Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣat

Complete text

sa yaḥ kāmayeta -- mahat prāpnuyām ity udagayana āpūryamāṇapakṣasya puṇyāhe dvādaśāham upasadvratī bhūtvaudumbare kaṃse camase vā sarvauṣadhaṃ phalānīti saṃbhṛtya parisamuhya parilipyāgnim upasamādhāya paristīryāvṛtājyaṃ saṃskṛtya puṃsā nakṣatreṇa manthaṃ saṃnīya juhoti -- yāvanto devās tvayi jātavedas tiryañco ghnanti puruṣasya kāmān | tebhyo 'haṃ bhāgadheyaṃ juhomi te mā tṛptāḥ sarvaiḥ kāmais tarpayantu svāhā | yā tiraścī nipadyase 'haṃ vidharaṇī iti | tāṃ tvā ghṛtasya dhārayā yaje saṃrādhanīm ahaṃ svāhā ||

THIRD BRÂHMANA
1. If a man wishes to reach greatness (wealth for performing sacrifices), he performs the upasad rule during twelve days (i. e. he lives on small quantities of milk), beginning on an auspicious day of the light half of the moon during the northern progress of the sun, collecting at the same time in a cup or a dish made of Udumbara wood all sorts of herbs, including fruits. He sweeps the floor (near the house-altar, âvasathya), sprinkles it, lays the fire, spreads grass round it according to rule, prepares the clarified butter (âgya), and on a day, presided over by a male star (nakshatra), after having properly mixed the Mantha (the herbs, fruits, milk, honey, &c.), he sacrifices (he pours âgya into the fire), saying: 'O Gâtavedas, whatever adverse gods there are in thee, who defeat the desires of men, to them I offer this portion; may they, being pleased, please me with all desires.' Svâhâ! 'That cross deity who lies down, thinking that all things are kept asunder by her, I worship thee as propitious with this stream of ghee.' Svâhâ!

sa yaḥ kāmayeta | jñānakarmaṇorgatiruktā | tatra jñānaṃ svatantraṃ karma tu daivamānuṣavittadvayāyattaṃ tena karmārthaṃ vittamupārjanīyam | taccāpratyavāyakāriṇopāyeneti tadarthaṃ manthākhyaṃ karmā'rabhyate mahattvaprāptaye | mahattve ca satyarthasiddhaṃ hi vittam | taducyate-sa yaḥ kāmayeta sa yo vittārthī karmaṇyadhikṛto yaḥ kāmayeta | kim | mahanmahattvaṃ prāpnuyāṃ mahānsyāmitītyarthaḥ | tatra manthakarmaṇo vidhitsitasya kālo 'bhidhīyate-udagayana ādityasya tatra sarvatra prāptāvāpūryamāṇapakṣasya śuklapakṣasya | tatrāpi sarvatra prāptau puṇyāhe 'nukūla ātmanaḥ karmasiddhikara ityarthaḥ | dvādaśāhaṃ yasminpuṇye 'nukūle karma cikīrṣati tataḥ prākpuṇyāhamevā'rabhya dvādaśāhamupasadvratī | upasatsu vratamupasadaḥ prasiddhā jyotiṣṭome | tatra ca stanopacayāpacayadvāreṇa payobhakṣaṇaṃ tadvratam | atra ca tatkarmānupasaṃhārātkevalamitikartavyatāśūnyaṃ payobhakṣaṇamātramupādīyate | nanūpasado vratamiti yadā vigrahastadā sarvamitikartavyatārūpaṃ grāhyaṃ bhavati tatkasmānna parigṛhyata iti | ucyate-smārtatvātkarmaṇaḥ | smārtaṃ hīdaṃ manthakarma | nanu śrutivihitaṃ satkathaṃ smārtaṃ bhavitumarhati | smṛtyanuvādinīhi śrutiriyam | śrautatve hi prakṛtivikārabhāvastataśca prākṛtadharmagrāhitvaṃ vikārakarmaṇo na tviha śrautatvam | ata eva cā'vasathyāgnāvetatkarma vidhīyate | sarvā cā'vṛtsmārtaiveti | upasadvratī bhūtvā payovratī sannītyarthaḥ | audumbara udumbaravṛkṣamaye kaṃse camase vā tasyaiva viśeṣaṇaṃ kaṃsākāre camasākāre vaudumbara eva | ākāre tu vikalpo naudumbaratve | etra sarvauṣadhaṃ sarvāsāmoṣadhīnāṃ samūhaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ yathāśakti ca sarvā oṣadhīḥ samāhṛtya tatra grāmyāṇāṃ tu daśa niyamena grāhyā vrīhiyavādyā vakṣyamāṇāḥ | adhikagrahaṇe tu na doṣaḥ | grāmyāṇāṃ phalāni ca yathāsambhavaṃ yathāśakti ca | itiśabdaḥ samastasambhāropacayapradarśanārthaḥ | anyadapi yatsambharaṇīyaṃ tatsarvaṃ saṃbhṛtyetyarthaḥ | kramastatra gṛhyokto draṣṭavyaḥ | parisamūhanaparilepane bhūmisaṃskāraḥ | agnimupasamādhāyeti vacanādāvasathye 'gnāviti gamyate |
ekavacanādupasamādhānaśravaṇācca |
vidyamānasyaivopasamādhānam |
paristīrya darbhānāvṛtā smārtatvātkarmaṇaḥ sthālīpākāvṛtparigṛhyate |
tayā'jyaṃ saṃskṛtya puṃsā nakṣatreṇa puṃnāmnā nakṣatreṇa puṇyāhasaṃyuktena manthaṃ sarvauṣadhaphalapiṣṭaṃ tatraudumbare camase dadhani madhuni ghṛte copasicyaikayopamanthanyopamaṃmathya saṃnīya madhye saṃsthāpyaudumbareṇa sruveṇā'vāpasthāna ājyasya juhotyetairmantrairyāvanto devā ityādyaiḥ || 1 ||

jyeṣṭhāya svāhā śreṣṭhāya svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | prāṇāya svāhā vasiṣṭhāyai svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | vāce svāhā pratiṣṭhāyai svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | cakṣuṣe svāhā saṃpade svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | śrotrāya svāhāyatanāya svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | manase svāhā prajātyai svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | retase svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati ||

2. He then says, Svâhâ to the First, Svâhâ to the Best, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to Breath, Svâhâ to her who is the richest, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to Speech, Svâhâ to the Support, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to the Eye, Svâhâ to Success, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to the Ear, Svâhâ to the Home, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to the Mind, Svâhâ to Offspring, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to Seed, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar).

agnaye svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | somāya svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | bhūḥ svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | bhuvaḥ svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | svaḥ svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | bhūr bhuvaḥ svaḥ svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | brahmaṇe svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | kṣatrāya svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | bhūtāya svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | bhaviṣyate svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | viśvāya svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | sarvāya svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati | prajāpataye svāhety agnau hutvā manthe saṃsravam avanayati ||

3. He then says, Svâhâ to Agni (fire), pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to Soma, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Bhûh (earth), Svâhâ, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Bhuvah (sky), Svâhâ, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svah (heaven), Svâhâ, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Bhûr, Bhuvah, Svah, Svâhâ, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to Brahman (the priesthood), pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to Kshatra (the knighthood), pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to the Past, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to the Future, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to the Universe, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to all things, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar). He then says, Svâhâ to Pragâpati, pours ghee into the fire, and throws what remains into the Mantha (mortar).

jyeṣṭhāya svāhā śreṣṭhāya svāhetyārabhya dve dve āhutī hutvā manthe saṃsravamavanayati |
sruvāvalepanamājyaṃ manthe saṃsrāvayati |
etasmādeva jyeṣṭhāya śreṣṭhāyetyādiprāṇaliṅgājjyeṣṭhaśreṣṭhādiprāṇavida evāsminkarmaṇyadhikāraḥ |
retasa ityārambhaikaikāmāhutiṃ hutvā manthe saṃsravamavanayatyaparayopamanthanyā punarmathnāti ||2-3 ||

athainam abhimṛśati -- bhramad asi | jvalad asi | pūrṇam asi | prastabdham asi | ekasabham asi | hiṅkṛtam asi | hiṅkriyamānam asi | udgītham asi | udgīyamānam asi | śrāvitam asi | pratyāśrāvitam asi | ārdre saṃdīptam asi | vibhūr asi | prabhūr asi | annam asi | jyotir asi | nidhanam asi | saṃvargo 'sīti ||

4. Then he touches it (the Mantha, which is dedicated to Prâna, breath), saying: 'Thou art fleet (as breath). Thou art burning (as fire). Thou art full (as Brahman). Thou art firm (as the sky). Thou art the abode of all (as the earth). Thou hast been saluted with Hiṅ (at the beginning of the sacrifice by the prastotri). Thou art saluted with Hiṅ (in the middle of the sacrifice by the prastotri). Thou hast been sung (by the udgâtri at the beginning of the sacrifice). Thou art sung (by the udgâtri in the middle of the sacrifice). Thou hast been celebrated (by the adhvaryu at the beginning of the sacrifice). Thou art celebrated again (by the âgnîdhra in the middle of the sacrifice). Thou art bright in the wet (cloud). Thou art great. Thou art powerful. Thou art food (as Soma). Thou art light (as Agni, fire, the eater). Thou art the end. Thou art the absorption (of all things).'

athainamabhimṛśati bhramadasītyanena mantreṇa || 4 ||

athainam udyacchaty āmaṃsy āmaṃ hi te mahi | sa hi rājeśāno 'dhipatiḥ | sa māṃ rājeśano 'dhipatiṃ karotv iti ||

5. Then he holds it (the Mantha) forth, saying 'Thou knowest all, we know thy greatness. He is indeed a king, a ruler, the highest lord. May that king, that ruler make me the highest lord.'

athainamucchati saha pātreṇa haste gṛhṇātyāmaṃsyāmaṃhi te mahītyanena || 5 ||

athainam ācāmati -- tat savitur vareṇyam | madhu vātā ṛtāyate madhu kṣaranti sindhavaḥ | mādhvīr naḥ santv oṣadhīḥ | bhūḥ svāhā | bhargo devasya dhīmahi madhu naktam utoṣaso madhumat pārthivaṃ rajaḥ | madhu dyaur astu naḥ pitā | bhuvaḥ svāhā | dhiyo yo naḥ pracodayāt | madhumān no vanaspatir madhumāṃ astu sūryaḥ | mādhvīr gavo bhavantu naḥ | svaḥ svāhā | sarvāṃ ca sāvitrīm anvāha | sarvāś ca madhumatīr aham evedaṃ sarvaṃ bhūyāsaṃ bhūr bhuvaḥ svaḥ svāheti antata ācamya pāṇī prakṣālya jaghanenāgniṃ prākśirāḥ saṃviśati | prātar ādityam upatiṣṭhate | diśām ekapuṇḍarīkam asi | ahaṃ manuṣyāṇām ekapuṇḍarīkaṃ bhūyāsam iti | yathetam etya jaghanenāgnim āsīno vaṃśaṃ japati ||

6. Then he eats it, saying: 'Tat savitur varenyam (We meditate on that adorable light)--The winds drop honey for the righteous, the rivers drop honey, may our plants be sweet as honey! Bhûh (earth) Svâhâ! 'Bhargo devasya dhîmahi (of the divine Savitri)--May the night be honey in the morning, may the air above the earth, may heaven, our father, be honey! Bhuvah (sky) Svâhâ!' 'Dhiyo yo nah prokodayât (who should rouse our thoughts)--May the tree be full of honey, may the sun be full of honey, may our cows be sweet like honey! Svah (heaven) Svâhâ!' He repeats the whole Sâvitrî verse, and all the verses about the honey, thinking, May I be all this! Bhûr, Bhuvah, Svah, Svâhâ! Having thus swallowed all, he washes his hands, and sits down behind the altar, turning his head to the East. In the morning he worships Âditya (the sun), with the hymn, 'Thou art the best lotus of the four quarters, may I become the best lotus among men.' Then returning as he came, he sits down behind the altar and recites the genealogical list.

athainamācāmati bhakṣayati gāyatryāḥ prathamapādena madhumatyaikayā vyāhṛtyā ca prathamayā prathamagrāsamācāmati | tathā gāyatrīdvitīyapādena madhumatyā dvitīyayā dvitīya yā ca vyahṛtyā dvitīyaṃ grāsam | tathā tṛtīyena gāyatrīpādena tṛtīyayā madhumatyā tṛtīyayā ca vyāhṛtyā tṛtīyaṃ grāsam | sarvāṃ sāvitrīṃ sarvāśca madhumatīruktvāhamevedaṃ sarvaṃ bhūyāsamiti cānte bhūrbhavaḥ svaḥ svāheti samastaṃ bhaśrayati | yathā caturbhirgrāsaistaddravyaṃ sarvaṃ parisamāpyate tathā pūrvameva nirupyet |
yatpātrāvaliptaṃ tatpātraṃ sarvaṃ nirṇijya tūṣṇīṃ pivet |
pāṇī prakṣālyāpa ācamya jaghanenāgniṃ paścādagneḥ prākśirāḥ saṃviśati |
prātaḥ saṃdhyāmupāsyā'dityamupatiṣṭhate diśāmekapuṇḍarīkamityanena mantreṇa |
yathetaṃ yathāgatametyā'gatya jaghanenāgnimāsīno vaṃśaṃ japati || 6 ||

taṃ haitam uddālaka āruṇir vājasaneyāya yājñavalkyāyāntevāsina uktvovāca -- api ya enaṃ śuṣke sthāṇau niṣiñcej jāyerañ chākhāḥ praroheyuḥ palāśānīti ||

7. Uddâlaka Âruni told this (Mantha-doctrine) to his pupil Vâgasaneya Yâgñavalkya, and said: 'If a man were to pour it on a dry stick, branches would grow, and leaves spring forth.'

etam u haiva vājasaneyo yājnavalkyo madhukāya paiṅgyāyāntevāsina uktvovāca -- api ya enaṃ śuṣke sthāṇau niṣiñcej jāyerañ chākhāḥ praroheyuḥ palāśānīti ||

8. Vâgasaneya Yâgñavalkya told the same to his pupil Madhuka Paiṅgya, and said: 'If a man were to pour it on a dry stick, branches would grow, and leaves spring forth.'

etam u haiva madhukaḥ paiṅgyaś cūlāya bhāgavittaye 'ntevāsina uktvovāca -- api ya enaṃ śuṣke sthāṇau niṣiñcej jāyerañ chākhāḥ praroheyuḥ palāśānīti ||

9. Madhuka Paiṅgya told the same to his pupil Kûla Bhâgavitti, and said: 'If a man were to pour it on a dry stick, branches would grow, and leaves spring forth.'

etam u haiva cūlo bhāgavittir jānakaya āyaḥsthūṇāyāntevāsina uktvovāca -- api ya enaṃ śuṣke sthāṇau niṣiñcej jāyerañ chākhāḥ praroheyuḥ palāśānīti ||

10. Kûla Bhâgavitti told the same to his pupil Gânaki Âyasthûna, and said: 'If a man were to pour it on a dry stick, branches would grow, and leaves spring forth.'

etam u haiva jānakir āyasthūṇaḥ satyakāmāya jābālāyāntevāsina uktvovāca -- api ya enaṃ śuṣke sthāṇau niṣiñcej jāyerañ chākhāḥ praroheyuḥ palāśānīti ||

11. Gânaki Âyasthûna told the same to his pupil Satyakâma Gâbâla, and said: 'If a man were to pour it on a dry stick, branches would grow, and leaves spring forth.'

etam u haiva satyakāmo jābālo 'ntevāsibhya uktvova -- acāpi ya enaṃ śuṣke sthāṇau niṣiñcej jāyerañ chākhāḥ praroheyuḥ palāśānīti | tam etaṃ nāputrāya vānantevāsine vā brūyāt ||

12. Satyakâma Gâbâla told the same to his pupils, and said: 'If a man were to pour it on a dry stick, branches would grow, and leaves spring forth.' Let no one tell this to any one, except to a son or to a pupil.

taṃ haitamuddālaka ityādi satyakāmo jābālo 'ntevāsibhya uktvovācāpi ya enaṃ śuṣke sthāṇau niṣiñcejjāyerannevāsmiñśākhāḥ praroheyuḥ palāśānītyevamantamenaṃ manthamuddālakātprabhṛtyekaikācāryakramāgataṃ satyakāma ācāryo bahubhyo 'ntevāsibhya uktvovāca |
kimanyaduvācetyucyate-api ya enaṃ śuṣke sthāṇau gataprāṇe 'pyenaṃ manthaṃ bhakṣaṇāya saṃskṛtaṃ niṣiñcetprakṣipejjāyerannutpadyerannevāsminsthāṇau śākhā avayavā vṛkṣasya praroheyuśca palāśāni parṇāni yathā jīvataḥ sthāṇoḥ kimutānena karmaṇā kāmaḥ sidhyediti |
dhruvaphalamidaṃ karmeti karmastutyarthametat |
vidyādhigame ṣṭatīrthāni teṣāmiha saprāṇadarśanasya manthavijñānasyādhigame dve eva tīrthe anujñāyete putraścāntevāsī ca ||8-12 ||

caturaudumbaro bhavati | audumbaraḥ sruva audumbaraś camasa audumbara idhma audumbaryā upamanthanyau | daśa grāmyāṇi dhānyāni bhavanti | vrīhiyavās tilamāṣā aṇupriyaṃgavo godhūmāś ca masūrāś ca khalvāś ca khalakulāś ca | tān piṣṭān dadhani madhuni ghṛta upasiñcati | ājyasya juhoti ||

13. Four things are made of the wood of the Udumbara tree, the sacrificial ladle (sruva), the cup (kamasa), the fuel, and the two churning sticks. There are ten kinds of village (cultivated) seeds, viz. rice and barley (brîhiyavâs), sesamum and kidney-beans (tilamâshâs), millet and panic seed (anupriyaṅgavas), wheat (godhûmâs), lentils (masûrâs), pulse (khalvâs), and vetches (khalakulâs 3) . After having ground these he sprinkles them with curds (dadhi), honey, and ghee, and then offers (the proper portions) of clarified butter (âgya).

caturaudumbaro bhavatīti vyākhyātam | daśa grāmyāṇi bhavanti grāmyāṇāṃ tu dhānyānāṃ daśa niyamena grāhyā ityavocāma |
ke ta iti nirdiśyante-vrīhiyavāstilamāṣā aṇupriyaṅgavo 'ṇavaścāṇuśabdavācyāḥ kvaciddeśe |
priyaṅgavaḥ prasiddhāḥ kaṅguśabdena |
khalvā niṣpāvā vallaśabdavācyā loke khalakulāḥ kulatthāḥ |
etadvyatirekeṇa yathāśakti sarvauṣadhayo grāhyāḥ phalāni cetyavocāmāyājñikāni varjayitvā || 13 ||
iti bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadi ṣaṣṭhādhyāyasya tṛtīyaṃ brāhmaṇam || 2 ||

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