Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Chāndogyopaniṣat

Complete text

jānaśrutir ha pautrāyaṇaḥ śraddhādeyo bahudāyī bahupākya āsa |
sa ha sarvata āvasathān māpayāṃ cakre sarvata eva me ’nnam atsyantīti ||

راجه ای بود جان شروتی نام ، خیرات بسیار میکرد و طعام بسیار بمردم میخوراست وسراهای بسیر برای مسافران ساخته بود و بسیر خردمند و نیکو کار بود ۰ شبی بر پشت نام خود رو بآسمان خوابیده بود

IX. RADJAH fuit, Djanschat nomine, qui bonum plurimum agebat, et cibum multum cum homine (homines) comedere faciebat. Sarhai (hospitia, diversoria) plurima propter viatores construxerat. Cum valdè beneficus foret, nocte (quâdam) super dorsum (super doma) tecti sui, facie ad cœlum factâ (versâ), sopitus erat.

1. FIRST KHANDA
There lived once upon a time Ganasruti Pautrayana (the great-grandson of Ganasruta), who was a pious giver, bestowing much wealth upon the people, and always keeping open house. He built places of refuge everywhere, wishing that people should everywhere eat of his food.

atha caturtho ’dhyāyaḥ vāyuprāṇayor brahmaṇaḥ pādadṛṣṭyadhyāsaḥ purastād varṇitaḥ | athedānīṃ tayoḥ sākṣād brahmatvenopāsyatvāyottaram ārabhyate | sukhāvabodhārthākhyāyikā, vidyādānagrahaṇavidhipradarśanārthā ca śraddhānnadānānuddhatatvādīnāṃ ca vidyāprāpti sādhanatvaṃ pradarśyata ākhyāyikayā | jānaśrutir janaśrutasyāpatyam | haḥ aitihyārthaḥ | putrasya pautraḥ pautrāyaṇaḥ sa eva śraddhādeyaḥ śraddhāpuraḥsaram eva brāhmaṇādibhyo deyam asyeti śraddhādeyaḥ | bahudāyī prabhūtaṃ dātuṃ śīlam asyeti bahudāyī | bahupākyo bahu paktavyam ahany ahani gṛhe yasyāsaubahupākyaḥ | bhojanārthibhyo bahvasya gṛhe ’nnaṃ pacyata ity arthaḥ | evaṅguṇasampanno ’sau jānaśrutiḥ pautrāyaṇo viśiṣṭe deśe kāle ca kasmiṃścid āsa babhūva | sa ha sarvataḥ sarvāsu dikṣu grāmeṣu nagareṣu cāvasathān etya vasanti yeṣv ity āvasathās tān māpayāñ cakre kāritavān ity arthaḥ | sarvata eva me mamānnaṃ teṣv āvasatheṣu vasanto ’tsyanti bhokṣyanta ityevamabhiprāyaḥ || 1 ||

atha ha haṃsā niśāyām atipetuḥ |
tad dhaivaṃ haṃso haṃsam abhyuvāda |
ho ho ’yi bhallākṣa bhallākṣa jānaśruteḥ pautrāyaṇasya samaṃ divā jyotir ātataṃ tan mā prasāṅkṣīs tat tvāṃ mā pradhākṣīr iti ||

وچندی از رکهیشران اورا خردمند و نیکو کار دانسته بصورت هنس شده پرواز نموده ببالای خانهٔ راجه رسیده وبجهت آنکه راجه را بسعادت گیان ومعرفت بر سانند این گفتگو را بایکدیگر شروع کردند ۰ هنس پیشین هنس پسین را گفت : ای هنس پسین مبادا از بالای که نور این راجهٔ نکو کار از آسمان گذشته است - از میان آن نور مگذر مبادا خود را بسوزی

Quam multi è rek'heschiran, eum beneficum et bonum operantem ut sciebant, sub figura hens (magnœ perdicis) facti, volatum cùm ostendissent (volantes), cum desuper domum τοῦ Radjah cùm pervenissent, respectu ilio quód (ut) τὸν Radjah cum felicitate (ad felicitatem) kian (scientiœ) et maarefat (cognitionis) pervenire facerent, hujus colloquii, cum uno alter, inchoationem fecerunt. Hens (perdix) prior, hens (perdici) posteriori dixit: ô, hens posterior! absit! à desuper hunc Radjah (cave ne) transeas; quód nourani (lucidum, splendor) hujus Radjah bonum operantis à cœlo prætergressum est ¹ : è medio (per medium) hujus lucis facta ne transeas; quód, absit! (ne) ardescas.

2. Once in the night some Hamsas (flamingoes) flew over his house, and one flamingo said to another: 'Hey, Bhallaksha, Bhallaksha (short-sighted friend). The light (glory) of Ganasruti Pautrayana has spread like the sky. Do not go near, that it may not burn thee.'

tatraivaṃ sati rājani tasmin dharmakāle harmyatalasthe ’tha ha haṃsā niśāyāṃ rātrāv atipetuḥ | ṛṣayo devatā vā rājño ’nnadānaguṇais toṣitāḥ santo haṃsārūpā bhūtvā rājño darśanagocare ’tipetuḥ | tat tasmin kāle teṣāṃ patatāṃ haṃsānām ekaḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ patann agrataḥ patantaṃ haṃsam abhyuvādābhyuktavān ho ho ’yīti bho bho iti sambodhya bhallākṣa bhallākṣety ādaraṃ darśayan yathā paśya paśyāścaryam iti tadvat | bhallākṣeti mandadṛṣṭitvaṃ sūcayann āha | athavā samyagbrahmadarśanābhimānavat tvāt tasyāsakṛdupālabdhas tena pīḍyamāno ’marṣitayā tat sūcayati bhallākṣeti | jānaśruteḥ pautrāyaṇasya samaṃ tulyaṃ divā dyulokena jyotiḥ prabhāsvaram annadānādijanitaprabhāvajam ātataṃ vyāptaṃ dyulokaspṛg ity arthaḥ | divāhnā vā samaṃ jyotir ity etat | tan mā prasāṅkṣīḥ sañjanaṃ saktiṃ tena jyotiṣā sambandhaṃ mā kārṣīr ity arthaḥ | tatprasañjanena tajjyotis tvā tvāṃ mā pradhākṣīr mā dahatv ity arthaḥ puruṣavyaty anena mā pradhākṣīd iti || 2 ||

tam u ha paraḥ pratyuvāca kam v ara enam etat santaṃ sayugvānam iva raikvam āttha iti |
yo nu kathaṃ sayugvā raikva iti ||

هنس پسین گفت: اینقدر تعریف این راجه کردی ، مگر این ریکوا رکهیشر است ؟ گفت : ریکوا چطور رکهیشری است ؟ ، تعریف او بکن ۰

Hens posterior dixit: hoc quantùm notum (gratumque) hunc Radjah (illius elogium) fecisti: sed hoc τῷ Djang rek’heschir est (convenit). Hens prior dixit: Djang quomodó (qualis) rek’heschir est? notum illum fac (cognoscendum dederis). (29)

3. The other answered him: 'How can you speak of him, being what he is (a raganya, noble), as if he were like Raikva with the car?'

tam evam uktavantaṃ para itaro ’gragāmī pratyuvācāre nikṛṣṭo ’yaṃ rājā varākastaṃ kamu enaṃ santaṃ kena māhātmyena yuktaṃ santam iti kutsayaty enam evaṃ sabahumānam etadvacanam āttha raikvam iva, sayugvānaṃ saha yugvanā gantryā vartata iti sayugvā raikvaḥ | tam ivātthainam | ananurūpam asminn ayuktam īdṛśaṃ vaktuṃ raikva ivety abhiprāyaḥ | itaraś cāha-yo nu kathaṃ tva yocyate sayugvā raikva ity uktavantaṃ bhallākṣa āha śṛṇu yathā sa raikvaḥ || 3 ||

yathā kṛtāya vijitāyādhareyāḥ saṃyanty evam enaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃca prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti |
yas tad veda yat sa veda sa mayaitad ukta iti ||

هنس پسین گفت : اینچنین رکهیشری است که همیشه باخود بهلی نگاه میدارد ، او اینچنین رکهیشری است که هر کسی که عمل نیك میکند ، داخل عمل اوست و هر کسی که گیان و معرفت دارد ، داخل گیان و معرفت اوست و او کسی است مثل قمار بازی که چندین کسی در آن شریك باشند و نقش یکی بیابد وزر همه را ببرد ۰

Hens posterior dixit: is hujusmodi rek'heschir est, qui semper cum se ipso camelum liberum (solutum) servatum habet: et hujus speciei rekheschir est, quód quælibet persona quæ opus purum facit, perveniens opus (operis meritum ad) eum est; et quælibet persona quæ kian (scientiam) et cognitionem [habet, perveniens kian et cognitio] (ad) eum est: is quidam est, quód, sicut alea, quód (ubi) tam multæ personæ in eà consortes sint, et picturam (folium pictum) una assequitur, et aurum omne aufert.

4. The first replied: 'How is it with this Raikva with the car of whom thou speakest?'
The other answered: 'As (in a game of dice) all the lower casts belong to him who has conquered with the Krita cast, so whatever good deeds other people perform, belong to that Raikva. He who knows what he knows, he is thus spoken of by me.'

yathā loke kṛtāyaḥ kṛto nāmāyo dyūtasamaye prasiddhaś caturaṅkaḥ sa yadā jayati dyūte pravṛttānāṃ tasmai vijitāya tadartham itare tridvyekāṅkā adhare ’yās tretād vāparakalināmānaḥ saṃyanti saṃgacchante ’ntarbhavanti | caturaṅke kṛtāye tridvyekāṅkānāṃ vidyamānatvāt tad antarbhavantīty arthaḥ | yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭānta evam enaṃ raikvaṃ kṛtāyasthānīyaṃ tretādy āyasthānīyaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisamety antarbhavati raikve | kiṃ tad yat kiñca loke sarvāḥ prajāḥ sādhu śobhanaṃ dharmajātaṃ kurvanti tat sarvaṃ raikvasya dharme ’ntarbhavati | tasya ca phale sarvaprāṇidharmaphalam antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | tathānyo ’pi kaścid yas tad vedyaṃ veda | kiṃ tad yad vedyaṃ sa raikvo veda | tad vedyam anyo ’pi yo veda tam api sarvaprāṇidharmajātaṃ tatphalaṃ ca raikvam ivābhisametīty anuvartate | sa evaṃbhūto mayā vidvān etad ukta evam ukto raikvavat sa eva kṛtāyasthānīyo bhavatīty abhiprāyaḥ || 4 ||

tad u ha jānaśrutiḥ pautrāyaṇa upaśuśrāva |
sa ha saṃjihāna eva kṣattāram uvācāṅgāre ha sayugvānam iva raikvam āttheti |
yo nu kathaṃ sayugvā raikva iti ||

چون این سخن را راجه شنید ، او تغیری بهم رسید و شب را به بی آرامی و بیقرارئی گذرانید - چون صبح شد ، خادم اعتمادی خود را طلبیده گفت : امشب اینچنین گفتگوی هنسها شنیدهام ، تو آن رکهیشر را جسنه پیدا کن - خادم گفت : نشان او چیست ؟

Hoc verbum hens (perdicis) Radjah audivit: et, à τῷ audire, mutatio (alteratio) in eum ut simul venit, et noctem absque quiete et sine tranquillitate (stabilitate) pertransiit. Cum manè fuit, famulum fidelem suum cum postulasset (vocasset), (ei) dixit, quód, hac nocte, hujusmodi colloquium hensha (perdicum) audivi. Tu illum rek’heschir ut quæsiveris, apparere fac (producas). (Famulus) dixit: signum (indicium) ejus quid est?

5. Ganasruti Pautrayana overheard this conversation, and as soon as he had risen in the morning, he said to his door-keeper (kshattri): 'Friend, dost thou speak of (me, as if I were) Raikva with the car?'
He replied: 'How is it with this Raikva with the car?'

yathā kṛtāya vijitāyādhareyāḥ saṃyanty evam enaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃca prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti |
yas tad veda yat sa veda sa mayaitad ukta iti ||

راجه گفت : نش نشان او این است که همیسه باخود بهلی نگاه میدارد .

(Radjah) dixit: indicium ejus hoc est; quód, semper cum se ipso camelum solutum habet.

6. The king said: 'As (in a game of dice), all the lower casts belong to him who has conquered with the Krita cast, so whatever good deeds other people perform, belong to that Raikva. He who knows what he knows, he is thus spoken of by me.'

tad u ha tad etad īdṛśaṃ haṃsavākyam ātmanaḥ kutsārūpam anyasya viduṣo raikvādeḥ praśaṃsārūpam upaśuśrāva śrutavān harmyatalastho rājā jānaśrutiḥ pautrāyaṇaḥ | tac ca haṃsavākyaṃ smarann eva paunaḥ punyena rātriśeṣam ativāhayām āsa | tataḥ sa bandibhī rājā stutiyuktābhir vāgbhiḥ pratibodhyamāna uvāca kṣattāraṃ saṃjihāna eva śayanaṃ nidrāṃ vā parityajann eva he ’ṅga vatsāre sa sayugvānam iva raikvam āttha kiṃ mām | sa eva stutyarhe nāham ity abhiprāyaḥ | athavā sayugvānaṃ raikvam āttha gatvā mama tad didṛkṣā; tad eva śabdo ’vadhāraṇārtho ’narthako vā vācyaḥ | sa ca kṣattā pratyuvāca raikvānayanakāmo rājño ’bhiprāyajño yo nu kathaṃ sayugvā raikva iti, rājñaivaṃ cokta ānetuṃ tac cihnaṃ jñatum icchanyo nu kathaṃ sayugvā raikva ity avocat | sa ca bhallākṣavacanam evāvocat || 5-6 ||

sa ha kṣattānviṣya nāvidam iti pratyeyāya |
taṃ hovāca yatrāre brāhmaṇasyānveṣaṇā tad enam arccheti ||

خادم رفت و همهٔ شهرها را جسته و نیافته بر گشته آمد و به راجه گفت : من او را نیافتم - راجه گفت : او را در بیابانها و کومها که رکهیشران در آن میباشند ، باید جست

Famulus profectus est; et cùm (in) cunctis urbibus quæsiisset, et (illum) non invenisset, reversus venit, et τῷ Radjah dixit, quód ego eum non inveni. Radjah dixit: eum in montibus et locis incultis, quód oἱ rekheschiran in illo loco sint (manent), oportet querere.

7. The door-keeper went to look for Raikva, but returned saying, 'I found him not.' Then the king said: 'Alas! where a Brahmana should be searched for (in the solitude of the forest), there go for him.'

tasya smaransa ha kṣattā nagaraṃ grāmaṃ vā gatvānviṣya raikvaṃ nāvidaṃ na vyajñāsiṣam iti pratyeyāya pratyāgatavān | taṃ hovāca kṣattaram are yatra brāhmaṇasya brahmavida ekānte ’raṇye nadīpulinādau vivikte deśe ’nveṣaṇānumārgaṇaṃ bhavati tat tatrainaṃ raikvam archa ṛccha gaccha tatra mārgaṇaṃ kurvity arthaḥ || 7 ||

so ’dhastāc chakaṭasya pāmānaṃ kaṣamāṇam upopaviveśa |
taṃ hābhyuvāca tvaṃ nu bhagavaḥ sayugvā raikva iti |
ahaṃ hy arā 3 iti ha pratijajñe |
sa ha kṣattāvidam iti pratyeyāya ||

خادم که بار برای جستن او بصحرا رفت دید که بهلی است ودر زیر آن فقیری افتاده خود را میخارد - پرسید که حضرت ریکوا شمائید ؟ - گفت آری منم - خدام بر گفته نزد راجه آمد و بشارت داد که ریکوا رکهیشر را یافتم

Famulus, qui, hac vice, propter τὸ quærere eum, in deserta it (iverat), vidit quód camelus solutus esset, et in sub illo fakri (pauper) lapsus (prostratus) et (qui) se ipsum scalpebat. Petiit, quód, ὁ hazzeret (præsentia, sanctitas)! Djang rek'heschir vos estis? Dixit: arei (ô)! ego sum. Famulus reversus, propè τὸν Radjah cum venisset, laetum nuncium dedit, quód ego τὸν Djang rek’heschir inveni.

8. The door-keeper came to a man who was lying beneath a car and scratching his sores. He addressed him, and said: 'Sir, are you Raikva with the car?'
He answered: ' Here I am.'
Then the door-keeper returned, and said: 'I have found him.'

ity uktaḥ kṣattānviṣya taṃ vijane deśe ’dhastāc chakaṭasya gantryāḥ pāmānaṃ kharjūṃ kaṣamāṇaṃ kaṇḍūyamānaṃ dṛṣṭvāyaṃ nūnaṃ sayugvā raikva ity upa samīpa upaviveśa vinayenopaviṣṭavān | taṃ ca raikvaṃ hābhyuvācoktavān | tvam asi he bhagavo bhagavan sayugvā raikva iti | evaṃ pṛṣṭo ’ham asmi hy arā 3 ara iti hānādara eva pratijajñe ’bhyupagatavān | sa taṃ vijñāyāvidaṃ vijñātavān asmīti pratyeyāya pratyāgata ity arthaḥ‍ || 8 ||

iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi caturthādhyāyasya prathamaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

1. Az asman goudzaschteh ast: vel, è cœlo transiit, venit.

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