brahma vā idam agra āsīt | tad ātmānam evāvet | ahaṃ brahmāsmīti | tasmāt tat sarvam abhavat | tad yo yo devānāṃ pratyabudhyata sa eva tad abhavat | tatharṣīnām | tathā manuṣyāṇām | tad dhaitat paśyann ṛṣir vāmadevaḥ pratipede 'haṃ manur abhavaṃ sūryaś ceti | tad idam apy etarhi ya evaṃ vedāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati | tasya ha na devāś canābhūtyā īśate | ātmā hy eṣāṃ sa bhavati | atha yo 'nyāṃ devatām upāste 'nyo 'sāv anyo 'ham asmīti na sa veda | yathā paśur evaṃ sa devānām | yathā ha vai bahavaḥ paśavo manuṣyaṃ bhuñjyur evam ekaikaḥ puruṣo devān bhunakti | ekasminn eva paśāv ādīyamāne 'priyaṃ bhavati kim u bahuṣu | tasmād eṣāṃ tan na priyaṃ yad etan manuṣyā vidyuḥ ||
10. Verily in the beginning this was Brahman, that Brahman knew (its) Self only, saying, 'I am Brahman.' From it all this sprang. Thus, whatever Deva was awakened (so as to know Brahman), he indeed became that (Brahman); and the same with Rishis and men. The Rishi Vâmadeva saw and understood it, singing, 'I was Manu (moon), I was the sun.' Therefore now also he who thus knows that he is Brahman, becomes all this, and even the Devas cannot prevent it, for he himself is their Self. Now if a man worships another deity, thinking the deity is one and he another, he does not know. He is like a beast for the Devas. For verily, as many beasts nourish a man, thus does every man nourish the Devas. If only one beast is taken away, it is not pleasant; how much more when many are taken! Therefore it is not pleasant to the Devas that men should know this.
brahmāparam, sarvabhāvasya sādhyatvopapatteḥ | na hi parasya brahmaṇaḥ sarvabhāvāpattirvijñānasādhyā | vijñānasādhyāṃ ca sarvabhāvāpattirvijñānasādhyā | vijñānasādhyāṃ ca sarvabhāvāpattimāha -'tasmāttatsarvamabhavat'iti | tadasmādbrahma vā idamagra āsīdityaparaṃ brahmeha bhavitumarhati | manuṣyādhikārādvā tadbhāvī brāhmaṇaḥ syāt | 'sarvaṃ bhaviṣyanto manuṣyā manyante'iti hi manuṣyāḥ prakṛtāḥ, teṣāṃ cābhyudayaniḥśreyasasādhane viśeṣato 'dhikāra ityuktam, na parasya brahmaṇo nāpyaparasya prajāpateḥ | ato dvaitaikatvāparabrahmavidyayā karmasahitayā aparabrahmabhāvamupasampanno bhojyādapāvṛttaḥ sarvaprāptyocchinnakāmakarmabandhanaḥ parabrahmabhāvī brahmavidyāhetorbrahmetyabhidhīyate | dṛṣṭaśca loke bhāvinīṃ vṛttimāśritya śabdaprayogaḥ - yathā'odanaṃ pacati'iti, śāstre ca -'parivrājakaḥ sarvabhūtābhayadakṣiṇām'ityādi, tatheheti kecit - brahma brahmabhāvī puruṣo brāhmaṇaḥ - iti vyācakṣate | tanna, sarvabhāvāpatteranityatvadoṣāt | na hi so 'sti loke paramārthato yo nimittavaśādbhāvāntaramāpadyate nityaśceti | tathā brahmavijñānanimittakṛtā cetsarvabhāvāpattiḥ, nityā ceti viruddham | anityatve ca karmaphalatulyatetyukto doṣaḥ | avidyākṛtāsarvatvanivṛttiṃ cetsarvabhāvāpattiṃ brahmavidyāphalaṃ manyase, brahmabhāvipuruṣakalpanā vyarthā syāt;prāgbrahmavijñānādapi sarvo jantubrahmatvānnityameva sarvabhāvāpannaḥ paramārthataḥ, avidyayā tvabrahmatvamasarvatvaṃ cādhyāropitam yathā śuktikāyāṃ rajatam, vyomni vā talamalavattvādi, tatheha brahmaṇyadhyoropitamavidyayā abrahmatvamasarvatvaṃ ca brahmavidyayā nivartyata iti manyase yadi, tadā yuktam yatparamārthata āsītparaṃ brahma, brahmaśabdasya mukhyārthabhūtam'brahma vā idamagra āsīt'ityasminvākye ucyate iti vaktum;yathābhūtārthavāditvādvedasya | na tviyaṃ kalpanā yuktā, brahmaśabdārthaviparīto brahmabhāvī puruṣo brahmetyucyata iti śrutahānyaśrutakalpanāyā anyāyyatvānmahattare prayojanāntare 'sati | avidyākṛtavyatirekeṇābrahmatvamasarvatvaṃ ca vidyata eveti cenna, tasya brahmavidyayāpohānupapatteḥ | na hi kvacitsākṣādvastudharmasyāpoḍhrī dṛṣṭā kartrī vā brahmavidyā | avidyāyāstu sarvatraiva nivartikā dṛśyate | tathehāpyabrahmatvamasarvatvaṃ cāvidyākṛtameva nivartyatāṃ brahmavidyayā | na tu pāramārthikaṃ vastu kartuṃ nivartayituṃ vārhati brahmavidyā | tasmādvyarthaiva śrutahānyaśrutakalpanā | brahmaṇyavidyānupapattiriti cet? na, brahmaṇi vidyāvidhānāt | na hi śuktikāyāṃ rajatādhyāropaṇe 'sati śuktikātvaṃ jñāpyate cakṣurgocarāpannāyām - iyaṃ śuktikā na rajatam, iti | tathā"sadevedaṃ sarvam" "brahmaivedaṃ sarvam" "ātmaivedaṃ sarvam" "nedaṃ dvaitamastyabrahma"iti brahmaṇyekatvavijñānaṃ na vidhātavyaṃ brahmaṇyavidyādhyāropaṇāyāmasatyām | na brūmaḥ - śuktikāyāmiva brahmaṇyataddharmādhyāropaṇā nāstīti, kiṃ tarhi? na brahma svātmanyataddharmādhyāropanimittam, avidyākartṛ ceti | bhavatvevaṃ nāvidyākartṛ bhrāntaṃ ca brahma | kiṃntu naivābrahmāvidyākartā cetano bhrānto 'nya iṣyate | "nānyo 'to 'sti vijñātā" (bṛ.u.3 | 7 | 23) "nānyadato 'sti vijñātṛ"(3 | 8 | 11) "tattvamasi"(chā.u.6 | 8 -13)"ātmānamevāvet | ahaṃ brahmāsmi"(bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 10) "anyo 'sāvanyo 'hamasmīti na sa veda"(1 | 4 | 10) ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | smṛtibhyaśca -"samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu"(gītā 13 | 27) "ahamātmāguḍākeśa"(gītā 10 | 20) "śuni caiva śvapāke ca"(gītā 5 | 18) "yastu sarvāṇi bhūtāni"ityādibhyaḥ | "yasminsarvāṇi bhūtāni" (īśā.u.7) iti ca mantravarṇāt | nanvevaṃ śāstropadeśānarthakyamiti | bāḍhamevam avagate 'stvevānarthakyam | avagamanarthakyamiti cet? na, anavagamanivṛtterdṛṣṭatvāt | tannivṛtterapyanupapattirekatva iti cet? na dṛṣṭavirodhāt | dṛśyate hyekatvavijñānādevānavagamanivṛttiḥ, dṛśyamānamapyanupapannamiti bruvato dṛṣṭavirodhaḥ syāt;na ca dṛṣṭavirodhaḥ kenacidapyabhyupagamyate | na ca dṛṣṭe 'nupapannaṃ nāma, dṛṣṭatvādeva | darśanānupapattiriti cettatrāpyeṣaiva yuktiḥ | "puṇyaṃ vai puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati"(bṛ.u.3 | 2 | 13) "taṃ vidyākarmaṇī samanvārabhete" (4 | 4 | 2) ityevamādiśrutismṛtinyāyebhyaḥ parasmādvilakṣaṇo 'nyaḥ saṃsāryavagamyate | tadvilakṣaṇaśca paraḥ"sa eṣa neti neti"(bṛ.u.3 | 9 | 23) "aśanāyādyatyeti" "ya ātmāpahatapāpmā vijaro vimṛtyuḥ"(chā.u.8 | 7 | 1) "etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane"(bṛ.u.3 | 8 | 9) ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | kaṇādākṣapādāditarkaśāstreṣu ca saṃsāravilakṣaṇa īśvara upapattitaḥ sādhyate | saṃsāraduḥkhāpanayārthitvapravṛttidarśanātsphuṭamanyatvamīśvarātsaṃsāriṇo 'vagamyate | "avākyanādaraḥ"(chā.u.3 | 14 | 2) "na me pārthāsti" (gītā3 | 22) iti śrutibhyaḥ | "so 'nveṣṭavyaḥ sa vijijñāsitavyaḥ"(chā.u.8 | 7 | 1) "taṃ viditvā na lipyate"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 23) "brahmavidāpnoti param"(tai.u.2 | 1 | 1) "ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyametat"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 20) "yo vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgyaviditvā"(3 | 8 | 10) "tameva dhīro vijñāya"(4 | 4 | 21) "praṇavo dhanuḥ śaro hyātmā brahma tallakṣyamucyate" (mu.u.2 | 2 | 4) ityādikarmakartṛnirdeśācca | mumukṣośca gatimārgaviśeṣadeśopadeśāt | asati bhede kasya kuto gatiḥ syāt? tadabhāve ca dakṣiṇottaramārgaviśeṣānupapattiḥ, gantavyadeśānupapattiśceti | bhinnasya tu parasmādātmanaḥ sarvametadupapannam | karmajñānasādhanopadeśācca - bhinnaścedbrahmaṇaḥ saṃsārī syāt, yuktastaṃ pratyabhyudayaniḥśreyasādhanayoḥ karmajñānayorupadeśo neśvarasyāptakāmatvāt | tasmādyuktaṃ brahmeti brahmabhāvī puruṣa ucyata iti cet? na, brahmopadeśānarthakyaprasaṅgāt | saṃsārī ced - brahmabhāvyabrahma san viditvātmānamevāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sarvamabhavattasya saṃsāryātmavijñānādeva sarvātmabhāvasya phalasya siddhatvātparabrahmopadeśasya dhruvamānarthakyaṃ prāptam | tadvijñānasya kvacitpuruṣārthasādhane 'viniyāgātsaṃsāriṇa evāhaṃ brahmāsmīti brahmatvasampādanārtha upadeśa iti cet | anirjñāte hi brahmasvarūpe kiṃ sampādayedahaṃ brahmāsmīti | nirjñātalakṣaṇe hi brahmaṇi śakyā sampatkartum | na; "ayamātmā brahma"(bṛ.u.2 | 5 | 19) catsākṣādaparokṣādbrahma (3 | 4 | 1) ya ātmā (chā.u.8 | 7 | 1) tatsatyaṃ sa ātmā (chā.u.6 | 8 | 7) brahmavidāpnoti param (tai.u.2 | 1 | 1 | ) iti prakṛtya tasmādvā etasmādātmanaḥ (2 | 1 | 1) iti sahasraśo brahmātmaśabdayoḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyādekārthatvamevetyavagamyate | anyasya hyanyatve sampatkriyate naikatve | idaṃ sarvaṃ yadayamātmā (bṛ.u.2 | 4 | 6) iti ca prakṛtasyaiva draṣṭavyasyātmana ekatvaṃ darśayati | tasmānnātmano brahmatvasampadupapattiḥ | na cāpyanyatprayojanaṃ brahmopadeśasya gamyate, brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati (mu.u.3 | 2 | 9) abhayaṃ vai janaka prāpto 'si (bṛ.u.4 | 2 | 4) abhayaṃ hi vai brahma bhavati (4 | 4 | 25) iti ca tadāpattiśravaṇāt | sampattiścettadāpattirna syāt | na hyanyasyāmyabhāva upapadyate | vacanāt sampatterapi tadbhāvāpattiḥ syāditi cet? na, sampatteḥ pratyayamātratvāt | vijñānasya ca mithyājñānanivartakatvavyatirekeṇākārakatvamityavocāma | na ca vacanaṃ vastunaḥ sāmarthyajanakam | jñāpakaṃ hi śāstraṃ na kārakamiti sthitiḥ | sa eṣa iha praviṣṭaḥ (bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 7) ityādivākyeṣu ca parasyaiva praveśa iti sthitam | tasmādbrahmeti na brahmabhāvipuruṣakalpanā sādhvī | iṣṭārthabādhanācca | saindhavadhanavadanantaramabāhyamekarasaṃ brahmeti vijñānaṃ sarvasyāmupaniṣadi pratipipādayiṣitor'thaḥ | kāṇḍadvaye 'pyante 'vadhāraṇādavagamyate ityanuśāsanam etāvadare khalvamṛtatvam iti. tathā sarvaśākhopaniṣatsu ca brahmaikatvavijñānaṃ niścitor'thaḥ | tatra yadi saṃsārī brahmaṇo 'nya ātmānamevāvediti kalpyeta, iṣṭasyārthasya nādhanaṃ syāt | tathā ca śāstramupakramopasaṃhārayorvirodhādasamañjasaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | vyapadeśānupapatteśca | yadi ca ātmānamevāvet iti saṃsārī kalpyeta, brahmavidyā iti vyapadeśo na syāt | ātmānamevāvediti saṃsāriṇa eva vedyatvopapatteḥ | ātmeti vedituranyaducyata iti cenna, ahaṃ brahmāsmīti viśeṣaṇāt | anyaścedvedyaḥ syādayamasāviti vā viśeṣyeta na tvahamasmīti | ahamasmīti viśeṣaṇādātmānamevāvediti cāvadhāraṇānniścitamātmaiva brahmetyavagamyate | tathā ca satyupapanno brahmavidyāvyapadeśo nānyathā | saṃsārividyā hyanyathā syāt | na ca brahmatvābrahmatve hyekasyopapanne paramārthataḥ, tamaḥprakāśāviva bhānorviruddhatvāt | na cobhayanimittatve brahmavidyeti niścito vyapadeśo yuktaṃ tattvajñānavivakṣāyām, śrotuḥ saṃśayo hi tathā syāt | niścitaṃ ca jñānaṃ puruṣārthasādhanamiṣyate"yasya syādddhā na vicikitsāsti" (chā.u.3 | 14 | 4) "saṃśayātmā vinaśyati"(gītā 4 | 40) iti śrutismṛtibhyām | ato na saṃśayito vākyārtho vācyaḥ parahitārthinā | brahmaṇi sādhakatvakalpanā asmadādiṣviva apeśalā'tadātmānamevāvettasmāttatsarvamabhavat'iti - iti cet? na, śāstropālambhāt | na hyasmātkalpaneyam, śāstrakṛtā tu;tasmācchāstrasyāyamupālambhaḥ | na ca brahmaṇa iṣṭaṃ cikīrṣuṇā śāstrāthaviparītakalpanā svārthaparityāgaḥ kāryaḥ | na caitāvatyevākṣamā yuktā bhavataḥ | sarvaṃ hi nānātvaṃ brahmaṇi kalpitameva"ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 20) "neha nānāsti kiñcana" (4 | 4 | 19) "yatra hi dvaitamiva bhavati" (2 | 4 | 14) "ekamevādvitīyam"(chā.u.6 | 2 | 1) ityādivākyaśatebhyaḥ | sarvo hi lokavyavahāro brahmaṇyeva kalpito na paramārthaḥ san, ityatyalpamidamucyate'iyameva kalpanā apeśalā'iti | tasmād yatpraviṣṭaṃ sraṣṭrṛ brahma tadbrahma | vaiśabdo 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ | idaṃ śarīrasthaṃ yad gṛhyate, agre prākpratibodhādapi brahmaivāsīt, sarvaṃ cedam | kintvapratibodhāt abrahmāsmyasarvaṃ ca ityātmanyadhyāropāt'kartāhe kriyāvānphalānāṃ ca bhoktā sukhī duḥkho saṃsārī'iti cādhyāropayati | paramārthatastu brahmaiva tadvilakṣaṇaṃ sarvaṃ ca | tatkathañcidācāryeṇa dayālunā pratibodhitam'nāsi saṃsārī'ityātmānamevāvetsvābhāvikam | avidyādhyāropitaviśeṣavarjitamiti eva śabdasyārthaḥ | brūhi ko 'sāvātmā svābhāvikaḥ, yamātmānaṃ viditavadbrahma | nanu na smarasyātmānam, darśito hyasau, ya iha praviśya prāṇityapāniti vyānityudāniti samānitīti | nanu'asau gauḥ, asāvaśvaḥ'ityevamasau vyapadiśyate bhavatā nātmānaṃ pratyakṣaṃ darśayasi | evaṃ tarhi draṣṭā śrotā mantā vijñātā, sa ātmeti | nanvatrāpi darśanādikriyākartuḥ svarūpaṃ na pratyakṣaṃ darśayasi | na hi gamireva gantuḥ svarūpaṃ chidirvā chettuḥ | evaṃ tarhi dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā śruteḥ śrotā matermantā vijñātervijñātā, sa ātmeti | nanvatra ko viśeṣo draṣṭari? yadi dṛṣṭardraṣṭā. yadi vā ghaṭasya draṣṭā, sarvathāpi draṣṭaiva | draṣṭavya eva tu bhavānviśeṣamāha dṛṣṭerdraṣṭeti draṣṭā tu yadi dṛṣṭeḥ, yadi vā ghaṭasya, draṣṭā draṣṭaiva | na, viśeṣopapatteḥ | astyatra viśeṣaḥ dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā sa dṛṣṭim, na kadācidapi dṛṣṭirna dṛśyate draṣṭā;tatra draṣṭurdṛṣṭyā nityayā bhavitavyam, anityā ced draṣṭurdṛṣṭiḥ, tatra dṛśyā yā dṛṣṭiḥ sā kadācinna dṛśyetāpi, yathānityayā dṛṣṭyā ghaṭādi vastu | na ca tadvad dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā kadācidapi na paśyati dṛṣṭim | kiṃ dve dṛṣṭī draṣṭuḥ - nityā adṛśyā, anyā anityā dṛśyeti? bāḍham;prasiddhā tāvadanityā dṛṣṭiḥ, andhānandhatvadarśanāt | nityaiva cetsarvo 'nandha eva syāt | draṣṭastu nityā dṛṣṭiḥ"na hi draṣṭurdṛṣṭerviparilopo vidyate" -iti śruteḥ | anumānācca - andhasyāpi ghaṭādyābhāsaviṣayā svapne dṛṣṭirupalabhyate, sā tarhītaradṛṣṭināśe na paśyati, sā draṣṭurdṛṣṭiḥ | tayāvipariluptayā nityayā dṛṣṭyā svarūpabhūtayā svayañjyotiḥsamākhyathetāmanityāṃ dṛṣṭiṃ svapnavuddhāntayorvāsanāpratyayarūpāṃ nityameva paśyandṛṣṭerdraṣṭā bhavati | evaśca sati dṛṣṭireva svarūpamasyāgnyauṣṇyavat, na kāṇādānāmiva dṛṣṭivyatirikto 'nyaścetano draṣṭā | tadbrahma ātmānameva nityadṛgrūpamadhyāropitānityadṛṣṭyādivarjitamevāvedviditavat | nanu vipratiṣiddhaṃ"na vijñātevijñātāraṃ vijānīyāḥ"(bṛ.u.3 | 4 | 2) iti śruteḥ, vijñāturvijñānam | na, evaṃ vijñānānna vipratiṣedhaḥ | evaṃ dṛṣṭerdraṣṭeti vijñāyata eva | anyajñānānapekṣatvācca - na ca draṣṭurnityaiva dṛṣṭirityevaṃ vijñāte draṣṭriviṣayāṃ dṛṣṭimanyāmākāṅkṣate | nivartate hi draṣṭuviṣayadṛṣṭyākāṅkṣā tadasambhavādeva | na hyavidyamāne viṣaya ākāṅkṣā kasyacidupajāyate | na ca dṛśyā dṛṣṭirdraṣṭāraṃ viṣayīkartumutsahate, yatastāmākāṅkṣeta | na ca svarūpaviṣayākhāṅkṣāsvasyaiva | tasmādajñānādhyāropaṇanivṛttireva'atmānamevāvet ityuktam,nātmano viṣayīkaraṇam' | tatkathamavet? ityāha - ahaṃ dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā ātmā brahmāsmi bhavāmīti brahmeti - yatsākṣādaparokṣātsarvāntara ātmā aśanāyādyatīto neti netyasthūlamanaṇvityevamādi lakṣaṇam, tadevāhamasmi, nānyaḥ saṃsārī, yathā bhavānāheti | tasmādevaṃ vijñānāttadbrahma sarvamabhavat | tasmādyuktameva manuṣyā manyante yadbrahmavidyayā sarvaṃ bhaviṣyāma iti | yatpṛṣṭam,'kimu tadbrahmāved yasmāttatsarvamabhavat'iti, tannirṇītam -'brahma vā idamagra āsīt tadātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmīti tasmāttatsarvamabhavat'iti | tattatra yo yo devānāṃ madhye pratyabudhyata pratibuddhvānātmānaṃ yathoktena ātmā tadbrahmābhavat | tatharpīṇāṃ tathā manuṣyāṇāṃ ca madhye | devānāmityādi lokadṛṣṭyapekṣayā na brahmatvabuddhyocyate | 'puraḥ puruṣa āviśat'iti sarvatra brahmaivānupraviṣṭamityādyucyate | paramārthatastu tatra tatra brahmaivāgra āsītprākpratibodhād devādiśarīreśvanyathaiva vibhāvyamānam | tadātmānamevāvettathaiva ca sarvamabhavat | asyā brahmavidyāyāḥ sarvabhāvāpattiḥ phalamityetasyārthasya draḍhimne mantrānudāharati śrutiḥ | katham? tad brahma etadātmānameva'ahamasmi'iti paśyannetasmādeva brahmaṇo darśanādṛṣṭirvāmadevākhyaḥ pratipede ha pratipannavānkila | sa etasminmantrāndadarśa -'ahaṃ manurabhavaṃ sūryaśca'ityādīn | tadetadbrahma paśyan iti brahmavidyā parāmṛśyate | 'ahaṃ manurabhavaṃ suryaśca'ityādinā sarvabhāvāpattiṃ brahmavidyāphalaṃ parāmṛśati | paśyansarvātmabhāvaṃ phalaṃ pratipeda ityasmātprayogād brahmavidyāsahāyasādhanasādhyaṃ mokṣaṃ darśayati;bhuñjānastṛpyatīti yadvat | seyaṃ brahmavidyayā sarvabhāvāpattirāsīnmahatāṃ devādīnāṃ vīryātiśayāt | nedānīmaidaṃyugīnānāṃ viśeṣato manuṣyāṇām, alpavīryatvāditi syātkasyacidbuddhiḥ, tadutthāpanāyāha- tadidaṃ prakṛtaṃ brahma yatsarvabhūtānupraviṣṭaṃ dṛṣṭikriyādiliṅgam, etarhyetasminnapi vartamānakāle yaḥ kaścidvyāvṛttabāhyautsukya ātmānamevaivaṃ veda'ahaṃ brahmāsmi'iti apohyopādhijanitabhrāntivijñānādhyāropitānviśeṣān saṃsāradharmānāgandhitamanantaramabāhyaṃ brahyevāhamasmi kevalamiti-so 'vidyākṛtāsarvatvanivṛtterbrahāvijhānādidaṃ sarva bhavati | na hi mahāvīryeṣu vāmaḍhevādiṣu hīnavīryeṣu vā vārtamānikeṣu manuṣyeṣubrahyaṇo viśeṣastadvijhānasya vāsti | vārtamānikeṣu puruṣeṣu tu bahyavidyāphale anaikāntikatā śaḍkyata ityata āha-tasya ha brahyavijhāturyathotkena vidhinā devā mahāvīryāśca nāpi abhūtatya.abhavanāya brahyāsarvamāvasya, neśate na paryāptāḥ, kimutānye | brahyāvidyāphalaprāpyau vidhnakaraṇe devādaya īśata iti kā śaḍkā? ityucyate-devādīnprati ṛṇavattvānmartyānām | "brahyacaryeṇa ṛpibhyo yajhena devabhyaḥ prajayā pitṛbhyaḥ"iti hi jāyamānamevarṇavantaṃ puruṣaṃ darśayati śrutiḥ | paśunidarśanācca"atho 'yaṃ vā"(bṛ.u. 1 | 4 | 16) ityādlokaśruteścātmano vṛttiparipipālayiṣayādhamarṇānivaṃ devāḥ paratantrānmanuṣyānpratyamṛtatvaprāptiṃ prati vidhnaṃ kuryuriti nyāyyaivaiṣā śaḍkā | svapaśūnsvaśarīrāṇīva ca rakṣanti devāḥ | mahattarāṃ hi vṛttiṃ karmādhīnāṃ darśayṣyati devādīnāṃ bahupaśusamatayaikaikasya puruṣasya | "tasmāndepāṃ tanna priyaṃ yadetanmanudhyā vidyāḥ"(1 | 4 | 10) iti hahi vakṣyati | "yathā ha vai svāya lokāyāriṣṭimicchedevaṃ haivaṃvide sarvāṇi bhūtānyariṣṭimicchanti"(1 | 4 | 16) iti ca | brahyāviśve pārārthyanivṛtterna svalokatvaṃ paśutvañcetyamiprāyo 'priyāriṣṭivacanābhyāmavagamyate | tasmādbrahyāvido brahyavidyāphalarprāpta prati kuryureva vidhnaṃ devāḥ, prabhāvavantaśca hi te | nanvevaṃ satyanyāsvapi karmaphalaprāptipudevānāṃ vidhnakaraṇaṃpeyapānasamam | hanta tarhyāvisrambho 'bhyudayaniḥśreyasasādhanā. nuṣṭhāneṣu | tatheśvarasyācintaya. śaktitvādvidhnakaraṇe prabhutvam | tathā kālakarmamantrauṣadhitapasām | eṣāṃ hi phalasampattivipattihetutvaṃ śāstre loke ca prasidvam | ato 'pyanāśvāsaḥ śāstrārthānuṣṭhāne | na;sarvapadārthānāṃ niyatanimittopādānāt, jagadvaicitryadarśanācca | svabhāvapakṣe ca tadubhayānupapatteḥ | 'sukhaduḥkhādi phalanimittaṃ karma'ityetasminpakṣe sthite vedasmṛtinyāyalokaparigṛhīte, deveśvarakālāstāvanna karmaphalaviparyāsakartāraḥ, karmaṇāṃ kāṅkṣitakārakatvāt | karma hi śubhāśubhaṃ puruṣāṇāṃ devakāleśvarādikārakamanapekṣya nātmānaṃ prati labhate, labdhātmakamapi phaladāne 'samartham, kriyāyā hi kārakādyanekanimittopādānasvābhāvyāt | tasmātkriyānuguṇā hi deveśvarādaya iti karmasu tāvanna phalaprāptiṃ pratyavisrambhaḥ | karmaṇāmapyeṣāṃ vaśānigatvaṃ kvacit, svasāmarthyasyāpraṇodyatvāt | karmakāladaivadravyādisvabhāvānāṃ guṇapradhānabhāvastvaniyato durvijñeyaśceti tatkṛto moho lokasya - karmaiva kārakaṃ nānyatphalaprāptāviti kecitaṃ;daivamevetyapare;kāla ityeke;dravyādisvabhāva iti kecit;sarva ete saṃhatā evetyapare | tatra karmaṇaḥ prādhānyamaṅgīkṛtya vedasmṛtivādāḥ -"puṇyo vai puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena"(bṛ.u.3 | 2 | 13) ityādayaḥ | yadyapyeṣāṃ svaviṣaye kasyacitprādhānyodbhava itareṣāṃ tatkālīnaprādhānyaśaktistambhaḥ, tathāpi na karmaṇaḥ phalaprāptiṃ pratyanaikāntikatvam, śāstranyāyanirdhāritatvātkarmaprādhānyasya | na;avidyāpagamamātratvād brahmaprāptiphalasya - yaduktaṃ brahmaprāptiphalaṃ prati devā vighnaṃ kuryuriti, tatra na devānāṃ vighnakaraṇe sāmarthyam;kasmāt? vidyākālānantaritatvād brahmaprāptiphalasya | katham? yathā loke draṣṭuścakṣuṣa ālokena saṃyogo yatkālaḥ, tatkāla eva rūpābhivyaktiḥ | evamātmaviṣayaṃ vijñānaṃ yatkālam, tatkāla eva tadviṣayajñānatirobhāvaḥ syāt | ato brahmavidyāyāṃ satyāmavidyākāryānupapatteḥ pradīpa iva tamaḥkāryasya, kena kasya vighnaṃ kuryurdevāḥ - yatrātmatvameva devānāṃ brahmavidaḥ | tadetadāha - ātmā svarūpaṃ dhyeyaṃ yattatsarvaśāstrairvijñeyaṃ brahma, hi yasmāt, eṣāṃ devānām, sabrahmavidbhavati | brahmavidyāsamakālamevāvidyāmātravyavadhānāpagamācchuktikāyā iva rajatābhāsāyāḥ śuktikātvamityavocāma | ato nātmanaḥ pratikūlatve devānāṃ prayatnaḥ sambhavati | yasya hyanātmabhūtaṃ phalaṃ deśakālanimittāntaritam, tatrānātmaviṣaye saphalaḥ prayatno vighnācaraṇāya devānām | na tviha vidyāsamakāla ātmabhūte deśakālanimittānantarite, avasarānupapatteḥ | evaṃ tarhi vidyāpratyayasantatyabhāvād viparītapratyayatatkāryayośca darśanād antya evātmapratyayo 'vidyānivartako na tu pūrva iti | na;prathamenānaikāntikatvāt | yadi hi prathama ātmaviṣayaḥ pratyayo 'vidyāṃ na nivartayati, tathāntyo 'pi, tulyaviṣayatvāt | evaṃ tarhi santato 'vidyānivartako na vicchinna iti | na, jīvanādau sati santatyanupapatteḥ | na hi jīvanādihetuke pratyaye sati vidyāpratyayasantatirupapadyate, virodhāt | atha jīvanādipratyayatiraskaraṇenaiva āmaraṇāntādvidyāsantatiriti cenna, pratyayeyattāsamantānānavadhāraṇācchāstrārthānavadhāraṇadoṣāt | iyatāṃ pratyayānāṃ santatiravidyāyā nivartiketyanavadhāraṇācchāstrārtho nāvadhriyeta, taccāniṣṭam | santatimātratve 'vadhārita eveti cet? na, ādyantayoraviśeṣāt | prathamā vidyāpratyayasantatirmaraṇakālāntā veti viśeṣābhāvāt, ādyantayoḥ pratyayoḥ pūrvoktau doṣau prasajyeyātām | evaṃ tarhyanivartaka eveti cet? na,"tasmāttatsarvamabhavat"(bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 10) iti śruteḥ | "bhidyate hṛdayagranthiḥ"(mu.u.2 | 2 | 8) "tatra ko mohaḥ" (īśā.7) ityādi śrutibhyaśca | arthavāda iti cet? na, sarvaśākhopaniṣadaḥ | pratyakṣapramitātmaviṣayatvādastyeveti cet? na, uktaparihāratvāt | avidyāśokamohabhayādidoṣanivṛtteḥ pratyakṣatvāditi coktaḥ parihāraḥ | tasmādādyo 'ntyaḥ santato 'santataścetyacodyametat | avidyādidoṣanivṛttiphalāvasānatvādvidhāyāḥ | ya evāvidyādidoṣanivṛttiphalakṛtpratyaya ādyo 'ntyaḥ santato 'santato vā sa eva vidyetyabhyupagamānna codyasyāvatāragandho 'pyasti | yattūktaṃ viparītapratyayatatkāryayośca darśanāditi, na;taccheṣasthitihetutvāt | yena karmaṇā śarīramārabdhaṃ tadviparītapratyayadoṣanimittatvāttasya tathābhūtasyaiva viparītapratyayadoṣasaṃyuktasya phaladāne sāvarthyamiti, yāvaccharīrapātaḥ tāvatphalopabhogāṅgatayā viparītapratyayaṃ rāgādidoṣaṃ ca tāvanmātramākṣipatyeva, mukteṣuvatpravṛttaphalatvāttaddhetukasya karmaṇaḥ | tena na tasya nivartukā vidyā, avirodhāt | kiṃ tarhi svāśrayādeva svātmavirodhyavidyākāryaṃ yadutpitsu tanniruṇāddhi, anāgatatvāt | atītaṃ hītarat | kiñca, na ca viparītapratyayo vidyāvata utpadyate, nirviṣayatvāt | anavadhṛtaviṣayaviśeṣasvarūpaṃ hi sāmānyamātramāśritya viparītapratyaya utpadyamāna utpadyate, yathā śuktikāyāṃ rajatamiti | sa ca viṣayaviśeṣāvadhāraṇavato 'śeṣaviparītapratyayāśrayasyopamarditatvānna pūrvavatsambhavati, śuktikādau samyakpratyayātpattau punagdarśanāt | kvacittu vidyāyāḥ pūrvotpannaviparītapratyayajanitasaṃskārebhyo viparītapratyayāvabhāsāḥ smṛtayo jāyamānāviparītapratyayabhrāntimakasmātkurvanti;yathā vijñātadigvibhāgasyāpyakasmāddigviparyayavibhramaḥ | samyagjñānavato 'pi cetpūrvavadviparītapratyaya utpadyate, samyagjñāne 'pyavisrambhācchāstrārthavijñānādau pravṛttirasamañjasā syātsarvaṃ ca pramāṇamapramāṇaṃ sampadyeta pramāṇāpramāṇayorviśeṣānupapatteḥ | etena'samyagjñānānantarameva śarīrapātābhāvaḥ kasmāt? 'ityetat parihṛtam | jñānotpatteḥ prāgūrdhvaṃ tatkālajanmāntarasañcitānāṃ vināśaḥ siddho bhavati phalaprāptivighnaniṣedhaśrutereva | "kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi"(mu.u.2 | 2 | 8) "tasya tāvadeva ciram"(chā.u.6 | 14 | 2) "sarve pāpmānaḥ pradrūyante"(chā.u.5 | 24 | 3) "taṃ viditvā na lipyate karmaṇā pāpakena"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 23) "etamu haivaite na tarataḥ"(4 | 4 | 22) "nainaṃ kṛtākṛte tapataḥ"(4 | 4 | 22) "etaṃ ha vāva na tapati"(tai.u.2 | 9 | 1) "na bibheti kutaścana"(tai.u.2 | 9 | 1) ityādi śrutibhyaśca | "jñānāgniḥ sarvakarmāṇi bhasmasātkurute"(gītā 4 | 37) ityādismṛtibhyaśca | yattu ṛṇaiḥ pratibadhyata iti, tanna, avidyāvadvipayatvāt | avidyāvānhi ṛṇī, tasya kartṛtvādyupapatteḥ | 'yatra vā anyadiva syāttatrānyo 'nyatpaśyet'(4 | 3 | 31) iti hi vakṣyati | ananyatsadvastvātmākhyaṃ yatrāvidyāyāṃ satyāmanyadivasyāttimirakṛtadvitīyacandravat, tatrāvidyākṛtānekakārakāpekṣaṃ darśanādikarma tatkṛtaṃ phalaṃ ca darśayati,"tatrānyo 'nyatpaśyet"ityādinā | yatra punarvidyāyāṃ satyāmavidyākṛtānekatvabhramaprahāṇam,"tatkena kaṃ paśyet"(4 | 5 | 15) iti karmāsambhavaṃ darśayati | tasmādavidyāvadviṣaya eva ṛṇitvam, karmasambhavāt;netaratra | etaccottaratra vyācikhyāsiṣyamāṇairevavākyairvistareṇa pradarśayiṣyāmaḥ | tadyathehaiva tāvat - atha yaḥ kaścidabrahmavid anyāmātmāno vyatiriktāṃ yāṃ kāñciddevatām, upāste stutinamaskārayāgabalyupahārapraṇidhānādinā upa āste - anyo 'sāvanātmā mattaḥ pṛthak, anyo 'hamasmyadhikṛtaḥ, mayāsmai ṛṇivatpratikartavyam - ityevampratyayo veda vijānāti tattvam | na sa kevalamevaṃbhūto 'vidvānavidyādoṣavāneva, kiṃ tarhi? yathā paśurgavādirvāhanadohanādyupakārairupabhujyate, evaṃ sa ijyādyanekopakārairupabhoktavyatvādekaikena devādīnām, ataḥ paśuriva sarvārtheṣu karmasvadhikṛta ityarthaḥ | etasya hyaviduṣo varṇāśramādipravibhāgavato 'dhikṛtasya karmaṇo vidyāsahitasya kevalasya ca śāstroktasya kāryaṃ manuṣyatvādiko brahmānta utkarṣaḥ | śāstroktaviparītasya ca svābhāvikasya kāryaṃ manuṣyatvādika eva sthāvarānto 'pakarṣaḥ | yathā caitattathā"atha trayo vāva lokāḥ" (1 | 5 | 16) ityādinā vakṣyāmaḥ kṛtsnenaivādhyāyaśeṣeṇa | vidyayāśca kāryaṃ sarvātmabhāvāpattirityetatsaṅkṣepato darśitam | sarvāhīyamupaniṣad vidyāvidyāvibhāgapradarśanenaivopakṣīṇā | yathā caiṣor'thaḥ kṛtsnasya śāstrasya tathā pradarśayiṣyāmaḥ | yasmādevam, tasmādavidyāvantaṃ puruṣaṃ prati devā īśata eva vighnaṃ kartumanugrahaṃ cetyetaddarśayati - yathā ha vai loke bahavo go-aśvādayaḥ paśavo manuṣyaṃ svāminamātmano 'dhiṣṭhātāraṃ bhuñjyuḥ pālayeyurevaṃ bahupaśusthānīya ekaiko 'vidvānpuruṣo devān - devāniti pitrādyupalakṣaṇārtham - bhunakti pālayatīti |
ima indrādayo 'nye matto mameśitāro bhṛtya ivāhameṣāṃ stutinamaskārejyādinārādhanaṃ kṛtvābhyudayaṃ niḥśreyasaṃ ca tatprattaṃphalaṃ prāpsyāmītyevamabhisandhiḥ |
tatra loke bahupaśumato yathaikasminneva paśāvādīyamāne vyāghrādināpahiyamāṇe mahadapriyaṃ bhavati, tathā bahupaśusthānīya ekasminpuruṣe paśubhāvād vyuttiṣṭhatyapriyaṃ bhavatīti, kiṃ citraṃ devānāṃ bahupaśvapaharaṇa iva kuṭuṃbinaḥ |
tasmādeṣāṃ devānāṃ tanna priyam, kiṃ tat? yadetadbrahmātmatattvaṃ kathañcana manuṣyā vidyurvijānīyuḥ tathā ca smaraṇamanugītāsu bhagavato vyāsasya - "kriyāvadbhirhi kaunteya devalokaḥ samāvṛtaḥ |
na caitadiṣṭaṃ devānāṃ maryairupari vartanam ||
" ato devāḥ paśūniva vyāghrādibhyo brahmavijñānādvighnamācikīrṣanti;asmadupabhogyatvānmāvyuttiṣṭheyuriti |
yaṃ tu mumocayiṣanti taṃ śraddhādibhiryokṣyanti viparītamaśraddhādibhiḥ |
tasmānmumukṣurdevārādhanaparaḥ śraddhābhaktiparaḥ praṇayo 'pramādī syādvidyāprāptiṃ ati vidyāṃ pratīti vā kākvaitatpradarśitaṃ bhavati devāpriyavākyena || 10 ||