▪ Jeffery1938: »We also find
al-quddūs an epithet for God, lix, 23; lxii, 1;
qaddasa ‘to bless, sanctify’, ii, 28;
muqaddas and
muqaddasaẗ ‘holy’, ‘sacred’, v, 24; xx, 12; lxxix, 16. / The root is common Sem and would seem to have meant primitively ‘to withdraw, separate’,
1
and some of the philologers would derive the meaning of the Qurʔānic words from this sense (cf. Bayḍ. on ii, 28). It has long been recognized, however, that as a technical religious term, this sense is a NSem development, and occurs only as a borrowed sense of the root in SSem.
2
Thus Eth [Gz]
qaddasa in the sense of ‘holy’ (i.e.
qəddus) is a borrowing from Aram, as Nöldeke,
Neue Beiträge, 35, shows, and there can be little doubt that Fraenkel,
Vocab, 20;
Fremdw, 57, is correct in tracing the Ar word to a similar source. Hirschfeld,
Beiträge, 39 ff., thinks the Ar use developed under Jewish influence, but the Qurʔānic use is more satisfactorily explained from Christian Aram,
3
particularly the
rūḥ al-qudus from Syr
rūḥā d-qūdšā; while the form
quddūs may have come from the Eth [Gz]
qəddus (Horovitz,
JPN, 218).
4
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