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Barlaam oc Josaphat

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    Click to Expand/Collapse Option Complete text
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionIntroduction
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionSpread of the Christian faith to India (1)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionKing Abenner of India, his childlessness and persecution of Christian monks
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionOne of the King’s servents becomes Christian and the King upbraids him in a dialogue (2)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe servant’s sermon: Rage and Greed are our worst enemies
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe servant explains why he became a monk
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe King had decided to torture the servant to death, but instead chases him away
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionA most beautiful son is born to the King
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionVice men phrophecy that the son will be not a King of this world, but another, and will be Christian (3)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe King places his son in a palace in luxurious isolation from all the suffering of the world
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe King’s formost and most noble servant brings home a sick man from the hunt; but he is a Christian, and the other servants plot against him before the King (4)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe sick man advices the nobleman how to cope with the King’s rage, and the King forgives him, but continues his persection of Monks
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionOut hunting, the King meets monks, talks with them and then burns them
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince wonders why he cannot go out of the palace, and one of his teachers then says that it is because the King does not want him to hear about Christian teachings (5)
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince asks the King to go out, and he is allowed to go to places which are only pleasant.
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince sees a leper and a blind, and becomes very depressed
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince sees an old and crippled man on the next trip out, and is told he soon will die, as humans will
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionThe Prince goes home and reflect on death, in sorrow
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionBy the calling of the Holy Spirit the monk Barlaam seeks admission to the prince as a trader, with the pretext of selling him a jewel
The Prince sees an old and crippled man on the next trip out, and is told he soon will die, as humans will 
 
 
 
18. 
 
Μετ' οὐ πολλὰς δὲ ἡμέρας αὖθις διερχόμενος ἐντυγχάνει γέροντι πεπαλαιωμένῳ ἐν ἡμέραις (11) πολλαῖς, ἐρρικνωμένῳ μὲν τὸ πρόσωπον, παρειμένῳ δὲ τὰς κνήμας, συγκεκυφότι, καὶ ὅλως πεπολιωμένῳ, ἐστερημένῳ τοὺς ὀδόντας, καὶ ἐγκεκομμένα λαλοῦντι.  ἔκπληξις οὖν αὐτὸν λαμβάνει· καὶ δὴ πλησίον τοῦτον ἀγαγὼν ἐπηρώτα μαθεῖν τὸ τῆς θέας παράδοξον. 
Rursum autem foras progrediens, in capularem quemdam senem incidit, rugata facie, fractis ac dissolutis (459a,1) tibiis, curvo corpore, capite prorsus cano, qui praeterea dentibus carebat, atque concisum quiddam et interruptum loquebatur.  Stupore itaque correptus, cum hominem eum propius ad se adduci jussisset, eos qui tum aderant interrogabat ecquidnam tam insolens spectaculum esset. 
Not many days after, as he was again taking his walks abroad, he happened with an old man, well stricken in years, shrivelled in countenance, feeble-kneed, bent double, grey-haired, toothless, and with broken utterance.  The prince was seized with astonishment, and, calling the old man near, desired to know the meaning of this strange sight. 
(20) Nokkorom dagum enn siðar reið (21) hann at skemtta ser. oc møte (22) einum gamlum karlle. miok (23) fellegom. andlit hans var (24) miok rokket. armleggir hans (25) varo miok þunnskafner oc skarper (26) miok. herði lutan. oc af (27) hærom huitan. tannlausan miok (28) oc sva blesmælltan. oc miok (29) halltan at male.  oc þa er (30) konongs sunr sa hann. þa vndraðe (31) hann miok. oc let hann kalla (32) til sin. þvi at honom var forvitni (33) a. at vita huat vnndr er þetta (b1) myndi vera. eða hueriv er þetta (2) myndi gegna. 
Atter nogle Dage senere gjorde han et Lystridt og mödte en gammel meget hæslig Karl: hans Ansigt var meget rynket, hans Arme vare meget tynde og meget magre, hans Ryg kroget, hans Haar hvide, han havde faa Tænder, og var tillige læspende og meget stammende i sin Tale.  Og da Kongesönnen saa ham, forbausedes han meget og lod ham kalde til sig; thi han var nysgjerrig fefter at vide, hvad for Særsyn dette kunde være, eller hvoraf dette kunde komme. 
   
οἱ δὲ συμπαρόντες εἶπον· Οὗτος χρόνων ἤδη πλείστων ὑπάρχει, καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν μειουμένης αὐτῷ τῆς ἰσχύος, ἐξασθενούντων δὲ τῶν μελῶν, εἰς ἣν ὁρᾷς ἔφθασε ταλαιπωρίαν. 
Illi autem dixerunt: Hic aetate valde provectus, ac paulatim decedentibus ipsi viribus, membrisque imbecillitatem contrahentibus, ad hanc quam cernis aerumnam pervenit. 
His companions answered, “This man is now well advanced in years, and his gradual decrease of strength, with increase of weakness, hath brought him to the misery that thou seest.” 
þeir er fylgðv (3) honom. þa sagðu honom. þesse er elli gamall (4) maðr. oc æ sem alldr hans (5) øygzt vpp af þesso. þa minkar mattr (6) hans. oc firir þui synizt hann (7) sva liotr oc leiðilegr. 
De, der fulgte ham, sagde til ham: “Dette er en ældgammel Mand, og jo mere hans Alder tiltager herefter, desto mere formindskes hans Kraft, og derfor synes han saa styg og fæl.” 
 
Καὶ τί, φησί, τούτου τὸ τέλος; 
Et quisnam, inquit ille, ipsius finis est? 
“And,” said he, “what will be his end?” 
þa spurði (8) konongs. sunr. huer skolu vera ennda(9)lok hans. 
Da spurgte Kongesönnen: “Hvilket skal at blive hans Endeligt?” 
 
οἱ δὲ εἶπον αὐτῷ· (58,1) Οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ θάνατος αὐτὸν διαδέξεται. 
Nihil aliud, inquiunt illi, quam mors ipsum excipiet. 
They answered, “Naught but death will relieve him.” 
þeir svaraðu. dauði skal (10) verða enndalok hans. 
De svarede: “Döden skal blive hans Endeligt.” 
 
Ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσιν, ἔφη, τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τοῦτο πρόκειται; ἢ καὶ τοῦτο ἐνίοις αὐτῶν συμβαίνει; 
Omnibusne hominibus, inquit ille, hoc propositum est, an quibusdam duntaxat contingit? 
“But,” said he, “is this the appointed doom of all mankind? Or doth it happen only to some?” 
hann spurði (11) enn. skolv slikir verða aller menn. (12) eða sumir einir. 
Han spurgte atter: “Skulle alle Mennesker blive saa(25,1)danne eller blot nogle?” 
 
ἀπεκρίθησαν ἐκεῖνοι· Εἰ μὴ προλαβὼν ὁ θάνατος μεταστήσει τινὰ τῶν ἐντεῦθεν, ἀδύνατον, τῶν χρόνων προβαινόντων, μὴ εἰς ταύτης ἐλθεῖν τὴν πεῖραν τῆς τάξεως. 
Responderunt illi: Nisi mors antevertens aliquem hinc abducat, fieri non potest quin temporis progressu status hujusce (459b,1) periculum non faciat. 
They answered, “Unless death come before hand to remove him, no dweller on earth, but, as life advanceth, must make trial of this lot.” 
þeir sagðu honom. huer (13) er eigi døyr aðr. þa verðr slikir. 
de sagde til ham: “Enhver der ikke dör forinden, bliver saadan.” 
 
καί φησιν ὁ παῖς· ἐν πόσοις οὖν ἔτεσι τοῦτο ἐπέρχεταί τινι; καὶ εἰ πάντως πρόκειται ὁ θάνατος, καὶ οὐκ ἔστι μέθοδος τοῦτον παραδραμεῖν, καὶ μηδὲ εἰς ταύτην ἐλθεῖν τὴν ταλαιπωρίαν; 
Tum adolescens: Quoto anno hoc cuipiam contingit? atque prorsusne mori necesse est, neque ars ulla est qua mortem effugiamus, atque in hanc calamitatem minime incidamus? 
Then the young prince asked in how many years this overtook a man, and whether the doom of death was without reprieve, and whether there was no way to escape it, and avoid coming to such misery. 
(14) Huerssu marga vetr hevir (15) maðr aðr. en hann verð slikr. með (16) þui at maðrenn ma eigi forðazt (17) dauðann. eða þessa vesolld. er a þeim (18) liggr. 
Kongesönnen spurgte: “Hvor mange Aar har et menneske, förend han bliver saadan, siden Mennesket ikke kan undfly Döden eller denne Elendighed, som truer ham?” 
 
λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· Ἐν ὀγδοήκοντα μὲν ἢ καὶ ἑκατὸν ἔτεσιν εἰς τοῦτο τὸ γῆρας καταντῶσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, εἶτα ἀποθνήσκουσι, μὴ ἄλλως ἐνδεχομένου. χρέος γὰρ φυσικὸν ὁ θάνατός ἐστιν, ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐπιτεθὲν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, καὶ ἀπαραίτητος ἡ τούτου ἐπέλευσις. 
Dicunt ei: Octogesimo, aut centesimo anno ad hanc senectutem homines perveniunt, ac deinde moriuntur, nec aliter fieri potest. Debitum enim naturale mors est, hominibus ab initio impositum, neque ulla ratione ipsius adventus vitari potest. 
They answered him, “In eighty or an hundred years men arrive at this old age, and then they die, since there is none other way; for death is a debt due to nature, laid on man from the beginning, and its approach is inexorable.” 
þeir svaraðu honom. maðr ma (19) hava atta tigi vetra. eða hundrað. (20) hitt mesta. en siðan verðr maðr at (21) døya. eigi ero þa onnur efni til. þat (22) var skyllda mannzens. at upp have oc (23) sva skal æ meðan nokkor livir eptir (24) firir þui at dauði. er firir huerss (25) mannz durum. oc hann fær engi (26) forðazt. þo at sumum kome senna (27) en sumum. 
De svarede ham: “Et Menneske kan blive aatti Aar eller hundrede det höieste; men saa maa man dö, da er det ingen anden Udvei. Det var Menneskets Skyldighed fra Begyndelsen, og saaledes vil det altid være, saalænge Nogen lever igjen; thi Döden er for hver Mands Dör, og den kan man ikke undfly, skjönt den for Nogle kommer senere end for Andre.” 
 
Ταῦτα πάντα ὡς εἶδέ τε καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ συνετὸς ἐκεῖνος καὶ φρόνιμος νεανίας, στενάξας ἐκ βάθους καρδίας, ἔφη·  Πικρὸς ὁ βίος οὗτος καὶ πάσης ὀδύνης καὶ ἀηδίας ἀνάπλεως, εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει. καὶ πῶς ἀμεριμνήσει τις τῇ προσδοκίᾳ τοῦ ἀδήλου θανάτου, οὗ ἡ ἔλευσις οὐ μόνον ἀπαραίτητος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄδηλος, καθὼς εἴπατε, ὑπάρχει; 
Haec omnia, ut sagax ille ac prudens adolescens audivit atque intellexit, intimo corde ingemiscens, dixit:  Acerba haec vita est, atque omni dolore ac moestitia plena, si res ita se habet. Et quonam modo quispiam in incertae mortis exspectatione, cujus adventus non modo vitari non potest, sed etiam, ut (459c,1) dixistis, incertus est, securo animo erit? 
When our wise and sagacious young prince saw and heard all this, he sighed from the bottom of his heart.  “Bitter is this life,” cried he, “and fulfilled of all pain and anguish, if this be so. And how can a body be careless in the expectation of an unknown death, whose approach (ye say) is as uncertain as it is inexorable?” 
Sem. konongs. sunr høyrði (28) þesse orð. þa hugsaðe hann sem vitr (29) maðr. oc andvarppaðe miok oc mælltte  (30) Aumlegt er þessa heims lif oc heimslegt. (31) oc sorga fullt. með þui (32) at sva er. þa finnzt mer sua at (33) engi maðr mege her vruggr (4ra1) vm sik vera. er dauðinn er ollum (2) iamvis. oc þo ovis ner hann kømr 
Da Kongesönnen horte disse Ord, tænkte han som vis Mand og sukkede meget og sagde:  “Ynkeligt er denne Verdens Liv og faafængeligt og sörgeligt, naar saa er: Da forekommer det mig, at intet Menneske her kan være trygt og roligt, naar Döden er lige vis for Alle, og det tillige er uvist naar den kommer.” 
   
 
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