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Grammar of Buddhist Chinese

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DiacriticaDiacritica-helpSearch-help
ā ī ū
ñ
ś ź
š č ǰ γ    
Note on the transliteration:
The transliteration system of the BP/TLB is based on the Unicode/UTF-8 system. However, there may be difficulties with some of the letters – particularly on PC/Windows-based systems, but not so much on the Mac. We have chosen the most accepted older and traditional systems of transliteration against, e.g, Wylie for Tibetan, since with Unicode it is possible, in Sanskrit and Tibetan, etc., to represent one sound with one letter in almost all the cases (excepting Sanskrit and Tibetan aspirated letters, and Tibetan tsa, tsha, dza). We thus do not use the Wylie system which widely employs two letters for one sound (ng, ny, sh, zh etc.).
 
Important:
We ask you in particular to note the use of the ’ apostrophe and not the ' representing the avagrāha in Sanskrit, and most important the ’a-chuṅ in Tibetan. On the Mac the ’ is Alt-M.
 
If you cannot find the letters on your key-board, you may click on the link "Diacritica" to access it for your search.
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Click to Expand/Collapse Option遍 biàn
Click to Expand/Collapse Option當 dāng
Click to Expand/Collapse Option復 fù
Click to Expand/Collapse Option今 jīn
Click to Expand/Collapse Option共 gòng
Click to Expand/Collapse Option故 gù
Click to Expand/Collapse Option何 hé
Click to Expand/Collapse Option和 hé
Click to Expand/Collapse Option令 lìng
Click to Expand/Collapse Option乃至 nǎi zhì
Click to Expand/Collapse Option如 rú
Click to Expand/Collapse Option若 ruò
Click to Expand/Collapse Option若…若 ruò...ruò
Click to Expand/Collapse Option若…者 ruò…zhě
Click to Expand/Collapse Option隨 suí
Click to Expand/Collapse Option是 shì
Click to Expand/Collapse Option屬 shǔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Option所 suǒ
Click to Expand/Collapse Option爲 wéi
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Click to Expand/Collapse Option已 yǐ
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Click to Expand/Collapse Option亦 yì
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Click to Expand/Collapse Option因 yīn
Click to Expand/Collapse Option應 yīng
Click to Expand/Collapse Option由 yóu
Click to Expand/Collapse Option於 yú
Click to Expand/Collapse Option於…中 yú zhōng
Click to Expand/Collapse Option與 yǔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Option圓 yuán
Click to Expand/Collapse Option在 zài
Click to Expand/Collapse Option在…中 zài zhōng
Click to Expand/Collapse Option雜 zá
Click to Expand/Collapse Option增上 zēng shàng
Click to Expand/Collapse Option者 zhě
Click to Expand/Collapse Option正 zhèng
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Click to Expand/Collapse Option性 xìng
Particle
若 ruò (see also 若…者)
Unihan/Other Classical Connotations
若 ruò (see also 若…者): if, supposing, assuming; similar CTP
Examples
rel. pron: 復苾芻與諸苾芻同得學處。不捨學處。學羸不自説作不淨行。兩交會法。乃至共傍生。苾芻亦得波羅市迦不應共住 yaḥ punar bhikṣur bhikṣūṇāṃ śikṣāsājīvasamāpannaḥ śikṣām apratyākhyāya śikṣādaurbalyam anāviṣkṛtyābrahmacaryaṃ maithunaṃ dharmaṃ pratisevate antatas tiryagyonigatayāpi sārdhaṃ, ayam api bhikṣuḥ pārājiko bhavaty asaṃvāsyaḥ (義);復苾芻。若在聚落。若空閑處。他不與物以盜心取。如是盜時。若王若大臣。若捉若殺。若縛驅擯。若呵責言。咄男子。汝是賊癡無所知。作如是盜。如是盜者。苾芻亦得波羅市迦不應共住。yaḥ punar bhikṣur grāmagatam araṇyagataṃ vā pareṣāṃ adattaṃ steyasaṃkh[yātam ādadī]ta yadrūpeṇādattādānena rājā vainaṃ gṛhītvā rājamātro vā hanyād vā saṃbadhnīyād vā pravāsayed vā evaṃ cainaṃ vadet* -- tvaṃ bhoḥ puruṣa cauro ’si bālo ’si mūḍho ’si steyo ’sīty evaṃrūpaṃ bhikṣur adattaṃ ādadānaḥ ayam api bhikṣuḥ pārājayiko bhavaty asaṃvāsyaḥ (義);
indec: 若在欲界初靜慮中有尋有伺 anyatra vitarkavicārābhyāṃ kāmadhātau prathame ca dhyāne savitarkāḥ savicārāḥ (玄); 若人在此身中 atha yatra kāye sthitaś (真);
pres.part.pass: 若於五陰中説三無爲 skandheṣūcyamānaṃ (真);
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