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Laṅkāvatārasūtra

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ā ī ū ṛ ṝ ḷ
ḹ ’ ṃ ḥ ṅ ñ
ṭ ḍ ṇ ṣ ś ź
š č ǰ γ    
Note on the transliteration:
The transliteration system of the BP/TLB is based on the Unicode/UTF-8 system. However, there may be difficulties with some of the letters – particularly on PC/Windows-based systems, but not so much on the Mac. We have chosen the most accepted older and traditional systems of transliteration against, e.g, Wylie for Tibetan, since with Unicode it is possible, in Sanskrit and Tibetan, etc., to represent one sound with one letter in almost all the cases (excepting Sanskrit and Tibetan aspirated letters, and Tibetan tsa, tsha, dza). We thus do not use the Wylie system which widely employs two letters for one sound (ng, ny, sh, zh etc.).
 
Important:
We ask you in particular to note the use of the ’ apostrophe and not the ' representing the avagrāha in Sanskrit, and most important the ’a-chuṅ in Tibetan. On the Mac the ’ is Alt-M.
 
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Laṅkāvatārasūtra
    Click to Expand/Collapse Option Complete text
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionCHAPTER ONE. RĀVANA, LORD OF LANKĀ, ASKS FOR INSTRUCTION
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionCHAPTER TWO. COLLECTION OF ALL THE DHARMAS
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionCHAPTER THREE. ON IMPERMANENCY
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionCHAPTER FOUR. ON INTUITIVE UNDERSTANDING
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionCHAPTER FIVE. ON THE DEDUCTION OF THE PERMANENCY OF TATHAGATAHOOD
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionCHAPTER SIX. ON MOMENTARINESS
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionCHAPTER SEVEN. ON TRANSFORMATION
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionCHAPTER EIGHT. ON MEAT-EATING
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionCHAPTER NINE. THE DHĀRANĪS
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionSAGĀTHAKAM
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punar aparaṃ mahāmate nāmapadavyañjanakāyānāṃ lakṣaṇam uddekṣyāmaḥ, yair nāmapadavyañjanakāyaiḥ sūpalakṣitair bodhisattvā mahāsattvā arthapadavyañjanānusāriṇaḥ kṣipram anuttarāṃ samyaksaṃbodhim abhisaṃbudhya tathaiva sarvasattvānavabodhayiṣyanti |  tatra mahāmate kāyo nāma yaduta yad vastvāśritya nāma kriyate, sa kāyo vastu |  kāyaḥ śarīram ity anarthāntaram |  eṣa mahāmate nāmakāyaḥ |  padakāyaḥ punar mahāmate yaduta padārthakāyasadbhāvo niścayaḥ |  niṣṭhā upalabdhirityanarthāntaram |  eṣa mahāmate padakāyopadeśaḥ kṛto māyā |  vyañjanakāyaḥ punar mahāmate yaduta yena nāmapadayor abhivyaktir bhavati |  vyañjanaṃ liṅgaṃ lakṣaṇam upalabdhiḥ prajñaptir ity anarthāntaram || 
(28)「復次，大慧！當說名句形身相。善觀名句形(29)身菩薩摩訶薩，隨入義句形身，疾得阿耨多(494b1)羅三藐三菩提。如是覺已，覺一切眾生。  大(2)慧！名身者，謂若依事立名，    是名名身。  句身(3)者，謂句有義身，自性決定究竟，    是名句身。  (4)形身者，謂顯示名句，  是名形身1 1 身即字也)]。 
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§XLVI
Further, Mahāmati, we will explain the characteristics of name-body, the sentence-body, and the syllable-body; for when name-body, sentence-body, and syllable-body are well understood, the Bodhisattva-Mahāsattvas conformable to the signification of a sentence and a syllable will quickly realise supreme enlightenment and thereby awaken all beings to it.  Mahāmati, by name-body is meant the object depending on which a name obtains, the body is this object;  in another sense the body means substance (śarīra).  Mahāmati, this is the body of a name.  By the body of a sentence is meant what it signifies, the real object, determining its sense definitely.  In another sense, it completes its reference.  Mahāmati, this is my teaching as regards the sentence-body.  By the syllable-body (113) is meant that by which names and sentences are indicated;  it is a symbol, a sign; in another sense, it is something indicated. 
(47,1) punar aparaṃ mahāmate padakāyo yaduta padakāryaniṣṭhā |  nāma punar mahāmate yaduta akṣarāṇāṃ ca nāmasvabhāvabhedo ’kārād yāvad dhakāraḥ |  tatra vyañjanaṃ punar mahāmate yaduta hrasvadīrghaplutavyañjanāni |  tatra padakāyāḥ punar mahāmate ye padavīthīgāmino hastyaśvanaramṛgapaśugomahiṣājaiḍakādyāḥ padakāyasaṃjñāṃ labhante |  nāma ca vyañjanaṃ ca punar mahāmate catvāra arūpiṇaḥ skandhāḥ |  nāmnābhilapyanta iti kṛtvā nāma, svalakṣaṇena vyajyate iti kṛtvā vyañjanam |  etan mahāmate nāmapadavyañjanakāyānāṃ nāmapadābhidhānalakṣaṇam |  atra te paricayaḥ karaṇīyaḥ || 
    又形身者，謂長短高下。  又句身者，謂徑跡。(6)如象馬人獸等所行徑跡，得句身名。  大慧！(7)名及形者，謂以名說無色四陰，故說名。  自(8)相現，故說形。  是名名句形身。  說名句形身(9)相分齊，應當修學。」 
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Again, Mahāmati, the sentence (pada) -body means the completion of the meaning expressed in the sentence.  Again, Mahāmati, a name (or a letter, nāma) means each separate letter distinguished as to its self-nature from a to ha.  Again, Mahāmati, a syllable (vyañjana) is short, long, or lengthy.  Again, Mahāmati, regarding the sentence (pada) -body the idea of it is obtained from the foot-prints left on the road by elephants, horses, people, deer, cattle, cows, buffalos, goats, rams, etc.  Again, Mahāmati, names (nāma) and syllables (vyañjana) belong to the four Skandhas which being formless are indicated by names;  thus are names made. By means of the differently characterised names there are syllables (vyañjana); thus are syllables made.  This, Mahāmati, is the meaning of the body of a name (nāma), a sentence (pada), and a syllable (vyañjana).  You should endeavour to have a thorough understanding of these terms. 
tatredam ucyate - 
爾時，世尊欲重宣此義(10)而說偈言： 
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It is thus said: 
vyañjane padakāye ca nāmni cāpi viśeṣataḥ |
bālāḥ sajjanti durmedhā mahāpaṅke yathā gajāḥ || 2.170 || 
(11)「名身與句身， 及形身差別，
(12)凡夫愚計著， 如象溺深泥。 
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172. Because of the distinction between nāma, pada, and vyañjana, the ignorant, the dull-witted, stick to them like the elephant in deep mud. 
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