▪ [v1] :
ḫaraṭa in the sense of ‘to pull off, strip (leaves from a tree)’ may have preserved the Sem etymon *ḪRṬ ‘to pull\scrape off, strip’ rather faithfully. As can be seen from what
DRS regards as cognates of the Ar items (
DRS #ḪRṬ-1, see below, section COGN), there is considerable semantic diversity within this group across Sem, so that it is difficult to decide which of the values should be more original than others; but the Ar value is certainly a good candidate (see below, section DISC).
▪ [v2] ‘to turn, shape with a lathe (wood, metal)’ is widespread in Ar and seems to have itself formed the basis for further semantic development (see [v3] and [v4]). Despite its obvious old age, however, this development seems to have remained an Ar ideosyncrasy, a special use of the original *‘scraping, stripping’, i.e., [v1].
▪ [v3] ‘to exaggerate, boast, brag, lie’ is prob. the result of fig. use of [v2], where the fabrication of lies etc. is compared to ‘turning, shaping s.th. with a lathe’. According to WehrCowan1976, this semantic development is specific to EgAr; in
DRS, however, the value is marked as SyrAr and EAr. Or should one compare Copt
šōrt ‘to confuse; to be mentally confused, crazy, obsessed’? The latter is prob. fig. use, from Copt
šort,
šoort,
šart ‘veil, cover’ (< Eg
ḫrd ‘bundle of linen’) – Westendorf2008.
1
▪ [v4] : The meaning ‘to cut into small pieces, mince, chop, dice (meat, carrots, etc.)’ of
ḫaraṭa could be a specialisation based on either [v1] ‘to pull off, strip (leaves from a tree)’ or [v2] ‘to turn, shape with a lathe (wood, metal)’. However, given the fact that the semantic relation between these and ‘to cut, mince, chop’ is not self-evident, it is perh. safer, for the moment, to keep the value apart.
▪ [gnrl] : For historically attested values that clearly are akin to those of the present entry, see below, section HIST. For other (possibly related) values, see section DISC.
▪ [gnrl] : A relation of vb. VII, ↗
ĭnḫaraṭa ‘to join, enter, affiliate with, penetrate, plunge headlong into, embark rashly upon’ and any of the other values of
ḫaraṭa may exist, but is hard to establish. If
ĭnḫaraṭa has somehow developed from [v1] ‘to strip/peel off (bark, etc.)’, the line of derivation may be imagined as *‘to get quickly rid of the bark, etc. (for so to be free to go over to s.th. else and) > plunge into, embark rashly upon’. But this is rather speculative.
DRS does not list
ĭnḫaraṭa. Interestingly enough, however, Klein1987 establishes a similar, distinct value for postBiblHbr
hiṯḥārēṭ ‘to repent, regret’ (from a homonymous root ²ḤRṬ) and puts Ar
ĭnḫaraṭa ‘to do ignorantly’ (sic!) alongside with it.
▪ [gnrl] :
†ḫarīṭaẗ ‘receptable, pouch, purse (of leather, rag, etc.)’ (↗
†ḪRṬ_9) seems to be a quasi-PP I describing, originally, *‘scraped off’ leather, hence also bags or other receptables made thereof. – For confusion and semantic merger
ḫarīṭaẗ ~
ḫāriṭaẗ ‘map, chart’ (prob. from It
c(h)arta), see ↗
ḫāriṭaẗ.
▪ [gnrl] : No obvious semantic relation with other items from same root, √ḪRṬ. SyrAr ↗
ḫarrāṭaẗ ‘skirt’ is perh. *‘(the garment that is) easy to strip off’ (in which case it would be derived from [v1]). The value is not mentioned in
DRS. |
▪ [gnrl] : The etymology of
†ḫaraṭ ‘coagulation of the milk in the udder’ (↗
†ḪRṬ_8) and related items
2
is obscure.
DRS lists it as a distinct value (#ḪRṬ-4), but without cognates in other Sem languages.
▪ [gnrl] : For the rare vb. XIII,
†ĭḫrawwaṭa, and its various meanings, cf. ↗
†ḪRṬ_10-11.