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Barlaam oc Josaphat

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    Click to Expand/Collapse Option Complete text
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionIntroduction
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionSpread of the Christian faith to India (1)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionKing Abenner of India, his childlessness and persecution of Christian monks
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionOne of the King’s servents becomes Christian and the King upbraids him in a dialogue (2)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe servant’s sermon: Rage and Greed are our worst enemies
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe servant explains why he became a monk
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe King had decided to torture the servant to death, but instead chases him away
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionA most beautiful son is born to the King
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionVice men phrophecy that the son will be not a King of this world, but another, and will be Christian (3)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe King places his son in a palace in luxurious isolation from all the suffering of the world
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe King’s formost and most noble servant brings home a sick man from the hunt; but he is a Christian, and the other servants plot against him before the King (4)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe sick man advices the nobleman how to cope with the King’s rage, and the King forgives him, but continues his persection of Monks
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionOut hunting, the King meets monks, talks with them and then burns them
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince wonders why he cannot go out of the palace, and one of his teachers then says that it is because the King does not want him to hear about Christian teachings (5)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince asks the King to go out, and he is allowed to go to places which are only pleasant.
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince sees a leper and a blind, and becomes very depressed
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince sees an old and crippled man on the next trip out, and is told he soon will die, as humans will
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince goes home and reflect on death, in sorrow
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionBy the calling of the Holy Spirit the monk Barlaam seeks admission to the prince as a trader, with the pretext of selling him a jewel
The servant’s sermon: Rage and Greed are our worst enemies 
 
 
 
6. 
 
Τούτων ἀκούσας ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος, χαριέντως ἅμα καὶ ὁμαλῶς ἀπεκρίνατο·  Εἰ λόγον πρός με συνᾶραι θέλεις, ὦ βασιλεῦ, τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ἐκ μέσου τοῦ δικαστηρίου ποίησον,  καὶ τηνικαῦτα ἀποκρινοῦμαί σοι περὶ ὧν ἂν ζητήσῃς μαθεῖν·  ἐκείνων γὰρ συμπαρόντων σοι, οὐδεὶς ἐμοὶ πρός σε λόγος.  ἐκτὸς δὲ λόγου τιμώρει, σφάττε, (18,1) ποίει ὃ θέλεις· ἐμοὶ γὰρ ὁ κόσμος ἐσταύρωται, κἀγὼ τῷ κόσμῳ, φησὶν ὁ θεῖος καὶ ἐμὸς διδάσκαλος. 
Hac oratione audita, vir ille Dei, lepida simul ac placida, et aequabili voce ad hunc modum respondit:  Si sermones mecum conserere in animum inducis, o rex, fac hostes tuos e medio tribunali submoveas,  ac (448b,1) tum de his rebus quas intelligere cupis tibi respondebo.  Illis autem praesentibus nullus mihi ad te sermo erit.  Citra sermonem autem excrucia, obtrunca, fac denique quidquid lubet. Mihi enim mundus crucifixus est, et ego mundo, ut ait meus magister (Gal. VI). 
When the man of God heard these words, he made reply, at once courteous and unruffled:  “If it be thy pleasure, O king, to converse with me, remove thine enemies out of mid court;  which done, I will answer thee concerning whatsoever thou mayest desire to learn;  for while these are here, I cannot speak with thee.  But, without speech, torment me, kill me, do as thou wilt, for ‘the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world,’ as saith my divine teacher.” 
Nu sva sem sia hinn goðe guðs maðr hœyrði oc skildi orð konongs. þa svaraðe hann konongenom val oc staðfastlega lægeannde með þessom orðom.  Minn herra. ef þu villt mik með skynsemd hœyra. þa bið ek at þer rekeð brott ifra yðr þina tva hina mesto ovini oc (5,1) andskota,  er þer hallda mest til rangennda oc likams fysta.  En meðan þesser tveir þinir ovinir ero i nand. þa ger hvart sem þer likar.  pin eða drep. eða allt annat þat er þer likar af mer at gera. þui at buinn em ec til allz þess sem þu villt at mer fœra. 
Da nu hiin gode Gudsmand hörte og fornam Kongens Ord, da svarede han Kongen smilende med Sagtmodighed og Standhaftighed disse Ord.  “Min Hersker! dersom du vil höre mig med Billighed, da (8,1) beder jeg dig, at du bortjager fra dig dine to værste Uvenner og Fiender,  som mest bevæge dig til Uretfærdighed og Kjödets Lyster.  Men saalænge disse dine to Fiender ere i Nærheden, faar du gjöre, hvad du finder for godt:  pin eller dræb eller gjor med mig, hvadsomhelst du ellers har Lyst til; thi beredt er jeg til Alt, hvad du vil paaföre mig.” 
         
τοῦ δὲ βασιλέως εἰπόντος, Καὶ τίνες οἱ ἐχθροὶ οὗτοι, οὓς ἐκ μέσου ποιῆσαί με προστάσσεις; 
Cumque rex dixisset: Quinam tandem sunt hi hostes mei, quos me hinc ablegare jubes? 
The king said, “And who are these enemies whom thou biddest me turn out of court?” 
Konongr spurði. Hverir ero þeir tveir ovinir er ec skal brott reka. 
Kongen spurgte: “Hvilke ere de to Fiender, som jeg skal bortjage?” 
 
φησὶν ὁ θεῖος ἀνήρ· Ὁ θυμὸς καὶ ἡ ἐπιθυμία· ταῦτα γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς μὲν συνεργοὶ τῆς φύσεως ὑπὸ τοῦ δημιουργοῦ παρήχθησαν, καὶ νῦν ὡσαύτως ἔχουσι τοῖς μὴ κατὰ σάρκα πολιτευομένοις, ἀλλὰ κατὰ πνεῦμα·  ἐν ὑμῖν δέ, οἵτινες τὸ ὅλον ἐστὲ σάρκες, μηδὲν ἔχοντες τοῦ πνεύματος, ἀντίδικοι γεγόνασι, καὶ τὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν καὶ πολεμίων διαπράττονται.  ἡ γὰρ ἐπιθυμία ἐν ὑμῖν, ἐνεργουμένη μέν, ἡδονὴν ἐγείρει, καταργουμένη δέ, θυμόν.  ἀπέστω οὖν ταῦτα σήμερον ἀπὸ σοῦ, προκαθεζέσθωσαν δὲ εἰς ἀκρόασιν τῶν λεγομένων καὶ κρίσιν ἡ φρόνησις καὶ ἡ δικαιοσύνη.  εἰ γὰρ τὸν θυμὸν καὶ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἐκ μέσου ποιήσεις, ἀντεισάξεις δὲ τὴν φρόνησιν καὶ τὴν δικαιοσύνην, φιλαλήθως πάντα λέξω σοι. 
Iracundia, inquit ille, et cupiditas. Nam eae primum quidem ab omnium rerum parente atque architecto ita productae sunt, ut naturae opitularentur, ac nunc etiam eamdem iis operam praebent, qui non ut carni, sed ut spiritui consentaneum est, vivunt.  In vobis autem, qui prorsus carnales estis, nec ullam spiritus partem habetis, adversariae exstiterunt, eaque quae inimicis et hostibus conveniunt, exsequuntur.  Cupiditas (448c,1) etenim, cum ei a vobis opera datur, voluptatem excitat: cum autem aboletur, iracundiam.  Proinde facessant ipsae hodierno die abs te; praesint autem ad eorum quae a me dicentur auditionem ac judicium, prudentia et justitia.  Nam si iracundiam et cupiditatem 245 de medio sustuleris, atque earum loco prudentiam et justitiam induxeris, vere omnia tibi dicam. 
The saintly man answered and said, “Anger and Desire. For at the beginning these twain were brought into being by the Creator to be fellow-workers with nature; and such they still are to those ‘who walk not after the flesh but after the Spirit.’  But in you who are altogether carnal, having nothing of the Spirit, they are adversaries, and play the part of enemies and foemen.  For Desire, working in you, stirreth up pleasure, but, when made of none effect, Anger.  To-day therefore let these be banished from thee, and let Wisdom and Righteousness sit to hear and judge that which we say.  For if thou put Anger and Desire out of court, and in their room bring in Wisdom and Righteousness, I will truthfully tell thee all.” 
Hann svaraðe. Reiði oc agirnd. þesser .ii. lutir fylgðu þegar i fyrstunni mannlegre natturu. oc firir þvi leiða þesser tveir ovinir mannenn andlega at misgera. oc þykkyr yðr miok þungt við þessa .ii. luti at skiliazt.  En firir þvi herra. at þer oc aðrer yðrir makar eroð aller viliaðer til likamsens en eigi til salarennar. þa er þvi guð oc aller goðer lutir yðr gagnstaðleger. oc þvi gera þeir til yðar sem sanner ovinir.  þvi herra at agirnd oc ofmykyl fyrst kveðr oc kveikir með yðr munugð oc hegoma. er reiði oc grimleikr eggia yðr til vnytra luta.  En at þessom .ii. ovinum brot reknom þa kalleð til yðar i staðenn til rettra skilninga .ii. sannsyna aldyggia vini. et þeim ero ollum. er þa hava næst ser. styrkir stuðlar. en þat er vizska oc rettenndi.  Ef þer visit a brott hinum .ii. oc seteð þessa .ii. i staðenn. þa vil ec bliðlega birtta firir yðr alla þa luti er ec veit at yðarre sœmd ma hœyra. 
Han svarede: “Vrede og Begjærlighed. Disse to Ting klæbede strax i Begyndelsen ved den menneskelige Natur, og saaledes forlede disse to Fiender Mennesket til i Tanken at synde, og det synes Eder meget tungt at skilles ved disse to Ting.  Fordi nu I, Herre, og andre Eders Lige ere alle hengivne til Kjödet, men ikke til Aanden, af den Grund er Gud og alle gode Ting Eder imod, og fölgelig behandle hine Eder som sande Fiender.  Thi, Herre, Begjærlighed og overdreven Attraa opvækker og optænder hos Eder Sandselighed og Letfærdighed, men Vrede og Grumhed ophidser Eder til skadelige Ting.  Men naar disse to Ting ere bortjagede, da kald til Eder i Stedet til sand Erkjendelse to retsindige fuldtro Venner, der ere stærke Stötter for alle dem, der have dem i Nærheden, nemlig Visdom og Retfærdighed.  Dersom I bortviser hine to og sætter disse to i Stedet, da vil jeg med Glæde aabenbare for Eder alle de Ting, som jeg ved kunne passe sig for Eders kongelige Værdighed.” 
         
πρὸς ταῦτα ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔφη· Ἰδού, εἴξας σου τῇ ἀξιώσει, ἐκβαλῶ τοῦ συνεδρίου τήν τε ἐπιθυμίαν καὶ τὸν θυμόν, μεσάζειν δὲ τὴν φρόνησιν καὶ τὴν δικαιοσύνην ποιήσω.  λέγε μοι λοιπὸν ἀδεῶς πόθεν σοι ἡ τοσαύτη ἐγένετο πλάνη, καὶ τὸ προτιμᾶν τὰ ἐν κεναῖς ἐλπίσι τῶν ἐν χερσὶ βλεπομένων. 
Atque rex his verbis est usus: En petitioni tuae cessi, atque cupiditatem et iracundiam e concilio ejiciam; daboque operam ut prudentia et justitia interponantur.  Jam igitur absque ullo metu mihi expone unde tibi hic error obortus sit, ut ea quae in vana spe posita sunt, iis rebus quae manibus tenentur, atque oculis cernuntur, anteponas. 
Then spake the king, “Lo I yield to thy request, and will banish out of the assembly both Desire and Anger, and make Wisdom and Righteousness to sit between us.  So now, tell me without fear, how wast thou so greatly taken with this error, to prefer the bird in the bush to the bird already in the hand?” 
Konongr svaraðe. Ec vil gera sem þu biðr. at visa a brott reiði oc agirnd. en setia i staðenn vizsku oc rettdœme.  Seg mer nu diarflega vræddr hver villa eða vantru leiddi þik til sva mykyls hegoma. at þu firirlezt þat er þu vissir oc i hendde hafðer. sœmd oc sælo þessa heims lifs. oc tokt imote von þa sem ec vente at at litlu verði. 
Kongen svarede: “Jeg vil gjore som du beder, bortvise Vrede og Begjærlighed, men sætte Visdom og Retfærdighed i Stedet.  Sig mig nu, dristig og uden Frygt, hvad for Vildfarelse eller Vantro forledede dig til saa stor (9,1) Taabelighed, at du gav Slip paa, hvad du var vis paa og havde i din Haand, nemlig Ære og Lyksalighed i denne Verdens Liv, og modtog i Stedet et Haab, som jeg tænker kun lidet gaar i Opfyldelse?” 
   
 
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Enhet: Det humanistiske fakultet   Utviklet av: IT-seksjonen ved HF
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