Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣat

Complete text

ātmaivedam agra āsīt puruṣavidhaḥ | so 'nuvīkṣya nānyad ātmano 'paśyat | so 'ham asmīty agre vyāharat | tato 'haṃnāmābhavat | tasmād apy etarhy āmantrito 'ham ayam ity evāgra uktvāthānyan nāma prabrūte yad asya bhavati | sa yat pūrvo 'smāt sarvasmāt sarvān pāpmana auṣat tasmāt puruṣaḥ | oṣati ha vai sa taṃ yo 'smāt pūrvo bubhūṣati ya evaṃ veda ||

FOURTH BRÂHMANA
1. In the beginning this was Self alone, in the shape of a person (purusha). He looking round saw nothing but his Self. He first said, 'This is I;' therefore he became I by name. Therefore even now, if a man is asked, he first says, 'This is I,' and then pronounces the other name which he may have. And because before (pûrva) all this, he (the Self) burnt down (ush) all evils, therefore he was a person (pur-usha). Verily he who knows this, burns down every one who tries to be before him.

ātmaivātmeti prajāpatiḥ prathamo 'ṇḍajaḥ śarīryabhidhīyate | vaidikajñānakarmaphalabhūtaḥ sa eva kim? idaṃ śarīrabhedajātaṃ tena prajāpatiśarīreṇāvibhaktam | ātmaivāsīdagre prākśarīrāntarotpatteḥ | sa ca puruṣavidhaḥ puruṣaprakāraḥ śiraḥprāṇyādilakṣaṇo virāṭ | sa eva prathamaḥ sambhūto 'nuvīkṣyānvālocanaṃ kṛtvā, ko 'haṃ kiṃlakṣaṇo vāsmīti, nānyadvastvantaram, ātmanaḥ prāṇapiṇḍātmakāryakaraṇarūpānna apaśyanna dadarśa | kevalaṃ tvātmānameva sarvātmānamapaśyat | tathā pūrvajanmaśrautavijñānasaṃskṛtaḥ, so 'haṃ prajāpatiḥ sarvātmāhamasmītyagre vyāharadvyāhṛtavān | tatastasmādyataḥ pūrvajñānasaṃskārād ātmānamevāhamityabhyadhādagre tasmādahaṃnāmābhavat | tasyopaniṣadamiti śrutipradarśitameva nāma vakṣyati | tasmādyasmātkāraṇe prajāpatāvevaṃ vṛttaṃ tasmāt, tatkāryabhūteṣu prāṇiṣu etarhyetasminnapi kāla āmantritaḥ kastvamityuktaḥ sannahamayamityevāgra uktvā kāraṇātmābhidhānena ātmānamabhidhāyāgre punarviśeṣanāmajijñāsave 'thānantaraṃ viśeṣapiṇḍābhidhānaṃ devadatto yajñadatto veti prabūte kathayati yannāmāsya viśeṣapiṇḍasya mātāpitṛkṛtaṃ bhavati tatkathayati | sa ca prajāpatiratikrāntajanmani samyakkarmajñānabhāvanānuṣṭhānaiḥ sādhakāvasthāyāṃ yadyasmātkarmajñānabhāvanānuṣṭhānaiḥ prajāpatitvaṃ pratipitsūnāṃ pūrvaḥ prathamaḥ san asmātprajāpatitvapratipitsusamudāyātsarvasmād ādau auṣadadahat | kim? āsaṅgājñānalakṣaṇānsarvānpāpmanaḥ prajāpatitva pratibandhakāraṇabhūtān | yasmādevaṃ tasmātpuruṣaḥ, pūrvamauṣaditi puruṣaḥ | yathāyaṃ prajāpatiroṣitvā prativandhakānpāpmanaḥ sarvānpuruṣaḥ prajāpatirabhavat, evamanyo 'pi jñānakarmabhāvanānuṣṭhānavahninā kevalaṃ jñānabalādvauṣati bhasmīkaroti ha vai sa tam;kam? yo 'smādviduṣaḥ pūrvaḥ prathamaḥ prajāpatirbubhūṣati bhavitumicchati tamityarthaḥ | taṃ darśayati ya evaṃ vedeti | sāmarthyājjñānabhāvanāprakarṣavān | nanvanarthāya prājāpatyapratipipsā, evaṃvidā ceddahyate |
naiṣa doṣaḥ, jñānabhāvanotkarṣābhāvātprathamaṃ prajāpatitvapratipattya bhāvamātratvāddāhasya |
utkṛṣṭasādhanaḥ prathamaṃ prajāpatitvaṃ prāpnuvan nyūnasādhano na prāpnotīti, sa taṃ dahatītyucyate |
na punaḥ pratyakṣamutkṛṣṭasādhanena itaro dahyate |
yathā loke ājisṛtāṃ yaḥ prathamamājimupasarpati tenetare dagdhā ivāpahṛtasāmarthyā bhavanti tadvat || 1 ||
yadidaṃ tuṣṭūṣitaṃ karmakāṇḍavihitajñānakarmaphalaṃ prājāpatyalakṣaṇaṃ naiva tatsaṃsāraviṣayamatyakrāmaditīmamartha pradarśayiṣyannāha-

so 'bibhet tasmād ekākī bibheti | sa hāyam īkṣāṃ cakre, yan mad anyan nāsti kasmān nu bibhemīti | tata evāsya bhayaṃ vīyāya | kasmād dhy abheṣyat | dvitīyād vai bhayaṃ bhavati ||

2. He feared, and therefore any one who is lonely fears. He thought, 'As there is nothing but myself, why should I fear?' Thence his fear passed away. For what should he have feared? Verily fear arises from a second only.

so 'bibhetsa prajāpatiryoyaṃ prathamaḥ śarīri puruṣavidho vyākhyātaḥ | so 'bibhedbhītavānasmadādivadevetyāha | yasmādayaṃ puruṣavidhaḥ śarīrakaraṇavān ātmanāśaviparītadarśanavatvād abibhet, tasmāttatsāmānyādadyatve 'pyekākī bibheti | kiñcāsmadādivadeva bhayahetuviparītadarśanāpanodakāraṇaṃ yathābhūtātmadarśanam | so 'yaṃ prajāpatirīkṣāmīkṣaṇaṃ cakre kṛtavān ha | katham? ityāha- yadyasmānmattonyadātmavyatirekeṇa vastvantaraṃ pratidvandībhūtaṃ nāsti, tasminnātmavināśahetvabhāve kasmānnu bibhemīti | tata eva yathābhūtātmadarśanādasya prajāpaterbhayaṃ vīyāya vispaṣṭamapagatavat | tasya prajāpateryadbhayaṃ tatkevalāvidyānimittameva paramārthadarśane 'nupapannamityāha- kasmāddhyabheṣyat kimityasau bhītavānparamārthanirūpaṇāyāṃ bhayamanupapannamevetyabhiprāyaḥ | yasmād dvitīyadvastvantaraddhi bhayaṃ bhavati | dvitīyaṃ ca vastvantaramavidyāpratyupasthāpitameva;na hyadṛśyamānaṃ dvitīyaṃ bhayajanmano hetuḥ"tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śokaḥ ekatvamanupaśyataḥ"(īśā.7) iti mantravarṇāt | yaccaikatvadarśanena bhayamapanunoda tadyuktam | kasmāt? dvitīyādvastvantarādvai bhayaṃ bhavati, tadekatvadarśanena dvitīyadarśanamapanītamiti nāsti yataḥ | atra codayanti- kutaḥ prajāpaterekatvadarśanaṃ jātam? ko vāsmai upadideśa? athānupadiṣṭameva prādurabhūt, asmadāderapi tathā prasaṅgaḥ | atha janmāntarakṛtasaṃskārahetukam, ekatvadarśanānarthakyaprasaṅgaḥ | yathāprajāpateratikrāntajanmāvasthasya ekatvadarśanaṃ vidyamānamapyavidyābandhakāraṇaṃ nāpaninye, yataḥ avidyāsaṃyukta evāyaṃ jāto 'bibhet, evaṃ sarveṣāmekatvadarśanānarthakyaṃ prāpnoti | antyameva nivartakamiti cenna, pūrvavatpunaḥ prasaṅgenānaikāntyāt | tasmādanarthakamevaikatvadarśanamiti |
naiṣa doṣaḥ, utkṛṣṭahetūdbhavatvāllokavat |
yathā puṇyakarmodbhavairviviktaiḥ kāryakaraṇaiḥ saṃyukte janmani sati prajñāmedhāsmṛtivaiśāradyaṃ dṛṣṭam, tathā prajāpateḥ dharmajñānavairāgyaiśvaryaviparītahetusarvapāpmadāhāt viśuddhaiḥ kāryakaraṇai saṃyuktamutkṛṣṭaṃ janma tadudbhavaṃ cānupadiṣṭameva yuktamekatvadarśanaṃ prajāpateḥ |
tathā ca smṛtiḥ-"jñānamagratidhaṃ yasya vairāgyaṃ ca jagatpateḥ |
aiśvaryaṃ caiva dharmasya sahasiddhaṃ catuṣṭayam ||
"iti | sahasiddhatve bhayānupapattiriti cet | na hyādityena saha tama udeti | na, anyānupadiṣṭārthatvātsaha siddhavākyasya | śraddhātātparyapraṇipātādīnām ahetutvamiti cet syānmatam"śraddhāvāṃllabhate jñānaṃ tatparaḥ saṃyatendriyaḥ"(gītā 4 | 39) "tadviddhi praṇipātena"(gītā 4 | 34) ityevamādīnāṃ śrutismṛtivihitānāṃ jñānahetūnāmahetutvam, prajāpatiriva janmāntarakṛtadharmahetutve jñānasyeti cet? na;nimittavikalpasamuccayaguṇavadaguṇavattvabhedopapatteḥ | loke hi naimittikānāṃ kāryāṇāṃ nimittabhedo 'nekadhā vikalpate | tathā nimittasamuccayaḥ | teṣāṃ ca vikalpitānāṃ samuccitānāṃ ca punarguṇavadaguṇavattvakṛto bhedo bhavati | tadyathā- rūpajñāna eva tāvannaimittike kārye- tamasi vinālokena cakṣūrūpasannikarṣo naktañcarāṇāṃ rūpajñāne nimittaṃ bhavati | mana eva kevalaṃ rūpajñānanimittaṃ yogīnām | asmākaṃ tu sannikarṣālokābhyāṃ saha tathādityacandrādyālokabhedaiḥ samuccitā nimittabhedā bhavanti | tathā ālokaviśeṣaguṇavadaguṇavattvena bhedāḥ syuḥ | evameva ātmaikatvajñāne 'pi kvacijjanmāntarakṛtaṃ kārma nimittaṃ bhavati, yathā prajāpateḥ | kvacittapo nimittam,"tapasā vijijñāsasva"(chā.u.3 | 2 | 1) iti śruteḥ | kvacit"ācāryavānpuruṣo veda"(chā.u.6 | 14 | 2) "śraddhāvāṃllabhate jñānam"(gītā.4 | 39) "tadviddhi praṇipātena"(gītā.4 | 34) "ācāryāddhaiva"(chā.u.4 | 1 | 3) "draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavyaḥ"(bṛ.u.2 | 4 | 5) ityādi śrutismṛtibhya ekāntajñānalābhanimittatvaṃ śraddhāprabhṛtīnām adharmādinimittaviyogahetutvāt |
vedāntaśravaṇamanananididhyāsanānāṃ ca sākṣājjñeyaviṣayatvāt |
pāpādipratibandhakṣaye cātmamanasorbhūtārthajñānanimittasvābhāvyāt |
tasmādahetutvaṃ na jātu jñānasya śraddhāpraṇipātādīnāmiti || 2 ||
itaśca saṃsāraviṣaya eva prājāpatitvam, yataḥ |

sa vai naiva reme | tasmād ekākī na ramate | sa dvitīyam aicchat | sa haitāvān āsa yathā strīpumāṃsau sampariṣvaktau | sa imam evātmānaṃ dvedhāpātayat | tataḥ patiś ca patnī cābhavatām | tasmād idam ardhabṛgalam iva sva iti ha smāha yājñavalkyaḥ | tasmād ayam ākāśaḥ striyā pūryata eva | tāṃ samabhavat | tato manuṣyā ajāyanta ||

3. But he felt no delight. Therefore a man who is lonely feels no delight. He wished for a second. He was so large as man and wife together. He then made this his Self to fall in two (pat), and thence arose husband (pati) and wife (patnî). Therefore Yâgñavalkya said: 'We two are thus (each of us) like half a shell.' Therefore the void which was there, is filled by the wife. He embraced her, and men were born.

sa prāpatirvai naiva reme ratiṃ nānvabhavat, aratyāviṣṭo 'bhūdityarthaḥ, asmādādideva yataḥ, idānīmapi tasmādekākitvādidharmavattvādekākī na ramate ratiṃ nānubhavati | ratirnāmeṣṭārthasaṃyogajā krīḍā, tatprasaṃgina iṣṭaviyogānmanasyākulībhāvo 'ratirityucyate | sa tasyā araterapanodāya dvitīyam aratyapaghātasamarthaṃ strīvastvaicchadgṛddhimakarot | tasya caivaṃ strīviṣayaṃ gṛdhyataḥ striyā pariṣvaktasyevātmano bhāvo babhūva | sa tena satyepsutvād etāvānetatparimāṇa āsa babhūva ha | kiṃparimāṇaḥ? ityāha- yathā loke strīpumāṃsau aratyapanodāya sampariṣvaktau yatparimāṇau syātāṃ tathā tatparimāṇau babhūvetyarthaḥ | sa tathā tatparimāṇameva iyamātmānaṃ dvedhā dviprakāramapātayatpātitavān iyamevetyavadhāraṇaṃ mūlakāraṇādvirājo viśeṣaṇārtham | na kṣīrasya sarvopamardena dadhibhāvāpattivadvirāṭ sarvopamardenaitāvānāsa;kiṃ tarhi? ātmanā vyavasthitasyaiva virājaḥ satyasaṃkalpatvādātmavyatiriktaṃ strīpuṃsapariṣvaktaparisāṇaṃ śarīrāntaraṃ babhūva | sa eva ca virāṭ tathābhūtaḥ sa haitāvānāseti sāmānādhikaraṇyāt | tatastasmātpātanātpatitaśca patnī cābhavatāmiti dampatyornirvacanaṃ laukikayoḥ | ata eva tasmāt, yasmādātmana evārdhaḥ pṛthagbhūtoyeyaṃ strī, tasmādidaṃ śarīramānor'dhabṛgalamardhaṃ ca tad bṛgalaṃ vidalaṃ ca tadardhabṛgalam ardhavidalamevetyarthaḥ | prākstryudvahanātkasyārdhabṛgalam? ityucyate- sva ātmana iti | evamāha smoktavānkila yājñavalkyaḥ, yajñasya valko vaktā yajñavalkastasyāpatyaṃ yājñavalkyo daivarātirityarthaḥ |
brahmaṇo vāpatyam |
yasmādayaṃ puruṣārdha ākāśaḥ stryardhaśūnyaḥ punarudvahanāttasmātpūryate stryardhena, punaḥ sampuṭīkaraṇeneva vidalārdhaḥ |
tāṃ sa prajāpatirmanvākhyaḥ śatarūpākhyāmātmano duhitaraṃ patnītvena kalpitāṃ samabhavanmaithunamupagatavān |
tatastasmāttadupagamanād manuṣyā ajāyantotpannāḥ || 3 ||

so heyam īkṣāṃ cakre -- kathaṃ nu mātmana eva janayitvā sambhavati | hanta tiro 'sānīti | sā gaur abhavad vṛṣabha itaraḥ | tāṃ sam evābhavat | tato gāvo 'jāyanta | vaḍavetarābhavad aśvavṛṣa itaraḥ | gardabhītarā gardabha itaraḥ | tāṃ sam evābhavat | tata ekaśapham ajāyata | ajetarābhavad basta itaraḥ | avir itarā meṣa itaraḥ | tāṃ sam evābhavat | tato 'jāvayo 'jāyanta | evam eva yad idaṃ kiñca mithunam ā pipīlikābhyas tat sarvam asṛjata ||

4. She thought, 'How can he embrace me, after having produced me from himself? I shall hide myself.' She then became a cow, the other became a bull and embraced her, and hence cows were born. The one became a mare, the other a stallion; the one a male ass, the other a female ass. He embraced her, and hence one-hoofed animals were born. The one became a she-goat, the other a he-goat; the one became a ewe, the other a ram. He embraced her, and hence goats and sheep were born. And thus he created everything that exists in pairs, down to the ants.

sā śatarūpā u ha iyaṃ seyaṃ duhitṛgamane smārtaṃ pratiṣedhamanusmarantīkṣāñcake | kathaṃ nvidamakṛtyaṃ yanmā māmātmana eva janayitvotpādya sambhavatyupagacchati | yadyapyayaṃ nirghṛṇo 'haṃ hantedānīṃ tiro 'sāni jātyantareṇa tiraskṛtā bhavāni | ityevamīkṣitvāsau gaurabhavat | utpādyaprāṇikarmabhiścodyamānāyāḥ punaḥ punaḥ saivamatiḥ śatarūpāyā manoścābhavat | tataśca ṛṣabha itaraḥ | tāṃ samevābhadityādi pūrvavat | tato gāvo 'jāyanta | tathā baḍavetarābhavadaśvavṛṣa itaraḥ | tathā gardabhītarā gardabha itaraḥ | tatra baḍavāśvavṛṣādīnāṃ saṅgamāttata ekaśaphamekagvuram aśvāśvataragardabhākhyaṃ trayamajāyata | tathā ajetarābhavadvastaśchāga itaraḥ, tathā aviritarā meṣa itaraḥ, tāṃ samevābhavat |
tāṃ tāmiti vīpsā |
tāmajāṃ tāmaviñcetisamabhavadevetyarthaḥ |
tato 'jāśvāvayaścājāvayo 'jāyanta |
evameva yadidaṃ kiñca yatkiṃñcedaṃ mithunaṃ srīpuṃsalakṣaṇaṃ dvandam, ā pipīlikābhyaḥ pipīlikābhiḥ sahānenaivanyāyena tatsarvamasṛjata jagatsṛṣṭavān || 4 ||

so 'ved ahaṃ vāva sṛṣṭir asmy ahaṃ hīdaṃ sarvam asṛkṣīti | tataḥ sṛṣṭir abhavat | sṛṣṭyāṃ hāsyaitasyāṃ bhavati ya evaṃ veda ||

5. He knew, 'I indeed am this creation, for I created all this.' Hence he became the creation, and he who knows this lives in this his creation.

sa prajāpatiḥ sarvamidaṃ jagatsṛṣṭvā avet | katham? ahaṃ vāvāhameva sṛṣṭiḥ, sṛjyate iti sṛṣṭaṃ jagaducyate sṛṣṭiriti |
yanmayāsṛṣṭaṃ jaganmadabhedatvādahamevāsmi na matto vyatiricyate |
kuta etat? ahaṃ hi yasmādidaṃ sarvaṃ jagadasṛkṣi sṛṣṭavānasmi tasmādityarthaḥ |
yasmātsṛṣṭiśabdena ātmānamevābhyadhātprajāpatiḥ, tatastasmātsṛṣṭirabhavat sṛṣṭināmābhavat |
sṛṣṭyāṃ jagati, hāsya prajāpategetasyāmetasmiñjagati, sa prajāpativatsraṣṭā bhavati svātmano 'nanyabhūtasya jagataḥ, kaḥ? ya evaṃ prajāpativadyathoktaṃ svātmano 'nanyabhūtaṃ jagatsādhyātmādibhūtādhidaivaṃ jagadahamasmīti veda || 5 ||

athety abhyamanthat | sa mukhāc ca yoner hastābhyāṃ cāgnim asṛjata | tasmād etad ubhayam alomakam antarataḥ | alomakā hi yonir antarataḥ | tad yad idam āhur amuṃ yajāmuṃ yajety ekaikaṃ devam etasyaiva sā visṛṣṭiḥ | eṣa u hy eva sarve devāḥ | atha yat kiñcedam ārdraṃ tad retaso 'sṛjata | tad u soma | etāvad vā idaṃ sarvam annaṃ caivānnādaś ca | soma evānnam agnir annādaḥ | saiṣā brahmaṇo 'tisṛṣṭiḥ | yac chreyaso devān asṛjatātha yan martyaḥ sann amṛtān asṛjata tasmād atisṛṣṭir | atisṛṣṭyāṃ hāsyaitasyāṃ bhavati ya evaṃ veda ||

6. Next he thus produced fire by rubbing. From the mouth, as from the fire-hole, and from the hands he created fire. Therefore both the mouth and the hands are inside without hair, for the fire-hole is inside without hair. And when they say, 'Sacrifice to this or sacrifice to that god,' each god is but his manifestation, for he is all gods. Now, whatever there is moist, that he created from seed; this is Soma. So far verily is this universe either food or eater. Soma indeed is food, Agni eater. This is the highest creation of Brahman, when he created the gods from his better part, and when he, who was (then) mortal, created the immortals. Therefore it was the highest creation. And he who knows this, lives in this his highest creation.

evaṃ sa prajāpatirjagadidaṃ mithunātmakaṃ sṛṣṭā brahmaṇādivarṇaniyanvardevatāḥ sisṛkṣurādau, ayeti śabdadvayamabhinayapradarśanārtham, anena prakāreṇa mukhe hastau prakṣityābhyamanyadābhimukhyena manyanapakarot | sa mukhahastābhyāṃ mathitvā mukhācca yonerhastābhyāṃ ca yonibhyāmagniṃ brāhmaṇajāteranugrahakartāramasṛjata sṛṣṭavān | yasmāddāhakasyāgneryoniretadubhayaṃ hastau mukhaṃ ca, tasmādbhaya mapyetadalomakaṃ lomavivarjitam | kiṃ sarvameva? na, antarato 'bhyantarataḥ;asti hi yonyā sāmānyamubhayasyāsya | kim? alomakā hi yonirantarataḥ strīṇām | tathā brāhmaṇo 'pi mukhādeva jajhe prajāpateḥ | tasmādekayonitvājjayeṣṭhenevānujo 'nugṛhyate agninā brāhmaṇaḥ | tasmādbrāhmaṇo 'gnidevatyo mukhavīryaśceti śrutismṛtisiddham | tathā balāśrayābhyāṃ bāhubhyāṃ balabhidādikaṃ kṣanniyajātiniyantarāṃ kṣanniyaṃ ca | tasmādaindraṃ kṣatraṃ bāhuvīryaṃ ceti śrutau smṛtau cāvagatam | tathoruta īhā ceṣṭā tadāśrayādvasvādilakṣaṇaṃ viśo niyantāraṃ viśaṃ ca | tasmātkṛṣyādiparo vasvādidevatyaśca vaiśyaḥ | tathā pūṣaṇaṃ pṛthvīdaivataṃ śūdraṃ ca padbhyāṃ paricaraṇakṣamamasṛjateti śrutismṛtiprasiddheḥ | tatra kṣatrādidevatāsargamihānuktaṃ vakṣyamāṇamamapyuktavadupasaṃharati sṛṣṭisākalyānukīrtyai | yatheyaṃ śrutirvyavasthitā tathā prajāpatireva sarve devā iti niścitor'thaḥ | sraṣṭurananyatvātsṛṣṭānām | prajāpatinaiva tu sṛṣṭatvād devānām | athaivaṃ prakaraṇārthe vyavasthite tatstutyabhiprāyeṇāvidvanmatāntaranindopanyāsaḥ, anyanindānyastutaye | tattatra karmaprakaraṇe kevalayājñikā yāgakāle yadidaṃ vaca āhuḥ -'amumagniṃ yajāsumindraṃ yaja'ityādi - nāmaśastrastotrakarmādibhinnatvādbhinnamevāgnyādidevamevaikaṃ manyamānā āhurityabhiprāyaḥ | tanna tathā vidyāt, yasmādetasyaiva prajāpateḥ sā visṛṣṭirdevabhedaḥ sarva eṣa u hyeva prajāpatireva prāṇaḥ sarve devāḥ | atra vipratipadyante - para eva hiraṇyagarbhe ityeke | saṃsārītyapare | paraṃ eva tu mantravarṇāt | "indraṃ mitraṃ varuṇamagnimāhuḥ"iti śruteḥ | "eṣa brahmaiṣa indra eṣa prajāpatirete sarve devāḥ"(ai.u.5 | 3) iti ca śruteḥ | smṛteśca -"etameke vadantyagniṃ manumanye prajāpatim"(manu.12 | 123) iti"yo 'sāvatīndriyo 'grāhyaḥ sūkṣmo 'vyaktaḥ sanātanaḥ | sarvabhūtamayo 'cintyaḥ sa eva svayamudbabhau" | (manu.1 | 7) iti | saṃsāryeva vā syāt | "sarvainpāpmana aupat"(bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 1) iti śruteḥ | na hyasaṃsāriṇaḥ pāpmadāhaprasaṅgo 'sti | bhayāratisaṃyogaśravaṇāt | "atha yanmartyaḥ sannamṛtānasṛjata"(bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 6) iti ca | "hiraṇyagarbhaṃ paśyati jāyamānam"(śve.u.4 | 12) iti ca mantravarṇāt | smṛteśca karmavipākaprakriyāyām -"brahmā viśvasṛjo dharmo mahānavyaktameva ca | uttamāṃ sātvikīmetāṃ gatimāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ"(manu.12 | 50) iti | athaivaṃ viruddhārthānupapatteḥ prāmāṇyavyāghāta iti cet? na, kalpanāntaropapatteravirodhāt | upādhiviśeṣasambandhādviśeṣakalpanāntaramupapadyate | "āsīno dūraṃ vrajati śayāno yāti sarvataḥ | kastaṃ madāmadaṃ devaṃ madanyo jñātumarhati"(ka.u.1 | 2 | 21) ityevamādiśrutibhya upādhivaśātsaṃsāritvaṃ na paramārthataḥ | svato 'saṃsāryeva | evamekatvaṃ nānātvaṃ ca hiraṇyagarbhasya | tathā sarvajīvānām, tattvamasi (chā.u.6 | 8 -16) iti śruteḥ | hiraṇyagarbhastu upādhiśuddhyatiśayāpekṣayā prāyaśaḥ para eveti śrutismṛtivādāḥ pravṛttāḥ | saṃsāritvaṃ tu kvacideva darśayanti | jīvānāṃ upādhigatāśuddhibāhulyātsaṃsāritvameva prāyaśo 'bhilapyate | vyāvṛttakṛtsnopādhibhedāpekṣayā tu sarvaḥ paratvenābhidhīyate śrutismṛtivādaiḥ | tārkikaistu parityaktāgamabalairasti nāsti kartākartetyādi viruddhaṃ bahu tarkapadbhirākulīkṛtaḥ śāstrārthaḥ, tenārthaniścayo durlabhaḥ | ye tu kevalaśāstrānusāriṇaḥ śāntadarpāsteṣāṃ pratyakṣaviṣaya iva niścitaḥ śāstrārthe devatādiviṣayaḥ | tatra prajāpaterekasya devasyātrādyalakṣaṇo bhedo vivakṣita iti tatrāgnirukto 'ttā, ādyaḥ soma idānīmucyate - atha yatkiñcedaṃ loka ārdraṃ dravātmakaṃ tadretasa ātmāno bījādasṛjata;retasa āpaḥ (ai.u.1 | 4) iti śruteḥ | dravātmakaśca somaḥ | tasmādyadārdraṃ prajāpatinā retasaḥ sṛṣṭaṃ tadu soma eva | etāvadvai etāvadeva nāto 'dhikamidaṃ sarvam | kiṃ tat? annaṃ caiva somo dravātmakatvādāpyāyakam | annādaścāgnirauṣṇyād rūkṣatvācca | tatraivadhriyate, soma evānnaṃ yadadyate tadeva soma ityarthaḥ | ya evāttā sa evāgniḥ arthabalāddhyavadhāraṇam | agnirapi kvacid hūyamānaḥ somapakṣasyaiva | somo 'pījyamāno 'gnirevāttṛtvāt |
evamagnīṣomātmakaṃ jagadātmatvena paśyanta kenaciddoṣeṇa lipyate, prajāpatiśca bhavati |
saiṣā brahmaṇaḥ prajāpateratisṛṣṭirātmano 'pyatiśayā |
kā sā ityāha - yacchreyasaḥ praśasyatarānātmanaḥ sakāśādyasmādasṛjata devāṃstasmāddevasṛṣṭiratisṛṣṭiḥ |
kathaṃ punarātmano 'tiśayā sṛṣṭiḥ ityata āha - atha yadyasmānmartyaḥ sanmaraṇadharmā sannamṛtānamaraṇadharmiṇo devān karmajñānavahninā sarvānātmanaḥ pāpmana oṣitvāsṛjata, tasmādetāmatisṛṣṭiṃ prajāpaterātmabhūtāṃ yo veda sa etasyāmatisṛṣṭyāṃ prajāpatiriva bhavati prajāpativadeva sraṣṭā bhavati || 6 ||
sarvaṃ vaidikaṃ sādhanaṃ jñānakarmalakṣaṇaṃ kartrādyanekakārakāpekṣaṃ prajāpatitvaphalāvasānaṃ sādhyametāvadeva yadetadvyākṛtaṃ jagatsaṃsāraḥ | athaitasyaiva sādhyasādhanalakṣaṇasya vyākṛtasya jagato vyākaraṇātprāgbījāvasthā yā tāṃ nirdidijñatyaṅkurādikāryānumitāmiva vṛkṣasya, karmabījo 'vidyākṣetro hyasau saṃsāravṛkṣaḥ samūla uddhartavya iti | taduddharaṇe hi puruṣārthaparisamāptiḥ | tathā coktam -"ūrdhvamūlo 'vākśākhaḥ"iti kāṭhake | gītāsu ca"ūrdhvamūlamadhaḥ śākham"iti | purāṇe ca"brahmavṛkṣaḥ sanātanaḥ"iti |

tad dhedaṃ tarhy avyākṛtam āsīt | tan nāmarūpābhyām eva vyākriyatāsau nāmāyam idaṃrūpa iti | tad idam apy etarhi nāmarūpābhyām eva vyākriyata asau nāmāyam idaṃrūpa iti | sa eṣa iha praviṣṭa ā nakhāgrebhyo yathā kṣuraḥ kṣuradhāne 'vahitaḥ syād viśvambharo vā viśvambharakulāye | taṃ na paśyanti | akṛtsno hi saḥ prāṇann eva prāṇo nāma bhavati | vadan vāk paśyaṃś cakṣuḥ śṛṇvañ chrotraṃ manvāno manaḥ | tāny asyaitāni karmanāmāny eva | sa yo 'ta ekaikam upāste na sa veda | akṛtsno hy eṣo 'ta ekaikena bhavati | ātmety evopāsīta | atra hy ete sarva ekaṃ bhavanti | tad etat padanīyam asya sarvasya yad ayam ātmā | anena hy etat sarvaṃ veda | yathā ha vai padenānuvinded evaṃ kīrtiṃ ślokaṃ vindate ya evaṃ veda ||

7. Now all this was then undeveloped. It became developed by form and name, so that one could say, 'He, called so and so, is such a one.' Therefore at present also all this is developed by name and form, so that one can say, 'He, called so and so, is such a one.' He (Brahman or the Self) entered thither, to the very tips of the finger-nails, as a razor might be fitted in a razor-case, or as fire in a fire-place. He cannot be seen, for, in part only, when breathing, he is breath by name; when speaking, speech by name; when seeing, eye by name; when hearing, ear by name; when thinking, mind by name. All these are but the names of his acts. And he who worships (regards) him as the one or the other, does not know him, for he is apart from this (when qualified) by the one or the other (predicate). Let men worship him as Self, for in the Self all these are one. This Self is the footstep of everything, for through it one knows everything. And as one can find again by footsteps what was lost, thus he who knows this finds glory and praise.

tadvedaṃ taditi bījāvasthaṃ jagatprāgutpattestarhi tasminkāle;parokṣatvāsarvanāmnāpratyakṣābhidhānenābhidhīyate, bhūtakālasambandhitvādavyākṛtabhāvino jagataḥ;sukhagrahaṇārthamaitihyaprayogo ha śabdaḥ | evaṃ ha tadā āsīdityucyamāne sukhaṃ tāṃ parokṣāmapi jagato bījāvasthāṃ pratipadyate, yudhiṣṭhiro ha kila rājāsīdityukte yadvat | idamiti vyākṛtanāmarūpātmakaṃ sādhyasādhanalakṣaṇaṃ yathāvarṇitamabhidhīyate | tadidaṃśabdayoḥ parokṣapratyakṣāvasthajagadvācakayoḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyādekatvameva parokṣapratayakṣāvasthasya jagato 'vagamyate | tadevedamidameva ca tadavyākṛtamāsīditi | athaivaṃ sati nāsata utpattirna sato vināśaḥ kāryasyetyavadhṛtaṃ bhavati | tadevambhūtaṃ jagadavyākṛtaṃ sannāmarūpābhyāmeva nāmnā rūpeṇaiva ca vyākriyata | vyākriyateti karmakartṛprayogāttatsvayamevātmaiva vyākriyata, vi ā akriyata, vispaṣṭaṃ nāmarūpaviśeṣāvadhāraṇamaryādaṃ vyaktībhāvamāpadyata sāmarthyādākṣiptaniyantṛkartṛsādhanakriyānimittam | asaunāmeti sarvanāmnāviśeṣābhidhānena nāmamātraṃ vyapadiśati | devadatto yajñadatta iti vā nāmāsya ityasaunāmāyam | tathedamiti śuklakṛṣṇādīnāmaviśeṣaḥ | idaṃ śuklamidaṃ kṛṣṇaṃ vā rūpamasyetīdaṃ rūpaḥ | tadidamavyākṛtaṃ vastu etarhyetasminnapi kāle nāmarūpābhyāmeva vyākriyate asaunāmāyamidaṃ rūpa iti | yadarthaḥ sarvaśāstrārambhaḥ. yasminnavidyayā svābhāvikyā kartṛkriyāphalādhyāropaṇā kṛtā;yaḥ kāraṇaṃ sarvasya jagataḥ yadātmake nāmarūpe salilādiva svacchānmalamiva phenamavyākṛte vyākriyete, yaśca tābhyāṃ nāmarūpābhyāṃ vilakṣaṇaḥ svato nityaśuddhabuddhamuktasvabhāvaḥ sa eṣo 'vyākṛte ātmabhūte nāmarūpe vyākurvanbrahmādistambaparyanteṣu deheṣviha karmaphalāśrayeṣvaśanāyādimatsu praviṣṭaḥ | nanu avyākṛtaṃ svayameva vyākriyatetyuktam, kathamidamidānīm ucyate, para eva tu ātmāvyākṛtaṃ vyākurvanniha praviṣṭa iti | naiṣa doṣaḥ, parasyāpyātmano 'vyākṛtajagadātmatvena vivakṣitatvāt | ākṣiptaniyantṛkartṛkriyā nimittaṃ hi jagadavyākṛtaṃ vyākriyatetyavocāma | idaṃśabdasāmānādhikaraṇyāccāvyākṛtaśabdasya | yathedaṃ jaganniyantrādyanekakārakanimittādiviśeṣavadvyākṛtam, tathā aparityaktānyatamaviśeṣavadeva tadavyākṛtam | vyākṛtāvyākṛtamātraṃ tu viśeṣaḥ | dṛṣṭaśca loke vivakṣātaḥ śabdaprayogo grāma āgato grāmaḥ śūnya iti | kadācid grāmaśabdena nivāsamātravivakṣāyāṃ grāmaḥ śūnya iti śabdaprayogo bhavati, kadācinnivāsijanavivakṣāyāṃ grāma āgata iti, kadācidubhayavivakṣāyāmapi grāmaśabdaprayogo bhavati, grāmaṃ ca na praviśediti yathā | tadvadihāpi jagadidaṃ vyākṛtamavyākṛtaṃ cetyabhedavivakṣāyām ātmānātmanorbhavati vyapadeśaḥ | tathedaṃ jagadutpattivināśātmakamiti kevalajagadvayapadeśaḥ | tathā mahānaja ātmā (bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 22) asthūlo 'naṇuḥ sa eṣa neti neti (bṛ.u.3 | 9 | 26) ityādi kevalātmavyapadeśaḥ | nanu pareṇa vyākartrā vyākṛtaṃ sarvato vyāptaṃ sarvadā jagat, sa kathamiha praviṣṭaḥ parikalpyate? apraviṣṭo hi deśaḥ paricchinnena praveṣṭuṃ śakyate, yathā puruṣeṇa grāmādiḥ | nākāśena kiñcinnityapraviṣṭatvāt | pāṣāṇasarpādivaddharmāntareṇeti cet | athāpi syāt, na para ātmā svenaiva rūpeṇa praviveśa, kiṃ tarhi? tatstha eva dharmāntareṇopajāyate, tena praviṣṭa ityupacaryate | yathā pāṣāṇe sahajo 'ntaḥsthaḥ sarpo nālikere vā toyam | na,"tatsṛṣṭvā tadevānuprāviśat"iti śruteḥ | yaḥ sraṣṭā sa bhāvāntaramanāpanna eva kāryaṃ sṛṣṭvā paścātprāviśaditi hi śrūyate | yathā bhuktvā gacchatīti bhujigamikriyayoḥ pūrvāparakālayoritaretaravicchedo 'viśiṣṭaśca kartā tadvadihāpi syāt | na tu tatsthasyaiva bhāvāntaropajanana etatsambhavati | na ca sthānāntareṇa viyujya sthānāntara saṃyogalakṣaṇaḥpraveśo niravayavasyāparicchinnasya dṛṣṭaḥ | sāvayava eva praveśaśravaṇāditi cet na;ṭhadivyo hyamūrtaḥ puruṣaḥ" (mu.u.2 | 1 | 2) niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyam (śve.u.6 | 19) ityādiśrutibhyaḥ sarvavyapadeśyadharma viśeṣapratiṣedhaśrutibhyaśca | pratibimbapraveśavaditi cet? na, vastvantareṇa viprakarṣānupapatteḥ | dravye guṇapraveśavaditi cet? na, anāśritatvāt | nityaparatantrasyaivāśritasya guṇasya dravye praveśa upacaryate | na tu brahmaṇaḥ svātantryaśravaṇāttathā praveśa upapadyate | phale bījavaditi cet? na;sāvayavatvavṛddhikṣayotpattivināśādidharmavattvaprasaṅgāt | na caivaṃ dharmavattvaṃ brahmaṇaḥ ajo 'jaraḥ ityādi śrutinyāyavirodhāt | tasmādanya eva saṃsārī paricchinna iha praviṣṭa iti cet? na;"seyaṃ daivataikṣata"(chā.u.6 | 3 | 2) ityārabhya ṭanāmarūpe vyākaravāṇi"(6 | 2 | 3) iti tasyā eva praveśavyākaraṇakartṛtvaśruteḥ | tathā'tatsṛṣṭvā tadevānuprāviśat'(tai.u.2 | 6 | 1) 'sa etameva sīmānaṃ vidāryaitayā dvārā prāpadyata"(ai.u.3 | 12) 'sarvāṇi rūpāṇi vicitya dhīro nāmāni kṛtvābhivadanyadāste""tvaṃ kumāra uta vā kumārī tvaṃ jīrṇo daṇḍena vañcasi"(śve.u.4 | 3) "puraścakre dvipadaḥ"(bṛ.u.2 | 5 | 18) "rūpaṃ rūpam"(ka.u.2 | 2 | 9) iti ta mantravarṇānna parādanyasya praveśaḥ | praviṣṭānāmitaretarabhedātparānekatvamiti cet na,"eko devo bahudhā sanniviṣṭaḥ" "ekaḥsanbahudhā vicacāra" "tvameko 'si bahūnanupraviṣṭaḥ" "eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtāntarātmā"(śve.u.6 | 11) ityādi śrutibhyaḥ | praveśa upapadyate nopapadyata iti tiṣṭhatu tāvat | praviṣṭānāṃ saṃsāritvāttadananyatvānna parasya saṃsāritvamiti cet? na, aśanāyādyatyayaśruteḥ | sukhitvaduḥkhitvādidarśanānneti cenna,"na lipyate lokaduḥkhena bāhyaḥ"(ka.u.2 | 2 | 11) iti śruteḥ | pratyakṣādivirodhādayuktamiti cet? na, upādhyāśrayajanitaviśeṣaviṣayatvātprakṣādeḥ | "na dṛṣṭerdraṣṭāraṃ paśyeḥ"(bṛ.u.3 | 4 | 2) "vijñātāramare kena vijānīyāt"(bṛ.u.4 | 5 | 19) "avijñātaṃ vijñātṛ"(bṛ.u.3 | 8 | 11) ityādi śrutibhyo nātmaviṣayaṃ vijñānam | kiṃ tarhi? buddhyādyupādhyātmapraticchāyāviṣayameva sukhito 'haṃ duḥkhito 'hamityevamādi pratyakṣavijñānam | ayamahamiti viṣayeṇa viṣayiṇaḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyopacārāt,"nānyadato 'sti draṣṭrṛ"(bṛ.u.3 | 8 | 11) ityanyātmapratiṣedhācca, dehāvayavaviśeṣyatvācca sukhaduḥkhayorviṣayadharmatvam | "ātmānastu kāmāya"(bṛ.u.2 | 4 | 5) ityātmārthaḥ tvaśruterayukta iti cenna,"yatra vā anyadiva syāt"ityavidyāviṣayātmārthatvābhyupagamāt tatkena kaṃ paśyet (bṛ.u.4 | 5 | 15) neha nānāsti kiñcana (bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 19) tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śokaḥ ekatvamanupaśyataḥ (īśā.7) ityādinā vidyāviṣaye tatpratiṣedhācca nātmadharmatvam | tārkikasamayavirodhādayuktamiti cet na;yuktyāpyātmano duḥkhitvānupapatteḥ | na hi duḥkhena pratyakṣaviṣayeṇa ātmano viśeṣyatvam pratyakṣāviṣayatvāt | ākāśasya śabdaguṇavattvavadātmano duḥkhitvamiti cenna, ekapratyayaviṣayatvānupapatteḥ | na hi sukhagrāhakeṇa pratyakṣaviṣayeṇa pratyayena nityānumeyasyātmano viṣayīkaraṇāmupapadyate tasya ca viṣayīkaraṇe ātmana ekatvādviṣayyabhāvaprasaṅgaḥ | ekasyaiva viṣayaviṣayitvaṃ dīpavaditi cet? na;yugapadasambhavāt,ātmanyaṃśānupapatteśca | etena vijñānasya grāhyagrāhakatvaṃ pratyuktam | pratyakṣānumānaviṣayayośca duḥkhātmanorguṇaguṇitve nānumānam | duḥkhasya nityameva pratyakṣaviṣayatvāt, rūpādisāmānādhikaraṇyācca | manaḥsaṃyogajatve 'pyātmani duḥkhasya sāvayavatvavikriyāvattvānityatvaprasaṅgāt | na hyavikṛtya saṃyogi dravyaṃ guṇaḥ kaścidupayannapayanvā dṛṣṭaḥ kvacit | na ca niravayavaṃ vikriyamāṇaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ kvacidanityaguṇāśrayaṃ vā nityam | na cākāśa āgamavādibhirnityatayābhyupagamyate, na cānyo dṛṣṭānto 'sti | vikriyamāṇamapi tatpratyayānivṛtternityameveti cet? na, dravyasya avayavānyathātvavyatirekeṇa vikriyānupapatteḥ | sāvayavatve 'pi nityatvamiti cenna;sāvayavasyāvayavasaṃyogapūrvakatve sati vibhāgopapatteḥ | vajrādiṣvadarśanānneti cenna, anumeyatvātsaṃyogapūrvatvasya | tasmānnātmāno duḥkhādyanityaguṇāśrayatvopapattiḥ | parasyāduḥkhitve 'nyasya ca duḥkhino 'bhāve duḥkhopaśamanāya śāstrārambhānarthakyamiti cet? na, avidyādhyāropitaduḥkhitvabhramāpohārthatvāt, ātmani prakṛtasaṅkhyāpūraṇabhramāpohavat | kalpitaduḥkhyātmābhyupagamācca | jalasūryādipratibimbavadātmagraveśaśca pratibimbavadvyākṛte kārya upalabhyatvāt | prāgutpatteranupalabdha ātmā paścātkārye ca sṛṣṭa vyākṛte buddherantarupalabhyamānaḥ sūryādipratibimbavajjalādau kāryaṃ sṛṣṭvā praviṣṭa iva lakṣyamāṇo nirdiśyate sa eṣa iha praviṣṭaḥ (bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 7) tāḥ sṛṣṭvā tadevānuprāviśata sa etameva sīmānaṃ vidāryaitayā dvārā prāpadyata (ai.u.3 | 12) seyaṃ devataikṣata hantāhamimāstisro devatā anena jīvenātmanānupraviśya (chā.u.6 | 2 | 3) ityevamādibhiḥ | na tu sarvagatasya niravayavasya digdeśakālāntarāpakramaṇaprāptilakṣaṇaḥ praveśaḥ kadācidapyupapadyate | na ca parādātmano 'nyo 'sti draṣṭā nānyadato 'sti draṣṭṛ nānyadato 'stiśrotṛ (bṛ.u.3 | 8 | 11) ityādi śruterityavocāma | upalabdhyarthatvācca sṛṣṭipraveśasthityapyayavākyānām, upalabdheḥ puruṣārthatvaśravaṇāt | ātmānamevāvet (bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 10) tasmāttatsarvamabhavat (bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 10) bahmavidāpnoti param (tai.u.2 | 1 | 1) sa yo ha vai tatparamaṃ brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati (mu.u.3 | 2 | 9) ācāryavānpuruṣo veda (chā.u.6 | 14 | 2) tasya tāvadeva ciram (chā.u.6 | 14 | 2) ityādi śrutibhyaḥ | tato māṃ tattvato jñātvā viśate tadanantaram (gītā 18 | 55) taddhyagryaṃ sarvavidyānāṃ prāpyate hyamṛtaṃ tataḥ ityādi smṛtibhyaśca | bhedadarśanāpavādācca sṛṣṭyādi vākyānām ātmaikatvadarśanārthaparatvopapattiḥ | tasmātkāryasthasya upalabhyatvameva praveśa ityupacaryate | ānakhāgrebhyo nakhāgramaryādam ātmanaścaitanyamupalabhyate | tatra kathamiva praviṣṭaḥ? ityāha - yathā loke kṣurādhāne kṣuro dhīyate 'sminniti kṣuradhānaṃ tasminnāpitopaskarādhāne, kṣuro 'ntaḥstha upalabhyate, avahitaḥ praveśitaḥ syād yathā vā viśvambharo 'gniḥ, viśvasya bharaṇādviśvambharaḥ kulāye nīḍe 'gniḥ, kāṣṭhādāvahitaḥ syādityanuvartate | tatra hi sa mathyamāna upalabhyate | yathā ca kṣuraḥ kṣuradhāna ekadeśe 'vasthito yathā cāgniḥ kāṣṭhādau sarvato vyāpyāvasthitaḥ, evaṃ sāmānyato viśeṣataśca dehaṃ saṃvyāpyāvasthita ātmā | tatra hi sa prāṇanādikriyāvān darśanādikriyāvāṃścopalabhyate | tasmāttatraivaṃ praviṣṭhaṃ tamātmānaṃ prāṇanādikriyāviśiṣṭaṃ na paśyanti nopalabhante | nanvaprāptapratiṣedho 'yaṃ taṃ na paśyantīti, darśanasyāprakṛtatvāt | naiṣa doṣaḥ, sṛṣṭyādivākyānām ātmaikatvapratipattyarthaparatvātprakṛtameva tasya darśanam | rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva tadasya rūpaṃ prati cakṣaṇāya (bṛ.u.2 | 5 | 19) iti mantravarṇāt | tatra prāṇanādikriyāviśiṣṭasyādarśane hetumāha - akṛtsno 'samasto hi yasmātsa prāṇanādikriyāviśiṣṭaḥ | kutaḥ punarakṛtsnatvam ityucyate - prāṇānneva prāṇanakriyāmeva kurvanprāṇo nāma prāṇasamākhyaḥ prāṇābhidhāno bhavati | prāṇanakriyākartṛtvāddhi prāṇaḥ prāṇatītyucyate nānyāṃ kriyāṃ kurvan | yathā lāvakaḥ pācaka iti | tasmātkriyāntaraviśiṣṭasya anupasaṃhārādakṛtsno hi saḥ | tathā vadanvadanakriyāṃ kurvanvaktīti vāk, paśyaṃścakṣuścaṣṭa iti cakṣurdraṣṭā, śṛṇvañśṛṇotīti śrotram | prāṇānneva prāṇaḥ vadanvāk ityābhyāṃ kriyāśaktyudbhavaḥ pradarśito bhavati | paśyaṃścakṣuḥ śṛṇvañśrotram ityābhyāṃ vijñānaśaktyudbhavaḥ pradarśyate, nāmarūpaviṣayatvādvijñānaśakteḥ | śrotracakṣuṣī vijñānasya sādhane, vijñānaṃ tu nāmarūpasādhanam | na hi nāmarūpavyatiriktaṃ vijñeyamasti | tayoścopalambhe karaṇaṃ cakṣuḥśrotre | kriyā ca nāmarūpasādhyā prāṇasamavāyinī, tasyāḥ prāṇāśrayāyā abhivyakto vākkaraṇam | tathā pāṇipādapāyūpaśthākhyāni | sarveṣāmupalakṣaṇārthā vāk | etadeva hi sarvaṃ vyākṛtam | trayaṃ vā idaṃ nāma rūpaṃ karma (bṛ.u.1 | 6 | 1) iti hi vakṣyati | manvāno mano manuta iti | jñānaśaktivikāsānāṃ sādhāraṇaṃ karaṇaṃ mano manute 'neneti | puruṣastu kartā sanmanvāno mana ityucyate | tānyetāni prāṇādīnyasyātmanaḥ karmanāmāni, karmajāni nāmāni karmanāmānyeva, na tu vastumātraviṣayāṇi | ato na kṛtsnātmavastvavadyotakāni | evaṃ hyasāvātmā prāṇanādikriyayā tattatkriyājanitaprāṇādināmarūpābhyāṃ vyākriyamāṇo 'vadyotyamāno 'pi | sa yo 'to 'smātprāṇanādikriyāsamudāyād ekaikaṃ prāṇaṃ cakṣuriti vā viśiṣṭam anupasaṃhṛtetaraviśiṣṭakriyātmakaṃ manasā ayamātmetyupāste cintayati, na sa veda nasa jānāti brahma | kasmāt akṛtsno 'samāpto hi yasmādeṣa ātmā asmātprāṇanādisamudāyāt | ataḥ pravibhakta ekaikena viśeṣaṇena viśiṣṭa itaradharmāntarānupasaṃhārādbhavati | yāvadayamevaṃ veda paśyati śṛṇomi spṛśāmīti vā svabhāvapravṛttiviśiṣṭaṃ veda tāvadañjasā kṛtsnamātmānaṃ na veda | kathaṃ punaḥ paśyanveda? ityāha - ātmetyeva, ātmeti prāṇādīni viśeṣaṇāni yānyuktāni tāni yasya sa āpnuvaṃstānyātmā ityucyate | na tathā kṛtsnaviśeṣolasaṃhārī sankṛtsno bhavati | vastumātrarūpeṇa hi prāṇādyupādhiviśeṣakriyājanitāni viśeṣaṇāni vyāpnoti | tathā ca vakṣyati - dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva (bṛ.u.4 | 3 | 7) iti | tasmādātmetyevopāsīta | evaṃ kṛtsno hyasau svena vasturūpeṇa gṛhyamāṇo bhavati | kasmātkṛtsnaḥ? ityāśaṅkyāha - atrāsminnātmani hi yasmānnirupādhikajalasūryapratibimbabhedā ivāditve prāṇādyupādhikṛtā viśeṣāḥ prāṇādikarmajanāmābhidheyā yadyoktā hyete ekamabhinnatāṃ bhavanti pratipadyante | ātmetyevopāsīta iti nāpūrvavidhiḥ | pakṣe prāptatvāt yatsākṣādaparokṣādbrahma (bṛ.u.3 | 4 | 1) katama ātmeti - yo 'yaṃ vijñānamayaḥ (bṛ.u.4 | 3 | 7) ityevamādyātmapratipādanaparābhiḥ śrutibhirātmaviṣayaṃ vijñānamutpāditam | tatrātmasvarūpavijñānenaiva tadviṣayānātmābhimānabuddhiḥ kārakādikriyāphalādhyāropaṇātmikā avidyā nivartitā | tasyāṃ nivartitāyāṃ kāmādidoṣānupapatteḥ ānātmacintānupapattiḥ | tasmāttadupāsanamasminpakṣe na vidhātavyam, prāptatvāt | tiṣṭhasu tāvatpākṣikyātmopāsanaprāptirnityā veti, apūrvavidhiḥ syāt;jñānopāsanayorekatve satyaprāptatvāt | na sa veda iti vijñānaṃ prastutya ātmetyevopāsīta ityabhidhānādvedopāsanaśabdayorekārthatāvagamyate | anena hyetattsarvaṃ veda ātmānamevāvet (bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 10) ityādiśrutibhyaśca vijñānamupāsanam | tasya cāprāptatvādvidhyarhatvam | na ca svarūpānvākhyāne puruṣapravṛttirupapadyate, tasmādapūrvavidhirevāyam | karmavidhisāmānyācca | yathā yajeta juhuyāt ityādayaḥ karmavidhayaḥ, na tairasya ātmetyevopāsīta (1 | 4 | 7) ātmā vā are draṣṭavyaḥ (2 | 4 | 5) ityādyātmopāsanavidherviśeṣo 'vagamyate | mānasakriyātvācca vijñānasya tathā yasyai devatāyai havirgṛhītaṃ syāttāṃ manasā dhyāyedvaṣaṭkariṣyan ityādyā mānasī kriyā vidhīyate, tathā ātmetyevopāsīta (1 | 4 | 7) mantavyo nididhyāsitavyaḥ (2 | 4 | 5) ityādyā kriyaiva vidhīyate jñānātmikā | tathāvocāma vedopāsanaśabdayorekārthatvamiti | bhāvānāṃśatrayopapatteśca - yathā hi yajeta ityasyāṃ bhāvanāyām kena katham iti bhāvyādyākāṅkṣāpanayakāraṇamaṃśatrayamavagamyate, tathā upāsīta ityasyāmapi bhāvanāyāṃ vidhīyamānāyām kimupāsīta? kenopāsīta? ityasyāmākāṅkṣāyām ātmānamupāsīta manasā tyāgabrahmacaryaśamadamoparamatitikṣādītikartavyatāsaṃyuktaḥ ityādīśāstreṇaiva samarthyate 'śatrayam | yathā ca kṛtsnasya darśapūrṇamāsādiprakaraṇasya darśapūrṇamāsādividhyuddeśatvenopayogaḥ evamaupaniṣadām ātmopāsanaprakaraṇasya ātmopāsanaprakaraṇasya ātmopāsanavidhyuddeśatvenaivopayogaḥ | neti neti (2 | 3 | 6) asthūlam (3 | 8 | 8) ekamevādvitīyam (chā.u.6 | 2 | 1) aśanāyādyatītaḥ ityevamādivākyānām upāsyātmasvarūpaviśeṣasamarpaṇenopayogaḥṣa phalaṃ ca mokṣo 'vidyānivṛttirvā | apare varṇayanti upāsanenātmaviṣayaṃ viśiṣṭaṃ vijñānāntaraṃ bhāvayet, tenātmā jñāyate, avidyānivartakaṃ ca tadeva, nātmaviṣayaṃ vedavākyajanitaṃ vijñānamiti | etasminnarthe vacanānyapi - vijñāya prajñāṃ kurvīta (bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 21) draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāsitavyaḥ (2 | 4 | 5) so 'nveṣṭavyaḥ sa vijijñāsitavyaḥ (chā.u.4) ityādīni | na, arthāntarābhāvāt | na ca ātmetyevopāsīta ityapūrvavidhiḥ;kasmāt? ātmasvarūpakathanānātmapratiṣedhavākyajanitavijñānavyatirekeṇa mānasasya bāhyasya vābhāvāt | tatra hi vidheḥ sāphalyaṃ yatra vidhivākyaśravaṇamātrajanitavijñānavyatirekeṇa puruṣapravṛttirgamyate | yathā darśapūrṇamāsābhyāṃ svargakāmo yajeta ityevamādau | na hi darśapūrṇamāsavidhivākyajanitavijñānameva darśapūrṇamāsāmuṣṭhānam, taccādhikārādyapekṣānubhāvi | na tu neti neti (2 | 3 | 6) ityādyātmapratipādakavākyajanitavijñānavyatirekeṇa darśapūrṇamāsādivatpuruṣavyāpāraḥ sambhavati | sarvavyāpāropaśamahetutvāt tadvākyajanitavijñānasya | na hyudāsīnavijñānaṃ pravṛttijanakam, abrahmānātmavijñānanivartakatvācca ekamevādvitīyam (chā.u.6 | 2 | 1) tattvamasi (chā.u.6 | 8 -16) ityevamādivākyānām | na ca tannivṛttau pravṛttirupapadyate;virodhāt | vākyajanitavijñānamātrānnābrahmānātmavijñānanivṛttiriti cet na;tattvamasi (chā.u.6 | 8 -16) neti neti (bṛ.u.2 | 3 | 6) ātmaivedam (chā.u.7 | 25 | 2) ekamevādvitīyam (chā.u.6 | 2 | 1) brahmaivedamamṛtam (mu.u.2 | 2 | 11) nānyadato 'sti draṣṭaḥ (bṛ.u.3 | 8 | 11) tadeva brahma tvaṃ viddhi (ke.u.1 | 4) ityādivākyānāṃ tadvāditvāt | draṣṭavyavidherviṣayasamarpakāṇyetānīti cet? na, arthāntarābhāvādityuktottaratvāt | ātmavastusvarūpasamarpakaireva vākyaiḥ tattvamasi ityādibhiḥ śravaṇakāla eva taddarśanasya kṛtatvād draṣṭavyavidhernānuṣṭhānāntaraṃ kartavyamityuktottarametat | ātmasvarūpānvākhyānamātreṇa ātmavijñāne vidhimantareṇa na pravartata iti cet? na, ātmavādivākyaśravaṇena ātmavijñānasya janitatvāt - kiṃ bho kṛtasya karaṇam? tacchravaṇe 'pi na pravartata iti cenna, anavasthāprasaṅgāt | yathā ātmavādivākyārthaśravaṇe vidhimantareṇa na pravartate tathā vidhivākyārthaśravaṇe 'pi vidhimantareṇa na pravartiṣyata iti vidhyantarāpekṣā | tathā tadarthaśravaṇe 'pītyanavasthā prasajyeta | vākyajanitātmajñānasmṛtisaṃtateḥ śravaṇavijñānamātrādarthāntaratvamiti cet? na, arthaprāptatvāt | yadaivātmapratipādakavākyaśravaṇād ātmaviṣayaṃ vijñānamutpadyate, tadaiva tadunpadyagānaṃ tadviṣayaṃ vijñānamutpadyate, tadaiva tadunpadyagānaṃ tadviṣayaṃ mithyājñānaṃ nivartayadevotpadyate | ātmaviṣayamithyājñānanivṛttau ca tatprabhavāḥ smṛtayo na bhavanti svābhāvikyo 'nātmavastubhedaviṣayāḥ | anarthatvāvagateśca, ātmāvagatau hi satyāmanyadvastvanarthatvenāmagamyate, anityaduḥkhāśuddhyādibahudoṣavattvād ātmavastunaśca tadvilakṣaṇatvāt | tasmādanātmavijñānasmṛtīnām ātmāvagaterabhāvaprāptiḥ | pāriśeṣyādātmaikatvavijñānasmṛtisantaterarthata eva bhāvānna vidheyatvam, śokamohabhayāyāsādiduḥkhadoṣanivartakatvācca tatsmṛteḥ | viparītajñānaprabhavo hi śokamohādidoṣaḥ | tathā ca tatra ko mohaḥ (īśa.7) vidvāṃma bibheti kutaścana (tai.u.2 | 9 | 1) abhayaṃ vai janaka prapto 'si (bṛ.u.4 | 2 | 4) bhidyate hṛdayagranthiḥ (mu.u.2 | 2 | 8) ityādiśrutayaḥ | nirodhastarhyarthāntaramiti cet | athāpi syāccittavṛttinirodhasya vedavākyajanitātmavijñānādarthāntaratvāt, tantrāntareṣu ca kartavyatayāvagatatvādvidheyatvamiti cet? na;mokṣasādhanatvenānavagamāt | na hi vedānteṣu brahmātmavijñānād anyatparamapuruṣārthasādhanatvenāmagamyate | "ātmānamevāvet"(bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 10) "tasmāttatsarvamabhavat"(1 | 4 | 10) "brahmavidāpnoti param"(tai.u.2 | 1 | 1 | ) "sa yo ha vai tatparamaṃ brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati"(mu.u.3 | 2 | 9) "ācāryavānpuruṣo veda"(chā.u.6 | 14 | 2) "tasya tāvadeva ciram"(6 | 14 | 2) "abhayaṃ hi vai brahma bhavati evaṃ veda"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 25) ityevamādiśrutiśatebhyaḥ | ananyasādhanatvācca nirodhasya | na hyātmavijñānatatsmṛtisantānavyatirekeṇa cittavṛttinirodhasya sādhanamasti | abhyupagamyedamuktam, na tu brahmavijñānavyatirekeṇa anyanmokṣasādhanamavagamyate | ākāṅkṣābhāvācca bhāvanābhāvaḥ;yaduktaṃ yajetetyādau kiṃ kena katham iti bhāvanākāṅkṣāyāṃ phalasādhanetikartavyatābhirākāṅkṣāpanayanaṃ yathā, tadvadihāpyātmavijñānavidhāvapyupapadyata iti;tadasat,"ekamevādvitīyam"(chā.u.6 | 2 | 1) "tattvamasi"(chā.u.6 | 8 -16)"neti neti"(bṛ.u.2 | 3 | 6) "anantaramabāhyam"(bṛ.u.2 | 5 | 19) "ayamātmā brahma"(2 | 5 | 19) ityādivākyārthavijñānasamakālameva sarvākāṅkṣāvinivṛtteḥ | na ca vākyārthavijñāne vidhiprayuktaḥ pravartate vidhyantaraprayuktau cānavasthādoṣamavocāma | na ca ekamevādvitīyaṃ brahma ityādivākyeṣu vidhiravagamyate | ātmasvarūpānvākhyānenaivāvasitatvāt | vastusvarūpānvākhyānamātratvādaprāmāṇyamiti cet | athāpi syādyathā so 'rodīdyadarodīttadrudrasya rudratvam ityevamādau vastusvarūpānvākhyānamātratvādaprāmāṇyam, evamātmārthavākyānāmapīti cet? na;viśeṣāt | na vākyasya vastvanvākhyānaṃ kriyānvākhyānaṃ vā prāmāṇyāprāmāṇyakāraṇam, kiṃ tarhi? niścitaphalavadvijñānotpādakatvam | tadyatrāsti tatpramāṇaṃ vākyam, yatra nāsti tadapramāṇam | kiṃñca bho pṛcchāmastvām ātmasvarūpānvākhyānapareṣu vākyeṣu phalavanniścitaṃ ca vijñānamutpadyate, na vā? utpadyate cetkathamaprāmāṇyamiti? kiṃ vā na paśyasi avidyāśokamohabhayādisaṃsārabījadoṣanivṛttiṃ vijñānaphalam | na śṛṇopi vā kim tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvamanupaśyataḥ (īśā.7) mantravidevāsmi nātmavitso 'haṃ bhagayaḥ śocāmi taṃ mā bhagavāñchokasya pāraṃ śocāmi tārayatu (chā.u.7 | 1 | 3) ityevamādyupaniṣadvākyaśatāni? evaṃ vidyate kiṃ so 'rodīdityādiṣu niścitaṃ phalavacca vijñānam | na cedvidyate 'stvaprāmāṇyam | tadaprāmāṇye phalavanniścitavijñānotpādakasya kimityaprāmāṇyaṃ syāt? tadaprāmāṇye ta darśapūrṇamāsādivākyeṣu ko viśrambhaḥ | nanu darśapūrṇamāsādivākyānāṃ puruṣapravṛttivijñānotpādakatvāt prāmāṇyam | ātmavijñānavākyeṣu tannāstīti | satyamevam, naiṣa doṣaḥ | prāmāṇayakāraṇopapatteḥ | prāmāṇyakāraṇaṃ ca yathoktameva, nānyat | alaṅkāraścāyam, yatsarvapravṛttibījavirodhaphalavadavijñānotpādakatvam ātmapratipādakavākyānāṃ nāprāmāṇyakāraṇam | yattūktam vijñāya prajñāṃ kurvīta (bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 21) ityādivacanānāṃ vākyārthavijñānavyatirekeṇa upāsanārthatvamiti, satyametat, kintu nāpūrvavidhyarthatā, pakṣe prāptasya niyamārthataiva | kathaṃ punarupāsanasya pakṣaprāptiḥ? yāvatā pāriśeṣyādātmavijñānasmṛtisantatiḥ nityaivetyabhihitam bāḍham, yadyapyevam;śarīrārambhā kasya karmaṇo niyataphalatvāt, samyagjñānaprāptāvapyavaśyambhāvinī pravṛttirvāṅmanaḥkāyānām, labdhavṛtteḥ karmaṇo balīyastvāt mukteṣvādipravṛttivat | tena pakṣe prāptaṃ jñānapravṛttidaurbalyam | tasmāttyāgavairāgyādisādhanabalāvalambena ātmavijñānasmṛtisantatirniyantavyā bhavati, na tvapūrvā kartavyā;prāptatvād ityavecāma | tasmāt prāptavijñānasmṛtisantānaniyamavidhyarthāni vijñāya prajñāṃ kurvīta ityādi vākyāni, anyārthāsambhavāt | nanvanātmopāsanamidam, itiśabdaprayogāt;yathā priyamityetadupāsīta ityādau na priyādiguṇā evopāsyāḥ, kiṃ tarhi? priyādiguṇavatprāṇādyevopāsyam;tathehāpi iti parātmaśabdaprayogād ātmaguṇavadanātmavastūpāsyamiti gamyate | ātmopāsyatvavākyavailakṣaṇyācca pareṇa ca vakṣyati - ātmānameva lokamupāsīta (1 | 4 | 15) iti | tatra ca vākye ātmaivopāsyatvenābhipreto dvitīyāśravaṇādātmānameveti | iha tu na dvitīyā śrūyate | itiparaścātmaśabdaḥ ātmenyevopāsīta iti | ato nātmopāsya ātmaguṇaścānya iti tvavagamyate | na;vākyaśeṣa ātmana upāsyatvenāvagamāt | asyaiva vākyasya śeṣe ātmaivopāsyatvenāvagamyate - tadetatpadanīyamasya sarvasya yadayamātmā (bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 7) antarataraṃ yadayamātmā (bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 8) ātmānamevāvet (1 | 4 | 10) iti | praviṣṭasya darśanapratiṣedhādanupāsyatvamiti cet | yasyātmanaḥ praveśa uktaḥ tasyaiva darśanaṃ vāryate taṃ na paśyanti (4 | 3 | 23) iti prakṛtopādānāt | tasmādātmano 'nupāsyatvamevet cet? na, akṛtsnatvadoṣāt | darśanapratiṣedho 'kṛtsnatvadoṣābhiprāyeṇa nātmopāsyatvaṃpratiṣedhāya | prāṇanādikriyāviśiṣṭatvena viśeṣaṇāt | ātmanaścedupāsyatvamanabhipetaṃ prāṇanādyekaikakriyāviśiṣṭasyātmano 'kṛtsnatvavacanamanarthakaṃ syāt akṛtsno hyeṣo 'ta ekaikena bhavati (1 | 4 | 7) iti ato 'nekaikaviśiṣṭastvātmā kṛtsnatvādupāsya eveti siddham | yastvātmaśabdasya itiparaḥ prayogaḥ, ātmaśabdapratyayoḥ ātmatattvasya paramārthato 'viṣayatvajñānārtham, anyathā ātmānamupāsītetyevamavakṣyat | tathā cārthādātmani śabdapratyayāvanujñātau syātām;taccāniṣṭam, neti neti (2 | 3 | 6) vijñātāramarekena vijānīyāt (2 | 4 | 14) avijñātaṃ vijñātṛ (3 | 8 | 12) yato vāco nivartante aprāpya manasā saha (tai.u.2 | 4 | 1) ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | yattu ātmānameva lokamupāsīta (1 | 4 | 15) iti tadanātmopāsanaprasaṅganivṛttiparatvānna vākyāntaram | anirjñātatvasāmānyādātmā jñātavyo 'nātmā ca | tatra kasmādātmopāsane eva yatna āsthīyate ātmetyevopāsīta iti netaravijñāna iti? atrocyate - tadetadeva prakṛtaṃ padanīyaṃ gamanīyaṃ nānyat | asya sarvasyeti nirdhāraṇārthā ṣaṣṭhī | asminsarvasminnityarthaḥ | yadayamātmā yadetadātmatattvam | kiṃ na vijñātavyamevānyat? na;kiṃ tarhi? jñātavyatve 'pi na pṛthagjñānāntaramapekṣata ātmajñānāt | kasmāt? anenātmanā jñātena hi yasmādetatsarvamanātmajātam anyadyattatsarvaṃ samastaṃ veda jānāti | nanvanyajñānenānyanna jñāyata iti | asya parihāraṃ dundubhyādigranthena vakṣyāmaḥ | kathaṃ punaretat padanīyamityucyate - yathā ha vai loke padena, gavādikhurāṅkito deśaḥ padamityucyate tena padena, naṣṭaṃ vivitsitaṃ paśuṃ padenānveṣamāṇo 'nuvindellabheta | evamātmani labdhe sarvamanulabhata ityarthaḥ | nanvātmani jñāte sarvamanyajjñāyata iti jñāne prakṛte, kathaṃ lābho 'prakṛta ucyata iti? na;jñānalābhayorekārthatvasya vivakṣitatvāt | ātmano hyalābho 'jñānameva, tasmājjñānamevātmano lābhaḥ, nānātmalābhavadaprāptaprāptilakṣaṇa ātmalābhaḥ, labdhṛlabdhavyayarbhedābhāvāt | yatra hyātmano 'nātmā labdhā, labdhavyo 'nātmā | sa cāprāpta utpādyādikriyāvyavahitaḥ kārakaviśeṣopādānena kriyāviśeṣamutpādya labdhavyaḥ | sa tvaprāptaprāptilakṣaṇo 'nityaḥ, mithyājñānajanitakāmakriyāprabhavatvāt, svapne putrādilābhavat | ayaṃ tu tadviparīta ātmā | ātmatvādeva notpādyādikriyāvyavahitaḥ | nityalabdhasvarūpatve 'pi satyavidyāmātraṃ vyavadhānam | yathā gṛhyamāṇāyā api śuktikāyā viparyayeṇa rajatābhāsāyā agrahaṇaṃ viparītajñānavyavadhānamātram, tathā grahaṇaṃ jñānamātrameva, viparītajñānavyavadhānāpohārthatvājjñānasya | evamihāpyātmano 'lābho 'vidyāmātravyavadhānam | tasmādvidyayā tadapohanamātrameva lābho nānyaḥ kadācidapyupapadyate | tasmādātmalābhe jñānādarthāntarasādhanasya ānarthakyaṃ vakṣyāmaḥ |
tasmānnirāśaṅkameva jñānalābhayorekārthatvaṃ vivakṣannāha - jñānaṃ prakṛtya, anuvindediti |
vindaterlābhārthatvāt |
guṇavijñānaphalamidamucyate - yathāyamātmātmā nāmarūpānupraveśena khyātiṃ gata ātmetyādināmarūpābhyāṃ prāṇādisaṃhatiṃ ca ślokaṃ prāptavānityevaṃ yo veda,sa kīrtiṃ khyātiṃ ślokaṃ ca saṅghātamiṣṭaiḥ saha vindate labhate |
yadvā yathoktaṃ vastu yo veda mumukṣūṇāmapekṣitaṃ kīrtiśabditamaikyajñānaṃ tatphalaṃ ślokaśabditāṃ muktimāpnotīti mukhyameva phalam || 7 ||
kutaścātmatattvameva jñeyamanāhatyānyadityāha -

tad etat preyaḥ putrāt preyo vittāt preyo 'nyasmāt sarvasmād antarataraṃ yad ayam ātmā | sa yo 'nyam ātmanaḥ priyaṃ bruvāṇaṃ brūyāt priyaṃ rotsyatītīśvaro ha tathaiva syāt | ātmānam eva priyam upāsīta | sa ya ātmānam eva priyam upāste na hāsya priyaṃ pramāyukaṃ bhavati ||

8. This, which is nearer to us than anything, this Self, is dearer than a son, dearer than wealth, dearer than all else. And if one were to say to one who declares another than the Self dear, that he will lose what is dear to him, very likely it would be so. Let him worship the Self alone as dear. He who worships the Self alone as dear, the object of his love will never perish.

tadetadātmatattvaṃ preyaḥ priyataraṃ putrāt | putro hi loke priyaḥ prasiddhastasmādapi priyataramiti niratiśayapriyatvaṃ darśayati | tathā vittāddhiraṇyaratnādeḥ, tathā anyasyādyalloke priyatvena prasiddhaṃ tasmātsarvasmādityarthaḥ | tatkasmādātmatattvameva priyataraṃ na prāṇādi? ityucyate - antarataraṃ bāhyātputravittādeḥ prāṇapiṇḍasamudāyo hyantaro 'bhyantaraḥ sannikṛṣṭa ātmanaḥ | tasmādapyantarādantarataraṃ yadayamātmā yadetadātmatattvam | yo hi loke niratiśayapriyaḥ sa sarvaprayatnena labdhavyo bhavati | tathāyamātmā sarvalaukikapriyebhyaḥ priyatamaḥ | tasmāttallābhe mahānyatna āsthena ityarthaḥ, karttavyatāprāptamapyanyapriyalābhe yatnamujjhitvā | kasmātpunaḥ ātmānātmapriyayoranyatarapriyahānena itarapriyopādānaprāptau ātmapriyopādānenaivetarahānaṃ kriyate na viparyayaḥ? ityucyate - sa yaḥ kaścidanyamanātmamamamamaviśeṣaṃ putrādikaṃ priyataramātmānaḥ sākāśād brūvāṇaṃ brūyādātmapriyavādī | kim? priyaṃ tavābhimataṃ putrādilakṣaṇaṃ rotsyatyāvaraṇaṃ prāṇasaṃrodhaṃ prāpsyati | vinaṅkṣyatīti | sa kasmādevaṃ bravīti? yasmādīśvaraḥ samarthaḥ paryāpto 'sāvevaṃ vaktuṃ ha yasmāttasmāttathaiva syādyattenoktaṃ prāṇasaṃrodhaṃ prāpsyati | yathābhūtavādī hi saḥ, tasmātsa īśvaro vaktum | īśvaraśabdaḥ kṣipravācīti kecit | bhavedyadi prasiddhiḥ syāt | tasmādujjhitvānyatpriyamātmānameva priyamupāsīta |
sa ya ātmānameva priyamupāste, ātmaiva priyo nānyo 'stīti pratipadyate 'nyallaukikaṃ priyamapyapriyameveti niścitya upāste cintayati, na hāsyaivaṃvidaḥ priyaṃ pramāyukaṃ pramaraṇaśīlaṃ bhavati |
nityānuvādamātrametat, ātmavido 'nyasya priyasyāpriyasya cābhāvāt |
ātmapriyagrahaṇastutyarthaṃ vā priyaguṇaphalavidhānārthaṃ mandātmadarśinaḥ |
tācchīlyapratyayopādānāt || 8 ||
sūtritā brahmavidyā ātmetyevopāsīta iti yadarthopaniṣatkṛtasnāpi | tasyaitasya sūtrasya vyācikhyāsuḥ prayojanābhidhitsayopojjighāṃsati |

tad āhur yad brahmavidyayā sarvaṃ bhaviṣyanto manuṣyā manyante | kim u tad brahmāved yasmāt tat sarvam abhavad iti ||

9. Here they say: 'If men think that by knowledge of Brahman they will become everything, what then did that Brahman know, from whence all this sprang?'

taditi vakṣyamāṇamanantaravākye 'vadyotyaṃ vastvāhuḥ | brāhmaṇā brahma vividiṣavo janmajarāmaraṇaprabandhacakrabhramaṇakṛtāyāsaduḥkhodakāpāramahodadhiplavabhūtaṃ gurumāsādya tattīramuttitīrṣavo dharmādharmasādhanatatphalalakṣaṇāt sādhyasādhanarūpānnirviṇṇāḥ tadvilakṣaṇanityaniratiśayaśreyaḥ pratipitsavaḥ | kimāhurityāha - yadbrahmavidyayā brahma paramātmā tayā brahmavidyayā, sarvaṃ niravaśeṣaṃ bhaviṣyanto bhaviṣyāma ityevaṃ manuṣyā yanmanyante | manuṣyagrahaṇaṃ viśeṣato 'dhikārajñāpanārtham | manuṣyā eva hi viśeṣato 'bhyudayaniḥśreyasasādhane 'dhikṛtā ityabhiprāyaḥ | yathā karmaviṣaye phalaprāptiṃ dhruvāṃ karmabhyo manyante, tathā brahmavidyāyā sarvātmabhāvaphalaprāptiṃ dhruvāmeva manyante | vedaprāmāṇyasyobhayatrāviśeṣāt | tatra vipratiṣiddhaṃ vastu lakṣyate 'taḥ pṛcchāmaḥ - kimu tadbrahma yasya vijñānātsarvaṃ bhaviṣyanto manuṣyā manyante? tatkimavedyasmādvijñānāttadbrahma sarvamabhavat? brahma ca sarvamiti śrūyate |
tadyadyavijñāya kiñcitsarvamabhavattathānyeṣāmapyastu, kiṃ brahmavidyayā? atha vijñāya sarvamabhavat, vijñānasādhyatvātkarmaphalena tulyamevetyanityatvaprasaṅgaḥ sarvabhāvasya brahmavidyāphalasya |
anavasthādoṣaścatadapyanyadvijñāya sarevamabhavattataḥ pūrvamapyanyadvijñāyeti |
na tāvadavijñāya sarvamabhavat, śāstrārthavairūpyadoṣāt |
phalānityatvadoṣastarhi? naiko 'pi doṣor'thaviśeṣopapatteḥ || 9 ||
yadi kimapi vijñāyaiva tadbrahma sarvamabhavatpṛcchāmaḥ - kimu tadbrahmāvet? yasmāttatsarvamabhavaditi | evaṃ codite sarvadoṣānāgandhitaṃ prativacanamāha-

brahma vā idam agra āsīt | tad ātmānam evāvet | ahaṃ brahmāsmīti | tasmāt tat sarvam abhavat | tad yo yo devānāṃ pratyabudhyata sa eva tad abhavat | tatharṣīnām | tathā manuṣyāṇām | tad dhaitat paśyann ṛṣir vāmadevaḥ pratipede 'haṃ manur abhavaṃ sūryaś ceti | tad idam apy etarhi ya evaṃ vedāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati | tasya ha na devāś canābhūtyā īśate | ātmā hy eṣāṃ sa bhavati | atha yo 'nyāṃ devatām upāste 'nyo 'sāv anyo 'ham asmīti na sa veda | yathā paśur evaṃ sa devānām | yathā ha vai bahavaḥ paśavo manuṣyaṃ bhuñjyur evam ekaikaḥ puruṣo devān bhunakti | ekasminn eva paśāv ādīyamāne 'priyaṃ bhavati kim u bahuṣu | tasmād eṣāṃ tan na priyaṃ yad etan manuṣyā vidyuḥ ||

10. Verily in the beginning this was Brahman, that Brahman knew (its) Self only, saying, 'I am Brahman.' From it all this sprang. Thus, whatever Deva was awakened (so as to know Brahman), he indeed became that (Brahman); and the same with Rishis and men. The Rishi Vâmadeva saw and understood it, singing, 'I was Manu (moon), I was the sun.' Therefore now also he who thus knows that he is Brahman, becomes all this, and even the Devas cannot prevent it, for he himself is their Self. Now if a man worships another deity, thinking the deity is one and he another, he does not know. He is like a beast for the Devas. For verily, as many beasts nourish a man, thus does every man nourish the Devas. If only one beast is taken away, it is not pleasant; how much more when many are taken! Therefore it is not pleasant to the Devas that men should know this.

brahmāparam, sarvabhāvasya sādhyatvopapatteḥ | na hi parasya brahmaṇaḥ sarvabhāvāpattirvijñānasādhyā | vijñānasādhyāṃ ca sarvabhāvāpattirvijñānasādhyā | vijñānasādhyāṃ ca sarvabhāvāpattimāha -'tasmāttatsarvamabhavat'iti | tadasmādbrahma vā idamagra āsīdityaparaṃ brahmeha bhavitumarhati | manuṣyādhikārādvā tadbhāvī brāhmaṇaḥ syāt | 'sarvaṃ bhaviṣyanto manuṣyā manyante'iti hi manuṣyāḥ prakṛtāḥ, teṣāṃ cābhyudayaniḥśreyasasādhane viśeṣato 'dhikāra ityuktam, na parasya brahmaṇo nāpyaparasya prajāpateḥ | ato dvaitaikatvāparabrahmavidyayā karmasahitayā aparabrahmabhāvamupasampanno bhojyādapāvṛttaḥ sarvaprāptyocchinnakāmakarmabandhanaḥ parabrahmabhāvī brahmavidyāhetorbrahmetyabhidhīyate | dṛṣṭaśca loke bhāvinīṃ vṛttimāśritya śabdaprayogaḥ - yathā'odanaṃ pacati'iti, śāstre ca -'parivrājakaḥ sarvabhūtābhayadakṣiṇām'ityādi, tatheheti kecit - brahma brahmabhāvī puruṣo brāhmaṇaḥ - iti vyācakṣate | tanna, sarvabhāvāpatteranityatvadoṣāt | na hi so 'sti loke paramārthato yo nimittavaśādbhāvāntaramāpadyate nityaśceti | tathā brahmavijñānanimittakṛtā cetsarvabhāvāpattiḥ, nityā ceti viruddham | anityatve ca karmaphalatulyatetyukto doṣaḥ | avidyākṛtāsarvatvanivṛttiṃ cetsarvabhāvāpattiṃ brahmavidyāphalaṃ manyase, brahmabhāvipuruṣakalpanā vyarthā syāt;prāgbrahmavijñānādapi sarvo jantubrahmatvānnityameva sarvabhāvāpannaḥ paramārthataḥ, avidyayā tvabrahmatvamasarvatvaṃ cādhyāropitam yathā śuktikāyāṃ rajatam, vyomni vā talamalavattvādi, tatheha brahmaṇyadhyoropitamavidyayā abrahmatvamasarvatvaṃ ca brahmavidyayā nivartyata iti manyase yadi, tadā yuktam yatparamārthata āsītparaṃ brahma, brahmaśabdasya mukhyārthabhūtam'brahma vā idamagra āsīt'ityasminvākye ucyate iti vaktum;yathābhūtārthavāditvādvedasya | na tviyaṃ kalpanā yuktā, brahmaśabdārthaviparīto brahmabhāvī puruṣo brahmetyucyata iti śrutahānyaśrutakalpanāyā anyāyyatvānmahattare prayojanāntare 'sati | avidyākṛtavyatirekeṇābrahmatvamasarvatvaṃ ca vidyata eveti cenna, tasya brahmavidyayāpohānupapatteḥ | na hi kvacitsākṣādvastudharmasyāpoḍhrī dṛṣṭā kartrī vā brahmavidyā | avidyāyāstu sarvatraiva nivartikā dṛśyate | tathehāpyabrahmatvamasarvatvaṃ cāvidyākṛtameva nivartyatāṃ brahmavidyayā | na tu pāramārthikaṃ vastu kartuṃ nivartayituṃ vārhati brahmavidyā | tasmādvyarthaiva śrutahānyaśrutakalpanā | brahmaṇyavidyānupapattiriti cet? na, brahmaṇi vidyāvidhānāt | na hi śuktikāyāṃ rajatādhyāropaṇe 'sati śuktikātvaṃ jñāpyate cakṣurgocarāpannāyām - iyaṃ śuktikā na rajatam, iti | tathā"sadevedaṃ sarvam" "brahmaivedaṃ sarvam" "ātmaivedaṃ sarvam" "nedaṃ dvaitamastyabrahma"iti brahmaṇyekatvavijñānaṃ na vidhātavyaṃ brahmaṇyavidyādhyāropaṇāyāmasatyām | na brūmaḥ - śuktikāyāmiva brahmaṇyataddharmādhyāropaṇā nāstīti, kiṃ tarhi? na brahma svātmanyataddharmādhyāropanimittam, avidyākartṛ ceti | bhavatvevaṃ nāvidyākartṛ bhrāntaṃ ca brahma | kiṃntu naivābrahmāvidyākartā cetano bhrānto 'nya iṣyate | "nānyo 'to 'sti vijñātā" (bṛ.u.3 | 7 | 23) "nānyadato 'sti vijñātṛ"(3 | 8 | 11) "tattvamasi"(chā.u.6 | 8 -13)"ātmānamevāvet | ahaṃ brahmāsmi"(bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 10) "anyo 'sāvanyo 'hamasmīti na sa veda"(1 | 4 | 10) ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | smṛtibhyaśca -"samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu"(gītā 13 | 27) "ahamātmāguḍākeśa"(gītā 10 | 20) "śuni caiva śvapāke ca"(gītā 5 | 18) "yastu sarvāṇi bhūtāni"ityādibhyaḥ | "yasminsarvāṇi bhūtāni" (īśā.u.7) iti ca mantravarṇāt | nanvevaṃ śāstropadeśānarthakyamiti | bāḍhamevam avagate 'stvevānarthakyam | avagamanarthakyamiti cet? na, anavagamanivṛtterdṛṣṭatvāt | tannivṛtterapyanupapattirekatva iti cet? na dṛṣṭavirodhāt | dṛśyate hyekatvavijñānādevānavagamanivṛttiḥ, dṛśyamānamapyanupapannamiti bruvato dṛṣṭavirodhaḥ syāt;na ca dṛṣṭavirodhaḥ kenacidapyabhyupagamyate | na ca dṛṣṭe 'nupapannaṃ nāma, dṛṣṭatvādeva | darśanānupapattiriti cettatrāpyeṣaiva yuktiḥ | "puṇyaṃ vai puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati"(bṛ.u.3 | 2 | 13) "taṃ vidyākarmaṇī samanvārabhete" (4 | 4 | 2) ityevamādiśrutismṛtinyāyebhyaḥ parasmādvilakṣaṇo 'nyaḥ saṃsāryavagamyate | tadvilakṣaṇaśca paraḥ"sa eṣa neti neti"(bṛ.u.3 | 9 | 23) "aśanāyādyatyeti" "ya ātmāpahatapāpmā vijaro vimṛtyuḥ"(chā.u.8 | 7 | 1) "etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane"(bṛ.u.3 | 8 | 9) ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | kaṇādākṣapādāditarkaśāstreṣu ca saṃsāravilakṣaṇa īśvara upapattitaḥ sādhyate | saṃsāraduḥkhāpanayārthitvapravṛttidarśanātsphuṭamanyatvamīśvarātsaṃsāriṇo 'vagamyate | "avākyanādaraḥ"(chā.u.3 | 14 | 2) "na me pārthāsti" (gītā3 | 22) iti śrutibhyaḥ | "so 'nveṣṭavyaḥ sa vijijñāsitavyaḥ"(chā.u.8 | 7 | 1) "taṃ viditvā na lipyate"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 23) "brahmavidāpnoti param"(tai.u.2 | 1 | 1) "ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyametat"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 20) "yo vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgyaviditvā"(3 | 8 | 10) "tameva dhīro vijñāya"(4 | 4 | 21) "praṇavo dhanuḥ śaro hyātmā brahma tallakṣyamucyate" (mu.u.2 | 2 | 4) ityādikarmakartṛnirdeśācca | mumukṣośca gatimārgaviśeṣadeśopadeśāt | asati bhede kasya kuto gatiḥ syāt? tadabhāve ca dakṣiṇottaramārgaviśeṣānupapattiḥ, gantavyadeśānupapattiśceti | bhinnasya tu parasmādātmanaḥ sarvametadupapannam | karmajñānasādhanopadeśācca - bhinnaścedbrahmaṇaḥ saṃsārī syāt, yuktastaṃ pratyabhyudayaniḥśreyasādhanayoḥ karmajñānayorupadeśo neśvarasyāptakāmatvāt | tasmādyuktaṃ brahmeti brahmabhāvī puruṣa ucyata iti cet? na, brahmopadeśānarthakyaprasaṅgāt | saṃsārī ced - brahmabhāvyabrahma san viditvātmānamevāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sarvamabhavattasya saṃsāryātmavijñānādeva sarvātmabhāvasya phalasya siddhatvātparabrahmopadeśasya dhruvamānarthakyaṃ prāptam | tadvijñānasya kvacitpuruṣārthasādhane 'viniyāgātsaṃsāriṇa evāhaṃ brahmāsmīti brahmatvasampādanārtha upadeśa iti cet | anirjñāte hi brahmasvarūpe kiṃ sampādayedahaṃ brahmāsmīti | nirjñātalakṣaṇe hi brahmaṇi śakyā sampatkartum | na; "ayamātmā brahma"(bṛ.u.2 | 5 | 19) catsākṣādaparokṣādbrahma (3 | 4 | 1) ya ātmā (chā.u.8 | 7 | 1) tatsatyaṃ sa ātmā (chā.u.6 | 8 | 7) brahmavidāpnoti param (tai.u.2 | 1 | 1 | ) iti prakṛtya tasmādvā etasmādātmanaḥ (2 | 1 | 1) iti sahasraśo brahmātmaśabdayoḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyādekārthatvamevetyavagamyate | anyasya hyanyatve sampatkriyate naikatve | idaṃ sarvaṃ yadayamātmā (bṛ.u.2 | 4 | 6) iti ca prakṛtasyaiva draṣṭavyasyātmana ekatvaṃ darśayati | tasmānnātmano brahmatvasampadupapattiḥ | na cāpyanyatprayojanaṃ brahmopadeśasya gamyate, brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati (mu.u.3 | 2 | 9) abhayaṃ vai janaka prāpto 'si (bṛ.u.4 | 2 | 4) abhayaṃ hi vai brahma bhavati (4 | 4 | 25) iti ca tadāpattiśravaṇāt | sampattiścettadāpattirna syāt | na hyanyasyāmyabhāva upapadyate | vacanāt sampatterapi tadbhāvāpattiḥ syāditi cet? na, sampatteḥ pratyayamātratvāt | vijñānasya ca mithyājñānanivartakatvavyatirekeṇākārakatvamityavocāma | na ca vacanaṃ vastunaḥ sāmarthyajanakam | jñāpakaṃ hi śāstraṃ na kārakamiti sthitiḥ | sa eṣa iha praviṣṭaḥ (bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 7) ityādivākyeṣu ca parasyaiva praveśa iti sthitam | tasmādbrahmeti na brahmabhāvipuruṣakalpanā sādhvī | iṣṭārthabādhanācca | saindhavadhanavadanantaramabāhyamekarasaṃ brahmeti vijñānaṃ sarvasyāmupaniṣadi pratipipādayiṣitor'thaḥ | kāṇḍadvaye 'pyante 'vadhāraṇādavagamyate ityanuśāsanam etāvadare khalvamṛtatvam iti. tathā sarvaśākhopaniṣatsu ca brahmaikatvavijñānaṃ niścitor'thaḥ | tatra yadi saṃsārī brahmaṇo 'nya ātmānamevāvediti kalpyeta, iṣṭasyārthasya nādhanaṃ syāt | tathā ca śāstramupakramopasaṃhārayorvirodhādasamañjasaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | vyapadeśānupapatteśca | yadi ca ātmānamevāvet iti saṃsārī kalpyeta, brahmavidyā iti vyapadeśo na syāt | ātmānamevāvediti saṃsāriṇa eva vedyatvopapatteḥ | ātmeti vedituranyaducyata iti cenna, ahaṃ brahmāsmīti viśeṣaṇāt | anyaścedvedyaḥ syādayamasāviti vā viśeṣyeta na tvahamasmīti | ahamasmīti viśeṣaṇādātmānamevāvediti cāvadhāraṇānniścitamātmaiva brahmetyavagamyate | tathā ca satyupapanno brahmavidyāvyapadeśo nānyathā | saṃsārividyā hyanyathā syāt | na ca brahmatvābrahmatve hyekasyopapanne paramārthataḥ, tamaḥprakāśāviva bhānorviruddhatvāt | na cobhayanimittatve brahmavidyeti niścito vyapadeśo yuktaṃ tattvajñānavivakṣāyām, śrotuḥ saṃśayo hi tathā syāt | niścitaṃ ca jñānaṃ puruṣārthasādhanamiṣyate"yasya syādddhā na vicikitsāsti" (chā.u.3 | 14 | 4) "saṃśayātmā vinaśyati"(gītā 4 | 40) iti śrutismṛtibhyām | ato na saṃśayito vākyārtho vācyaḥ parahitārthinā | brahmaṇi sādhakatvakalpanā asmadādiṣviva apeśalā'tadātmānamevāvettasmāttatsarvamabhavat'iti - iti cet? na, śāstropālambhāt | na hyasmātkalpaneyam, śāstrakṛtā tu;tasmācchāstrasyāyamupālambhaḥ | na ca brahmaṇa iṣṭaṃ cikīrṣuṇā śāstrāthaviparītakalpanā svārthaparityāgaḥ kāryaḥ | na caitāvatyevākṣamā yuktā bhavataḥ | sarvaṃ hi nānātvaṃ brahmaṇi kalpitameva"ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 20) "neha nānāsti kiñcana" (4 | 4 | 19) "yatra hi dvaitamiva bhavati" (2 | 4 | 14) "ekamevādvitīyam"(chā.u.6 | 2 | 1) ityādivākyaśatebhyaḥ | sarvo hi lokavyavahāro brahmaṇyeva kalpito na paramārthaḥ san, ityatyalpamidamucyate'iyameva kalpanā apeśalā'iti | tasmād yatpraviṣṭaṃ sraṣṭrṛ brahma tadbrahma | vaiśabdo 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ | idaṃ śarīrasthaṃ yad gṛhyate, agre prākpratibodhādapi brahmaivāsīt, sarvaṃ cedam | kintvapratibodhāt abrahmāsmyasarvaṃ ca ityātmanyadhyāropāt'kartāhe kriyāvānphalānāṃ ca bhoktā sukhī duḥkho saṃsārī'iti cādhyāropayati | paramārthatastu brahmaiva tadvilakṣaṇaṃ sarvaṃ ca | tatkathañcidācāryeṇa dayālunā pratibodhitam'nāsi saṃsārī'ityātmānamevāvetsvābhāvikam | avidyādhyāropitaviśeṣavarjitamiti eva śabdasyārthaḥ | brūhi ko 'sāvātmā svābhāvikaḥ, yamātmānaṃ viditavadbrahma | nanu na smarasyātmānam, darśito hyasau, ya iha praviśya prāṇityapāniti vyānityudāniti samānitīti | nanu'asau gauḥ, asāvaśvaḥ'ityevamasau vyapadiśyate bhavatā nātmānaṃ pratyakṣaṃ darśayasi | evaṃ tarhi draṣṭā śrotā mantā vijñātā, sa ātmeti | nanvatrāpi darśanādikriyākartuḥ svarūpaṃ na pratyakṣaṃ darśayasi | na hi gamireva gantuḥ svarūpaṃ chidirvā chettuḥ | evaṃ tarhi dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā śruteḥ śrotā matermantā vijñātervijñātā, sa ātmeti | nanvatra ko viśeṣo draṣṭari? yadi dṛṣṭardraṣṭā. yadi vā ghaṭasya draṣṭā, sarvathāpi draṣṭaiva | draṣṭavya eva tu bhavānviśeṣamāha dṛṣṭerdraṣṭeti draṣṭā tu yadi dṛṣṭeḥ, yadi vā ghaṭasya, draṣṭā draṣṭaiva | na, viśeṣopapatteḥ | astyatra viśeṣaḥ dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā sa dṛṣṭim, na kadācidapi dṛṣṭirna dṛśyate draṣṭā;tatra draṣṭurdṛṣṭyā nityayā bhavitavyam, anityā ced draṣṭurdṛṣṭiḥ, tatra dṛśyā yā dṛṣṭiḥ sā kadācinna dṛśyetāpi, yathānityayā dṛṣṭyā ghaṭādi vastu | na ca tadvad dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā kadācidapi na paśyati dṛṣṭim | kiṃ dve dṛṣṭī draṣṭuḥ - nityā adṛśyā, anyā anityā dṛśyeti? bāḍham;prasiddhā tāvadanityā dṛṣṭiḥ, andhānandhatvadarśanāt | nityaiva cetsarvo 'nandha eva syāt | draṣṭastu nityā dṛṣṭiḥ"na hi draṣṭurdṛṣṭerviparilopo vidyate" -iti śruteḥ | anumānācca - andhasyāpi ghaṭādyābhāsaviṣayā svapne dṛṣṭirupalabhyate, sā tarhītaradṛṣṭināśe na paśyati, sā draṣṭurdṛṣṭiḥ | tayāvipariluptayā nityayā dṛṣṭyā svarūpabhūtayā svayañjyotiḥsamākhyathetāmanityāṃ dṛṣṭiṃ svapnavuddhāntayorvāsanāpratyayarūpāṃ nityameva paśyandṛṣṭerdraṣṭā bhavati | evaśca sati dṛṣṭireva svarūpamasyāgnyauṣṇyavat, na kāṇādānāmiva dṛṣṭivyatirikto 'nyaścetano draṣṭā | tadbrahma ātmānameva nityadṛgrūpamadhyāropitānityadṛṣṭyādivarjitamevāvedviditavat | nanu vipratiṣiddhaṃ"na vijñātevijñātāraṃ vijānīyāḥ"(bṛ.u.3 | 4 | 2) iti śruteḥ, vijñāturvijñānam | na, evaṃ vijñānānna vipratiṣedhaḥ | evaṃ dṛṣṭerdraṣṭeti vijñāyata eva | anyajñānānapekṣatvācca - na ca draṣṭurnityaiva dṛṣṭirityevaṃ vijñāte draṣṭriviṣayāṃ dṛṣṭimanyāmākāṅkṣate | nivartate hi draṣṭuviṣayadṛṣṭyākāṅkṣā tadasambhavādeva | na hyavidyamāne viṣaya ākāṅkṣā kasyacidupajāyate | na ca dṛśyā dṛṣṭirdraṣṭāraṃ viṣayīkartumutsahate, yatastāmākāṅkṣeta | na ca svarūpaviṣayākhāṅkṣāsvasyaiva | tasmādajñānādhyāropaṇanivṛttireva'atmānamevāvet ityuktam,nātmano viṣayīkaraṇam' | tatkathamavet? ityāha - ahaṃ dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā ātmā brahmāsmi bhavāmīti brahmeti - yatsākṣādaparokṣātsarvāntara ātmā aśanāyādyatīto neti netyasthūlamanaṇvityevamādi lakṣaṇam, tadevāhamasmi, nānyaḥ saṃsārī, yathā bhavānāheti | tasmādevaṃ vijñānāttadbrahma sarvamabhavat | tasmādyuktameva manuṣyā manyante yadbrahmavidyayā sarvaṃ bhaviṣyāma iti | yatpṛṣṭam,'kimu tadbrahmāved yasmāttatsarvamabhavat'iti, tannirṇītam -'brahma vā idamagra āsīt tadātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmīti tasmāttatsarvamabhavat'iti | tattatra yo yo devānāṃ madhye pratyabudhyata pratibuddhvānātmānaṃ yathoktena ātmā tadbrahmābhavat | tatharpīṇāṃ tathā manuṣyāṇāṃ ca madhye | devānāmityādi lokadṛṣṭyapekṣayā na brahmatvabuddhyocyate | 'puraḥ puruṣa āviśat'iti sarvatra brahmaivānupraviṣṭamityādyucyate | paramārthatastu tatra tatra brahmaivāgra āsītprākpratibodhād devādiśarīreśvanyathaiva vibhāvyamānam | tadātmānamevāvettathaiva ca sarvamabhavat | asyā brahmavidyāyāḥ sarvabhāvāpattiḥ phalamityetasyārthasya draḍhimne mantrānudāharati śrutiḥ | katham? tad brahma etadātmānameva'ahamasmi'iti paśyannetasmādeva brahmaṇo darśanādṛṣṭirvāmadevākhyaḥ pratipede ha pratipannavānkila | sa etasminmantrāndadarśa -'ahaṃ manurabhavaṃ sūryaśca'ityādīn | tadetadbrahma paśyan iti brahmavidyā parāmṛśyate | 'ahaṃ manurabhavaṃ suryaśca'ityādinā sarvabhāvāpattiṃ brahmavidyāphalaṃ parāmṛśati | paśyansarvātmabhāvaṃ phalaṃ pratipeda ityasmātprayogād brahmavidyāsahāyasādhanasādhyaṃ mokṣaṃ darśayati;bhuñjānastṛpyatīti yadvat | seyaṃ brahmavidyayā sarvabhāvāpattirāsīnmahatāṃ devādīnāṃ vīryātiśayāt | nedānīmaidaṃyugīnānāṃ viśeṣato manuṣyāṇām, alpavīryatvāditi syātkasyacidbuddhiḥ, tadutthāpanāyāha- tadidaṃ prakṛtaṃ brahma yatsarvabhūtānupraviṣṭaṃ dṛṣṭikriyādiliṅgam, etarhyetasminnapi vartamānakāle yaḥ kaścidvyāvṛttabāhyautsukya ātmānamevaivaṃ veda'ahaṃ brahmāsmi'iti apohyopādhijanitabhrāntivijñānādhyāropitānviśeṣān saṃsāradharmānāgandhitamanantaramabāhyaṃ brahyevāhamasmi kevalamiti-so 'vidyākṛtāsarvatvanivṛtterbrahāvijhānādidaṃ sarva bhavati | na hi mahāvīryeṣu vāmaḍhevādiṣu hīnavīryeṣu vā vārtamānikeṣu manuṣyeṣubrahyaṇo viśeṣastadvijhānasya vāsti | vārtamānikeṣu puruṣeṣu tu bahyavidyāphale anaikāntikatā śaḍkyata ityata āha-tasya ha brahyavijhāturyathotkena vidhinā devā mahāvīryāśca nāpi abhūtatya.abhavanāya brahyāsarvamāvasya, neśate na paryāptāḥ, kimutānye | brahyāvidyāphalaprāpyau vidhnakaraṇe devādaya īśata iti kā śaḍkā? ityucyate-devādīnprati ṛṇavattvānmartyānām | "brahyacaryeṇa ṛpibhyo yajhena devabhyaḥ prajayā pitṛbhyaḥ"iti hi jāyamānamevarṇavantaṃ puruṣaṃ darśayati śrutiḥ | paśunidarśanācca"atho 'yaṃ vā"(bṛ.u. 1 | 4 | 16) ityādlokaśruteścātmano vṛttiparipipālayiṣayādhamarṇānivaṃ devāḥ paratantrānmanuṣyānpratyamṛtatvaprāptiṃ prati vidhnaṃ kuryuriti nyāyyaivaiṣā śaḍkā | svapaśūnsvaśarīrāṇīva ca rakṣanti devāḥ | mahattarāṃ hi vṛttiṃ karmādhīnāṃ darśayṣyati devādīnāṃ bahupaśusamatayaikaikasya puruṣasya | "tasmāndepāṃ tanna priyaṃ yadetanmanudhyā vidyāḥ"(1 | 4 | 10) iti hahi vakṣyati | "yathā ha vai svāya lokāyāriṣṭimicchedevaṃ haivaṃvide sarvāṇi bhūtānyariṣṭimicchanti"(1 | 4 | 16) iti ca | brahyāviśve pārārthyanivṛtterna svalokatvaṃ paśutvañcetyamiprāyo 'priyāriṣṭivacanābhyāmavagamyate | tasmādbrahyāvido brahyavidyāphalarprāpta prati kuryureva vidhnaṃ devāḥ, prabhāvavantaśca hi te | nanvevaṃ satyanyāsvapi karmaphalaprāptipudevānāṃ vidhnakaraṇaṃpeyapānasamam | hanta tarhyāvisrambho 'bhyudayaniḥśreyasasādhanā. nuṣṭhāneṣu | tatheśvarasyācintaya. śaktitvādvidhnakaraṇe prabhutvam | tathā kālakarmamantrauṣadhitapasām | eṣāṃ hi phalasampattivipattihetutvaṃ śāstre loke ca prasidvam | ato 'pyanāśvāsaḥ śāstrārthānuṣṭhāne | na;sarvapadārthānāṃ niyatanimittopādānāt, jagadvaicitryadarśanācca | svabhāvapakṣe ca tadubhayānupapatteḥ | 'sukhaduḥkhādi phalanimittaṃ karma'ityetasminpakṣe sthite vedasmṛtinyāyalokaparigṛhīte, deveśvarakālāstāvanna karmaphalaviparyāsakartāraḥ, karmaṇāṃ kāṅkṣitakārakatvāt | karma hi śubhāśubhaṃ puruṣāṇāṃ devakāleśvarādikārakamanapekṣya nātmānaṃ prati labhate, labdhātmakamapi phaladāne 'samartham, kriyāyā hi kārakādyanekanimittopādānasvābhāvyāt | tasmātkriyānuguṇā hi deveśvarādaya iti karmasu tāvanna phalaprāptiṃ pratyavisrambhaḥ | karmaṇāmapyeṣāṃ vaśānigatvaṃ kvacit, svasāmarthyasyāpraṇodyatvāt | karmakāladaivadravyādisvabhāvānāṃ guṇapradhānabhāvastvaniyato durvijñeyaśceti tatkṛto moho lokasya - karmaiva kārakaṃ nānyatphalaprāptāviti kecitaṃ;daivamevetyapare;kāla ityeke;dravyādisvabhāva iti kecit;sarva ete saṃhatā evetyapare | tatra karmaṇaḥ prādhānyamaṅgīkṛtya vedasmṛtivādāḥ -"puṇyo vai puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena"(bṛ.u.3 | 2 | 13) ityādayaḥ | yadyapyeṣāṃ svaviṣaye kasyacitprādhānyodbhava itareṣāṃ tatkālīnaprādhānyaśaktistambhaḥ, tathāpi na karmaṇaḥ phalaprāptiṃ pratyanaikāntikatvam, śāstranyāyanirdhāritatvātkarmaprādhānyasya | na;avidyāpagamamātratvād brahmaprāptiphalasya - yaduktaṃ brahmaprāptiphalaṃ prati devā vighnaṃ kuryuriti, tatra na devānāṃ vighnakaraṇe sāmarthyam;kasmāt? vidyākālānantaritatvād brahmaprāptiphalasya | katham? yathā loke draṣṭuścakṣuṣa ālokena saṃyogo yatkālaḥ, tatkāla eva rūpābhivyaktiḥ | evamātmaviṣayaṃ vijñānaṃ yatkālam, tatkāla eva tadviṣayajñānatirobhāvaḥ syāt | ato brahmavidyāyāṃ satyāmavidyākāryānupapatteḥ pradīpa iva tamaḥkāryasya, kena kasya vighnaṃ kuryurdevāḥ - yatrātmatvameva devānāṃ brahmavidaḥ | tadetadāha - ātmā svarūpaṃ dhyeyaṃ yattatsarvaśāstrairvijñeyaṃ brahma, hi yasmāt, eṣāṃ devānām, sabrahmavidbhavati | brahmavidyāsamakālamevāvidyāmātravyavadhānāpagamācchuktikāyā iva rajatābhāsāyāḥ śuktikātvamityavocāma | ato nātmanaḥ pratikūlatve devānāṃ prayatnaḥ sambhavati | yasya hyanātmabhūtaṃ phalaṃ deśakālanimittāntaritam, tatrānātmaviṣaye saphalaḥ prayatno vighnācaraṇāya devānām | na tviha vidyāsamakāla ātmabhūte deśakālanimittānantarite, avasarānupapatteḥ | evaṃ tarhi vidyāpratyayasantatyabhāvād viparītapratyayatatkāryayośca darśanād antya evātmapratyayo 'vidyānivartako na tu pūrva iti | na;prathamenānaikāntikatvāt | yadi hi prathama ātmaviṣayaḥ pratyayo 'vidyāṃ na nivartayati, tathāntyo 'pi, tulyaviṣayatvāt | evaṃ tarhi santato 'vidyānivartako na vicchinna iti | na, jīvanādau sati santatyanupapatteḥ | na hi jīvanādihetuke pratyaye sati vidyāpratyayasantatirupapadyate, virodhāt | atha jīvanādipratyayatiraskaraṇenaiva āmaraṇāntādvidyāsantatiriti cenna, pratyayeyattāsamantānānavadhāraṇācchāstrārthānavadhāraṇadoṣāt | iyatāṃ pratyayānāṃ santatiravidyāyā nivartiketyanavadhāraṇācchāstrārtho nāvadhriyeta, taccāniṣṭam | santatimātratve 'vadhārita eveti cet? na, ādyantayoraviśeṣāt | prathamā vidyāpratyayasantatirmaraṇakālāntā veti viśeṣābhāvāt, ādyantayoḥ pratyayoḥ pūrvoktau doṣau prasajyeyātām | evaṃ tarhyanivartaka eveti cet? na,"tasmāttatsarvamabhavat"(bṛ.u.1 | 4 | 10) iti śruteḥ | "bhidyate hṛdayagranthiḥ"(mu.u.2 | 2 | 8) "tatra ko mohaḥ" (īśā.7) ityādi śrutibhyaśca | arthavāda iti cet? na, sarvaśākhopaniṣadaḥ | pratyakṣapramitātmaviṣayatvādastyeveti cet? na, uktaparihāratvāt | avidyāśokamohabhayādidoṣanivṛtteḥ pratyakṣatvāditi coktaḥ parihāraḥ | tasmādādyo 'ntyaḥ santato 'santataścetyacodyametat | avidyādidoṣanivṛttiphalāvasānatvādvidhāyāḥ | ya evāvidyādidoṣanivṛttiphalakṛtpratyaya ādyo 'ntyaḥ santato 'santato vā sa eva vidyetyabhyupagamānna codyasyāvatāragandho 'pyasti | yattūktaṃ viparītapratyayatatkāryayośca darśanāditi, na;taccheṣasthitihetutvāt | yena karmaṇā śarīramārabdhaṃ tadviparītapratyayadoṣanimittatvāttasya tathābhūtasyaiva viparītapratyayadoṣasaṃyuktasya phaladāne sāvarthyamiti, yāvaccharīrapātaḥ tāvatphalopabhogāṅgatayā viparītapratyayaṃ rāgādidoṣaṃ ca tāvanmātramākṣipatyeva, mukteṣuvatpravṛttaphalatvāttaddhetukasya karmaṇaḥ | tena na tasya nivartukā vidyā, avirodhāt | kiṃ tarhi svāśrayādeva svātmavirodhyavidyākāryaṃ yadutpitsu tanniruṇāddhi, anāgatatvāt | atītaṃ hītarat | kiñca, na ca viparītapratyayo vidyāvata utpadyate, nirviṣayatvāt | anavadhṛtaviṣayaviśeṣasvarūpaṃ hi sāmānyamātramāśritya viparītapratyaya utpadyamāna utpadyate, yathā śuktikāyāṃ rajatamiti | sa ca viṣayaviśeṣāvadhāraṇavato 'śeṣaviparītapratyayāśrayasyopamarditatvānna pūrvavatsambhavati, śuktikādau samyakpratyayātpattau punagdarśanāt | kvacittu vidyāyāḥ pūrvotpannaviparītapratyayajanitasaṃskārebhyo viparītapratyayāvabhāsāḥ smṛtayo jāyamānāviparītapratyayabhrāntimakasmātkurvanti;yathā vijñātadigvibhāgasyāpyakasmāddigviparyayavibhramaḥ | samyagjñānavato 'pi cetpūrvavadviparītapratyaya utpadyate, samyagjñāne 'pyavisrambhācchāstrārthavijñānādau pravṛttirasamañjasā syātsarvaṃ ca pramāṇamapramāṇaṃ sampadyeta pramāṇāpramāṇayorviśeṣānupapatteḥ | etena'samyagjñānānantarameva śarīrapātābhāvaḥ kasmāt? 'ityetat parihṛtam | jñānotpatteḥ prāgūrdhvaṃ tatkālajanmāntarasañcitānāṃ vināśaḥ siddho bhavati phalaprāptivighnaniṣedhaśrutereva | "kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi"(mu.u.2 | 2 | 8) "tasya tāvadeva ciram"(chā.u.6 | 14 | 2) "sarve pāpmānaḥ pradrūyante"(chā.u.5 | 24 | 3) "taṃ viditvā na lipyate karmaṇā pāpakena"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 23) "etamu haivaite na tarataḥ"(4 | 4 | 22) "nainaṃ kṛtākṛte tapataḥ"(4 | 4 | 22) "etaṃ ha vāva na tapati"(tai.u.2 | 9 | 1) "na bibheti kutaścana"(tai.u.2 | 9 | 1) ityādi śrutibhyaśca | "jñānāgniḥ sarvakarmāṇi bhasmasātkurute"(gītā 4 | 37) ityādismṛtibhyaśca | yattu ṛṇaiḥ pratibadhyata iti, tanna, avidyāvadvipayatvāt | avidyāvānhi ṛṇī, tasya kartṛtvādyupapatteḥ | 'yatra vā anyadiva syāttatrānyo 'nyatpaśyet'(4 | 3 | 31) iti hi vakṣyati | ananyatsadvastvātmākhyaṃ yatrāvidyāyāṃ satyāmanyadivasyāttimirakṛtadvitīyacandravat, tatrāvidyākṛtānekakārakāpekṣaṃ darśanādikarma tatkṛtaṃ phalaṃ ca darśayati,"tatrānyo 'nyatpaśyet"ityādinā | yatra punarvidyāyāṃ satyāmavidyākṛtānekatvabhramaprahāṇam,"tatkena kaṃ paśyet"(4 | 5 | 15) iti karmāsambhavaṃ darśayati | tasmādavidyāvadviṣaya eva ṛṇitvam, karmasambhavāt;netaratra | etaccottaratra vyācikhyāsiṣyamāṇairevavākyairvistareṇa pradarśayiṣyāmaḥ | tadyathehaiva tāvat - atha yaḥ kaścidabrahmavid anyāmātmāno vyatiriktāṃ yāṃ kāñciddevatām, upāste stutinamaskārayāgabalyupahārapraṇidhānādinā upa āste - anyo 'sāvanātmā mattaḥ pṛthak, anyo 'hamasmyadhikṛtaḥ, mayāsmai ṛṇivatpratikartavyam - ityevampratyayo veda vijānāti tattvam | na sa kevalamevaṃbhūto 'vidvānavidyādoṣavāneva, kiṃ tarhi? yathā paśurgavādirvāhanadohanādyupakārairupabhujyate, evaṃ sa ijyādyanekopakārairupabhoktavyatvādekaikena devādīnām, ataḥ paśuriva sarvārtheṣu karmasvadhikṛta ityarthaḥ | etasya hyaviduṣo varṇāśramādipravibhāgavato 'dhikṛtasya karmaṇo vidyāsahitasya kevalasya ca śāstroktasya kāryaṃ manuṣyatvādiko brahmānta utkarṣaḥ | śāstroktaviparītasya ca svābhāvikasya kāryaṃ manuṣyatvādika eva sthāvarānto 'pakarṣaḥ | yathā caitattathā"atha trayo vāva lokāḥ" (1 | 5 | 16) ityādinā vakṣyāmaḥ kṛtsnenaivādhyāyaśeṣeṇa | vidyayāśca kāryaṃ sarvātmabhāvāpattirityetatsaṅkṣepato darśitam | sarvāhīyamupaniṣad vidyāvidyāvibhāgapradarśanenaivopakṣīṇā | yathā caiṣor'thaḥ kṛtsnasya śāstrasya tathā pradarśayiṣyāmaḥ | yasmādevam, tasmādavidyāvantaṃ puruṣaṃ prati devā īśata eva vighnaṃ kartumanugrahaṃ cetyetaddarśayati - yathā ha vai loke bahavo go-aśvādayaḥ paśavo manuṣyaṃ svāminamātmano 'dhiṣṭhātāraṃ bhuñjyuḥ pālayeyurevaṃ bahupaśusthānīya ekaiko 'vidvānpuruṣo devān - devāniti pitrādyupalakṣaṇārtham - bhunakti pālayatīti |
ima indrādayo 'nye matto mameśitāro bhṛtya ivāhameṣāṃ stutinamaskārejyādinārādhanaṃ kṛtvābhyudayaṃ niḥśreyasaṃ ca tatprattaṃphalaṃ prāpsyāmītyevamabhisandhiḥ |
tatra loke bahupaśumato yathaikasminneva paśāvādīyamāne vyāghrādināpahiyamāṇe mahadapriyaṃ bhavati, tathā bahupaśusthānīya ekasminpuruṣe paśubhāvād vyuttiṣṭhatyapriyaṃ bhavatīti, kiṃ citraṃ devānāṃ bahupaśvapaharaṇa iva kuṭuṃbinaḥ |
tasmādeṣāṃ devānāṃ tanna priyam, kiṃ tat? yadetadbrahmātmatattvaṃ kathañcana manuṣyā vidyurvijānīyuḥ tathā ca smaraṇamanugītāsu bhagavato vyāsasya - "kriyāvadbhirhi kaunteya devalokaḥ samāvṛtaḥ |
na caitadiṣṭaṃ devānāṃ maryairupari vartanam ||
" ato devāḥ paśūniva vyāghrādibhyo brahmavijñānādvighnamācikīrṣanti;asmadupabhogyatvānmāvyuttiṣṭheyuriti |
yaṃ tu mumocayiṣanti taṃ śraddhādibhiryokṣyanti viparītamaśraddhādibhiḥ |
tasmānmumukṣurdevārādhanaparaḥ śraddhābhaktiparaḥ praṇayo 'pramādī syādvidyāprāptiṃ ati vidyāṃ pratīti vā kākvaitatpradarśitaṃ bhavati devāpriyavākyena || 10 ||

brahma vā idam agra āsīd ekam eva | tad ekaṃ san na vyabhavat | tac chreyo rūpam atyasṛjata kṣatraṃ, yāny etāni devatrā kṣatrāṇīndro varuṇaḥ somo rudraḥ parjanyo yamo mṛtyur īśāna iti | tasmāt kṣatrāt paraṃ nāsti | tasmād brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyaṃ adhastād upāste rājasūye | kṣatra eva tad yaśo dadhāti | saiṣā kṣatrasya yonir yad brahma | tasmād yady api rājā paramatāṃ gacchati brahmaivāntata upaniśrayati svāṃ yonim | ya u enaṃ hinasti svāṃ sa yonim ṛcchati | sa pāpīyān bhavati yathā śreyāṃsaṃ hiṃsitvā ||

11. Verily in the beginning this was Brahman, one only. That being one, was not strong enough. It created still further the most excellent Kshatra (power), viz. those Kshatras (powers) among the Devas,--Indra, Varuna, Soma, Rudra, Parganya, Yama, Mrityu, Îsâna. Therefore there is nothing beyond the Kshatra, and therefore at the Râgasûya sacrifice the Brâhmana sits down below the Kshatriya. He confers that glory on the Kshatra alone. But Brahman is (nevertheless) the birth-place of the Kshatra. Therefore though a king is exalted, he sits down at the end (of the sacrifice) below the Brahman, as his birth-place. He who injures him, injures his own birth-place. He becomes worse, because he has injured one better than himself.

sūtritaḥ śāsrārthaḥ"ātmetyevopāsīta"iti | tasya ca vyācikhyāsitasyasārthavādena"tadāhuryadbrahmavidyayā" ityādinā sambandhaprayojane abhihite | avidyāyāścasaṃsārādhikārakāraṇatvamuktam"atha yo 'nyāṃ devatāmupāste"ityādinā | tatrāvidvānṛṇī paśavaddevādikarmakartavyatayā paratantra ityuktam | kiṃ punardevādikarmavyatvenimittam? varṇā āśramāśca | tatra ke varṇāḥ? ityataidamārabhyate | yannimittasambaddheṣu karmasvayaṃ paratantra evādhikṛtaḥ saṃsārīti | etasyaivārthasya pradarśanāyāgnisargānantaramindrādisargo noktaḥ | agnestu sargaḥ prajāpateḥ sṛṣṭiparipūraṇāya pradarśitaḥ | ayaṃ ca indrādisargastatraiva draṣṭavyastaccheṣatvāt | iha tu sa evāmidhīyate 'viduṣaḥ karmādhikārahetupradarśanāya- brahma vā idamagra āsīdyadagniṃ sṛṣṭvā agnirūpāpannaṃ brahma | brāhmaṇajātyamimānād brahmetyabhidhīyate | vai idaṃ kṣatrādijjātaṃ brahmaivābhinnamāsīdekameva | nāsītkṣatrādibhedaḥ | tadbrahmaikaṃ kṣatrādiparipālayitrādiśūnyaṃ sadaṃ na vyabhavat- na vibhūtavat, karmaṇe nālamāsīdityarthaḥ | tatastadbrahma'brāhmaṇo 'smi mametthaṃ kartavyam'iti brāhmaṇajātinimittaṃ karma cikīrṣu-ātmanaḥ karmakartṛtvavibhūtyai śreyorūpaṃ praśastarūpam atyasṛjatātiśayenāsṛjata-sṛṣṭavat | kiṃ punastadyatsṛṣṭam? kṣatraṃ kṣatriyajātiḥ, tadvyaktibhedena pradarśayati-yānyetāni prasiddhāni loke devatrā deveṣu kṣatrāṇīti | jātyākhyāyāṃ pakṣe bahuvacanasmaraṇād vyaktibahutvādvā bhedopacāreṇa bahuvacanam | kāni punastāni? ityāhatatrābhipiktā eva viśeṣato nirdiśyante-indro devānāṃ rājā, varuṇo yādasām, somo brāhmaṇānām, rudraḥ paśūnām, parjanyo vidyudādīnām, yamaḥ pitṝṇām, mṛtyurogādīnām, īśānobhāsām-ityevamādīni deveṣukṣatrāṇi | tadanu, indrādikṣatradevatādhiṣṭhitāni purūravaḥprabhṛtīni sṛṣṭānyeva draṣṭavyāni | tadartha eva hi devakṣatrasargaḥ prastutaḥ | yasmādbrahmaṇātiśayena sṛṣṭaṃ kṣatraṃ tasmātkṣatrātparaṃ nāsti brāhmaṇajāterapi niyansṛ | tasmādbrāhmaṇaḥ kāraṇabhāto 'pi kṣatriyasya kṣatriyamadhastādvyavasthitaḥ sannuparisthitamupāste | kka? rājasūye | kṣatra eva tadātmīyaṃ yaśaḥ khyātirūpaṃ brahmeti dadhāti sthāpayati | rājasūyābhiṣiktenāsandyāṃ sthitena rājñā āmantrito brahmanniti ṛtvikpunastaṃ pratyāha"tvaṃ rājanbrahmāsi"iti | tadetadabhidhīyate -"kṣatra eva tadyaśo dadhāti"iti | saiṣā prakṛtā kṣatrasya yonireva yadbrahma | tasmādyadyati rājā paramatāṃ rājasūyābhiṣekaguṇaṃ gacchatyāpnoti brahmaiva brāhmaṇajātimedha, antato 'nte karmaparisamāptāvupanikṣayatyāśrayati svāṃ yonim, purohitaṃ puro nidhatta ityarthaḥ |
yastu punarbalābhimānātsvāṃ yoniṃ brāhmaṇajātiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ya u enaṃ hinasti hiṃsati nyagbhāvena paśyati, svāmātmāyāmeva sa yonimṛcchati-svaṃ prasavaṃ vicchinatti vināśayati-svaṃ prasavaṃ vicchinatti vināśayati |
sa etatkṛtvā pāpīyānpāpataro bhavati |
pūrvamapi kṣatriyaḥ pāpa eva krūratvādātmaprasavahiṃsayā sutarām |
yathā loke śreyāṃsaṃ praśastataraṃ hiṃsitvā paribhūya pāpataro bhavati tadvat || 11 ||
kṣatre sṛṣṭe 'pi-

sa naiva vyabhavat | sa viśam asṛjata | yāny etāni devajātāni gaṇaśa ākhyāyante vasavo rudrā ādityā viśve devā maruta iti ||

12. He was not strong enough. He created the Vis (people), the classes of Devas which in their different orders are called Vasus, Rudras, Âdityas, Visve Devas, Maruts.

sa naiva vyabhavat, karmaṇe brahma tathā navyabhavat, vittopārjayiturabhāvāt |
sa viśamasṛjata karmasādhanavittopārjanāya |
kaḥ punarasau viṭ? yānyetāni devajātāni-svārthe niṣṭhā, ya ete devajātibhedā ityarthaḥ;gaṇaśo gaṇaṃ gaṇam, ākhyāyante kathyante |
gaṇaprāyā hi viśaḥ, prāyeṇa saṃhatā hi vittopārjane samarthāḥ na ekaikaśaḥ |
vasavaḥ aṣṭasaṅkhyo gaṇaḥ, tathaikādaśa rudrāḥ, dvādaśādityāḥ, viśvedevāsrayodaśa viśvāyā apatyāni, sarve vā devāḥ, marutaḥ sapta sapta gaṇāḥ || 12 ||

sa naiva vyabhavat | sa śaudraṃ varṇam asṛjata pūṣaṇam | iyaṃ vai pūṣā | iyaṃ hīdaṃ sarvaṃ puṣyati yad idaṃ kiñca ||

13. He was not strong enough. He created the Sûdra colour (caste), as Pûshan (as nourisher). This earth verily is Pûshan (the nourisher); for the earth nourishes all this whatsoever.

sa paricārakabhāvātpunarapi naiva vyabhavat, sa śaudraṃ varṇamasṛjata- śūdra eva śaudraḥ, svārthe 'ṇi vṛddhiḥ |
kaḥ punarasau śaudro varṇo yaḥ sṛṣṭaḥ? pūṣaṇam- puṇyatīti pūṣā kaḥ punarasau pūṣā? iti viśeṣatastannirdiśati- iyaṃ pṛthivī pūpā |
svayameva nirvacanamāha- iyaṃ hīdaṃ sarvaṃ puṣyati yadidaṃ kiñca || 13 ||

sa naiva vyabhavat | tac chreyo rūpam atyasṛjata dharmam | tad etat kṣatrasya kṣatraṃ yad dharmaḥ | tasmād dharmāt paraṃ nāsti | atho abalīyān balīyāṃsam āśaṃsate dharmeṇa | yathā rājñaivam | yo vai sa dharmaḥ satyaṃ vai tat | tasmāt satyaṃ vadantam āhur dharmaṃ vadatīti | dharmaṃ vā vadantaṃ satyaṃ vadatīti | etad dhy evaitad ubhayaṃ bhavati ||

14. He was not strong enough. He created still further the most excellent Law (dharma). Law is the Kshatra (power) of the Kshatra, therefore there is nothing higher than the Law. Thenceforth even a weak man rules a stronger with the help of the Law, as with the help of a king. Thus the Law is what is called the true. And if a man declares what is true, they say he declares the Law; and if he declares the Law, they say he declares what is true. Thus both are the same.

sa caturaḥ sṛṣṭvāpi varṇānnaiva vyabhavat, ugratvātkṣatrasyāniyatāśaṅkayā | tacchreyorūpamatyasṛjata, kiṃ tat? dharmam;tadetacchreyorūpaṃ sṛṣṭaṃ kṣatrasya kṣatraṃ kṣatrasyāpi niyantṛ, ugrādapyugram, yaddharmo yo dharmaḥ;tasmātkṣatrasyāpi niyantṛtvāddharmātparaṃ nāsti;tena hi niyamyante sarve | tatkatham? ityucyate- atho apyabalīyāndurbalataro balīyāṃsamātmano balavattaramapyāśaṃsate kāmayate jetuṃ dharmeṇa balena;yathā loke rājñā sarvabalavattamenāpi kuṭumbikaḥ; evam;tasmātsiddhaṃ dharmasya sarvabalavattaratvātsarvaniyantṛtvam | yo vai sa dharmo vyavahāralakṣaṇo laukikairvyavahriyamāṇaḥ satyaṃ vai tat;satyamiti yathāstrārthatā;sa evānuṣṭhīyamāno dharmanāmā bhavati, śāstrārthatvena jñāyamānastu satyaṃ bhavati | yasmādevaṃ tasmātsatyaṃ yathāśāstraṃ vadantaṃ vyavahārakāla āhuḥ samīpasthā ubhayavivekajñāḥ- dharma vadatīti, prasiddhaṃ laukikaṃ nyāyaṃ vadatīti | tathā viparyayeṇa dharma vā laukikaṃ vyavahāraṃ vadantamāhuḥ- satyaṃ vadati, śāstrādanapetaṃ vadatīti | etadyaduktamubhayaṃ jñāyamānamanuṣṭhīyamānaṃ caitaddharma eva bhavati |
tasmātsa dharmo jñānānuṣṭānalakṣaṇaḥ śāstrajñānanitarāṃśca sarvāneva niyamayati |
tasmātsa kṣatrasyāpi kṣatram |
atastadabhimāno 'vidvāṃstadviśeṣānuṣṭhānāya brahmakṣatraviṭśūdranimittaviśeṣamabhimanyate |
tāni ca nisargata eva karmādhikāranimittāni || 14 ||

tad etad brahma kṣatraṃ viṭ śūdraḥ | tad agninaiva deveṣu brahmābhavad brāhmaṇo manuṣyeṣu, kṣatriyeṇa kṣatriyaḥ, vaiśyena vaiśyaḥ, śūdreṇa śūdraḥ | tasmād agnāv eva deveṣu lokam icchante brāhmaṇe manuṣyeṣu | etābhyāṃ hi rūpābhyāṃ brahmābhavat | atha yo ha vā asmāl lokāt svaṃ lokam adṛṣṭvā praiti sa enam avidito na bhunakti yathā vedo vānanūkto 'nyad vā karmākṛtam | yadi ha vā apy anevaṃvin mahatpuṇyaṃ karma karoti tad dhāsyāntataḥ kṣīyata eva | ātmānam eva lokam upāsīta | sa ya ātmānam eva lokam upāste na hāsya karma kṣīyate | asmād dhy evātmano yadyat kāmayate tattat sṛjate ||

15. There are then this Brahman, Kshatra, Vis, and Sûdra. Among the Devas that Brahman existed as Agni (fire) only, among men as Brâhmana, as Kshatriya through the (divine) Kshatriya, as Vaisya through the (divine) Vaisya, as Sûdra through the (divine) Sûdra. Therefore people wish for their future state among the Devas through Agni (the sacrificial fire) only; and among men through the Brâhmana, for in these two forms did Brahman exist. Now if a man departs this life without having seen his true future life (in the Self), then that Self, not being known, does not receive and bless him, as if the Veda had not been read, or as if a good work had not been done. Nay, even if one who does not know that (Self), should perform here on earth some great holy work, it will Perish for him in the end. Let a man worship the Self only as his true state. If a man worships the Self only as his true state, his work does not Perish, for whatever he desires that he gets from that Self.

tadetaccāturvarṇyaṃ sṛṣṭam - brahma kṣatraṃ viṭśūdra iti;uttarārthaṃ upasaṃhāraḥ yattatsraṣṭṛ brahma, tadagninaivanānyena rūpeṇa deveṣu brahma, brāhmaṇajātirabhavat | brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇasvarūpeṇa manuṣyeṣu brahmābhavat, itareṣu varṇeṣu vikārāntaraṃ prāpya, kṣatriyeṇa kṣatriyo 'bhavadindrādidevatādhiṣṭhitaḥ, vaiśyena vaiśyaḥ, śūdreṇa śūdraḥ | yasmātkṣatrādiṣu vikārāpannam, agnau brāhmaṇa e cāvikṛtaṃ sraṣṭṛ brahma, tasmādagnāveva deveṣu devānāṃ madhye lokaṃ karmaphalam, icchantyagnisambaddhaṃ karma kṛtvetyarthaḥ | tadarthameva hi tadbrahma karmādhikaraṇatvenāgnirūpeṇa vyavasthitam | tasmāt tasminnagnau karma kṛtvā tatphalaṃ prārthayanta ityetadupapannam |
brahmaṇe manuṣyeṣu - manuṣyāṇāṃ punarmadhye karmaphalecchāyāṃ nāgnyādinimittakriyāpekṣā, kiṃ tarhi? jātimātrasvarūpapratilambhenaiva puruṣārthasiddhiḥ |
yatra nu devādhīnā puruṣārthasiddhiḥ, tatraivāgnyādisambaddhakriyāpekṣā |
smṛteśca - "japyenaiva tu saṃsidhyedbrāhmaṇo nātra saṃśayaḥ |
kuryādanyanna vā kuryānmaitro brāhmaṇa ucyate ||
" (manu.2 | 87) iti | pārivrājyadarśanācca | tasmādbrahmaṇatva eva manuṣyeṣu lokaṃ karmaphalamicchanti | yasmādetābhyāṃ hi brāhmaṇāgnirūpābhyāṃ karmakartradhikaraṇarūpābhyāṃ yatsraṣṭṛ brahma sākṣādabhavat | atra tu paramātmalokamagnau brāhmaṇe cecchantīti kecit | tadasat, avidyādhikāre karmādhikārārthaṃ varṇavibhāgasya prastutatvāt, pareṇa ca viśeṣaṇāt;yadi hyatra lokaśabdena para evātmocyeta, pareṇa viśeṣaṇamanarthakaṃ syāt'svaṃ lokamadṛṣṭvā'iti | svalokavyatiriktaścedagnyadhīnatayā prārthyamānaḥ prakṛto lokaḥ, tataḥ svam, iti yuktaṃ viśeṣaṇam, prakṛtaparalokanivṛttyarthatvāt;svatvena cāvyabhicārātparamātmalokasya, avidyākṛtānāṃ ca svatvavyabhicārāt | bravīti ca karmakṛtānāṃ vyabhicāram-'kṣīyata eva'iti | brahmaṇā sṛṣṭā varṇāḥ karmārtham;tacca karma dharmākhyaṃ sarvāneva kartavyatayā niyantṛ puruṣārthasādhanaṃ va | tasmāttenaiva cetkarmaṇā svo lokaḥ paramātmākhyo 'vidito 'pi prāpyate, kiṃ tasyaiva padanīyatvena kriyata ityata āha-atheti pūrvapakṣavinivṛttyarthaḥ;yaḥ kaścit, ha vai asmātsaṃsārikāmakarmahetukādagnyadhīnakarmābhimānatayā vā brāhmaṇajātimātrakarmābhimānatayā vā āgantukādasvabhūtāllokāt, svaṃ lokamātmākhyam ātmatvenāvyabhicāritvāt, adṛṣṭā -'ahaṃ brahmāsmi'iti, praiti mriyate;sa yadyapi svo lokaḥ, avidito 'vidyayā vyavahito 'sva ivājñātaḥ enam - saṅkhyāpūraṇa iva laukika ātmānam na bhunakti na pālayati śokamohabhayādidoṣāpanayena | yathā ca loke vedo 'nanukto 'nadhītaḥ karmādyavabodhakatvena na bhunakti, anyadvā laukikaṃ kṛṣyādi karmākṛtaṃ svātmanānabhivyañjitam ātmīyaphalapradānena na bhunakti, evamātmā svo lokaḥ svenaiva nityātmasvarūpeṇānabhivyañjito 'vidyādi prahāṇena na bhunaktyeva | nanu kiṃ svalokadarśananimittaparipālanena? karmaṇaḥ phalaprāptidhrauvyāt, iṣṭaphalanimittasya ca karmaṇo bāhulyāt, tannimittaṃ pālanamakṣayaṃ bhaviṣyati | tanna, kṛtasya kṣayavattvāt;ityetadāha - yadiha vai saṃsāre 'dbhutavatkaścinmahātmāpi, anevaṃvit-svaṃ lokaṃ yathoktena vidhinā avidvān, mahadbahu aśvamedhādi puṇyaṃ karma iṣṭaphalameva nairantaryeṇa karoti,'anenaivānantyaṃ mama bhaviṣyati'iti, tatkarma hāsyāvidyāvato 'vidyājanitakāmahetutvāt svapnadarśanavibhramodbhūtavibhūtivadantato 'nte phalopabhogasya kṣīyata eva | tatkāraṇayoravidyākāmayoścalatvāt, kṛtakṣayaghnauvyopapattiḥ | tasmānna puṇyakarmaphalapālanānantyāśā astyeva | ata ātmānameva svaṃ lokam -'ātmānam'iti'svaṃ lokam'ityasminnarthe, svaṃ lokamiti prakṛtatvāt, iha ca svaśabdasyāprayogāt - upāsīta | sa ya ātmānameva lokamupāste, tasya kim? ityucyate - na hāsya karma kṣīyate;karmābhāvādeva, iti nityānuvādaḥ | yathāviduṣaḥ karmakṣayalakṣaṇaṃ saṃsāraduḥkhaṃ santatameva,na tathā tadasya vidyata ityarthaḥ | "mithilāyāṃ pradīptāyāṃ na me dahyati kiñcana"iti yadvat | svātmalokopāsakasya viduṣo vidyāsaṃyogātkarmaiva na kṣīyata ityapare varṣayanti | lokaśabdārthaṃ ca karmasamavāyinaṃ dvidhā parikalpayanti kila eko vyākṛtāvasthā karmāśrayo loko hairaṇyagarbhākhyaḥ, taṃ karmasamavāyinaṃ lokaṃ vyākṛtaṃ paricchinnaṃ ya upāste, tasya kila paricchinnaṃ ya upāste, tasya kila paricchinnakarmātmadarśinaḥ karma kṣīyate | tameva karmasamavāyinaṃ lokamavyākṛtāvasthaṃ kāraṇarūpamāpādya yastūpāste, tasyāparicchinnakarmātmadarśitvāttasya yastūpāste, tasyāparicchinnakarmātmadarśitvāttasya karma na kṣīyata iti | bhavatīyaṃ śobhanā kalpanā na tu śrautī | svalokaśabdena prakṛtasya paramātmano 'bhihitatvāt | svaṃ lokamiti prastutya svaśabdaṃ vihāyātmaśabdaprakṣepeṇa punastasyaiva pratinirdeśādātmānameva lokamupāsīteti | tatra karmasamavāyilokakalpanāyā anavasara eva | pareṇa ca kevalavidyāviṣayeṇa viśeṣaṇāt -"kiṃ prajayā kariṣyāmo yeṣāṃ no 'yamātmāyaṃ lokaḥ"(bṛ.u.4 | 4 | 22) ithi | putrakarmāparavidyākṛtebhyo hi lokebhyo viśinaṣṭi'ayamātmā no lokaḥ'iti | "na hāsya kenacana karmaṇā loko mīyata eṣo 'sya paramo lokaḥ"iti ca | taiḥ saviśeṣaṇairasyaikavākyatā yuktā, ihāpi svaṃ lokamiti viśeṣaṇadarśanāt | asmātkāmayata ityayuktamiti cet - iha svo lokaḥ paramātmā, tadupāsanātsa eva bhavatīti sthite, yadyatkāmayate tattadasmādātmanaḥ sṛjata ithi tadātmaprāptivyatirekeṇa phalavacanamayuktamiti cet, na;svalokopāsanastutiparatvat svasmādeva lokātsarvamiṣṭaṃ sampadyata ityarthaḥ;nānyadataḥ prārthanīyamāptakāmatvāt,"ātmataḥ prāṇa ātmata āśā" (chā.u.7 | 23 | 1) ityādi śrutyantare yathā |
sarvātmabhāvapradarśanārtho vā pūrvavat |
yadi hi para evātmā sampadyate tadā yuktaḥ asmāddhyevātmanaḥ ityātmaśabdaprayogaḥ, svasmādeva prakṛtādātmano lokādityevamarthaḥ |
anyathā'avyākṛtāvasthātkarmaṇo lokāt'iti saviśeṣaṇamavakṣyāt prakṛtaparamātmalokavyāvṛttaye vyākṛtāvasthāvyāvṛttaye ca |
na hyasminprakṛte viśeṣite 'śrutāntarālāvasthāpratipattuṃ śakyate || 15 ||
atho ayaṃ vā ātmā | atrāvidvān varṇāśramādyabhimāno dharmeṇa niyamyamāno devādikarmakartavyatayā paśuvatparatantra ityuktam | kāni punastāni karmāṇi yatkartavyatayā paśuvatparatantro bhavati? ke vā te devādayo yeṣāṃ karmabhiḥ paśuvadupakaroti? iti tadubhayaṃ prapañcayati-

atho ayaṃ vā ātmā sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ lokaḥ | sa yaj juhoti yad yajate tena devānāṃ lokaḥ | atha yad anubrūte tena ṛṣīṇām | atha yat pitṛbhyo nipṛṇāti yat prajām icchate tena pitṝṇām | atha yan manuṣyān vāsayate yad ebhyo 'śanaṃ dadāti tena manuṣyāṇām | atha yat paśubhyas tṛṇodakaṃ vindati tena paśūnām | yad asya gṛheṣu śvāpadā vayāṃsy ā pipīlikābhya upajīvanti tena teṣāṃ lokaḥ | yathā ha vai svāya lokāyāriṣṭim icchet | evaṃ haivaṃvide sarvadā sarvāṇi bhūtāny ariṣṭim icchanti | tad vā etad viditaṃ mīmāṃsitam ||

16. Now verily this Self (of the ignorant man) is the world of all creatures. In so far as man sacrifices and pours out libations, he is the world of the Devas; in so far as he repeats the hymns, &c., he is the world of the Rishis; in so far as he offers cakes to the Fathers and tries to obtain offspring, he is the world of the Fathers; in so far as he gives shelter and food to men, he is the world of men; in so far as he finds fodder and water for the animals, he is the world of the animals; in so far as quadrupeds, birds, and even ants live in his houses, he is their world. And as every one wishes his own world not to be injured, thus all beings wish that he who knows this should not be injured. Verily this is known and has been well reasoned.

atho ityayaṃ vākyopanyāsārthaḥ | ayaṃ yaḥ prakṛto gṛhī karmādhikṛto 'vidvāñcharīrendriyasaṅghātādiviśiṣṭaḥ piṇḍa ātmetyucyate;sarveṣāṃ varṇāśramādivihitaiḥ karmabhirupakāritvāt | kaiḥ punaḥ karmaviśeṣairupakurvan keṣāṃ bhūtaviśeṣāṇāṃ lokaḥ? ityucyate - sa gṛhī yajjuhoti yadyajate, yāgo devatāmuddiśya svatvaparityāgaḥ, sa eva parityāgaḥ, sa eva āsecanādhiko homaḥ tena homayāgalakṣaṇena karmaṇāvaśyakartavyatvena devānāṃ paśuvatparatantratvena pratibaddha iti lokaḥ | atha yadanubrūte svādhyāyamadhīte 'harahastena ṛṣīṇāṃ lokaḥ |
atha yatpitṛbhyo nipṛṇāti prayacchati piṇḍodakādi, yacca prajāmicchati prajārthamudyamaṃ karoti - icchā cotpattyupalakṣaṇārthā - prajāṃ cotpādayatītyarthaḥ, tena karmaṇāvaśyakartavyatvena pitṛṇāṃ bhogyatvena paratantro lokaḥ |
atha yanmanuṣyānvāsayate gṛhe, yacca tebhyo vasadbhyo 'vasadbhyo vā arthibhyo 'śanaṃ dadāti, tena manuṣyāṇām;atha yatpaśubhyastṛṇodakaṃ vindati lambhayati, tena paśūnām;yadasya gṛheṣu śvāpadā vayāṃsi ca pipīlikābhiḥ saha kaṇabalibhāṇḍakṣālanādyupajīvanti, tena teṣāṃ lokaḥ |
yasmādayametāni karmāṇi kurvannupakaroti devādibhyaḥ, tasmādyathā ha vai loke svāpya lokāya svasmai dehāyāriṣṭamavināśaṃ svatvabhāvāpracyutimicchet svatvabhāvapracyutibhayātpoṣaṇarakṣaṇādibhiḥ sarvataḥ paripālayet, evaṃ haivaṃvide'sarvabhūtabhogyo 'hamanena prakāreṇa mayā avaśyamṛṇivatpratikartavyam'ityevamātmānaṃ parikalpitavate sarvāṇi bhūtāni devādīni yathoktāni ariṣṭimavināśamicchanti svatvāpracyutyai sarvataḥ saṃrakṣanti kuṭumbina iva paśūn -"tasmādeṣāṃ tanna priyam"ityuktam |
tadvā etattadetadyathoktānāṃ karmaṇām ṛṇavadavaśyakartavyatvaṃ pañcamahāyajñaprakaraṇe viditaṃ kartavyatayā mīmāṃsitaṃ vicāritaṃ cāvadānaprakaraṇe || 16 ||
brahma vidvāṃścettasmātpaśubhāvātkartavyatābandhanarūpātpratimucyate, kenāyaṃ kāritaḥ karmavandhanādhikāre 'vaśa iva pravartate, na punastadvimokṣṇopāye vidyādhikāra iti nanūktaṃ devā rakṣantīti | bāḍham, karmādhikārasvagocarārūḍhāneva te 'pi rakṣanti, anyathākṛtābhyāgamakṛtanāśaprasaṅgāt | na tu sāmānyaṃ puruṣamātraṃ viśiṣṭādhikārānārūḍham;tasmādbhavitavyaṃ tena, yena prerito 'vaśa eva bahirmukho bhavati svasmāllokāt | nanvavidyāsā, avidyāvānihi bahirmukhībhūtaḥ pravartate | sāpi naiva pravartikā;vastusvarūpāvarṇātmikā hi sā;pravartakabījatvaṃ tu pratipadyate 'ndhatvamiva gartādipatanapravṛttihetuḥ | evaṃ tarhyucyatāṃ kiṃ tad yatpravṛttiheturiti? tadihābhidhīyate - eṣaṇā kāmaḥ saḥ ,'svābhāvikyāmavidyāyāṃ vartamānā bālāḥ parācaḥ kāmānanuyanti'iti kāṭhakaśrutau, smṛtau ca -"kāma eṣa krodha eṣaḥ"(gītā 3 | 37) ityādi, mānave ca sarvā pravṛttiḥ kāmahetukyeveti | sa eṣor'thaḥ savistaraḥ pradarśyata iha ā adhyāyaparisamāpteḥ -

ātmaivedam agra āsīd eka eva | so 'kāmayata jāyā me syād atha prajāyeya | atha vittaṃ me syād atha karma kurvīyeti | etāvān vai kāmaḥ | necchaṃś canāto bhūyo vindet | tasmād apy etarhy ekākī kāmayate -- jāyā me syād atha prajāyeyātha vittaṃ me syād atha karma kurvīyeti | sa yāvad apy eteṣām ekaikaṃ na prāpnoty akṛtsna eva tāvan manyate | tasyo kṛtsnatā | mana evāsyātmā | vāg jāyā | prāṇaḥ prajā | cakṣur mānuṣaṃ vittam | cakṣuṣā hi tad vindate | śrotraṃ daivam | śrotreṇa hi tac chṛṇoti | ātmaivāsya karma | ātmanā hi karma karoti | sa eṣa pāṅkto yajñaḥ | pāṅktaḥ paśuḥ | pāṅktaḥ puruṣaḥ | pāṅktam idaṃ sarvaṃ yad idaṃ kiñca | tad idaṃ sarvam āpnoti ya evaṃ veda ||

17. In the beginning this was Self alone, one only. He desired, 'Let there be a wife for me that I may have offspring, and let there be wealth for me that I may offer sacrifices.' Verily this is the whole desire, and, even if wishing for more, he would not find it. Therefore now also a lonely person desires, 'Let there be a wife for me that I may have offspring, and let there be wealth for me that I may offer sacrifices.' And so long as he does not obtain either of these things, he thinks he is incomplete. Now his completeness (is made up as follows): mind is his self (husband); speech the wife; breath the child; the eye all worldly wealth, for he finds it with the eye; the ear his divine wealth, for he hears it with the ear. The body (âtman) is his work, for with the body he works. This is the fivefold sacrifice, for fivefold is the animal, fivefold man, fivefold all this whatsoever. He who knows this, obtains all this.

ātmaivedamagra āsīt | ātmaiva svābhāviko 'vidvānkāryakaraṇasaṅghātalakṣaṇo varṇī, agre prāgdārasambandhāt,ātmetyabhidhīyate;tasmādātmanaḥ pṛthagbhūtaṃ kāmyamānaṃ jāyādibhedarūpaṃ nāsīt;sa evaika āsīt - jāyādyeṣaṇābījabhūtā vidyāvāneka evāsīt | svābhāvikyā svātmani kartrādikārakakriyāphalātmakatādhyāropalakṣaṇayā avidyāvāsanayā vāsitaḥ so 'kāmayata kāmitavān | katham? jāyā karmādhikārahetubhūtā me mama kartuḥ syāt;tayā vināhamanadhikṛta eva karmaṇi;ataḥ karmādhikārasampattaye bhavejjāyā;athāhaṃ prajāyeya prajārūpeṇāhamevotpadyeya | atha vittaṃ me syātkarmasādhanaṃ gavādilakṣaṇam athāhamabhyudayaniḥśreyasasādhanaṃ karma kurvīya;yenāhamanṛṇī bhūtvā devādīnāṃ lokān prāpnuyām, tatkarma kurvīya;kāmyāni ca putravittasvargādisādhanāni | etāvānvai kāma etāvadviṣayaparicchinna ityarthaḥ | etāvāneva hi kāmayitavyo viṣayo yaduta jāyāputravittakarmāṇi sādhanalakṣaṇaiṣaṇā;lokāśca trayo manuṣyalokaḥ pitṛloko devaloka iti phalabhūtāḥ sādhanaiṣaṇā, tasmātsā ekaivaiṣaṇā yā lokaiṣaṇā | saikaiva satyeṣaṇā sādhanāpekṣeti dvidhā;ato 'vadhārayiṣyati"ubhe hyete eṣaṇe eva"3 | 5 | 1) iti | phalārthatvātsarvārambhasya lokaiṣaṇārthaprāptā uktaiveti | etāvānvā etāvāneva kāma ityavadhriyate | bhojane 'bhihite tṛptirna hi pṛthagabhidheyā, tadarthatvādbhojanasya | te ete eṣaṇe sādhyasādhanalakṣaṇe kāmaḥ, yena prayukto 'vidvānavaśa eva kośakāravadātmānaṃ veṣṭayati - karmamārga evātmānaṃ praṇidadhadbahirmukhībhūto na svaṃ lokaṃ pratijānāti | tathā ca taittirīyake -"agnimugdho haiva dhūmatāntaḥ svaṃ lokaṃ na pratijānāti"iti | kathaṃ punaretāvattvamavadhāryate kāmānām? anantatvāt | anantā hi kāmāḥ, ityetadāśaṅkya hetumāha - yasmād na icchan ca na icchannapi, ato 'smātphalasādhanalakṣaṇād bhūyo 'dhikāraṃ na vindenna labheta | na hi loke phalasādhanavyatiriktaṃ dṛṣṭamadṛṣṭaṃ vā labdhavyamasti | labdhavyaviṣayo hi kāmaḥ, tasya caitadvyatirekeṇābhāvāt yuktaṃ vaktum'etāvānvai kāmaḥ'iti | etaduktaṃ bhavati - dṛṣṭārthamadṛṣṭārtha vā sādhyasādhanalakṣaṇam avidyāvatpuruṣādhikāraviṣayameṣaṇādvayaṃ kāmaḥ, ato 'smādviduṣā vyutthātavyamiti | yasmādevamavidvānātmā kāmo pūrvaṃ kāmayāmāsa, tathā pūrvataro 'pi, eṣā lokasthitiḥ prajāpateścaivameṣa sargaṃ āsīt | so 'bibhedavidyayā, tataḥ kāmaprayukta ekākyaramamāṇo 'styupaghātāya striyamaicchat, tāṃ samabhavat tataḥ sargo 'yamāsīditi hyuktam | tasmāttatsṛṣṭau etarhyetasminnapi kāla ekākī sanprāgdārakriyātaḥ kāmayate - jāyā me syāt, atha prajāyeya atha vittaṃ me syāt, atha karma kurvīya - ityuktārthaṃ vākyam | sa evaṃ kāmayamānaḥ sampādayaṃśca jāyādīnyāvatsa eteṣāṃ yathoktānāṃ jāyādīnāmekaikamapi na prāpnoti, akṛtsno 'sampūrṇo 'hamityevaṃ tāvadātmānaṃ manyate | pāriśeṣyātsamastānevaitānsampādayati yadā, tadā tasya kṛtsnatā | yadā tu na śaknoti kṛtsnatāṃ sampādayituṃ tadā asya kṛtsnatvasampādanāyāha - tasyo tasyākṛtsnatvabhimāninaḥ kṛtsnatā iyam evaṃ bhavati katham? ayaṃ kāryakaraṇasaṅghātaḥ pravibhajyate;tatra mano 'nuvṛtti hi itaratsarvaṃ kāryakaraṇajñātamiti manaḥ pradhānatvājātmevātmā | yathā jāyādīnāṃ kuṭumbapatirātmeva tadanukāritvāñjāyādi catuṣṭyasya;evamihāpi mana ātmā parikalpate kṛtsnatāyai | tathā vāgjāyā, mano 'nuvṛttitvasāmānyādvācaḥ | vāgiti śabdaścodanādilakṣaṇaḥ, manasā śrotradvāreṇa gṛhyate 'vadhāryate prasṛjyate ca, iti manaso jāyeva vāk | tābhyāṃ ca vāṅmanasābhyāṃ jāyāpatisthānīyābhyāṃ prasūyate prāṇaḥ karmārtham, iti prāṇaḥ prajeva | tatra prāṇaceṣṭādilakṣaṇaṃ karma cakṣurmānuṣaṃ vittam | tad dvividhaṃ vittaṃ mānuṣamitaracca;ato viśinaṣṭītaravittanivṛttyartha mānuṣamiti | gavādi hi manuṣyasambandhi vittaṃ cakṣurgrāhyaṃ karmasādhanam;tasmāttatsthānīyam, tena sambandhāccakṣurgrāhyaṃ vittam;cakṣuṣā hi yasmāttanmānuṣaṃ vittaṃ vindate gavādyupalabhata ityarthaḥ | kiṃ punaritaradvittam? śrotraṃ daivaṃ devaviṣayatvādvijñānasya | vijñānaṃ daivaṃ vittam;tadiha śrotrameva sampattiviṣayam | kasmāt? śrotreṇa hi yasmāttaddaivaṃ vittaṃ vijñānaṃ śṛṇoti;ataḥ śrotrameva taditi | kiṃ punaretairātmādivittāntairiha nirvartya karma? ityucyate - ātmaiva - ātmeti śarīramucyate | kathaṃ punarātmā karmasthānīyaḥ? asya karmahetutvāt | kathaṃ karmahetutvam? ātmanā hi śarīreṇa yataḥ karma karoti | tasyākṛtsnatvābhimānina evaṃ kṛtsnatā sampannā - yathā bāhyā jāyādilakṣaṇā evam | tasmātsa eṣa pāṅktaḥ pañcabhirnirvṛttaḥ pāṅkto yajño darśanamātranirvṛtto 'karmiṇo 'pi |
kathaṃ punarasya pañcatvasampattimātreṇa yajñatvam? ucyate - yasmādbāhyo 'pi yajñaḥ paśupuruṣasādhyaḥ, sa ca paśuḥ puruṣaśca pāṅkta eva yathoktamanaādipañcatvayogāt |
tadāha - pāṅktaḥ paśugarvādiḥ, pāṅktaḥ puruṣaḥ paśutve 'pyadhikṛtatvenāsya viśeṣaḥ puruṣasyeti pṛthakpuruṣagrahaṇam |
kiṃ bahunā? pāṅktamidaṃ sarvaṃ karmasādhanaṃ phalaṃ ca, yadidaṃ kiñca yatkiñcididaṃ sarvam |
evaṃ pāṅktaṃ yajñamātmānaṃ yaḥ sampādayat sa tadidaṃ sarvaṃ jagadātmatvenāpnoti ya evaṃ veda || 17 ||
iti prathamādhyāye caturthaṃ sṛṣṭyādisarvātmatābrāhmaṇam || 4 ||
yatsaptānnāni medhayā | avidyā prastutā, tatrāvidvānanyāṃ devatāmupāste'anyo 'sāvanyo 'hamasmi'iti | sa varṇāśramābhimānaḥ karmakartavyatayā niyato juhotyādikarmabhiḥ kāmaprayukto devādīnāmupakurvansarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ loka ityuktam | yathā ca svakarmabhirekaikena sarvairbhūtairasau loko bhojyatvena sṛṣṭaḥ, evamasāvapi juhotyādipāṅktakarmabhiḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni sarvaṃ ca jagadātmabhojyatvenāsṛjat | evamekaikaḥ svakarmavidyānurūpyeṇa sarvasya jagato bhoktā bhojyaṃ ca, sarvasya sarvaḥ kartā kāryaṃ cetyarthaḥ | etadeva ca vidyāprakaraṇe madhuvidyāyāṃ vakṣyāmaḥ -'sarvaṃ sarvasya kāryaṃ madhu'ityātmaikatvavijñānārtham | yadasau juhotītyādinā pāṅktena kāmyena karmaṇā ātmabhojyatvena jagadasṛjata vijñānena ca, tajjagatsarvaṃ saptadhā pravibhajyamānaṃ kāryakāraṇatvena saptānnānyucyante, bhojyatvāt;tenāsau pitā teṣāmannānām | eteṣāmannānāṃ saviniyogānāṃ sūtrabhūtāḥ saṅkṣepataḥ prakāśakatvādime mantrāḥ |

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