There are four main versions of the Rhinoceros Sūtra (Khaḍgaviṣāṇasūtra), two in the Pali canon, a Sanskrit version in the Mahāsaṅghika-Lokottaravādin collection Mahāvastu, and a Gādhārī version perserved on British Library Fragment 5B. The text in verse exhorts the reader to practice wilderness solitude, as the refrain reads, "One should wander alone like a rhinoceros (horn)." As Richard Salomon points out, "the various Buddhist traditions surrounding the Rhinoceros Sūtra are unanimous, ..., in describing its verses as the inspired utterances (gāthā or udāna) of the pratyeka-buddhas." (A Gāndhārī Version of the Rhinoceros Sūtra, p. 8).

Khaggavisāṇasutta, Pali version (Suttanipata 1.3), PTS, pp. 6-12.

Salomon, Richard, and Andrew Glass. A Gāndhārī Version of the Rhinoceros Sūtra: British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragment 5B. Vol. 1. University of Washington Press, 2000.

The input was completed by (Allan) Yi Ding based on Salomon 2000.