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Aśvaghoṣa: Buddhacarita

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š č ǰ γ    
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The transliteration system of the BP/TLB is based on the Unicode/UTF-8 system. However, there may be difficulties with some of the letters – particularly on PC/Windows-based systems, but not so much on the Mac. We have chosen the most accepted older and traditional systems of transliteration against, e.g, Wylie for Tibetan, since with Unicode it is possible, in Sanskrit and Tibetan, etc., to represent one sound with one letter in almost all the cases (excepting Sanskrit and Tibetan aspirated letters, and Tibetan tsa, tsha, dza). We thus do not use the Wylie system which widely employs two letters for one sound (ng, ny, sh, zh etc.).
 
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    Click to Expand/Collapse Option Complete text
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionTitle
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPreface
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 1: Bhagavatprasūti
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 2: Antaḥpuravihāra
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 3: Saṃvegotpatti
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 4: Strīvighātana
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 5: Abhiniṣkramaṇa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 6: Chandakanivartana
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 7: Tapovanapraveśa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 8: Antaḥpuravilāpa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 9: Kumārānveṣaṇa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 10: Śreṇyābhigamana
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 11: Kāmavigarhaṇa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 12: Arāḍadarśana
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 13: Māravijaya
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 14: Englightenment
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 15: Turning the Wheel of the Law
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 16: Many Conversions
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 17: Conversion (pravrajyā) of the Great Disciples
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 18: The Instruction of Anāthapiṇḍada
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 19: The Meeting of Father and Son
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 20: Acceptance of Jetavana
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 21: Progress (srotas) of the Mission
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 22: The Visit to Amrapāli's Grove
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 23: Fixing the Factors of Bodily Life
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 24: Compassion for the Licchavis
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 25: The Journey to Nirvāṇa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 26: The Mahāparinirvāṇa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 27: Eulogy of Nirvāṇa
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter 28: The Division of the Relics
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionColophon
bhasmāruṇā1 lohitabindu2 citrāḥ khaṭvāṅgahastā haridhūmrakeśāḥ |
lambasrajo vāraṇalambakarṇāś carmāmbarāś caiva nirambarāś ca || 13.21 || 
(16)或羸痩無腹 或長脚大膝
(17)或大脚肥1  或長牙利爪 
thal skya rnams daṅ thig le dmar po sna tshogs rnams | | kha tw’am ga rnams daṅ ni spre’u ltar dud sgra rnams | |
(6)’phoṅs ’phyaṅ rnams daṅ glaṅ po’i rna ba’i rna ba rnams | | pags pa’i gos can rnams daṅ gos daṅ bral ba rnams | | 
1065. And others thin and skinny, bellyless; others long-legged, mighty-knee’d; others big-shanked and fat-calved; some with long and claw-like nails; 
21. Copper-red, covered with red spots, bearing clubs in their hands, with yellow or smoke-coloured hair, with wreaths dangling down, with long pendulous ears like elephants, clothed in leather or wearing no clothes at all; 
śvetārdhavaktrā haritārdhakāyās tāmrāś ca dhūmrā harayo ’sitāś ca |
vyālottarāsaṅga3 bhujās tathaiva praghuṣṭaghaṇṭākulamekhalāś ca || 13.22 || 
(18)或無頭2 目面 或兩足多身
(19)或大面傍面 或作灰土色 
gdoṅ phyed dkar po rnams daṅ lus phyed ljaṅ gu rnams | | zaṅs mdog duṅ mdog rnams daṅ ljaṅ gu dkar po rnams | |
sbrul gyi śam thabs rnams daṅ de bźin (7)lag pa rnams | | rab tu sgra sgrogs dril bu ’khrugs pa’i ske rags rnams | | 
1066. Some were headless, breastless, faceless; some with two feet and many bodies; some with big faces looking every way; some pale and ashy-coloured, 
22. Having half their faces white or half their bodies green,--red and smoke-coloured, yellow and black,--with arms reaching out longer than a serpent, and with girdles jingling with rattling bells. 
tālapramāṇāś ca gṛhītaśūlā daṃṣṭrākarālāś ca śiśupramāṇāḥ |
urabhravaktrāś ca vihaṃgamākṣā4 mārjāravaktrāś ca manuṣyakāyāḥ || 13.23 || 
(20)或似明星光 或身放煙火
(21)或象耳負山 或被髮裸3 身 
ta la’i tshad mñam rnams daṅ mduṅ rnams bzuṅ ba rnams | | byis pa’i tshad mñam rnams daṅ mche ba gtsigs pa rnams | |
lug gi gdoṅ can rnams daṅ bya yi mig can rnams | | byi la’i gdoṅ can (48b1)rnams daṅ mi yi lus can rnams | | 
1067. Others colour’d like the bright star rising, others steaming fiery vapour, some with ears like elephants, with humps like mountains, some with naked forms covered with hair, 
23. Some were as tall as palm-trees, carrying spears,--others were of the size of children with projecting teeth, others birds with the faces of rams, others with men’s bodies and cats’ faces; 
prakīrṇakeśāḥ śikhino ’rdhamuṇḍā raktāmbarā5 vyākulaveṣṭanāś ca |
prahṛṣṭavaktrā bhṛkuṭīmukhāś ca tejoharāś caiva manoharāś ca || 13.24 || 
(22)或被服皮革 面色半赤白
(23)或著虎皮衣 或復著蛇皮
(24)或腰帶大鈴 或縈髮螺髻
(25)或散髮被身 或吸人精氣 
skra bkram rnams daṅ ral pa can daṅ byi bo rnams | | gos dmar rnams daṅ rnam par ’khrugs pas dkris pa rnams | |
rab dga’i gdoṅ can rnams daṅ gñer ma’i gdoṅ can rnams | | gzi brjid ’phrog pa rnams daṅ yid ni ’phrog pa rnams | | 
1068. Some with leather skins for clothing, their faces party-coloured, crimson and white; some with tiger skins as robes, some with snake skins over them,
1069. Some with tinkling bells around their waists, others with twisted screw-like hair, others with hair dishevelled covering the body, some breath-suckers, 
24. With dishevelled hair, or with topknots, or half-bald, with rope-garments or with head-dress all in confusion,--with triumphant faces or frowning faces,--wasting the strength or fascinating the mind. 
kecid vrajanto bhṛśam āvavalgur anyo’nyam āpupluvire tathānye |
cikrīḍur ākāśagatāś ca kecit kecic ca cerus tarumastakeṣu || 13.25 || 
(26)或奪人生命 或4 超擲大呼
(27)或奔走相逐 迭自相打害 
kha cig (2)dag ni ’pho źiṅ drag tu phan tshun du | | mchan khuṅ ’khyud ciṅ de bźin gźan rnams mchoṅs | |
mkha’ la ’gro ba rnams ni kha cig rtse ba ste | | kha cig śiṅ gi rtse mo rnams la źon pa’o | | 
1070. Others body-snatchers, some dancing and shrieking awhile, some jumping onwards with their feet together, some striking one another as they went, 
25. Some as they went leaped about wildly, others danced upon one another, some sported about in the sky, others went along on the tops of the trees. 
nanarta kaścid bhramayaṃs triśūlaṃ kaścid vipusphūrja6 gadāṃ vikarṣan |
harṣeṇa kaścid vṛṣavan nanarda7 kaścit prajajvāla tanūruhebhyaḥ || 13.26 || 
(28)或空中旋轉 或飛騰樹間
(29)或5 呼叫吼喚 惡聲震天地 
kha cig rtse gsum bskor źiṅ gar ni byed pa ste | | kha cig dbyug pa gdeṅs śiṅ thog sgra sgrogs pa’o | |
kha (3)cig dga’ bas khyu mchog bźin du skad ’don źiṅ | | kha cig lus ’phos rnams las rab tu ’bar bar gyur | | 
1071. Others waving (wheeling round) in the air, others flying and leaping between the trees, others howling, or hooting, or screaming, or whining, with their evil noises shaking the great earth; 
26. One danced, shaking a trident, another made a crash, dragging a club, another bounded for joy like a bull, another blazed out flames from every hair. 
evaṃvidhā bhūtagaṇāḥ samantāt tad bodhimūlaṃ parivārya tasthuḥ |
jighṛkṣavaś caiva jighāṃsavaś ca bhartur niyogaṃ paripālayantaḥ || 13.27 || 
(26a1)如是諸惡類 圍遶菩提樹
(2)或欲擘裂身 或復欲呑噉 
’dzin par ’dod pa rnams daṅ ’joms par ’dod pa rnams | | jo bo’i bka’ ni rab tu skyoṅ bar byed pa ste | |
rnam pa de ltar ’byuṅ po’i tshogs rnams kun nas ni | | byaṅ chub sems (4)dpa’ de la yoṅs su bskor nas gnas | | 
1072. Thus this wicked goblin troop encircled on its four sides the Bodhi tree; some bent on tearing his body to pieces, others on devouring it whole; 
27. Such were the troops of demons who encircled the root of the Bodhi tree on every side, eager to seize it and to destroy it, awaiting the command of their lord. 
taṃ prekṣya mārasya ca pūrvarātre śākyarṣabhasyaiva ca yuddhakālam |
na dyauś cakāśe pṛthivī cakampe prajajvaluś caiva diśaḥ saśabdāḥ || 13.28 || 
(3)四面放火然 煙焔6 盛衝天
(4)狂風四激起 山林普震動 
mtshan mo sṅa ma la ni ś’akya’i khyu mchog daṅ | | bdud kyi ’thab mo dus de rab tu mthoṅ nas ni | |
nam mkha’ gsal ba ma yin sa ni g-yos gyur la | | phyogs rnams sgra daṅ bcas pa rab tu ’bar bar gyur | | 
1073. From the four sides flames belched forth, and fiery steam ascended up to heaven; tempestuous winds arose on every side; the mountain forests shook and quaked; 
28. Beholding in the first half of the night that battle of Mâra and the bull of the Sâkya race, the heavens did not shine and the earth shook and the (ten) regions of space flashed flame and roared. 
viṣvag8 vavau vāyur udīrṇavegas tārā na rejur na babhau śaśāṅkaḥ |
tamaś ca bhūyo vitatāna rātriḥ9 sarve ca saṃcukṣubhire samudrāḥ || 13.29 || 
(5)風火煙塵合 黒闇無所見
(6)愛法諸天人 及諸龍鬼7
(7)悉皆忿魔衆 瞋恚血涙流 
drag po’i śugs can rluṅ ni kun du (5)g-yos gyur la | | skar ma rnams ni mi snaṅ zla ba gsal ma gyur | |
slar yaṅ mtshan mor mun pa rnam par rgyas gyur la | | rgya mtsho rnams ni thams cad kun du g-yos par gyur | | 
1074. Wind, fire, and steam, with dust combined, (produced) a pitchy darkness, rendering all invisible. And now the Devas well affected to the law, and all the Nâgas and the spirits (kwei-shin),
1075. All incensed at this host of Mâra, with anger fired, wept tears of blood; 
29. A wind of intense violence blew in all directions, the stars did not shine, the moon gave no light, and a deeper darkness of night spread around, and all the oceans were agitated. 
mahībhṛto dharmaparāś ca nāgā mahāmuner vighnam amṛṣyamāṇāḥ |
māraṃ prati krodhavivṛttanetrā niḥśaśvasuś caiva jajṛmbhire ca || 13.30 || 
 
sa gźi ’dzin ciṅ chos dag ’dzin pa’i klu rnams ni | | thub pa chen po’i bgegs la bzod pa ma yin źiṅ | |
bdud (6)las khros pas rnam par log pa’i mig can rnams | | rṅam pa bton źiṅ lus ni rnam par ’gyur ba’o | | 
 
30. The mountain deities and the Nâgas who honoured the Law, indignant at the attack on the saint, rolling their eyes in anger against Mâra, heaved deep sighs and opened their mouths wide. 
śuddhādhivāsā vibudharṣayas tu saddharmasiddhyartham abhipravṛttāḥ10 |
māre ’nukampāṃ manasā pracakrur virāgabhāvāt tu na roṣam īyuḥ || 13.31 || 
(8)淨居諸天衆 見魔亂菩薩
(9)離欲無瞋心 哀愍而傷彼 
gcaṅ mar lhag par gnas pa’i lha yi draṅ sroṅ ni | | dam chos bsgrub pa’i don du mṅon par źugs pa rnams | |
bdud las yid kyis rjes su brtse ba byas pa ste | | chags daṅ bral ba (7)las kyaṅ khros bar ma gyur to | | 
the great company of Suddhavâsa gods, beholding Mâra tempting Bodhisattva,
1076. Free from low-feeling, with hearts undisturbed by passion, moved by pity towards him and commiseration, 
31. But the god-sages, the Suddhâdhivâsas, being as it were absorbed in the perfect accomplishment of the good Law, felt only a pity for Mâra in their minds and through their absolute passionlessness were unruffled by anger. 
tad bodhimūlaṃ samavekṣya kīrṇaṃ hiṃsātmanā mārabalena tena |
dharmātmabhir lokavimokṣakāmair babhūva hāhākṛtam antarīkṣe11 || 13.32 || 
(10)悉來見菩薩 端坐不傾動
(11)無量魔圍繞 惡聲動天地 
’tshe ba’i bdag ñid bdud kyi dpuṅ ni de yis ni | | byaṅ chub rtsa ba de ni khyab pa mthoṅ nas ni | |
chos kyi bdag ñid ’jig rten thar pa ’dod rnams kyis | | nam mkha’ dag la h’a h’a’i sgra dag byas par gyur | | 
came in a body to behold the Bodhisattva, so calmly seated and so undisturbed,
1077. Surrounded with an uncounted host of devils, shaking the heaven and earth with sounds ill-omened. 
32. When they saw the foot of the Bodhi tree crowded with that host of Mâra, intent on doing harm,--the sky was filled with the cry raised by all the virtuous beings who desired the world’s liberation. 
upaplavaṃ12 dharmavidhes13 tu tasya dṛṣṭvā sthitaṃ mārabalaṃ maharṣiḥ |
na cukṣubhe nāpi yayau vikāraṃ madhye gavāṃ siṃha ivopaviṣṭaḥ || 13.33 || 
(12)菩薩安8 靖默 光顏無異相
(13)猶如師子王 處於群獸中 
chos kyi cho ga de ni ñe bar ñams byed pa | | bdud dpuṅ (49a1)gnas pa draṅ sroṅ chen pos gzigs nas ni | |
ba laṅ rnams kyi dbus su seṅ ge gnas pa bźin | | g-yo ’gul med ciṅ rnam par ’gyur bar yaṅ ma gyur | | 
Bodhisattva silent and quiet in the midst remained, his countenance as bright as heretofore, unchanged;
1078. Like the great lion-king placed amongst all the beasts howling and growling round him (so he sat), 
33. But the great sage having beheld that army of Mâra thus engaged in an attack on the knower of the Law, remained untroubled and suffered no perturbation, like a lion seated in the midst of oxen. 
māras tato bhūtacamūm udīrṇām ājñāpayām āsa bhayāya tasya |
svaiḥ svaiḥ prabhāvair atha sāsya senā taddhairyabhedāya matiṃ cakāra || 13.34 || 
(14)皆歎嗚呼呼 奇特未曾有
(15)魔衆相驅策 各進其威力 
de nas de yi ’jigs pa’i ched du bdud kyis ni | | ’byuṅ po’i sde ni drag po rnams la bka’ stsal źiṅ | |
(2)de nas ’di yi sde des raṅ raṅ mthu rnams kyis | | de yi bstan pa dbye phyir blo gros byas pa’o | | 
a sight unseen before, so strange and wonderful!
1079. The host of Mâra hastening, as arranged, each one exerting his utmost force, 
34. Then Mâra commanded his excited army of demons to terrify him; and forthwith that host resolved to break down his determination with their various powers. 
kecic calan naikavilambijihvās tīkṣṇāgra14 daṃṣṭrā harimaṇḍalākṣāḥ |
vidāritāsyāḥ sthiraśaṅkukarṇāḥ saṃtrāsayantaḥ kila nāma tasthuḥ || 13.35 || 
(16)迭共相催切 須臾令摧滅
(17)裂9 目而切齒 亂飛而超10 摧 
kha cig lce rnams g-yo źiṅ du mar rnam ’phyaṅ źiṅ | | mche ba’i rtse mo rnams rno mig rnams ljaṅ ser zlum | |
kha rnams gdaṅs śiṅ phur bu’i rna ba rnams bstan źiṅ | | kun nas skrag par byed (3)pa sñam du gnas źes grag | | 
taking each other’s place in turns, threatening every moment to destroy him,
1080. Fiercely staring, grinning with their teeth, flying tumultuously, bounding here and there; 
35. Some with many tongues hanging out and shaking, with sharp-pointed savage teeth and eyes like the disk of the sun, with wide-yawning mouths and upright ears like spikes,--they stood round trying to frighten him. 
tebhyaḥ sthitebhyaḥ sa tathāvidhebhyaḥ rūpeṇa bhāvena ca dāruṇebhyaḥ |
na vivyathe nodvivije maharṣiḥ krīḍatsu15 bālebhya ivoddhatebhyaḥ || 13.36 || 
(18)菩薩默然觀 如看童兒戲
(19)衆魔益忿恚 倍増戰鬥力 
des ni gzugs daṅ bsam pa dag gis mi bzad pa | | rnam pa de dag ñid du gnas pa de rnams las | |
rtsed mo byed pa’i byis pa rgyags pa rnams las ni | | draṅ sroṅ chen po zug med skyo bar ma gyur to | | 
but Bodhisattva, silently beholding them, (watched them) as one would watch the games of children;
1081. And now the demon host waxed fiercer and more angry, and added force to force, 
36. Before these monsters standing there, so dreadful in form and disposition, the great sage remained unalarmed and untroubled, sporting with them as if they had been only rude children. 
kaścit tato roṣa16 vivṛttadṛṣṭis tasmai gadām udyamayāṃ cakāra |
tastambha bāhuḥ sagadas tato ’sya puraṃdarasyeva purā savajraḥ || 13.37 || 
 
de nas kha cig khros pas lta byed rnam ’gyur źiṅ | | ’di (4)la dbyug brdeg par ’bad pa bya ba ste | |
sṅon tshe groṅ khyer ’joms pa’i rdo rje daṅ bcas ltar | | de nas ’di yi dbyug pa daṅ bcas lag pa reṅs | | 
 
37. Then one of them, with his eyes rolling wildly, lifted up a club against him; but his arm with the club was instantly paralysed, as was Indra’s of old with its thunderbolt. 
kecit samudyamya śilās tarūṃś ca viṣehire naiva munau vimoktum |
petuḥ savṛkṣāḥ saśilās tathaiva vajrāvabhagnā iva vindhyapādāḥ || 13.38 || 
(20)抱石不能擧 擧者不能下
(21)飛矛戟利槊 凝虚而不下 
kha cig rdo daṅ śiṅ rnams gyen du ’phyar ba ni | | thub pa la ni rnam par ’phen par ma nus te | |
’bigs byed ri brags rnams ni rdo rjes bcom pa (5)bźin | | śiṅ rnams daṅ bcas rdo rnams bcas pa de bźin lhuṅ | | 
in further conflict; grasping at stones they could not lift, or lifting them, they could not let them go;
1082. Their flying spears, lances, and javelins, stuck fast in space, refusing to descend; 
38. Some, having lifted up stones and trees, found themselves unable to throw them against the sage; down they fell, with their trees and their stones, like the roots of the Vindhya shattered by the thunderbolt. 
kaiścit samutpatya nabho vimuktāḥ śilāś ca vṛkṣāś ca paraśvadhāś ca |
tasthur nabhasy eva na cāvapetuḥ saṃdhyābhrapādā iva naikavarṇāḥ || 13.39 || 
 
kha cig mkha’ la gyen du ’phur bas rdo rnams daṅ | | dgra sta rnams daṅ śiṅ rnams rnam par ’phaṅs pa rnams | |
kha dog gcig min mtshams sprin rkaṅ pa rnams bźin du | | mṅon par lhuṅ ba ma yin nam mkhar gnas par (6)gyur | | 
 
39. Others, leaping up into the sky, flung rocks, trees, and axes; these remained in the sky and did not fall down, like the many-coloured rays of the evening clouds. 
cikṣepa tasyopari dīptam anyaḥ kaḍaṅgaraṃ parvataśṛṅgamātram |
yan muktamātraṃ gaganastham eva tasyānubhāvāc chatadhā paphāla17 || 13.40 || 
 
gźan ni de yi steṅ du ’bar ba’i khyu mchog gis | | glaṅ bu ri bo tsam pa’i rwa can ’phaṅs pa ste | |
de ni ’phaṅs pa tsam du nam mkhar gnas pa ñid | | de yi mthu las rnam pa brgyar ni gas par gyur | | 
 
40. Another hurled upon him a mass of blazing straw as big as a mountain-peak, which, as soon as it was thrown, while it hung poised in the sky, was shattered into a hundred fragments by the sage’s power. 
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