▪ [v1] : Attested in Ug, Hbr, several varieties of Aram, and Ar; from protWSem *
ġll ‘to insert; to immerse’ – Kogan2015: 381 #5
1
– The value *‘to insert, enter’ may be the origin of several others, see [v2], [v5]?, [v6]-
†[v10], below. – For the aspect of *‘passing through/between/beneath’, etc., accompanying that of ‘entering’, and its possible connection to final *
‑Lː/‑LL, see DISC in entry ↗
ġalla.
▪ [v2] : According to Zammit2002, Ar ²
ġull ‘yoke, collar’ has cognates in Akk
ḫalālu ‘einsperren, festhalten | (
CAD ) to detain, keep waiting’, Ug
ġll ‘to tie up’, Hbr
ʕōl (√ʕLL) ‘yoke’. If this juxtaposition is valid, [v2] may represent a value in its own right that should be kept distinct from [v1]. Others interpret ²
ġull (esp. in the meaning ‘manacles, handcuffs; chains, shackles, fetters’) as *‘s.th. into which hands, feet, etc. are inserted’, thus dependent on [v1].
▪ [v3] : Borg2021 #494 shows that the term is widespread also in the Ar dialects (with the Maġrib tending to the meaning of ‘fruit’, e.g., MorAr and TunAr), but the author’s identification of the Ar
ġallaẗ with (Eg
jꜣrrt, Dem
ꜣllj, Copt ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ‘grapes’ and) Hbr
ʕôlēlōt ‘gleanings (of grapes and olives)’ is questionable, as these may belong to ↗ʕLː (ʕLL) *‘to repeat, do s.th. a second time’ rather than to ĠLː (ĠLL). A more obvious cognate is Syr
ʕᵃlaltâ, esp. in one of the pl.s,
ʕallᵊtâ) ‘what is brought in, ingathering, increase, harvest, crop, fruit, yield, produce’), from Syr
ʕal ‘enter’, (Af)
ʔaʕel ‘to bring, put, carry in, introduce; […] to bring in (
ʕallᵊlātâ the harvest)’, Aram
ʕᵃlal, Hbr ²ʕLL ‘to insert, thrust in’. Ar
ġallaẗ thus seems to stem from [v1]
ġalla ‘to put in, thrust in’.
▪ [v4] : Kogan2015: 325 #8 would not exclude an identification of Ar
ġll ‘to be thirsty’ with the Ug hapax
ġll ‘thirsty one’, but adds that such an identification, though possible, is »but by no means compelling«.
▪ [v5] : Most ClassAr dictionaries explain Ar
ġill ‘rancor, hatred, spite, malice’ as fig. use of [v4] ‘burning thirst’. However, while [v4] has no cognates in SAr, [v5] has many in Sab, both with the meaning ‘grudge, anger, hatred, to hate’ and its extension ‘to act fraudulently against s.o., (
H -stem:) to damage s.o.’. One rendering of Sab
ġll – ‘to inject (anger)’ (Jamme 1976: 29) – seems to suggest that the vb. is related to [v1] ‘to insert, enter’.
▪ [v6] : Lane’s (vi 1877) rendering of
ġilālaẗ as ‘garment that is worn next the body, beneath the other garment, and likewise beneath the coat of mail’ suggests that it is derived from [v1] *‘to insert, enter’
▪
†[v7] : ‘to perfume o.s.’ is either cognate to [v1] (as suggested by explanations of
†ġalla as ‘huiler, pommader abondamment les cheveux, de manière que l’huile
pénètre jusqu’à la racine des cheveux’) or denominative from
†ġāliyaẗ ‘Galia : parfum de couleur noire composé de musc, d’ambre et autres aromates, et employé comme cosmétique pour les cheveux’, itself of unknown etymology (discussion reproduced in Lane vi 1877.)
▪
†[v8] : Kogan2015: 555 #35 thinks Ar
†ġalal ‘water flowing amid trees’
2
might be akin to prot-modSAr *
ġill-at - ‘mist’, but dependence on [v1] seems more likely (< *‘water squeezing itself through the trees\bushes’).
▪
†[v9] :
†ġalal ‘filter, strainer’ is prob. extended use of
†[v8] (‘filter, strainer’ = *‘device through which water is running’) and thus, ultimately, prob. from [v1].
▪
†[v10] : prob. cognate to [v1], as ‘mêler, mélanger l’un avec l’autre’ is a form of *‘inserting’ o.s. among others.
▪
†[v11] : The value ‘couvrir’ for
†ġalla is mentioned only in BK1860. Is it reliably attested?
▪
†[v12] : The identity of the term
†ġalal for a ‘certain disease that attacks sheep, or goats’
3
with that for
†[v8] ‘water flowing amid trees’ and
†[v9] ‘filter, strainer’ seems to imply some kind of semantic link between the three, so that, ultimately, also the term for this specific disease would have s.th. to do with [v1] ‘inserting, entering’ s.th. But semantics are not clear…
▪
†[v13] : ?