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Plato: Phaedo

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Ἐχεκράτης
(57a) αὐτός, ὦ Φαίδων, παρεγένου Σωκράτει ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ τὸ φάρμακον ἔπιεν ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ, ἢ ἄλλου του ἤκουσας; 
ECHECRATES. Ipse, O Fedon, affuisti Socrati illa die qua bibit farmacum in carcere, sive ab aliquo alio audivisti? 
(491,20) Ipsene, o Phaedo, affuisti qua die Socrates venenum bibit in carce(21)re, an ab alio audivisti? 
ECHECRATES: Were you yourself, Phaedo, in the prison with Socrates on the day when he drank the poison? 
Φαίδων
αὐτός, ὦ Ἐχέκρατες. 
FEDON. Ipse, O Echecrate. 
PH. Equidem, o Echerates, affui. 
PHAEDO: Yes, Echecrates, I was. 
Ἐχεκράτης
τί οὖν δή ἐστιν ἅττα εἶπεν ὁ ἀνὴρ πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου; 
καὶ πῶς ἐτελεύτα;  ἡδέως γὰρ ἂν ἐγὼ ἀκούσαιμι.  καὶ γὰρ οὔτε [τῶν πολιτῶν] Φλειασίων οὐδεὶς πάνυ τι ἐπιχωριάζει τὰ νῦν Ἀθήναζε,  οὔτε τις ξένος ἀφῖκται χρόνου συχνοῦ (57b) ἐκεῖθεν ὅστις ἂν ἡμῖν σαφές τι ἀγγεῖλαι οἷός τ᾽ ἦν περὶ τούτων, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι φάρμακον πιὼν ἀποθάνοι·  τῶν δὲ ἄλλων οὐδὲν εἶχεν φράζειν. 
ECHECRATES. Que igitur sunt que dixit vir ante mortem?  Et quomodo obiit?  Libenter enim ego audirem;  namque neque civium Fliasiorum nemo frequentat nunc Athenas,  neque quis peregrinus adventavit a tempore crebro ab inde, qui equidem nobis certum quid nunciare quiret de preter quam farmacum cum bibisset expiravit;  ceterorum profecto habuit referre. 
ECHE. (22) Quaenam sunt ea quae vir ille antequam moreretur locutus est?  Et (23) quomodo e vita discessit?  Libenter enim audirem.  Nam neque quis(24)quam Phliasiorum civium frequenter proficiscitur nunc Athenas,  (25) neque iamdiu hospes aliquis inde ad nos accessit, qui certum aliquid (26) ea de re nunciare nobis posset, nisi illum potato veneno e vita mi(27)grasse.  De caeteris vero nihil quid referrent habebant. 
ECHECRATES: I should so like to hear about his death. What did he say in his last hours? We were informed that he died by taking poison, but no one knew anything more; for no Phliasian ever goes to Athens now, and it is a long time since any stranger from Athens has found his way hither; so that we had no clear account.           
(58a) Φαίδων
οὐδὲ τὰ περὶ τῆς δίκης ἄρα ἐπύθεσθε ὃν τρόπον ἐγένετο; 
FEDON. Neque de iudicio igitur percunctatus es, quo pacto fuit? 
PHAE. Nec (28) ergo quae iudicium pertinebant, quo pacto tractata fuerint audivistis? 
PHAEDO: Did you not hear of the proceedings at the trial? 
Ἐχεκράτης
ναί, ταῦτα μὲν ἡμῖν ἤγγειλέ τις, καὶ ἐθαυμάζομέν γε ὅτι πάλαι γενομένης αὐτῆς πολλῷ ὕστερον φαίνεται ἀποθανών. 
τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο, ὦ Φαίδων; 
ECHECRATES. Ne; hec nempe nobis retulit quidam, et miramur equidem quoniam, pridem lato eo, multo posterius visus est mori.  Quid erat hoc, o Fedon? 
ECH. Audivi(29)mus. Haec enim nobis quidam retulit. Et admirati profecto sumus quod iam peracto iudi(30)cio diu postea obijsse videatur.  Quidnam in causa fuit, o Phaedo? 
ECHECRATES: Yes; some one told us about the trial, and we could not understand why, having been condemned, he should have been put to death, not at the time, but long afterwards.  What was the reason of this? 
Φαίδων
τύχη τις αὐτῷ, ὦ Ἐχέκρατες, συνέβη· 
ἔτυχεν γὰρ τῇ προτεραίᾳ τῆς δίκης ἡ πρύμνα ἐστεμμένη τοῦ πλοίου ὃ εἰς Δῆλον Ἀθηναῖοι πέμπουσιν. 
FEDON. Fors quedam ipsi, o Echecrate, contigit.  Accidit enim causam puppis laureata navigii, quod in Delum Athenei mittunt quotannis. 
PHAE. Sorte quadam (31) id Socrati, o Echecrates, accidit.  Nam pridie quam iudicaretur, ornari contigit puppim na(32)vis eius, quam mittunt Athenienses in Delum. 
PHAEDO: An accident, Echecrates:  the stern of the ship which the Athenians send to Delos happened to have been crowned on the day before he was tried. 
Ἐχεκράτης
τοῦτο δὲ δὴ τί ἐστιν; 
ECHECRATES. Hoc vero quid est? 
ECH. Id vero quidnam sibi vult? 
ECHECRATES: What is this ship? 
Φαίδων
τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι τὸ πλοῖον, ὥς φασιν Ἀθηναῖοι, ἐν ᾧ Θησεύς ποτε εἰς Κρήτην τοὺς “δὶς ἑπτὰ” ἐκείνους ᾤχετο (58b) ἄγων καὶ ἔσωσέ τε καὶ αὐτὸς ἐσώθη. 
τῷ οὖν Ἀπόλλωνι ηὔξαντο ὡς λέγεται τότε, εἰ σωθεῖεν, ἑκάστου ἔτους θεωρίαν ἀπάξειν εἰς Δῆλον·  ἣν δὴ ἀεὶ καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐξ ἐκείνου κατ᾽ ἐνιαυτὸν τῷ θεῷ πέμπουσιν.  ἐπειδὰν οὖν ἄρξωνται τῆς θεωρίας, νόμος ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ καθαρεύειν τὴν πόλιν καὶ δημοσίᾳ μηδένα ἀποκτεινύναι, πρὶν ἂν εἰς Δῆλόν τε ἀφίκηται τὸ πλοῖον καὶ πάλιν δεῦρο·  τοῦτο δ᾽ ἐνίοτε ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ γίγνεται, ὅταν τύχωσιν ἄνεμοι ἀπολαβόντες (58c) αὐτούς.  ἀρχὴ δ᾽ ἐστὶ τῆς θεωρίας ἐπειδὰν ὁ ἱερεὺς τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος στέψῃ τὴν πρύμναν τοῦ πλοίου·  τοῦτο δ᾽ ἔτυχεν, ὥσπερ λέγω, τῇ προτεραίᾳ τῆς δίκης γεγονός.  διὰ ταῦτα καὶ πολὺς χρόνος ἐγένετο τῷ Σωκράτει ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ ὁ μεταξὺ τῆς δίκης τε καὶ τοῦ θανάτου. 
FEDON. Hoc est illud navigium, ut aiunt Athenei, in quo quondam Theseus in Cretam bis septem illos vehebat agens, et salvavit equidem et ipse salvatus est.  Itaque Apollini voverunt, ut fertur, tunc, si salvarentur, uniuscuiusque anni spectaculum actum ire in Delum,  quod utique semper eciam nunc adbuc ex illo quotannis divo mittunt.  Quando quidem ergo inchoant spectaculum, lex est eis in tempore isto expiare urbem et publice nullum interimere prius quam in Delum abeat navigium et iterum veniat huc.  Hoc autem interdum in multo tempore fit, quociens contingunt venti detinentes eos.  Inicium certe spectaculi est cum sacerdos Apollinis coronet puppim navigii.  Hoc autem accidit, ut aio, pridie causam actum.  Propter ea et multum tempus factum est Socrati in carcere quod inter causam quoque et mortem. 
PHAE. (33) Haec est illa navis, ut aiunt Athenienses, in qua Theseus olim bis septem illos secum tulit (34) in Cretam, servavitque illos, et ille servatus est.  Voverat autem, ut fertur, Apollini, si serva(35)rentur, quotannis in Delum spectaculum quoddam mittere.  Quod quidem nunc etiam (36) ac semper ex illo tempore singulis ad deum mittunt annis.  Cum igitur spectaculi princi(37)pium agitur, ex lege interim lustrant urbem, neminemque eo tempore publice necant, do(38)nec Delum perveniat navis rursusque Athenas revertatur ex Delo.  Id vero nonnunquam (39) longo peragitur tempore, quando eos occupant venti.  Initium vero spectaculi est post(40)quam Apollinis sacerdos navis illius coronaverit puppim.  Id vero, ut modo dicebam, pri(41)die quam iudicaretur factum erat.  Quamobrem longum tempus Socrates fuit in carce(42)re iudicium inter atque mortem. 
PHAEDO: It is the ship in which, according to Athenian tradition, Theseus went to Crete when he took with him the fourteen youths, and was the saviour of them and of himself.  And they were said to have vowed to Apollo at the time, that if they were saved they would send a yearly mission to Delos.  Now this custom still continues,  and the whole period of the voyage to and from Delos, beginning when the priest of Apollo crowns the stern of the ship, is a holy season, during which the city is not allowed to be polluted by public executions;  and when the vessel is detained by contrary winds, the time spent in going and returning is very considerable.  See record before previous  As I was saying, the ship was crowned on the day before the trial,  and this was the reason why Socrates lay in prison and was not put to death until long after he was condemned. 
Ἐχεκράτης
τί δὲ δὴ τὰ περὶ αὐτὸν τὸν θάνατον, ὦ Φαίδων; 
τί ἦν τὰ λεχθέντα καὶ πραχθέντα, καὶ τίνες οἱ παραγενόμενοι τῶν ἐπιτηδείων τῷ ἀνδρί;  ἢ οὐκ εἴων οἱ ἄρχοντες παρεῖναι, ἀλλ᾽ ἔρημος ἐτελεύτα φίλων; 
ECHECRATES. Quid ergo circiter obitum, O Fedon?  Que erant dicta et acta, et qui assistentes domesticorum viro?  Vel non sinebant principes adesse, immo desertus obiit amicorum? 
ECHE. Circa vero mortem ipsam, o Phaedo,  quaenam (43) sunt ab eo dicta, quae facta, quive familiarium aderant?  An forte magistratus adesse non (44) permittebant, atque ita orbatus decessit amicis? 
ECHECRATES: What was the manner of his death, Phaedo?  What was said or done? And which of his friends were with him?  Or did the authorities forbid them to be present--so that he had no friends near him when he died? 
(58d) Φαίδων
οὐδαμῶς, ἀλλὰ παρῆσάν τινες, καὶ πολλοί γε. 
FEDON. Nullatenus.
ECHECRATES. Verum aderant quidam?
FEDON. Eciam plurimi. 
PHAE. Permittebant quidem. Ideoque (45) aderant aliqui, et quidem multi. 
PHAEDO: No; there were several of them with him. 
Ἐχεκράτης
ταῦτα δὴ πάντα προθυμήθητι ὡς σαφέστατα ἡμῖν ἀπαγγεῖλαι, εἰ μή τίς σοι ἀσχολία τυγχάνει οὖσα. 
ECHECRATES. Hec quidem universa studeto quam evidentissime nobis annunciare, nisi aliquod tibi vacacionis impedimentum acciderit. 
ECHECRAT. Haec igitur omnia para te quam planis(46)sime nobis referre, nisi quid negotij te impediat. 
ECHECRATES: If you have nothing to do, I wish that you would tell me what passed, as exactly as you can. 
Φαίδων
ἀλλὰ σχολάζω γε καὶ πειράσομαι ὑμῖν διηγήσασθαι· 
καὶ γὰρ τὸ μεμνῆσθαι Σωκράτους καὶ αὐτὸν λέγοντα καὶ ἄλλου ἀκούοντα ἔμοιγε ἀεὶ πάντων ἥδιστον. 
FEDON. Verum vaco quidem, et temptabo vobis recitare;  namque meminisse Socratis et ipsum dicentem et alium audientem michi quoque semper omnium dulcissimum. 
PHAE. Otiosus equidem sum atque (47) enarrare vobis conabor.  Quippe cum meminisse Socratis, sive ipse loquar sive loquen(48)tes alios audiam, mihi semper omnium sit dulcissimum. 
PHAEDO: I have nothing at all to do, and will try to gratify your wish.  To be reminded of Socrates is always the greatest delight to me, whether I speak myself or hear another speak of him. 
Ἐχεκράτης
ἀλλὰ μήν, ὦ Φαίδων, καὶ τοὺς ἀκουσομένους γε τοιούτους ἑτέρους ἔχεις· 
ἀλλὰ πειρῶ ὡς ἂν δύνῃ ἀκριβέστατα διεξελθεῖν πάντα. 
ECHECRATES. Necnon, O Fedon, eciam audituros huiuscemodi amicos habes.  Immo experire utcumque valeas diligentissime pertransire cuncta. 
ECHECRA. Similiter, o Phae(49)do, hos qui te audituri sunt, affectos habebis.  Sed iam pro viribus diligentissime refer (50) omnia. 
ECHECRATES: You will have listeners who are of the same mind with you,  and I hope that you will be as exact as you can. 
(58e) Φαίδων
καὶ μὴν ἔγωγε θαυμάσια ἔπαθον παραγενόμενος. 
οὔτε γὰρ ὡς θανάτῳ παρόντα με ἀνδρὸς ἐπιτηδείου ἔλεος εἰσῄει·  εὐδαίμων γάρ μοι ἁνὴρ ἐφαίνετο, ὦ Ἐχέκρατες, καὶ τοῦ τρόπου καὶ τῶν λόγων, ὡς ἀδεῶς καὶ γενναίως ἐτελεύτα,  ὥστε μοι ἐκεῖνον παρίστασθαι μηδ᾽ εἰς Ἅιδου ἰόντα ἄνευ θείας μοίρας ἰέναι,  ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκεῖσε ἀφικόμενον εὖ πράξειν (59a) εἴπερ τις πώποτε καὶ ἄλλος.  διὰ δὴ ταῦτα οὐδὲν πάνυ μοι ἐλεινὸν εἰσῄει, ὡς εἰκὸς ἂν δόξειεν εἶναι παρόντι πένθει,  οὔτε αὖ ἡδονὴ ὡς ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ ἡμῶν ὄντων ὥσπερ εἰώθεμεν -- καὶ γὰρ οἱ λόγοι τοιοῦτοί τινες ἦσαν --  ἀλλ᾽ ἀτεχνῶς ἄτοπόν τί μοι πάθος παρῆν καί τις ἀήθης κρᾶσις ἀπό τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς λύπης, ἐνθυμουμένῳ ὅτι αὐτίκα ἐκεῖνος ἔμελλε τελευτᾶν.  καὶ πάντες οἱ παρόντες σχεδόν τι οὕτω διεκείμεθα, τοτὲ μὲν γελῶντες, ἐνίοτε δὲ δακρύοντες, εἷς δὲ ἡμῶν καὶ διαφερόντως, Ἀπολλόδωρος -- (59b) οἶσθα γάρ που τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὸν τρόπον αὐτοῦ. 
FEDON. Quin ego eciam miranda perpeciebar assistens.  Neque enim evelut decessui presentem me viri familiaris miseracio subiit;  felix quippe michi vir videbatur esse, O Echecrate; et modo et sermonibus, quam impavide et generose obiit;  unde michi constabat illum nec in Avernum euntem absque divina parea obire,  atque illue venientem bene actum ire, si quis alieubi et alius.  Propter hoc autem nichil penitus miserabile subiit, uti congruum putaretur assistenti luctui,  nec iterum obledamentum uti in philosophia nobis existentibus quemadmodum consuevimus – et enim sermones tales quidam erant,  – ceterum ineffabiliter admirabilis quedam michi passio inerat et inconsueta habitudo ab oblectamento commixta simul et a tristicia, in mente habenti quoniam mox ille futurus erat mori.  Et omnes presentes ferme similiter dispositi eramus, nunc autem ridentes, aliquociens vero lacrimantes, unus certe nostrum et differenter, Apollodorus - nosti siquidem virum et modum eius. 
PHAEDO. Atqui miras quadam ratione, o Echecrates, illic praesens affectus (492, 1) eram.  Neque enim misericordia me habebat, ut familiarissimi viri morti praesentem.  Sa(2)ne beatus vir ille qui mihi, o Echecrates, videbatur, tum animi illius habitum, tum oratio(3)nem consideranti, adeo intrepide generoseque migrabat e vita,  ut videretur mihi illum in (4) vitam alteram, non absque divina forte migrare,  sed illic quoque beatum fore, siquis un(5)quam alter.  Quamobrem neque admodum commovebar ut consentaneum videretur ho(6)minem rei praesentem lugubri commoveri,  neque rursus afficiebat laetitia, quemadmodum (7) solebamus alias cum in philosophia versabamur. Nam sermones quidem eiusmodi e(8)rant,  sed revera affectus quidem mirus atque insolita voluptatis dolorisque permixtio me (9) invaserat considerantem illi paulo post moriendum fore.  Et quicunque aderamus fer(10)me similiter eramus affecti, alias quidem ridentes, alias vero lachrymantes. Vnus au(11)tem prae ceteris Apollodorus, nostri enim virum, eiusque morem. 
PHAEDO: I had a singular feeling at being in his company.  For I could hardly believe that I was present at the death of a friend, and therefore I did not pity him, Echecrates;  he died so fearlessly, and his words and bearing were so noble and gracious, that to me he appeared blessed.  I thought that in going to the other world he could not be without a divine call,  and that he would be happy, if any man ever was, when he arrived there,  and therefore I did not pity him as might have seemed natural at such an hour.  But I had not the pleasure which I usually feel in philosophical discourse (for philosophy was the theme of which we spoke).  I was pleased, but in the pleasure there was also a strange admixture of pain; for I reflected that he was soon to die,  and this double feeling was shared by us all; we were laughing and weeping by turns, especially the excitable Apollodorus--you know the sort of man? 
Ἐχεκράτης
πῶς γὰρ οὔ; 
ECHECRATES. Qui enim minime? 
EC. Quid ni? 
ECHECRATES: Yes. 
Φαίδων
ἐκεῖνός τε τοίνυν παντάπασιν οὕτως εἶχεν, καὶ αὐτὸς ἔγωγε ἐτεταράγμην καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι. 
FEDON. Ille sane omnifariam ita se habuit, et ipse ego profecto turbatus sum atque alii. 
PH. Il(12)le igitur ita prorsus erat affectus, atque ego ipse alijque omnes distractum similiter pertur(13)batione animum habebamus. 
PHAEDO: He was quite beside himself; and I and all of us were greatly moved. 
Ἐχεκράτης
ἔτυχον δέ, ὦ Φαίδων, τίνες παραγενόμενοι; 
ECHECRATES. Erant autem, O Fedon, aliqui presentes? 
EC. Sed quinam forte aderant, o Phaedo? 
ECHECRATES: Who were present? 
Φαίδων
οὗτός τε δὴ ὁ Ἀπολλόδωρος τῶν ἐπιχωρίων παρῆν καὶ Κριτόβουλος καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔτι Ἑρμογένης καὶ Ἐπιγένης καὶ Αἰσχίνης καὶ Ἀντισθένης· 
ἦν δὲ καὶ Κτήσιππος ὁ Παιανιεὺς καὶ Μενέξενος καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς τῶν ἐπιχωρίων.  Πλάτων δὲ οἶμαι ἠσθένει. 
FEDON. Hic vero Apollodorus indigenarum aderat et Critobulus et pater eius Criton, et adhuc Hermogenes et Epigenes et Eschines et Antistenes;  erat quoque et Ctisippus Peanieus et Menexenus et alii quidam indigetum.  Plato autem puto infirmabatur. 
PH. Cives qui(14)dem et indigenae aderant, ipse Apollodorus et Critobulus paterque eius Crito, rursus (15) Hermogenes, Epigenes, Aeschines, Antisthenes.  Aderat et Ctesippus Paeaneus et (16) Menexenus atque alij quidem indigenae.  Plato autem, ut arbitror, aegrotabat. 
PHAEDO: Of native Athenians there were, besides Apollodorus, Critobulus and his father Crito, Hermogenes, Epigenes, Aeschines, Antisthenes;  likewise Ctesippus of the deme of Paeania, Menexenus, and some others;  Plato, if I am not mistaken, was ill. 
Ἐχεκράτης
ξένοι δέ τινες παρῆσαν; 
ECHECRATES. Alienigene aliqui aderant? 
PC [EC]. Sed (17) num aliquid aderant peregrini? 
ECHECRATES: Were there any strangers? 
Φαίδων
(59c) ναί, Σιμμίας τέ γε ὁ Θηβαῖος καὶ Κέβης καὶ Φαιδώνιδης καὶ Μεγαρόθεν Εὐκλείδης τε καὶ Τερψίων. 
FEDON. Eciam, Simmias Thebanus et Cebes et Fedonides, et a Megaris Euclides equidem atque Terpsion. 
PH. Aderant et peregrini, Simmias Thebanus et Ce(18)bes et Phaedondes, Megarenses vero Euclides et Terpsion. 
PHAEDO: Yes, there were; Simmias the Theban, and Cebes, and Phaedondes; Euclid and Terpison, who came from Megara. 
Ἐχεκράτης
τί δέ; Ἀρίστιππος καὶ Κλεόμβροτος παρεγένοντο; 
ECHECRATES. Quid autem? Aristippus et Cleombrotus aderant? 
EC. Aristippus autem et (19) Cleombrotus nunquid aderant? 
ECHECRATES: And was Aristippus there, and Cleombrotus? 
Φαίδων
οὐ δῆτα· ἐν Αἰγίνῃ γὰρ ἐλέγοντο εἶναι. 
FEDON. Neutiquam; in Egina siquidem ferebantur esse. 
PH. Non. In Aegina enim dicebantur esse. 
PHAEDO: No, they were said to be in Aegina. 
Ἐχεκράτης
ἄλλος δέ τις παρῆν; 
ECHECRATES. Alius quis intererat? 
EC. Ade(20)rantne insuper alij? 
ECHECRATES: Any one else? 
Φαίδων
σχεδόν τι οἶμαι τούτους παραγενέσθαι. 
FEDON. Ferme reor hos interfuisse. 
PH. Hos ferme quos narravi interfuisse existimo. 
PHAEDO: I think that these were nearly all. 
Ἐχεκράτης
τί οὖν δή; τίνες φῂς ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι; 
ECHECRATES. Quid ergo? Qui, dicis, erant sermones? 
ECH. Dic vero (21) quales fuerint sermones? 
ECHECRATES: Well, and what did you talk about? 
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