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Aristoteles: Categoriae

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    Click to Expand/Collapse Option Complete text
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionTitle
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter I
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter II
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter III
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter IV
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter V: De substantia
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter VI: De quantitate
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter VII: De relativis ved ad aliquid
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter VIII: De quali et qualitate
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter IX: De facere et pati
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter X: De oppositis
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter XI
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter XII: De priore
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter XIII: De his quae simul sunt
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter XIV: De motu
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionChapter XV: De habere
(11b1) Ἐπιδέχεται δὲ καὶ τὸ ποιεῖν καὶ πάσχειν ἐναντιό(2)τητα καὶ τὸ μᾶλλον καὶ τὸ ἧττον·  τὸ γὰρ θερμαίνειν (3) τῷ ψύχειν ἐναντίον καὶ τὸ θερμαίνεσθαι τῷ ψύχεσθαι καὶ (4) τὸ ἥδεσθαι τῷ λυπεῖσθαι·  ὥστε ἐπιδέχεται ἐναντιότητα.  καὶ (5) τὸ μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τὸ ἧττον·  θερμαίνειν γὰρ μᾶλλον καὶ ἧτ(6)τον ἔστι, καὶ θερμαίνεσθαι μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον, καὶ λυπεῖσθαι (7) μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον·  ἐπιδέχεται οὖν τὸ μᾶλλον καὶ τὸ ἧττον (8) τὸ ποιεῖν καὶ τὸ πάσχειν. (9)  (10) [Ὑπὲρ μὲν οὖν τούτων τοσαῦτα λέγεται· 
             
(9,1) DE FACERE ET PATI: Suscipit autem et facere et pati contrarietatem et magis et minus;  (2) calefacere enim et frigidum facere contraria sunt, et calefieri et (3) frigidum fieri, et delectari et contristari;  quare suscipit (4) contrarietatem facere et pati.  Et magis autem et minus;  est enim (5) calefacere et magis et minus, et calefieri magis et minus, et (6) contristari.  Suscipiunt ergo et magis et minus facere et pati.  Ac de (7) his quidem haec dicta sunt. 
             
Action and affection both admit of contraries and also of variation of degree.  Heating is the contrary of cooling, being heated of being cooled, being glad of being vexed. Thus they admit of contraries.  They also admit of variation of degree:  for it is possible to heat in a greater or less degree;  also to be heated in a greater or less degree.  Thus action and affection also admit of variation of degree.  So much, then, is stated with regard to these categories. 
εἴρηται δὲ καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ κεῖσθαι (11) ἐν τοῖς πρός τι, ὅτι παρωνύμως ἀπὸ τῶν θέσεων λέγεται.  ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν λοιπῶν, (12) τοῦ τε ποτὲ καὶ τοῦ ποὺ καὶ τοῦ ἔχειν, διὰ τὸ προφανῆ εἶναι οὐδὲν ὑπὲρ (13) αὐτῶν ἄλλο λέγεται ἢ ὅσα ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐῤῥήθη, ὅτι τὸ ἔχειν μὲν σημαίνει τὸ (14) ὑποδεδέσθαι, τὸ ὡπλίσθαι, τὸ δὲ ποὺ οἷον ἐν Λυκείῳ, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα δὲ ὅσα (15) ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἐῤῥήθη.  —ὑπὲρ μὲν οὖν τῶν προτεθέντων γενῶν ἱκανὰ τὰ εἰρη(16)μένα· 
     
(8) Dictum est autem et de situ in relatiuis, quoniam denominatiue a (9) positionibus dicitur.  De reliquis uero, id est quando et ubi et (10) habere, propterea quod manifesta sunt, nihil de his ultra dicitur quam (11) quod in principio dictum est, quod habere significat calciatum esse (12) uel armatum, ubi uero in Lycio, uel alia quaecumque de his dicta sunt.  (13) Igitur de his generibus quae proposuimus sufficienter dictum est. 
     
We spoke, moreover, of the category of position when we were dealing with that of relation, and stated that such terms derived their names from those of the corresponding attitudes.  As for the rest, time, place, state, since they are easily intelligible, I say no more about them than was said at the beginning, that in the category of state are included such states as ’shod’, ’armed’, in that of place ’in the Lyceum’ and so on, as was explained before.  The proposed categories have, then, been adequately dealt with. 
 
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