowers, bright colour’d, giving out their floating scent;

1. On a certain day he heard of the forests carpeted with tender grass, with their trees resounding with the kokilas, adorned with lotus-ponds, and which had been all bound up in the cold season.

śrutvā tataḥ strījanavallabhānāṃ manojñabhāvaṃ purakānanānām |
bahiḥprayāṇāya cakāra buddhim antargṛhe nāga ivāvaruddhaḥ || 3.2 ||

(11)² 伎女因奏樂弦歌告太子
(12)太子聞音樂歎美彼園林
(13)内懷甚踊悦思樂出遊觀
(14)猶如繋狂象常慕閑曠野」

2. 伎＝妓＜元＞＜明＞

de nas bud med skye bo rnams ni dga’ ba yi | | groṅ khyer skyed mos tsha la gyi yid ’oṅ dṅos thos te | |
khyim gyi naṅ du mṅon par bkag pa’i glu bźin du | | phyi rol rab (3)tu ’gro ba’i ched du blo mdzad do | |

190. Minstrel maidens cause their songs, and chorded music, to invite the prince. He, hearing the sounds of singing, sighs for the pleasures of the garden shades,
191. And cherishing within these happy thoughts, he dwelt upon the joys of an outside excursion; even as the chained elephant ever longs for the free desert wilds.

2. Having heard of the delightful appearance of the city groves beloved by the women, he resolved to go out of doors, like an elephant long shut up in a house.

tato nṛpas tasya niśamya bhāvaṃ putrābhidhānasya manorathasya |
snehasya lakṣmyā vayasaś ca yogyām ājñāpayām āsa vihārayātrām || 3.3 ||

(15)父王聞太子樂出彼園遊
(16)即勅諸群臣嚴飾備羽儀

de nas sras su mṅon brjod yid ’oṅ de yi ni | | dgoṅs pa mi skyoṅ gis ni ṅes par thos gyur nas | |
brtse ba’i phun sum tshogs pas laṅ tshor ’ods pa ru | | ltad mo dag la rnam par gśegs par bka’ stsal to | |

192. The royal father, hearing that the prince would enjoy to wander through the gardens, first ordered all his attendant officers to adorn and arrange them, after their several offices:

3. The king, having learned the character of the wish thus expressed by his son, ordered a pleasure-party to be prepared, worthy of his own affection and his son’s beauty and youth.

nivartayām āsa ca rājamārge saṃpātam ārtasya pṛthagjanasya |
mā bhūt kumāraḥ sukumāracittaḥ saṃvignacetā iti² manyamānaḥ || 3.4 ||

2. EBC: iva.

(17)平治³ 正王路并除諸醜穢
(18)老病形殘類羸劣貧窮苦
(19)無令少樂子見起厭惡心」

3. 正王＝王正＜元＞＜明＞

gźon nu śin tu gźon nu’i (4)sems daṅ ldan pa ni | | yaṅ dag skyo ba’i sems su ma gyur źes sems źiṅ | |
ñam thag tha dad skye bo kun nas ’dus pa ni | | rgyal po’i lam du phyir la rnam par zlog pa ste | |

193. To make level and smooth the king’s highway, to remove from the path all offensive matter, all old persons, diseased or deformed, all those suffering through poverty or great grief,
194. So that his son in his present humour might see nothing likely to afflict his heart.

4. He prohibited the encounter of any afflicted common person in the highroad; ‘heaven forbid that the prince with his tender nature should even imagine himself to be distressed.’

pratyaṅgahīnān vikalendriyāṃś ca jīrṇāturādīn kṛpaṇāṃś ca dikṣu³ |
tataḥ samutsārya pareṇa sāmnā śobhāṃ parāṃ⁴ rājapathasya cakruḥ || 3.5 ||

3. EBC: bhikṣūn. 4. EBC: parā.

ñiṅ lag dman pa rnams daṅ dbaṅ po ma chiṅ rnams | | ’khogs pa nad pa la sogs brken rnams phyogs rnams (5)su | |
de nas mchog tu źi bas yaṅ dag rab ston nas | | rgyal po’i lam rnams dag ni mchog tu mdzes par byas | |

5. Then having removed out of the way with the greatest gentleness all those who had mutilated limbs or maimed senses, the decrepit and the sick and all squalid beggars, they made the highway assume its perfect beauty.

tataḥ kṛte śrīmati rājamārge śrīmān vinītānucaraḥ kumāraḥ |
prāsādapṛṣṭhād avatīrya kāle kṛtābhyanujño nṛpam abhyagacchat || 3.6 ||

de nas dpal ldan rgyal po’i lam ni byas pa na | | dpal ldan rnam par dul ba rjes ’braṅs gźon nu ni | |
gźal yas khaṅ pa’i logs nas dus su mṅon babs nas | | (6)mṅon par rjes gnaṅ byas pa mi skyoṅ la mṅon gśegs | |

6. Along this road thus made beautiful, the fortunate prince with his well-trained attendants came down one day at a proper time from the roof of the palace and went to visit the king by his leave.

atho narendraḥ sutam āgatāśruḥ śirasy upāghrāya ciraṃ nirīkṣya |
gaccheti cājñāpayati sma vācā snehān na cainaṃ manasā mumoca || 3.7 ||

(20)莊嚴悉備已啓請求拜辭
(21)王見太子至摩頭瞻顏色
(22)悲喜情交結口許而心留

de nas mi dbaṅ bu la mchi ma byuṅ gyur te | | mgo la ñe bar bsnams te yun riṅs rnam gzigs nas | |
soṅ cig ces ni tshig gi bka’ dag stsal gyur la | | brtse ba dag las de ni yid kyis ma btaṅ ṅo | |

The adornments being duly made, the prince was invited to an audience;
195. The king seeing his son approach, patted his head and looking at the colour of his face, feelings of sorrow and joy intermingled, bound him. His mouth willing to speak, his heart restrained.

7. Then the king, with tears rising to his eyes, having smelt his son’s head and long gazed upon him, gave him his permission, saying, ‘Go;’ but in his heart through affection he could not let him depart.

tataḥ sa jāmbūnadabhāṇḍabhṛdbhir yuktaṃ caturbhir nibhṛtais turaṃgaiḥ |
aklībavidvac⁵ chuciraśmidhāraṃ hiraṇmayaṃ syandanam āruroha || 3.8 ||

5. EBC: vidyuc.

(23)衆寶軒飾車結駟駿平流
(24)賢良善術藝年少美姿容
(25)妙淨鮮花服同車爲執御

de nas de (7)ni ’dzam bu chu gser sga ’dzin pa’i | | legs par bslabs pa’i mgyogs ’gro bźi yis sbyar ba yi | |
dbaṅ po ma ñams mkhas śiṅ gtsaṅ la ’od zer ’chaṅ | | gser gyi raṅ bźin śiṅ rta la ni yaṅ dag ’dzegs | |

196. (Now see) the jewel-fronted gaudy chariot; the four equally-pacing, stately horses; good-tempered and well-trained; young and of graceful appearance;
197. Perfectly pure and white, and draped with flowery coverings. In the same chariot stands the (stately) driver;

8. He then mounted a golden chariot, adorned with reins bright like flashing lightning, and yoked with four gentle horses, all wearing golden trappings.

tataḥ prakīrṇojjvalapuṣpajālaṃ viṣaktamālyaṃ pracalatpatākam |
mārgaṃ prapede sadṛśānuyātraś candraḥ sanakṣatra ivāntarīkṣam || 3.9 ||

(26)街巷散衆華寶縵蔽路傍
(27)垣樹列道側寶器以莊嚴
(28)繒蓋諸幢幡繽紛隨風⁴ 揚

4. 揚＝＜三＞

de nas ’bras spos me tog ’bar ba rab bkram źiṅ | | phreṅ ba (10b1)rnam dbyaṅs rab tu g-yo ba’i ba dan can | |
zla ba skar ma daṅ bcas bar snaṅ la bźin du | | ’dra ba rjes ’braṅ lam ni rab tu thob par gyur | |

the streets were scattered over with flowers; precious drapery fixed on either side of the way,
198. With dwarfed trees lining the road, costly vessels employed for decoration, hanging canopies and variegated banners, silken curtains, moved by the rustling breeze,

9. With a worthy retinue he entered the road which was strewn with heaps of gleaming flowers, with garlands suspended and banners waving, like the moon with its asterism entering the sky.

kautūhalāt sphītataraiś ca netrair nīlotpalārdhair⁶ iva kīryamāṇam⁷ |
śanaiḥ śanai rājapathaṃ jagāhe pauraiḥ samantād abhivīkṣyamāṇaḥ || 3.10 ||

6. EBC: nīlotpalābhair. 7. EBC: kīryamāṇaḥ.

(29)觀者⁵ 挾長路側身目⁶ 連光
(5c1)瞪矚而不瞬如並青蓮花

5. 挾＝侠＜三＞ 6. 連＝運＜三＞

ya mtshan gyur las rab tu rgyas pa’i mig rnams ni | | autpal sṅon po’i phyed ’dra rnams kyis bkram pa ni | |
rgyal po’i lam la dal bu (2)dal bus gśegs gyur te | | groṅ khyer skye bo rnams kyis kun nas mṅon par dga’ | |

199. Spectators arranged on either side of the path. With bodies bent and glistening eyes, eagerly gazing, but not rudely staring, as the blue lotus flower (they bent) drooping in the air,

10. Slowly, slowly he passed along the highway, watched on every side by the citizens, and beshowered by their eyes opened wide with curiosity like blue lotuses.

taṃ tuṣṭuvuḥ saumyaguṇena kecid vavandire dīptatayā tathānye |
saumukhyatas tu śriyam asya kecid vaipulyam āśaṃsiṣur āyuṣaś ca || 3.11 ||

(2)臣民悉扈從如星隨宿王
(3)異口同聲歎稱慶世希有

kha cig de la źi ba’i yon tan gyis bstod la | | de bźin źan rnams gsal ba ñid kyis phyag ’tshal źiṅ | |
kha cig dag ni ’di la mṅon du phyogs nas kyaṅ | | dpal daṅ tshe yi rnam par rgyas la (3)śis pa brjod | |

200. Ministers and attendants flocking round him, as stars following the chief of the constellation; all uttering the same suppressed whisper of admiration, at a sight so seldom seen in the world;

11. Some praised him for his gentle disposition, others hailed him for his glorious appearance, others eulogised his beauty from his fine countenance and desired for him length of days.

niḥsṛtya kubjāś ca mahākulebhyo vyūhāś ca kairātakavāmanānām |
nāryaḥ kṛśebhyaś ca niveśanebhyo devānuyānadhvajavat praṇemuḥ || 3.12 ||

(4)貴賤及貧富長幼及中年
(5)悉皆恭敬禮唯願令吉祥

źar ba sgur po nad pa mi’u thuṅ rnams kyis | | tshogs pa rnams ni rigs chen rnams la ṅes dral nas | |
mi mo rnams ni ṅes par źugs gnas phra rnams las | | lha yi rjes ’gro rgyal mtshan bźin du rab tu btud | |

201. Rich and poor, humble and exalted, old and young and middle-aged, all paid the greatest respect, and invoked blessings on the occasion:

12. Hump-backed men coming out from the great families, and troops of foresters and dwarfs, and women coming out from the meaner houses bowed down like the banners of some procession of the gods.

tataḥ kumāraḥ khalu gacchatīti śrutvā striyaḥ preṣyajanāt pravṛttim |
didṛkṣayā harmyatalāni jagmur janena mānyena kṛtābhyanujñāḥ || 3.13 ||

(6)郭邑及田里聞太子當出
(7)尊卑不待辭寤寐不相告

de nas gźon nu ṅes par gśegs źes (4)gtam dag ni | | bsgo bya skyes las bud med rnams kyis thob gyur na | |
bkur ’os skye bos mṅon par rjes gnaṅ byas pa rnams | | blta bar ’dod pas ldiṅ khaṅ śod du soṅ bar gyur | |

202. So the country-folk and the town-folk, hearing that the prince was coming forth, the well-to-do not waiting for their servants, those asleep and awake not mutually calling to one another,

13. Hearing the news, ‘the prince is going out,’ from the attendants of the female apartments, the women hastened to the roofs of the different mansions, having obtained the leave of their lords.

tāḥ srastakāñcīguṇavighnitāś ca suptaprabuddhākulalocanāś ca |
vṛttāntavinyastavibhūṣaṇāś ca kautūhalenānibhṛtāḥ⁸ parīyuḥ || 3.14 ||

8. EBC: kautūhalenāpi bhṛtāḥ.

(8)六畜不遑收錢財不及斂
(9)門戸不容閉奔馳走路傍

yon tan ska rags brul źiṅ gegs byas de rnams ni | | gñid log rab tu sad pas lta (5)byed ’khrugs pa rnams | |
gnas lugs gtam gyis rnam par brgyan rnams rnam gźag ste | | ya mtshan gyur pas dogs med par ni yoṅs su soṅ | |

203. The six kinds of creatures not gathered together and penned, the money not collected and locked up, the doors and gates not fastened, all went pouring along the way on foot;

14. Hindered by the strings of their girdles which had slipped down, with their eyes bewildered as just awakened from sleep, and with their ornaments hastily put on in the stir of the news, and filled with curiosity, they crowded round;

prāsādasopānatalapraṇādaiḥ kāñcīravair nūpuranisvanaiś ca |
vitrāsayantyo⁹ gṛhapakṣisaṃghān anyo’nyavegāṃś ca samākṣipantyaḥ || 3.15 ||

9. EBC: vibhrāmayantyo.

(10)樓閣堤塘樹窓牖衢巷間
(11)側身競容目瞪矚觀無厭

gźal yas khaṅ gi skas kyi ’og gi sgra rab daṅ | | dril chuṅ sgra rnams daṅ ni gdu bu’i sgra rnams kyis | |
rnam par skrag gyur khyim gyi (6)bya yi tshogs rnams ni | | phan tshun śugs rnams las kyaṅ yaṅ dag kun nas gtor | |

204. The towers were filled and the mounds by the trees, the windows and the terraces along the streets; with bent body fearing to lift their eyes, carefully seeing that there was nothing about them to offend,

15. Frightening the flocks of birds which lived in the houses, with the noise of their girdles and the jingling of their anklets which resounded on the staircases and roofs of the mansions, and mutually reproaching one another for their hurry.

kāsāṃcid āsāṃ tu varāṅganānāṃ jātatvarāṇām api sotsukānām |
gatiṃ gurutvāj jagṛhur viśālāḥ śroṇīrathāḥ pīnapayodharāś ca || 3.16 ||

gaṅ źig ’dir ni yan lag rab mchog ma rnams ni | | myur ba rab tu skyes gyur tsam tsam skyes rnams kyis | |
lo ma ’dzin rnams rgyas śiṅ skyed smad śiṅ rta ni | | yaṅs pa rnams kyis lci ba ñid phyir (7)’gro ba bzuṅ | |

16. Some of these women, even in their haste as they rushed longing to see, were delayed in their going by the weight of their hips and full bosoms.

śīghraṃ samarthāpi tu gantum anyā gatiṃ nijagrāha yayau na tūrṇam |
hriyāpragalbhā vinigūhamānā¹⁰ rahaḥprayuktāni¹¹ vibhūṣaṇāni || 3.17 ||

10. EBC: hriyā pragalbhāni nigūhamānā; Wel: hriyā pragalbhāni vigūhamān.. 11. EBC: rahaḥ prayuktāni; rahaḥ pras+ṣṭāni.

17. Another, though well able to go herself, checked her pace and forbore to run, hiding with shame her ornaments hitherto worn only in seclusion, and now too boldly displayed.

parasparotpīḍanapiṇḍitānāṃ saṃmardasaṃkṣobhita¹² kuṇḍalānām |
tāsāṃ tadā sasvanabhūṣaṇānāṃ vātāyaneṣv apraśamo babhūva || 3.18 ||

12. EBC: saṃśobhita.

phan tshun rab tu bcer bas ril por gyur pa (11a1)rnams | | yaṅ dag drud las bskyod gyur rna luṅ ’khyil ba can | |
de dag rnams kyi de tshe sgra bcas rgyan rnams ni | | rluṅ bgrod skar khuṅ rnams su rab tu źi bar gyur | |

18. There they were restlessly swaying about in the windows, crowded together in the mutual press, with their earrings polished by the continual collision and their ornaments all jingling.

vātāyanebhyas tu viniḥsṛtāni parasparāyāsita¹³ kuṇḍalāni |
strīṇāṃ virejur mukhapaṅkajāni saktāni harmyeṣv iva paṅkajāni || 3.19 ||

13. EBC: paropāsita.

(12)高觀謂投地歩者謂乘虚
(13)意專不自覺形神若雙飛
(14)虔虔恭形觀不生放逸心

rluṅ bgrod skar khuṅ rnams las rnam par mthon pa rnams | | phan tshun thaṅ chen gyur pa’i rna (2)luṅ ’khyil pa rnams | |
bud med rnams kyi ’dam skyes ’dra ba’i ’dam skyes źal | | ldiṅ khaṅ rnams su bkod pa rnams ni rnam par mdzes | |

205. Those seated on high addressing those seated on the ground, those going on the road addressing those passing on high, the mind intent on one object alone; so that if a heavenly form had flown past,
206. Or a form entitled to highest respect, there would have been no distraction visible,

19. The lotus-like faces of the women gleamed while they looked out from the windows with their earrings coming into mutual proximity, as if they were real lotuses fastened upon the houses.

tato vimānair yuvatīkarālaiḥ¹⁴ kautūhalodghāṭitavātayānaiḥ¹⁵ |
śrīmat samantān nagaraṃ babhāse viyadvimānair iva sāpsarobhiḥ || 3.20 ||

14. EBC: kalāpaiḥ. 15. Wel: X[ā]tapān[ai]ḥ.

(15)圓體傭支節色若蓮花敷
(16)今出處園林願成聖法仙

de nas khaṅ bzaṅs laṅ tsho ma rnams kyis khyab ciṅ | | ya mtshan la ni rab phye skar khuṅ rnams kyis ni | |
lha mo daṅ bcas gźal med (3)rnams kyi nam mkha’ bźin | | dpal daṅ ldan pa’i groṅ khyer kun nas mdzes par gyur | |

so intent was the body and so immovable the limbs. And now beautiful as the opening lily,
207. He advances towards the garden glades, wishing to accomplish the words of the holy prophet (Rishi).

20. With the palaces all alive with crowds of damsels, every aperture thrown open in eager curiosity, the magnificent city appeared on every side like heaven with its divine chariots thronged with celestial nymphs.

vātāyanānām aviśālabhāvād anyo’nyagaṇḍārpitakuṇḍalānām |
mukhāni rejuḥ pramadottamānāṃ baddhāḥ kalāpā iva paṅkajānām || 3.21 ||

(17)太子見修塗莊嚴從人衆
(18)服乘鮮光澤欣然心歡悦

skar khuṅ rnams kyis rnam par yaṅs pa ma yin las | | phan tshun ’gram par bkod pa’i rna luṅ can rnams kyis | |
’dam skyes padma rnams kyi tshogs rnams bciṅs pa bźin | | rab (4)myos mchog ma rnams kyi źal ni mdzes par gyur | |

The prince seeing the ways prepared and watered, and the joyous holiday appearance of the people,
208. (Seeing too) the drapery and the chariot pure, bright, shining, his heart exulted greatly and rejoiced.

21. The faces of the beautiful women shone like lotuses wreathed in garlands, while through the narrowness of the windows their earrings were transferred to each other’s cheeks.

taṃ tāḥ¹⁶ kumāraṃ pathi vīkṣamāṇāḥ striyo babhur gām iva gantukāmāḥ |
ūrdhvonmukhāś¹⁷ cainam udīkṣamāṇā narā babhur dyām iva gantukāmāḥ || 3.22 ||

16. EBC: tasmin. 17. Wel: ūrdhvaṃmu[kh]āś.

(19)國人瞻太子嚴儀勝羽從
(20)亦如諸⁷ 天衆見天太子生

7. 天＝王＜三＞

gźon nu de la lam du rnam par blta ba yi | | bud med de rnams sa la ’gro ’dod ltar mdzes śiṅ | |
gyen du gdoṅ phyogs de la rab tu lta ba yi | | mi rnams gnam la ’gro bar ’dod bźin mdzes par gyur | |

The people (on their part) gazed at the prince, so beautifully adorned, with all his retinue,
209. Like an assembled company of kings (gathered) to see a heaven-born prince.

22. Gazing down upon the prince in the road. the women appeared as if longing to fall to the earth; gazing up to him with upturned faces, the men seemed as if longing to rise to heaven.

dṛṣṭvā ca taṃ rājasutaṃ striyas tā jājvalyamānaṃ vapuṣā śriyā ca |
dhanyāsya bhāryeti śanair avocañ¹⁸ śuddhair manobhiḥ khalu nānyabhāvāt || 3.23 ||

18. Wel: .v[oc]u[ḥ].

lus daṅ dpal (5)gyis mchog tu ’bar bar gyur pa yi | | rgyal po’i sras de mthoṅ nas bud med de rnams ni | |
ṅes par dgoṅs pa gźan min bsam pa dag pa yis | | ’di yi chuṅ ma skal pa bzaṅ źes dal bus smra | |

23. Beholding the king’s son thus radiant in his beauty and glory, those women softly whispered, ‘happy is his wife,’ with pure minds and from no baser feeling.

ayaṃ kila vyāyatapīnabāhū rūpeṇa sākṣād iva puṣpaketuḥ |
tyaktvā śriyaṃ dharmam upaiṣyatīti tasmin hi tā¹⁹ gauravam eva cakruḥ || 3.24 ||

19. EBC: hitā.

gzugs kyi dṅos su me tog can daṅ mtshuṅs śiṅ | | rnam par riṅ źiṅ (6)rgyas pa’i dpuṅ pa can ’di ni | |
dpal ñid dor nas chos la ñe bar gśegs źes te | | de la de dag rnams kyis źes kho na byas | |

24. ‘He with the long sturdy arms, who stands in his beauty like the flower-armed god visibly present, will leave his royal pomp and devote himself to religion,’ thus thinking, full of kindly feelings towards him, they all offered reverence.

kīrṇaṃ tathā rājapathaṃ kumāraḥ paurair vinītaiḥ śucidhīraveṣaiḥ |
tat pūrvam ālokya jaharṣa kiṃcin mene punarbhāvam ivātmanaś ca || 3.25 ||

rnam par dul la gtsaṅ źiṅ brtan pa’i cha lugs can | | groṅ pa rnams kyis de ltar rgyal po’i lam khyab pa | |
de ni sṅon du gźon nus mthoṅ nas (7)dga’ bas te | | bdag gi srid pa gźan ma cuṅ źig brtags pa ’dra | |

25. Beholding for the first time that high-road thus crowded with respectful citizens, all dressed in white sedate garments, the prince for a while did feel a little pleasure and thought that it seemed to promise a revival of his youth.

puraṃ tu tat svargam iva prahṛṣṭaṃ śuddhādhivāsāḥ samavekṣya devāḥ |
jīrṇaṃ naraṃ nirmamire prayātuṃ²⁰ saṃcodanārthaṃ kṣitipātmajasya || 3.26 ||

20. Wel: [narann] n[irm]imire prayāntaṃ.

(21)時⁸ 淨居天王忽然在道側
(22)變形衰老相勸生厭離心

8. Śuddhādhivāsa-deva.

groṅ khyer de yaṅ mtho ris bźin du rab dga’ ba | | mṅon par gzigs nas gtsaṅ mar gnas pa’i lha rnams kyis | |
sa gźi skyoṅ ba’i sras po yaṅ dag bskul don du | | ’khogs pa’i mi rgan rab tu ’gro bar (11b1)sprul gyur to | |

And now a Deva-râga of the Pure abode, suddenly appears by the side of the road;
210. His form changed into that of an old man, struggling for life, his heart weak and oppressed.

26. But then the gods, dwelling in pure abodes, having beheld that city thus rejoicing like heaven itself, created an old man to walk along on purpose to stir the heart of the king’s son.

tataḥ kumāro jarayābhibhūtaṃ dṛṣṭvā narebhyaḥ pṛthagākṛtiṃ tam |
uvāca saṃgrāhakam āgatāsthas tatraiva niṣkampaniviṣṭadṛṣṭiḥ || 3.27 ||

(23)太子見老人驚怪問御者

de nas gźon nu yis ni rga bas zil non źiṅ | | mi rnams las ni tha dad dbyibs can de gzigs nas | |
g-yo ba med ciṅ de ñid du ni źugs pa’i spyan | | chags par gyur ciṅ kha lo ’dzin pa la smras so | |

The prince seeing the old man, filled with apprehension, asked his charioteer,

27. The prince having beheld him thus overcome with decrepitude and different in form from other men, with his gaze intently fixed on him, thus addressed his driver with simple confidence:

ka eṣa bhoḥ sūta naro ’bhyupetaḥ keśaiḥ sitair yaṣṭiviṣaktahastaḥ |
bhrūsaṃvṛtākṣaḥ śithilānatāṅgaḥ kiṃ vikriyaiṣā prakṛtir yadṛcchā || 3.28 ||

(24)此是何等人頭白而背僂
(25)目冥身戰搖任杖而羸歩
(26)爲是身卒⁹ 變爲受性自爾

9. 變＝暴＜三＞

mṅon par ñer ’oṅs mi de su yin ’dren pa kye | | skra rnams (2)dkar źiṅ dbyug pa la ni lag pas brten | |
smin mas kun nas mig g-yogs ’khogs śiṅ yan lag druṅ | | rnam ’gyur ’di ni tha mal gaṅ ’dod yin nam ci | |

211. ’What kind of man is this? his head white and his shoulders bent, his eyes bleared and his body withered, holding a stick to support him along the way.
212. ’Is his body suddenly dried up by the heat, or has he been born in this way?’

28. ‘Who is this man that has come here, O charioteer, with white hair and his hand resting on a staff, his eyes hidden beneath his brows, his limbs bent down and hanging loose,--is this a change produced in him or his natural state or an accident?’

ity evam uktaḥ sa rathapraṇetā nivedayām āsa nṛpātmajāya |
saṃrakṣyam apy artham adoṣadarśī tair eva devaiḥ kṛtabuddhimohaḥ || 3.29 ||

(27)御者心躊躇不敢以實答
(28)淨居加神力令其表眞言

de skad ces smra śiṅ rta rab tu ’dren pa po | | lha mchog de rnams ñid kyi blo ni rmoṅs byas śiṅ | |
don ni bsruṅ bya (3)yin yaṅ skyon med mthoṅ gyur te | | de yis sa skyoṅ bdag ñid skyes la ṅes par gsol | |

The charioteer, his heart much embarrassed, scarcely dared to answer truly,
213. Till the pure-born (Deva) added his spiritual power, and caused him to frame a reply in true words:

29. Thus addressed, the charioteer revealed to the king’s son the secret that should have been kept so carefully, thinking no harm in his simplicity, for those same gods had bewildered his mind:

rūpasya hantrī²¹ vyasanaṃ balasya śokasya yonir nidhanaṃ ratīnām |
nāśaḥ smṛtīnāṃ ripur indriyāṇām eṣā jarā nāma yayaiṣa bhagnaḥ || 3.30 ||

21. EBC: hartrī.

(29)色變氣虚微多憂少歡樂
(6a1)喜忘諸根羸是名衰老相

gzugs kyi gnod byed stobs kyi rnam par za ba po | | rgan pa rnams kyi ’joms byed mya ṅan rnams kyi sa | | dran pa rnams kyi ñams byed dbaṅ po rnams kyi dgra | | ’di ni rgas pa źes bya gaṅ gis (4)’di bcom mo | |

’His appearance changed, his vital powers decayed, filled with sorrow, with little pleasure,
214. ’His spirits gone, his members nerveless, these are the indications of what is called "old age."

30. ‘That is old age by which he is broken down,--the ravisher of beauty, the ruin of vigour, the cause of sorrow, the destruction of delights, the bane of memories, the enemy of the senses.

pītaṃ hy anenāpi payaḥ śiśutve kālena bhūyaḥ parisṛptam²² urvyām |
krameṇa bhūtvā ca yuvā vapuṣmān krameṇa tenaiva jarām upetaḥ || 3.31 ||

22. EBC: parimṛṣṭam.

(2)此本爲嬰兒長養於母乳
(3)及童子嬉遊端正恣五欲
(4)年逝形枯朽今爲老所壞

’dis kyaṅ byis pa ñid daṅ ’o ma ’thuṅ gyur ciṅ | | dus kyis la yoṅs su gñid log gyur pa ste | |
rim gyis lus rab ldan pa’i laṅ tshor gyur nas kyaṅ | | rim gyis de ñid kho nas rga bar ñe bar soṅ | |

This man was once a sucking child, brought up and nourished at his mother’s breast,
215. ’And as a youth full of sportive life, handsome, and in enjoyment of the five pleasures; as years passed on, his frame decaying, he is brought now to the waste of age.’

31. ‘He too once drank milk in his childhood, and in course of time he learned to grope on the ground; having step by step become a vigorous youth, he has step by step in the same way reached old age.’

ity evam ukte calitaḥ sa kiṃcid rājātmajaḥ sūtam idaṃ babhāṣe |
kim eṣa doṣo bhavitā mamāpīty asmai tataḥ sārathir abhyuvāca || 3.32 ||

(5)太子長歎息而問御者言
(6)但彼獨衰老吾等亦當然

de skad ces smras rgyal po’i bdag ñid skyes pa ste | | cuṅ źig ’dar (5)la kha lo sgyur la ’di skad smras | |
skyon ’di kho po la yaṅ ’byuṅ ba min nam ci | | de bźin ’di la kha lo sgyur ba yis gsol to | |

216. The prince greatly agitated and moved, asked his charioteer another question and said, ’Is yonder man the only one afflicted with age, or shall I, and others also, be such as he?’

32. Being thus addressed, the prince, starting a little, spoke these words to the charioteer, ‘What! will this evil come to me also?’ and to him again spoke the charioteer:

āyuṣmato ’py eṣa vayaḥprakarṣo²³ niḥsaṃśayaṃ kālavaśena bhāvī |
evaṃ jarāṃ rūpavināśayitrīṃ jānāti caivecchati caiva²⁴ lokaḥ || 3.33 ||

23. EBC: prakarṣān. 24. EBC: caiṣa.

(7)御者又答言尊亦有此分
(8)時移形自變必至無所疑
(9)少壯無不老擧世知而求

’di ni na tshod rab mchog tshe daṅ ldan pa’i yaṅ | | gdon mi za bar dus kyi dbaṅ gis ’byuṅ bar ’gyur | |
de bźin rgas pa gzugs kyi rnam par ñams pa (6)bor | | ’jig rten ba yi śes pa ñid ṅaṅ mthoṅ ba ñid | |

217. The charioteer again replied and said, ’Your highness also inherits this lot, as time goes on, the form itself is changed, and this must doubtless come, beyond all hindrance:
218. ’The youthful form must wear the garb of age, throughout the world, this is the common lot.’

33. ‘It will come without doubt by the force of time through multitude of years even to my long-lived lord; all the world knows thus that old age will destroy their comeliness and they are content to have it so.’

tataḥ sa pūrvāśayaśuddhabuddhir vistīrṇakalpācitapuṇyakarmā |
śrutvā jarāṃ saṃvivije mahātmā mahāśaner ghoṣam ivāntike gauḥ || 3.34 ||

(10)菩薩久¹⁰ 修習清淨智慧業
(11)廣殖諸徳本願果¹¹ 華於今
(12)聞説衰老苦戰慄身毛竪

10. 修習＝習修＜三＞ 11. 華＝萃＜三＞

de nas sṅon gyi bsam pa dag pa’i blo mṅa’ ba | | rnam rgyas bskal bar bsags pa’i bsod nams las can daṅ | |
rdo rje chen po’i sgra la ñe bar ba laṅ bźin | | rgas pa thos nas gźon nu kun nas yi mug gyur | |

Bodhisattva, who had long prepared the foundation of pure and spotless wisdom,
219. Broadly setting the root of every high quality, with a view to gather large fruit in his present life, hearing these words respecting the sorrow of age, was afflicted in mind, and his hair stood up-right.

34. Then he, the great-souled one, who had his mind purified by the impressions of former good actions, who possessed a store of merits accumulated through many preceding aeons, was deeply agitated when he heard of old age, like a bull who has heard the crash of a thunderbolt close by.

niḥśvasya dīrghaṃ svaśiraḥ²⁵ prakampya tamiṃś ca jīrṇe viniveśya cakṣuḥ |
tāṃ caiva dṛṣṭvā janatāṃ saharṣāṃ vākyaṃ sa saṃvigna²⁶ idaṃ jagāda || 3.35 ||

25. EBC: sa śiraḥ. 26. EBC: saṃvignam.

(13)雷¹² 霆霹靂聲群獸怖奔走
(14)菩薩亦如是震怖長嘘息

12. 霆＝電＜三＞

dbugs ni riṅ du (7)brgyus nas raṅ gi mgo bsgul źiṅ | | ’khogs pa de la spyan ni rnam par źugs nas su | |
rga ba daṅ bcas skye ba de rnams gzigs gyur nas | | sems ni khoṅ du chud pa de yis tshig ’di smras | |

220. Just as the roll of the thunder and the storm alarm and put to flight the cattle; so was Bodhisattva affected by the words; shaking with apprehension, he deeply sighed;

35. Drawing a long sigh and shaking his head, and fixing his eyes on that decrepit old man, and looking round on that exultant multitude he then uttered these distressed words:

evaṃ jarā hanti ca nirviśeṣaṃ smṛtiṃ ca rūpaṃ ca parākramaṃ ca |
na caiva saṃvegam upaiti lokaḥ pratyakṣato ’pīdṛśam īkṣamāṇaḥ || 3.36 ||

(15)繋心於老苦頷頭而瞪矚
(16)念此衰老苦世人何愛樂

dran pa daṅ ni gzugs daṅ pha rol gnon pa yaṅ | | de ltar rgas pas rnam dpyod med par (12a1)’joms pas te | |
’di lta bu ra ni mṅon sum ñid du soṅ na yaṅ | | ’jig rten pa dag skyo med ñer ’gro kho na’o | |

221. Constrained at heart because of the pain of ’age;’ with shaking head and constant gaze, he thought upon this misery of decay; what joy or pleasure can men take (he thought),

36. ‘Old age thus strikes down all alike, our memory, comeliness, and valour; and yet the world is not disturbed, even when it sees such a fate visibly impending.

evaṃ gate sūta nivartayāśvān śīghraṃ gṛhāṇy eva bhavān prayātu |
udyānabhūmau hi kuto ratir me jarābhaye²⁷ cetasi vartamāne || 3.37 ||

27. EBC: bhave.

(17)老相之所壞觸類無所擇
(18)雖有壯色力無一不遷變
(19)目前見證相如何不厭離

de ltar soṅ la ’dren pa rta rnams phyir zlog la | | khyod ni khyim ñid du ni skyes par rab tu soṅ | |
rgas pa’i ’jigs pa’i sems su gnas pa kho bo (2)la | | skyed mos tshal gyi sa la bde ba ga la yod | |

222. In that which soon must wither, stricken by the marks of age; affecting all without exception; though gifted now with youth and strength, yet not one but soon must change and pine away.
223. The eye beholding such signs as these before it, how can it not be oppressed by a desire to escape?

37. ‘Since such is our condition, O charioteer, turn back the horses,--go quickly home; how can I rejoice in the pleasure-garden, when the thoughts arising from old age overpower me?’

athājñayā bhartṛsutasya tasya nivartayām āsa rathaṃ niyantā |
tataḥ kumāro bhavanaṃ tad eva cintāvaśaḥ śūnyam iva prapede || 3.38 ||

(20)菩薩謂御者宜速迴車還
(21)念念衰老至園林何足歡

de nas rgyal po’i sras po de yi bka’ luṅ gis | | kha lo sgyur bas śiṅ rta phyir la bzlog par gyur | |
de nas gźon nus pho braṅ de ñid kho nar ni | | bsam pa’i dbaṅ gis stoṅ pa bźin du rab tu thob | |

Bodhisattva then addressed his charioteer, `Quickly turn your chariot and go back,
224. ’Ever thinking on this subject of old age approaching, what pleasures now can these gardens afford,

38. Then the charioteer at the command of the king’s son turned the chariot back, and the prince lost in thought entered even that royal palace as if it were empty.

yadā tu tatraiva na śarma lebhe jarā jareti praparīkṣamāṇaḥ |
tato narendrānumataḥ sa bhūyaḥ krameṇa tenaiva bahir jagāma || 3.39 ||

(22)¹³ 受命即風馳飛輪旋本宮
(23)心存朽暮境如歸空塜間
(24)觸事不留情所居無暫安
(25)王聞子不悦勸令重出遊
(26)即勅諸群臣莊嚴復勝前

13. 受＝壽＜三＞

gaṅ gi tshe na de yaṅ bde pa ma yin te | | (3)rgas pa rgas pa źes ni rab tu yoṅs su rtog | |
de nas mi dbaṅ gis ni rjes gnaṅ de ni slar | | rim gyis de ñid kho nas phyi rol gśegs par gyur | |

the years of my life like the fast-flying wind; turn your chariot, and with speedy wheels take me to my palace.’
225. And so his heart keeping in the same sad tone, (he was) as one who returns to a place of entombment;
unaffected by any engagement or employment, so he found no rest in anything within his home.
226. The king hearing of his son’s sadness urged (his companions) to induce him again to go abroad, and forthwith incited his ministers and attendants to decorate the gardens even more than before.

39. But when he found no happiness even there, as he continually kept reflecting, ‘old age, old age,’ then once more, with the permission of the king, he went out with the same arrangement as before.

athāparaṃ vyādhiparītadehaṃ tae eva devāḥ sasṛjur manuṣyam |
dṛṣṭvā ca taṃ sārathim ābabhāṣe śauddhodanis tadgatadṛṣṭir eva || 3.40 ||

(27)天復化病人守命在路傍
(28)身痩而腹大呼吸長喘息
(29)手脚攣枯燥悲泣而呻吟

de nas gźan yaṅ lus la nad daṅ yoṅs ldan pa | | lha mchog de rnams ñid kyis bskyed ciṅ sprul pa’i mi | |
zas gtsaṅ rgyal po’i sras (4)po can der soṅ ñid kyis | | gzigs nas kha lo sgyur ba de ñid la smras pa | |

227. The Deva then caused himself to appear as a sick man; struggling for life, he stood by the wayside, his body swollen and disfigured, sighing with deep-drawn groans,
228. His hands and knees contracted and sore with disease, his tears flowing as he piteously muttered (his petition).

40. Then the same deities created another man with his body all afflicted by disease; and on seeing him the son of Suddhodana addressed the charioteer, having his gaze fixed on the man:

sthūlodaraḥ śvāsacalaccharīraḥ srastāṃsabāhuḥ kṛśapāṇdugātraḥ |
ambeti vācaṃ karuṇaṃ bruvāṇaḥ paraṃ samāśritya²⁸ naraḥ ka eṣaḥ || 3.41 ||

28. EBC: samāśliṣya.

(6b1)太子問御者此復何等人

gsus pa sbom źiṅ dbugs dag skyod pa’i lus pho can | | lag pa cha śas źa źiṅ rid la skya bseṅ lus | |
aa ma źes ni sñiṅ rje’i ṅag dag smras pa po | | gźan la brten nas gnas pa’i mi de su źig yin | |

The prince asked his charioteer, ’What sort of man, again, is this?’

41. ‘Yonder man with a swollen belly, his whole frame shaking as he pants, his arms and shoulders hanging loose, his body all pale and thin, uttering plaintively the word "mother," when he embraces a stranger,--who, pray, is this?’

tato ’bravīt sārathir asya saumya dhātuprakopaprabhavaḥ pravṛddhaḥ |
rogābhidhānaḥ sumahān anarthaḥ śakto²⁹ api yenaiṣa kṛto ’svatantraḥ || 3.42 ||

29. EBC: śakro.

(2)對曰是病者四大倶錯亂
(3)羸劣無所堪轉側恃仰人

(5)de nas kha lo sgyur bas smras pa źi ba kye | | ’di yi khams ni rab ’khrugs rab stobs rab tu ’phel | |
nad ces bya ba mṅon brjod śin tu don med chen po ste | | nus kyaṅ gaṅ gis de ni rab dbaṅ med par byas | |

229. Replying he said, ’This is a sick man. The four elements all confused and disordered, worn and feeble, with no remaining strength, bent down with weakness, looking to his fellow-men for help.’

42. Then his charioteer answered, ‘Gentle Sir, it is a very great affliction called sickness, that has grown up, caused by the inflammation of the (three) humours, which has made even this strong man no longer master of himself.’

ity ūcivān rājasutaḥ sa bhūyas taṃ sānukampo naram īkṣamāṇaḥ |
asyaiva jāto³⁰ pṛthag eṣa doṣaḥ sāmānyato rogabhayaṃ prajānām || 3.43 ||

30. EBC: jātaḥ [sic; wrong sandhi in EHJ]

(4)太子聞所説即生哀愍心
(5)問唯此人病餘亦當復爾

rjes su brtse bcas mi de la ni gzigs bźin du | | rgyal po’i (6)sras des slar yaṅ ’di skad ces smras pa | |
skyes gyur skyon de so sor ’di ñid kho na’i ’am | | nad kyi ’jigs la skye dgu rnams kyi spyi la yin | |

230. The prince hearing the words thus spoken, immediately became sad and depressed in heart, and asked, ’Is this the only man afflicted thus, or are others liable to the same (calamity)?’

43. Then the prince again addressed him, looking upon the man compassionately, ‘Is this evil peculiar to him or are all beings alike threatened by sickness?’

tato babhāṣe sa rathapraṇetā kumāra sādhāraṇa eṣa doṣaḥ |
evaṃ hi rogaih paripīḍyamāno rujāturo harṣam upaiti lokaḥ || 3.44 ||

(6)對曰此世間一切倶亦然
(7)有身必有患愚癡樂朝歡

de nas śiṅ rta rab tu ’dren pa des smras pa | | gźon nu ñes pa de ni thun moṅ gyur pa ste | |
de ltar nad rnams dag ni yoṅs su (7)gtsor ba ni | | naṅ mthar phyin na ’jig rten dga’ bar ñe bar gśegs | |

231. In reply he said, ’Through all the world, men are subject to the same condition; those who have bodies must endure affliction, the poor and ignorant, as well as the rich and great.’

44. Then the charioteer answered, ‘O prince, this evil is common to all; thus pressed round by diseases men run to pleasure, though racked with pain.’

iti śrutārthaḥ sa viṣaṇṇacetāḥ prāvepatāmbūrmigataḥ śaśīva |
idaṃ ca vākyaṃ karuṇāyamānaḥ provāca kiṃcinmṛdunā svareṇa || 3.45 ||

(8)太子聞其説即生大恐怖
(9)身心悉戰動譬如揚波月

de ltar don thos sems ni khoṅ du chud pa de | | chu rlabs naṅ soṅ ri boṅ can bźin rab ’dar źiṅ | |
brtse ba thugs rje mṅa’ bas gsuṅ ṅag tshig ’di ni | | cuṅ źig dṅar ba’i dbyaṅs kyis rab tu smras (12b1)pa’o | |

232. The prince, when these words met his ears, was oppressed with anxious thought and grief; his body and his mind were moved throughout, just as the moon upon the ruffled tide.

45. Having heard this account, his mind deeply distressed, he trembled like the moon reflected in the waves of water; and full of sorrow he uttered these words in a low voice:

idaṃ ca rogavyasanaṃ prajānāṃ paśyaṃś ca viśrambham upaiti lokaḥ |
vistīrṇam ajñānam³¹ aho narāṇāṃ hasanti ye rogabhayair amuktāḥ || 3.46 ||

31. EBC: vistīrṇavijñānam.

(10)處斯大苦器云何能自安
(11)嗚呼世間人愚惑癡闇障
(12)病賊至無期而生喜樂心

skye dgu rnams la rnam par źen pa’i nad ’di ni | | ’jig rten pa dag raṅ bźin gnas śiṅ blo gtad byed | |
mi śes rnam par rgya chen ae ma mi rnams kyis | | gaṅ źig nad las rnam par grol rnams bźad gad byed | |

233. ’Placed thus in the great furnace of affliction, say! what rest or quiet can there be! Alas! that worldly men, (blinded by) ignorance and oppressed with dark delusion,
234. ’Though the robber sickness may appear at any time, yet live with blithe and joyous hearts!’

46. ‘Even while they see all this calamity of diseases mankind can yet feel tranquillity; alas for the scattered intelligence of men who can smile when still not free from the terrors of disease!

nivartyatāṃ sūta bahiḥ³² prayāṇān narendrasadmaiva rathaḥ prayātu |
śrutvā ca me rogabhayaṃ ratibhyaḥ pratyāhataṃ saṃkucatīva cetaḥ || 3.47 ||

32. EBC: vahiḥ.

’dren pa phyi rol rab tu ’gro las phyir log la | | (2)mi dbaṅ pho braṅ ñid du śiṅ rta rab tu soṅ | |
bdag gi nad kyi ’jigs pa thos nas dga’ ba las | | sems ni ’khums pa bźin du rab tu bcom par gyur | |

47. ‘Let the chariot, O charioteer, be turned back from going outside, let it return straight to the king’s palace; having heard this alarm of disease, my mind shrinks into itself, repelled from pleasures.’

tato nivṛttaḥ sa nivṛttaharṣaḥ pradhyānayuktaḥ praviveśa veśma³³ |
taṃ dvis tathā prekṣya ca saṃnivṛttaṃ paryeṣaṇaṃ³⁴ bhūmipatiś cakāra || 3.48 ||

33. EBC: sadma. 34. EBC: pury āgamaṃ.

(13)於是迴車還愁憂念病苦
(14)如人被打害 ¹⁴ 捲身待杖至
(15)靜息於閑宮專求反世樂

14. 捲＝卷＜元＞, 券＜明＞

de ltar lan gñis phyir log de ni rab gzigs nas | | sa yi bdag po yis kyaṅ yoṅs su gros byas so | |

On this, turning his chariot back again, he grieved to think upon the pain of sickness.
235. As a man beaten and wounded sore, with body weakened, leans upon his staff, so dwelt he in the seclusion of his palace, lone-seeking, hating worldly pleasures.

48. Then having turned back, with all joy departed, he entered his home, absorbed in thought; and having seen him thus return a second time, the king himself entered the city.

śrutvā nimittaṃ tu nivartanasya saṃtyaktam ātmānam anena mene |
mārgasya śaucādhikṛtāya caiva cukrośa ruṣṭo ’pi ca nogradaṇḍaḥ || 3.49 ||

(16)王復聞子還勅問何因縁
(17)對曰見病¹⁵ 人王怖猶失身
(18)深責治路者心結口不言

15. 人＝苦＜明＞

de yi phyir log ṅes (3)pa’i mtshan ma thos gyur nas | | bdag cag rnams ni ’di yis yaṅ dag ’dor sñam ste | |
lam rnams gtsaṅ mar lhag par byed pa po rnams la | | khros śiṅ ’khrugs kyaṅ chad pa drag pos gcod pa med | |

236. The king hearing once more of his son’s return, asked anxiously the reason why, and in reply was told--’he saw the pain of sickness.’ The king in fear like one beside himself,
237. Roundly blamed the keepers of the way; his heart constrained, his lips spoke not;

49. Having heard the occasion of the prince’s return he felt himself as deserted by him, and, although unused to severe punishment, even when displeased, he rebuked him whose duty it was to see that the road was clear.

bhūyaś ca tasmai vidadhe sutāya viśeṣayuktaṃ viṣayapracāram³⁵ |
calendriyatvād api nāma sakto³⁶ nāsmān vijahyād iti nāthamānaḥ || 3.50 ||

35. EBC: prakāram. 36. EBC: nāpi śakto.

(19)復増¹⁶ 伎女衆音樂倍勝前
(20)以此悦視聽樂俗不厭家
(21)晝夜進聲色其心未始歡

16. 伎＝妓＜三＞

slar yaṅ sras po de la khyad par ’phags pa daṅ | | ldan pa’i yul (4)la rab tu dpyod pa rnams mdzad ciṅ | |
dbaṅ po g-yo ba ñid kyi phyir yaṅ chags sñam ste | | bdag cag rnam par mi ’dor źes ni mgon blaṅs so | |

again he increased the crowd of music women, the sounds of merriment twice louder than aforetime,
238. If by these sounds and sights (the prince) might be gratified; and indulging worldly feelings, might not hate his home. Night and day the charm of melody increased, but his heart was still unmoved by it.

50. And once more he arranged for his son all kinds of worldly enjoyments to their highest point; imploring in his heart, ‘Would that he might not be able to forsake us, even though rendered unable only through the restlessness of his senses.’

yadā ca śabdādibhir indriyārthair antaḥpure naiva suto ’sya reme |
tato bahir³⁷ vyādiśati sma yātrāṃ rasāntaraṃ syād iti manyamānaḥ || 3.51 ||

37. EBC: vahir.

gaṅ gi tshe na sgra sgrogs dbaṅ po’i don rnams kyis | | sras po ’di la pho braṅ ’khor na dga’ ba med | |
de nas ro gźan rol gyur cig (5)źes sems śiṅ | | phyi rol ltad mo la ni rnam par bka’ stsal to | |

51. But when in the women’s apartments his son found no pleasure in the several objects of the senses, sweet sounds and the rest, he gave orders for another progress outside, thinking to himself, ‘It may create a diversion of sentiment.’

snehāc ca bhāvaṃ tanayasya buddhvā sa rāga³⁸ doṣān avicintya kāṃścit |
yogyāḥ samājñāpayati sma tatra kalāsv abhijñā iti vāramukhyāḥ || 3.52 ||

38. EBC: saṃvega.

(22)王自出遊歴更求勝妙園
(23)¹⁷ 簡擇諸婇女美艷極恣顏
(24)¹⁸ 諂黠能奉事容媚能惑人

17. 簡＝揀＜三＞ 18. 諂＝智＜三＞

brtse ba las ni sras po’i dgoṅs ba rtogs nas su | | de la chags pa’i skyon rnams ’ga’ źig ma bsams nas | |
sgyu rtsal rnams la mṅon par śes źes res ma’i gtso | | mdzaṅs ma rnams la des ni yaṅ dag bka’ (6)stsal to | |

239. The king himself then went forth to observe everything successively, and to make the gardens even yet more attractive, selecting with care the attendant women, that they might excel in every point of personal beauty;
240. Quick in wit and able to arrange matters well, fit to ensnare men by their winning looks;

52. And in his affection pondering on the condition of his son, never thinking of any ills that might come from his haste, he ordered the best singing-women to be in attendance, as well-skilled in all the soft arts that can please.

tato viśeṣeṇa narendramārge svalaṃkṛte caiva parīkṣite ca |
vyatyasya³⁹ sūtaṃ ca rathaṃ ca rājā prasthāpayām āsa bahiḥ kumāram || 3.53 ||

39. EBC: vyatyāsya.

(25)増修王御道防制諸不淨
(26)并勅善御者瞻察擇路行

de nas khyad par du yaṅ mi yi dbaṅ po’i lam | | legs par brgyan byas ñid daṅ yoṅs su brtags pa la | |
’dren pa daṅ ni śiṅ rta brjes nas rgyal po yis | | gźon nu phyi rol du ni rab tu gśegs su gźug | |

he placed additional keepers along the king’s way, he strictly ordered every offensive sight to be removed,
241. And earnestly exhorted the illustrious coachman, to look well and pick out the road as he went.

53. Then the royal road being specially adorned and guarded, the king once more made the prince go out, having ordered the charioteer and chariot to proceed in a contrary direction (to the previous one).

tatas tathā gacchati rājaputre tair eva devair vihito gatāsuḥ |
taṃ caiva mārge mṛtam uhyamānaṃ sūtaḥ kumāraś ca dadarśa nānyaḥ || 3.54 ||

(27)時彼淨居天復化爲死人
(28)四人共持輿現於菩薩前
(29)餘人悉不覺菩薩御者見

de nas de ltar rgyal po’i bu ni gśegs pa na | | lha (7)mchog de rnams ñid kyis rnam par sprul pa yi | |
srog soṅ śi ba’i ro de lam du bteg pa ni | | ’dren pa daṅ ni gźon nus mthoṅ ste gźan gyis min | |

And now that Deva of the pure abode, again caused the appearance of a dead man;
242. Four persons carrying the corpse lifted it on high, and appeared (to be going on) in front of Bodhisattva; the surrounding people saw it not, but only Bodhisattva and the charioteer;

54. But as the king’s son was thus going on his way, the very same deities created a dead man, and only the charioteer and the prince, and none else, beheld him as he was carried dead along the road.

athābravīd rājasutaḥ sa sūtaṃ naraiś caturbhir hriyate ka eṣaḥ |
dīnair manuṣyair anugamyamāno bhūṣitaś cāpy⁴⁰ avarudyate ca || 3.55 ||

40. EBC: yo bhūṣito ’śvāsy.

(6c1)問此何等輿幡花雜莊嚴
(2)從者悉憂慼散髮號哭隨

de nas ’dren pa rgyal po’i sras po des smras pa | | źan źiṅ stug pa’i mi rnams dag ni rjes ’braṅ źiṅ | |
rgyan gyis brgyan pa yin yaṅ kun nas du ba (13a1)ste | | mi bźi rnams kyis bteg pa pha gi su źig yin | |

243. (Once more) he asked, ’What is this they carry? with streamers and flowers of every choice description, whilst the followers are overwhelmed with grief, tearing their hair and wailing piteously.’

55. Then spoke the prince to the charioteer, ‘Who is this borne by four men, followed by mournful companions, who is bewailed, adorned but no longer breathing?’

tataḥ sa śuddhātmabhir eva devaiḥ śuddhādhivāsair abhibhūtacetāḥ |
avācyam apy artham imaṃ niyantā pravyājahārārthavadīśvarāya⁴¹ || 3.56 ||

41. EBC: pravyājahārārthavid īśvarāya.

(3)天神教御者對曰爲死人

de nas gtsaṅ ba’i bdag ñid gtsaṅ mar gnas pa yi | | lha rnams dag gis sems ni zil non ’dren pa po || ṅes ni brjod par bya ba min kyaṅ don ’di ni | | don ldan dbaṅ phyug la ni rab tu rnam par gsol | |

244. And now the gods instructing the coachman, he replied and said,

56. Then the driver,--having his mind overpowered by the gods who possess pure minds and pure dwellings,--himself knowing the truth, uttered to his lord this truth also which was not to be told:

buddhīndriyaprāṇaguṇair viyuktaḥ supto visaṃjñas tṛṇakāṣṭhabhūtaḥ |
saṃvardhya⁴² saṃrakṣya ca yatnavadbhiḥ priyapriyais⁴³ tyajyatae eṣa ko ’pi || 3.57 ||

42. EBC: saṃbadhya. 43. EBC: priyāpriyais.

(4)諸根壞命斷心散念識離
(5)神逝形乾燥挺直如枯木
(6)親戚諸朋友恩愛素纒綿
(7)今悉不喜見遠棄空塜間

(2)blo daṅ dbaṅ po srog gi yon tan daṅ bral źiṅ | | gñid log miṅ bral rtswa daṅ śiṅ du gyur pa ste | |
brtson ’grus ldan pa rnams kyis bskyed nas bsruṅs nas kyaṅ | | sdug ba sdug pa rnams kyis spaṅs pa de ni su yin nam | |

’This is a "dead man," all his powers of body destroyed, life departed; his heart without thought, his intellect dispersed;
245. ’His spirit gone, his form withered and decayed; stretched out as a dead log;
family ties broken --all his friends who once loved him, clad in white cerements,
246. ’Now no longer delighting to behold him, remove him to lie in some hollow ditch (tomb).’

57. ‘This is some poor man who, bereft of his intellect, senses, vital airs and qualities, lying asleep and unconscious, like mere wood or straw, is abandoned alike by friends and enemies after they have carefully swathed and guarded him.’

iti praṇetuḥ sa niśamya vākyaṃ saṃcukṣubhe kiṃcid uvāca cainam |
kiṃ kevalo ’syaiva⁴⁴ janasya dharmaḥ sarvaprajānām ayam īdṛśo ’ntaḥ || 3.58 ||

44. EBC: kevalasyaiva.

(8)太子聞死聲悲痛心交結
(9)問唯此人死天下亦倶然

de ltar tshig ni rab tu ’dren pa las thos nas | | cuṅ źig (3)kun nas bskyod ciṅ de ñid la smras pa | |
chos ’di ñid ni skye ba ’di ñid kyaṅ gi’am | | mthar gyur ’di ’dra skye dgu kun gyi yin nam ci | |

The prince hearing the name of DEATH, his heart constrained by painful thoughts,
247. He asked, ’Is this the only dead man, or does the world contain like instances?’

58. Having heard these words of the charioteer he was somewhat startled and said to him, ‘Is this an accident peculiar to him alone, or is such the end of all living creatures?’

tataḥ praṇetā vadati sma tasmai sarvaprajānām idam⁴⁵ antakarma⁴⁶ |
hīnasya madhyasya mahātmano vā sarvasya loke niyato vināśaḥ || 3.59 ||

45. EBC: ayam. 46. EBC: karmā.

(10)對曰普皆爾夫始必有終
(11)長幼及中年有身莫不壞

de nas rab tu ’dren pas ’di ñid la gsol pa | | mthar gyur las ’di skye dgu rnams ni kun gyi ste | |
dman daṅ ’briṅ daṅ bdag ñid chen po (4)thams cad kyi | | ’jig rten dag ni rnam par ṅes par rnam par ñams par ’gyur | |

Replying thus he said, ’All, everywhere, the same; he who begins his life must end it likewise;
248. ’The strong and lusty and the middle-aged, having a body, cannot but decay (and die).’

59. Then the charioteer replied to him, ‘This is the final end of all living creatures; be it a mean man, a man of middle state, or a noble, destruction is fixed to all in this world.’

tataḥ sa dhīro ’pi narendrasūnuḥ śrutvaiva mṛtyuṃ viṣasāda sadyaḥ |
aṃsena saṃśliṣya ca kūbarāgraṃ provāca nihrādavatā svareṇa || 3.60 ||

(12)太子心驚怛身垂車軾前
(13)息殆絶而嘆世人一何誤

de nas mi dbaṅ sras pa de ni bstan na yaṅ | | ’chi ba thos nas de ma thag tu yi mug ciṅ | |
dpuṅ pas śiṅ rta’i śiṅ gi rtse la rab ’khyud nas | | gdaṅs sñan daṅ ldan dbyaṅs kyis rab tu smras (5)pa’o | |

The prince now harassed and perplexed in mind; his body bent upon the chariot leaning-board,
249. With bated breath and struggling accents, stammered thus, ’Oh worldly men! how fatally deluded!

60. Then the king’s son, sedate though he was, as soon as he heard of death, immediately sank down overwhelmed, and pressing the end of the chariotpole with his shoulder spoke with a loud voice,

iyaṃ ca niṣṭhā niyatā⁴⁷ prajānāṃ pramādyati tyaktabhayaś ca lokaḥ |
manāṃsi śaṅke kaṭhināni nṝṇāṃ svasthās tathā hy adhvani vartamānāḥ || 3.61 ||

47. EBC: niyataṃ.

(14)公見身磨滅猶尚放逸生
(15)心非枯木石曾不慮無常

’di ni ṅes par skye dgu rnams kyi mthar thug ste | | ’jig rten pa dag ’jigs pa spaṅs śiṅ bag med la | |
mi rnams dag gi sems rnams sra ba sñam pa ste | | lam la gnas rnams de ltar raṅ bźin ñid du gnas | |

beholding everywhere the body brought to dust, yet everywhere the more carelessly living;
250. ’The heart is neither lifeless wood nor stone, and yet it thinks not "all is vanishing!"’

61. ‘Is this end appointed to all creatures, and yet the world throws off all fear and is infatuated! Hard indeed, I think, must the hearts of men be, who can be self-composed in such a road.

tasmād rathaḥ⁴⁸ sūta nivartyatāṃ no vihārabhūmer⁴⁹ na hi deśakālaḥ |
jānan vināśaṃ katham ārti⁵⁰ kāle sacetanaḥ syād iha hi pramattaḥ || 3.62 ||

48. EBC: rathaṃ. 49. EBC: bhūmau. 50. EBC: ārtti.

(16)即勅迴車還非復遊戲時
(17)命¹⁹ 絶死無期如何縱心遊

19. 絶＝脆＜三＞

de phyir ’dren pa śiṅ rta’i kha ni phyir bzlog daṅ | | (6)bdag cag sa la rnam par rgyu pa’i yul dus min | |
ñam thag dus su rnam par ñams pa śes nas ni | | sems daṅ bcas pa gaṅ ’dra ’di na bag med yin | |

Then turning, he directed his chariot to go back, and no longer waste his time in wandering.
251. How could he, whilst in fear of instant death, go wandering here and there with lightened heart!

62. ‘Therefore, O charioteer, turn back our chariot, this is no time or place for a pleasure-excursion; how can a rational being, who knows what destruction is, stay heedless here, in the hour of calamity?’

iti bruvāṇe ’pi narādhipātmaje nivartayām āsa sa naiva taṃ ratham |
viśeṣayuktaṃ tu narendraśāsanāt sa padmaṣaṇḍaṃ vanam eva niryayau || 3.63 ||

(18)御者奉王勅畏怖不敢旋
(19)正御疾驅馳徑往²⁰ 至彼園

20. 至＝之＜三＞

mi bdag bdag skyes kyis ni de skad smras na yaṅ | | de yis śiṅ rta de ni phyir la ma bzlog ste | |
khyab par ldan pa yin (7)yaṅ mi dbaṅ brten pa la | | padma’i tshogs bcas nags ñid du ni gśegs par gyur | |

The charioteer remembering the king’s exhortation feared much nor dared go back;
252. Straightforward then he pressed his panting steeds, passed onward to the gardens,

63. Even when the prince thus spoke to him, the charioteer did not turn the chariot back; but at his peremptorily reiterated command he retired to the forest Padmakhanḍa.

tataḥ śivaṃ kusumitabālapādapaṃ paribhramatpramuditamattakokilam |
vimānavat sa kamala⁵¹ cārudīrghikaṃ dadarśa tad vanam iva nandanaṃ vanam || 3.64 ||

51. EBC: sakamala.

(20)林流²¹ 滿清淨嘉木悉敷榮

21. 滿＝肅＜三＞

de nas me tog rgyas ldan gźon nu’i rkaṅ ’thuṅ źiṅ | | yoṅs su bskor źiṅ rab dga’ myos pa’i khu byug can | |
gźal med khaṅ ldan padma daṅ bcas mdzes pa’i rdziṅ | | dga’ ba’i tshil (13b1)’dra dge ba’i nags de gzigs par gyur | |

(came to) the groves and babbling streams of crystal water, the pleasant trees, spread out with gaudy verdure,

64. There he beheld that lovely forest like Nandana itself, full of young trees in flower with intoxicated kokilas wandering joyously about, and with its bright lakes gay with lotuses and well-furnished with watering-places.

varāṅganāgaṇakalilaṃ nṛpātmajas tato balād vanam atinīyate⁵² sma tat |
varāpsarovṛtam⁵³ alakādhipālayaṃ navavrato munir iva vighnakātaraḥ || 3.65 ||

52. EBC: abhinīyate. 53. EBC: nṛtyam.

(21)靈禽雜奇獸飛走欣和鳴
(22)光耀悦耳目猶²² 天難陀園

22. Nandana-vana.

lha mchog mas bskor groṅ khyer brgyan byed bdag po’i gźir | | brtul źugs gsal ldan thub pa bgegs kyis ’jigs pa bźin | |
yan lag mchog ma’i tshogs khyab mi skyoṅ bdag skyes sras | | de nas stobs las nags (2)der spyan draṅs so | |

253. The noble living things and varied beasts so wonderful, the flying creatures and their notes melodious, all charming and delightful td the eye and ear, even as the heavenly Nandavana.

65. The king’s son was perforce carried away to that wood filled with troops of beautiful women, just as if some devotee who had newly taken his vow were carried off, feeling weak to withstand temptation, to the palace of the monarch of Alakâ, gay with the dancing of the loveliest heavenly nymphs.

iti ⁵⁴ buddhacarite mahākāvye saṃvegotpattir nāma tṛtīyaḥ sargaḥ ||3||

54. EBC adds śrī.

No English

saṅs rgyas kyi spyod pa źes bya ba’i sñan dṅags chen po las | thugs skyo ba skyes pa’i le’u ste gsum pa’o || ||

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