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Grammar of Buddhist Chinese
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ā ī ū ṛ ṝ ḷ
ḹ ’ ṃ ḥ ṅ ñ
ṭ ḍ ṇ ṣ ś ź
š č ǰ γ    
Note on the transliteration:
The transliteration system of the BP/TLB is based on the Unicode/UTF-8 system. However, there may be difficulties with some of the letters – particularly on PC/Windows-based systems, but not so much on the Mac. We have chosen the most accepted older and traditional systems of transliteration against, e.g, Wylie for Tibetan, since with Unicode it is possible, in Sanskrit and Tibetan, etc., to represent one sound with one letter in almost all the cases (excepting Sanskrit and Tibetan aspirated letters, and Tibetan tsa, tsha, dza). We thus do not use the Wylie system which widely employs two letters for one sound (ng, ny, sh, zh etc.).
 
Important:
We ask you in particular to note the use of the ’ apostrophe and not the ' representing the avagrāha in Sanskrit, and most important the ’a-chuṅ in Tibetan. On the Mac the ’ is Alt-M.
 
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Grammar of Buddhist Chinese
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Grammar of Buddhist Chinese
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Contents

1. Preface


Preface:

Translators:

 

護 - Dharmarakṣa, Fǎhù 法護;

真 -  Paramārtha, Zhēndì, 真諦

玄 - Xuánzàng 玄奘;

義 - Yìjìng 義淨;

 

 

Grammatical categories:

 

a) Nouns:

 

nom.ag: nomen agentis

 

acc: accusative

inst: instrumental

abl: ablative

gen: genitive

loc: locative

pl: plural

 

b) Pronouns:

 

dem: demonstrative pronoun

rel: relative pronoun

 

c) Indeclinables:

 

cond: conditional conjunction

conj: conjunction

indec: indeclinable

 

d) Verbs:

 

opt: optative

caus: causative

fut: futurum

 

e) Absolutives of verbs:

 

ger: gerundium

 

f) Verb forms inflected as nouns, participles:

 

grdv: gerundive

perf.part.pass: perfect passive participle

pres.part.pass: present passive participle

 

g) Prefixes, prepositions:

 

pref: prefix

 

h) Suffixes:

 

abs: abstract suffix


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