Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣat

Complete text

maitreyīti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ -- udyāsyan vā are 'ham asmāt sthānād asmi | hanta te 'nayā kātyāyanyāntaṃ karavāṇīti ||

FOURTH BRÂHMANA
1. Now when Yâgñavalkya was going to enter upon another state, he said: 'Maitreyî, verily I am going away from this my house (into the forest 4). Forsooth, let me make a settlement between thee and that Kâtyâyanî (my other wife).'

maitreyīti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ-maitreyīṃ svabhāryāmāmantritavānyājñavalkyo nāma ṛṣiḥ;udyāsyannūrdhvaṃ yāsyanpārivrājyākhyamāśramāntaraṃ vai | are iti sambodhanam | aham, asmādgārhasthyāt, sthānādāśramāt, ūrdhvaṃ gantumicchannasmi
bhavāmi;ato hantānumatiṃ prārthayāmi te tava;kiñcānyatte tavānayā dvitīyayā bhāryayā kātyāyanyāntaṃ vicchedaṃ karavāṇi;patidvāreṇa yuvayormayā sambandhasya vicchedaṃ karavāṇi dravyavibhāgaṃ kṛtvā;vittena saṃvibhajya yuvāṃ gamiṣyāmi || 1 ||

sā hovāca maitreyī -- yan nu ma iyaṃ bhagoḥ sarvā pṛthivī vittena pūrṇā syāt kathaṃ tenāmṛtā syām iti | neti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | yathaivopakaraṇavatāṃ jīvitaṃ tathaiva te jīvitaṃ syāt | amṛtatvasya tu nāśāsti vitteneti ||

2. Maitreyî said: 'My Lord, if this whole earth, full of wealth, belonged to me, tell me, should I be immortal by it 5?' 'No,' replied Yâgñavalkya; 'like the life of rich people will be thy life. But there is no hope of immortality by wealth.'

sā evamuktā hovāca-yadyadi 'nu'iti vitarke, me mama iyaṃ pṛthivī, bhagoḥ-bhagavan, sarvā sāgaraparikṣiptā vittena dhanena pūrṇā syāt;katham? na kathañcanetyākṣepārthaḥ, praśnārtho vā, tena pṛthivīpūrṇavittasādhyena karmaṇāgnihotrādinā amṛtā kiṃ syāmiti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ |
pratyuvāca yājñavalkyaḥ-kathamiti yadyākṣepārtham, anumodanaṃ neti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ-kathamiti yadyākṣepārtham, anumodanaṃ neti hovāca yājñavalkya iti;praśnaścetprativacanārtham;naiva syā amṛtā, kiṃ tarhi? yathaiva loke upakaraṇavatāṃ sādhanavatāṃ jīvitaṃ sukhopāyabhogasampannam;tathaiva tadvadeva tava jīvitaṃ syāt;amṛtatvasya tu nāśā manasāpyasti vittena vittasādhyena karmaṇeti || 2 ||

sā hovāca maitreyī -- yenāhaṃ nāmṛtā syāṃ kim ahaṃ tena kuryām | yad eva bhagavān veda tad eva me brūhīti ||

3. And Maitreyî said: 'What should I do with that by which I do not become immortal? What my Lord knoweth (of immortality), tell that to me.'

sā hovāca maitreyī;evamuktā pratyuvāca maitreyī-yadyevaṃ yenāhaṃ nāmṛtā syām, kimahaṃ tena vittena kuryām? yadeva bhagavānkevalamamṛtatvasādhanaṃ veda, tadevāmṛtatvasādhanaṃ me mahyaṃ brūhi || 3 ||

sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ -- priyā batāre naḥ satī priyaṃ bhāṣase | ehy āssva | vyākhyāsyāmi te | vyācakṣāṇasya tu me nididhyāsasveti ||

4. Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Thou who art truly dear to me, thou speakest dear words. Come, sit down, I will explain it to thee, and mark well what I say.'

sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | evaṃ vittasādhye 'mṛtatvasādhane pratyākhyāte, yājñavalkyaḥ svābhiprāyasampattau tuṣṭa āha;sa hovāca-priyeṣāṭā, batetyanukampyāha, are maitreyi no 'smākaṃ pūrvamapi priyā satī bhavantī idānīṃ priyameva cittānukūlaṃ bhāṣase;ata ehyāḥsvopaviśa vyākhyāsyāmi-yatte tava iṣṭam amṛtatvasādhanam ātmajñānaṃ
kathayiṣyāmi |
vyācakṣāṇasya tu me mama vyākhyānaṃ kurvato nididhyāsasva vākyānyarthato niścayena dhyātumiccheti || 4 ||

sa hovāca -- na vā are patyuḥ kāmāya patiḥ priyo bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya patiḥ priyo bhavati | na vā are jāyāyai kāmāya jāyā priyā bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya jāyā priyā bhavati | na vā are putrāṇāṃ kāmāya putrāḥ priyā bhavanty ātmanas tu kāmāya putrāḥ priyā bhavanti | na vā are vittasya kāmāya vittaṃ priyaṃ bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya vittaṃ priyaṃ bhavati | na vā are brahmaṇaḥ kāmāya brahma priyaṃ bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya brahma priyaṃ bhavati | na vā are kṣatrasya kāmāya kṣatraṃ priyaṃ bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya kṣatraṃ priyaṃ bhavati | na vā are lokānāṃ kāmāya lokāḥ priyā bhavanty ātmanas tu kāmāya lokāḥ priyā bhavanti | na vā are devānāṃ kāmāya devāḥ priyā bhavanty ātmanas tu kāmāya devāḥ priyā bhavanti | na vā are bhūtānāṃ kāmāya bhūtāni priyāṇi bhavanty ātmanas tu kāmāya bhūtāni priyāṇi bhavanti | na vā are sarvasya kāmāya sarvaṃ priyaṃ bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya sarvaṃ priyaṃ bhavati | ātmā vā are draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāsitavyo maitreyi | ātmano vā are darśanena śravaṇena matyā vijñānenedaṃ sarvaṃ viditam ||

5. And he said: 'Verily, a husband is not dear, that you may love the husband; but that you may love the Self, therefore a husband is dear. 'Verily, a wife is not dear, that you may love the wife; but that you may love the Self, therefore a wife is dear. 'Verily, sons are not dear, that you may love the sons; but that you may love the Self, therefore sons are dear. 'Verily, wealth is not dear, that you may love wealth; but that you may love the Self, therefore wealth is dear. 'Verily, the Brahman-class is not dear, that you may love the Brahman-class; but that you may love the Self, therefore the Brahman-class is dear. 'Verily, the Kshatra-class is not dear, that you may love the Kshatra-class; but that you may love the Self, therefore the Kshatra-class is dear. 'Verily, the worlds are not dear, that you may love the worlds; but that you may love the Self, therefore the worlds are dear. 'Verily, the Devas are not dear, that you may love the Devas; but that you may love the Self, therefore the Devas are dear. 'Verily, creatures are not dear, that you may love the creatures; but that you may love the Self, therefore are creatures dear. 'Verily, everything is not dear that you may love everything; but that you may love the Self, therefore everything is dear. 'Verily, the Self is to be seen, to be heard, to be perceived, to be marked, O Maitreyî! When we see, hear, perceive, and know the Self, then all this is known.

sa hovāca-amṛtatvasādhanaṃ vairāgyamupadidikṣurjāyāpatiputrādibhyo virāgamutpādayati tatsaṃnyāsāya | na vai-vaiśabdaḥ prasiddhasmaraṇārthaḥ;prasiddhamevaitalloke;patyurbhartuḥ kāmāya prayojanāya jāyāyāḥ patiḥ priyo na bhavati, kiṃ tarhyātmanastu kāmāya prayojanāyaiva bhāryāyāḥ patiḥ priyo bhavati | tathā na vā are jāyāyā ityādi samānamanyat, na vā are putrāṇām, na vā are vittasya, na vā are brahmaṇaḥ, na vā are kṣatrasya, na vā are devānām, na vā are bhūtānām, na vā are sarvasya, pūrvaṃ pūrvaṃ yathāsanne prītisādhane vacanam;tatra tatreṣṭataratvādvairāgyasya;sarvagrahaṇamuktānuktārtham |
tasmāllokaprasiddhametat-ātmaiva priyaḥ, nānyat | 'tadetatpreyaḥ putrāt'ityupanyastam, tasyaitad vṛttisthānīyaṃ prapañcitam |
tasmādātmaprītisādhanatvādgauṇī anyatra prītiḥ, ātmanyeva mukhyā |
tasmādātmā vai are draṣṭavyo darśanārhaḥ, darśanaviṣayamāpādayitavyaḥ;śrotavyaḥ pūrvamācāryata āgamataśca;paścānmantavyastarkataḥ;tato nididhyāsitavyo niścayena dhyātavyaḥ;evaṃ hyasau dṛṣṭo bhavati śravaṇamanananididhyāsanasādhanairnirvartitaiḥ |
yadaikatvamatānyupagatāni, tadā samyagdarśanaṃ brahmaikatvaviṣayaṃ prasidati, nānyathā śravaṇamātreṇa |
yadbrahmakṣatrādi karmanimittaṃ varṇāśramādilakṣaṇam ātmavidyādhyāropitapratyayaviṣayaṃ kriyākārakaphalātmakamavidyāpratyayaviṣayam-rajjavāmva sarpapratyayaḥ, tadupamardanārtham āha-ātmani khalvare maitreyi dṛṣṭe śrute mate vijñāte idaṃ sarvaṃ viditaṃ vijñātaṃ bhavati || 5 ||
nanu kathamanyasminvidite 'nyadviditaṃ bhavati? naiṣa doṣaḥ;na hi ātmavyatirekeṇānyatkiñcidasti ;yadyasti na tadviditaṃ syāt;na tvanyadasti;ātmaiva tu sarvam;tasmātsarvamātmani vidite viditaṃ syāt | kathaṃ punarātmaiva sarvamityetacchrāvayati-

brahma taṃ parādād yo 'nyatrātmano brahma veda | kṣatraṃ taṃ parādād yo 'nyatrātmanaḥ kṣatraṃ veda | lokās taṃ parādur yo 'nyatrātmano lokān veda | devās taṃ parādur yo 'nyatrātmano devān veda | bhūtāni taṃ parādur yo 'nyatrātmano bhūtāni veda | sarvaṃ taṃ parādād yo 'nyatrātmanaḥ sarvaṃ veda | idaṃ brahmedaṃ kṣatram ime lokā ime devā imāni bhūtānīdaṃ sarvaṃ yad ayam ātmā ||

6. 'Whosoever looks for the Brahman-class elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the Brahman-class. Whosoever looks for the Kshatra-class elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the Kshatra-class. Whosoever looks for the worlds elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the worlds. Whosoever looks for the Devas elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the Devas. Whosoever looks for creatures elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the creatures. Whosoever looks for anything elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by everything. This Brahman-class, this Kshatra-class, these worlds, these Devas, these creatures, this everything, all is that Self.

brahma brāhmaṇajātistaṃ puruṣaṃ parādātparādadhyātparākuryāt;kam? yo 'nyatrātmana ātmasvarūpavyatirekeṇa-ātmaiva na bhavatīyaṃ brāhmaṇajātiriti-tāṃ yo veda, taṃ parādadhyātsā
brāhmaṇajātiranātmasvarūpeṇa māṃ paśyatīti;paramātmāhi sarveṣāmātmā |
tathā kṣatraṃ kṣatriyajātiḥ, tathā lokāḥ, devāḥ, bhūtāni, sarvam |
idaṃ brahmeti-yānyanukrāntāni tāni sarvāṇi, ātmaiva, yadayamātmā-yo 'yamātmā draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavya iti prakṛtaḥ;yasmādātmano jāyata ātmanyeva līyata ātmamayaṃ ca sthitikāle, ātmavyatirekeṇāgrahaṇāt, ātmaiva sarvam || 6 ||
kathaṃ punaridānīmidaṃ sarvamātmaiveti grahītuṃ śakyate? cinmātrānugamātsarvatra citsvarūpataiveti gamyate | tatra dṛṣṭānta ucyate | tatra dṛṣṭānta ucyate-yatsvarūpavyatirekeṇāgrahaṇaṃ yasya, tasya tadātmatvameva loke dṛṣṭam |

sa yathā dundubher hanyamānasya na bāhyāñ chabdāñ chaknuyād grahaṇāya | dundubhes tu grahaṇena dundubhyāghātasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ ||

7. 'Now as the sounds of a drum, when beaten, cannot be seized externally (by themselves), but the sound is seized, when the drum is seized or the beater of the drum;

sa yathā-sa iti dṛṣṭāntaḥ, loke yathā dundubherbheryādeḥ, hanyamānasya tāḍyamānasya daṇḍādinā, na, bāhyāñchabdān bahirbhūtāñchabdaviśeṣān dundubhiśabdasāmānyānniṣkṛṣṭān dundubhiśabdaviśeṣān na śaknuyād grahaṇāya grahītum;dundubhestu grahaṇena, dundubhiśabdā eta iti, śabdaviśeṣā gṛhītā bhavanti, dundubhiśabdasāmānyavyatirekeṇābhāvātteṣām |
dundubhyāghātasya vā, dunduberāhananam āghātaḥ, dundubhyāghātaviśiṣṭasya śabdasāmānyasya grahaṇena tadgatā viśeṣā gṛhītā
bhavanti, na tu ta eva nirbhidya grahītuṃ śakyante, viśeṣarūpeṇābhāvātteṣām |
tathā prajñānavyatirekeṇa svapnajāgaritayorna kaścidvastuviśeṣo gṛhyate;tasmātprajñānavyatirekeṇa abhāvo yuktasteṣām || 7 ||

sa yathā śaṅkhasya dhmāyamānasya na bāhyāñ chabdāñ chaknuyād grahaṇāya śaṅkhasya tu grahaṇena śaṅkhadhmasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ ||

8. 'And as the sounds of a conch-shell, when blown, cannot be seized externally (by themselves), but the sound is seized, when the shell is seized or the blower of the shell;

tathā sa yathā śaṅkhasya dhmāyamānasya śabdena saṃyojyamānasya āpūryamāṇasya na bāhyāñchabdāñchaknuyādityevamādi pūrvavat || 8 ||

sa yathā vīṇāyai vādyamānāyai na bāhyāñ chabdāñ chaknuyād grahaṇāya vīṇāyai tu grahaṇena vīṇāvādasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ ||

9. 'And as the sounds of a lute, when played, cannot be seized externally (by themselves), but the sound is seized, when the lute is seized or the player of the lute;

tathā vīṇāyai vādyamānāyai-vīmāyā vādyamānāyāḥ |
anekadṛṣṭāntopādānamiha sāmānyabahutvakhyāpanārtham-aneke hi vilakṣaṇāścetanācetanarūpāḥ sāmānyaviśeṣāḥ-teṣāṃ pāramparyagatyā yathaikasminmahāsāmānye 'ntarbhāvaḥ prajñānaghane, kathaṃ nāma pradarśayitavya iti;dundubhiśaṅkhavīṇāśabdasāmānyaviśeṣāṇāṃ yathā śabdatve 'ntarbhāvaḥ, evaṃ sthitikāle tāvatsāmānyaviśeṣāvyatirekād brahmaikatvaṃ śakyamavagantum || 9 ||
evamutpattikāle prāgutpatterbrahmaiveti śakyamavagantum | yathāgnervisphuliṅgadhūmāṅgārārciṣāṃ prāgvibhāgādagnireveti bhavatyagnyekatvam, evaṃ jagannāmarūpavikṛtaṃ pragutpatteḥ prajñānaghana eveti yuktaṃ grahītumityetaducyate-

sa yathārdraidhāgner abhyāhitāt pṛthag dhūmā viniścaranty eva vā are 'sya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad yad ṛgvedo yajurvedaḥ sāmavedo 'tharvāṅgirasa itihāsaḥ purāṇaṃ vidyā upaniṣadaḥ ślokāḥ sūtrāṇy anuvyākhyānāni vyākhyānani | asyaivaitāni niśvasitāni ||

10. 'As clouds of smoke proceed by themselves out of a lighted fire kindled with damp fuel, thus, verily, O Maitreyî, has been breathed forth from this great Being what we have as Rig-veda, Yagur-veda, Sama-veda, Atharvâṅgirasas, Itihâsa (legends), Purâna (cosmogonies), Vidyâ (knowledge), the Upanishads, Slokas (verses), Sûtras (prose rules), Anuvyâkhyânas (glosses), Vyâkhyânas (commentaries). From him alone all these were breathed forth.

sa yathā-ārdraidhāgneḥ, ārdrairedhobhiriddho 'gnirārdraidhāgniḥ, tasmāt, abhyāhitātpṛthagdhūmāḥ, pṛthagnānāprakāram, dhūmagrahaṇaṃ visphulihgādipradarśanārtham, dhūmavisphuliṅgādayo viniścaranti vinirgacchanti | evam-yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, are maitreyyasya paramātmanaḥ prakṛtasya mahato bhūtasya niśvasitametat, niśvasitamiva niśvasitam;yathā aprayatnenaiva puruṣaniśvāso bhavatyevaṃ vā are | kiṃ tanniśvasitamiva tato jātamityucyate-yadṛgvedo yajurvedaḥ sāmavedo 'tharvāṅgirasaḥ-caturvidhaṃ mantrajātam, itihāsa ityurvaśīpurūravasoḥ saṃvādādiḥ-"urvaśīhāpsarāḥ"ityādibrāhmaṇameva, purāṇam"asadvā idamagra āsīt"ityādi, vidyā devajanavidyā vedaḥ so 'yamityādyā, upaniṣadaḥ"priyamityetadupāsīta"ityādyāḥ, ślokā brāhmaṇaprabhavā mantrāḥ"tadete ślokāḥ"ityādayaḥ; sūtrāṇi vastusaṅgraha vākyāni vede yathā-"ātmetyevopāsīta"ityādīni, anuvyākhyānāni mantravivaraṇāni, vyākhyānānyarthavādāḥ, athavā vastusaṅgrahavākyavivaraṇānyanuvyākhyānāni, yathā caturthādhyāye 'ātmetyevopāsīta' ityasya, yathā vā 'anyo 'sāvanyo 'hamasmīti na sa veda yathā paśurevam' ityasyāyamevādhyāyaśeṣaḥ, mantravivaraṇāni vyākhyānāni, evamaṣṭavidhaṃ brāhmaṇam | evaṃ mantrabrāhmaṇayoreva grahaṇam, niyataracanāvato vidyamānasyaiva vedasyābhivyaktiḥ puruṣaniśvāsavat, na ca puruṣabuddhiprayatnapūrvakaḥ; ataḥ pramāṇaṃ nirapekṣa eva svārthe; tasmādyattenoktaṃ tattathaiva pratipattavyam, ātmanaḥ śreya icchadbhiḥ jñānaṃ vā karma veti | nāmaprakāśavaśā hi rūpasya vikriyāvyavasthā |
nāmarūpayoreva hi paramātmopādhibhūtayorvyākriyamāṇayoḥ salilaphenavattattvānyatvenānirvaktavyayoḥ sarvāvasthayoḥ saṃsāratvam-ityato nāmna eva niśvasitatvamuktam, tadvacanenaivetarasya niśvasitatvasiddheḥ |
athavā sarvasya dvaitajātasya avidyāviṣayatvamuktam-"brahma taṃ parādāt.....idaṃ sarvaṃ yadayamātmā"iti |
tena vedasyāprāmāṇyamāśaṅkyate |
tadāśaṅkānivṛttyarthamidamuktam? puruṣaniśvāsavadaprayatnotthitatvātpramāṇaṃ vedaḥ, na yathā anyo grantha iti || 10 ||
kiñcānyat, na kevalaṃ sthityutpattikālayoreva prajñānavyatirekeṇābhāvājjagato brahmatvam, pralayakāle ca | jalabudbudaphenādīnāmiva salilavyatirekeṇābhāvaḥ, evaṃ prajñānavyatirekeṇa tatkāryāṇāṃ nāmarūpakarmaṇāṃ tasminneva līyamānānāmabhāvaḥ | tasmādekameva brahma prajñānaghanamekarasaṃ pratipattavyamityata āha | pralayapradarśanāya dṛṣṭāntaḥ-

sa yathā sarvāsām apāṃ samudra ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ sparśānāṃ tvag ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ gandhānāṃ nāsike ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ rasānāṃ jihvaikāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ rūpāṇāṃ cakṣur ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣaṃ śabdānāṃ śrotram ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ saṃkalpānāṃ mana ekāyanam | evaṃ sarvāsāṃ vidyānāṃ hṛdayam ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ hastāv ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣām ānandānām upastha ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ visargāṇāṃ pāyur ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣām adhvanāṃ pādāv ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ vedānāṃ vāg ekāyanam ||

11. 'As all waters find their centre in the sea, all touches in the skin, all tastes in the tongue, all smells in the nose, all colours in the eye, all sounds in the ear, all percepts in the mind, all knowledge in the heart, all actions in the hands, all movements in the feet, and all the Vedas in speech,--

sa iti dṛṣṭāntaḥ;yathā yena prakāreṇa, sarvāsāṃ nadīvāpītaḍāgādigatānāmapām, samudro 'bdhirekāyanam, ekagamanamekapralayo 'vibhāgaprāptirityarthaḥ;yathāyāṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, evaṃ sarveṣāṃ sparśānāṃ mṛdukarkaśakaṭhinapicchilādīnāṃ vāyorātmabhūtānāṃ tvagekāyanam, tvagiti tvagviṣayaṃ sparśasāmānyamātram, tasminpraviṣṭāḥ sparśaviśeṣāḥ-āpa iva samudram-tadvyatirekeṇābhāvabhūtā bhavanti;tasyaiva hi te saṃsthānamātrā āsan | tathā tadapi sparśasāmānyamātraṃ tvakchabdavācyaṃ manaḥsaṅkalpe manoviṣayasāmānyamātre, tvagviṣaya ivasparśaviśeṣāḥ, praviṣṭaṃ tadvyatirekeṇābhāvabhūtaṃ bhavati;evaṃ manoviṣayo 'pi buddhiviṣayasāmānyamātre praviṣṭastadvyatirekeṇābhāvabhūto bhavati;vijñānamātrameva bhūtvā prajñānaghane pare brahmaṇyāpa iva samudre pralīyate |
evaṃ paramparākrameṇa śabdādau saha grāhakeṇa karaṇena pralīne prajñānaghane upādhyabhāvātsaindhavaghanavat prajñānaghanamekarasamanantamapāraṃ nirantaraṃ brahma vyavatiṣṭhate | tasmādātmaiva ekamadvayamiti pratipattavyam |
tathā sarveṣāṃ gandhānāṃ pṛthivīviśeṣāṇāṃ nāsike ghrāṇaviṣayasāmānyam, tathā sarveṣāṃ rasānāmabviśeṣāṇāṃ cakṣuścakṣurviṣayasāmānyam, tathā śabdānāṃ śrotraviṣayasāmānyaṃ pūrvavat | tathā śrotrādiviṣayasāmānyānāṃ manoviṣayasāmānye saṅkalpe;manoviṣayasāmānyasyāpi buddhiviṣayasāmānye vijñānamātre;vijñānamātraṃ bhūtvā parasminprajñānaghane pralīyate | tathā karmendriyāṇāṃ viṣayā vadanādānagamanavisargānandaviśeṣāḥ tattatkriyāsāmānyeṣveva praviṣṭā na vibhāgayogyā bhavanti, samudra ivābviśeṣāḥ; tāni ca sāmānyāni prāṇamātram, prāṇaśca prajñānamātrameva |
"yo vai prāṇaḥ sā prajñā yā vai prajñā sa prāṇaḥ"iti kauṣītakino 'dhīyate |
nanu sarvatra viṣayasyaiva pralayo 'bhihitaḥ, na tu karaṇasya;tatra ko 'bhiprāya iti? bāḍham;kintu viṣayasamānajātīyaṃ karaṇaṃ manyate śrutiḥ, na tu jātyantaram;viṣayasyaiva svātmagrāhakatvena saṃsthānāntaraṃ karaṇaṃ nāma-yathā rūpaviśeṣasyaiva saṃsthānaṃ pradīpaḥ karaṇaṃ sarvarūpaprakāśane, evaṃ sarvaviṣayaviśeṣāṇāmeva svātmaviśeṣaprakāśakatvena saṃsthānāntarāṇi karaṇāni pradīpavat |
tasmānna karaṇānāṃ pṛthakpralaye yatnaḥ kāryaḥ,
viṣayasāmānyātmakatvādviṣayapralayenaiva pralayaḥ siddho bhavati karaṇānāmiti || 11 ||
tatra 'idaṃ sarvaṃ yadayamātmā' iti pratijñātam, tatra heturabhihitaḥ-ātmasāmānyatvam, ātmajatvam, ātmapralayatvaṃ ca | tasmādutpattisthitipralayakāleṣu prajñānavyatirekeṇābhāvāt"prajñānaṃ brahma" "ātmaivedaṃ sarvam"iti pratijñātaṃ yat, tattarkataḥ sādhitam | svābhāviko 'yaṃ pralaya iti paurāṇikā vadanti | yastu buddhipūrvakaḥ pralayo brahmavidāṃ brahmavidyānimittaḥ, ayamātyantika ityācakṣate-avidyānirodhadvāreṇa yo bhavati; tadartho 'yaṃ viśeṣārambhaḥ-

sa yathā saindhavakhilya udake prāsta udakam evānuvilīyeta na hāsyodgrahaṇāyeva syāt | yato-yatas tv ādadīta lavaṇam | evaṃ vā ara idaṃ mahad bhūtam anantam apāraṃ vijñānaghana eva | etebhyo bhūtebhyaḥ samutthāya tāny evānuvinaśyati | na pretya saṃjñāstīty are bravīmi | iti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ ||

12. 'As a lump of salt, when thrown into water, becomes dissolved into water, and could not be taken out again, but wherever we taste (the water) it is salt,--thus verily, O Maitreyî, does this great Being, endless, unlimited, consisting of nothing but knowledge, rise from out these elements, and vanish again in them. When he has departed, there is no more knowledge (name), I say, O Maitreyî.' Thus spoke Yâgñavalkya.

tatra dṛṣṭānta upādīyate-sa yatheti | saindhavakhilyaḥ- sindhorvikāraḥ saindhavaḥ, sindhuśabdenodakamabhidhīyate, syandanātsindhurudakam, tadvikārastatra bhavo vā saindhavaḥ saindhavaścāsau khilyaśceti saindhavakhilyaḥ, khila eva khilyaḥ svārthe yatpratyayaḥ, udeka sindhau svayonauprastaḥ prakṣiptaḥ, udakameva vilīyamānamanuvilīyeta;yattadbhaumataijasasamparkātkāṭhinyaprāptiḥ | khilyasya svayonisamparkādapagacchati tadudakasya vilayanam, tadanu saindhavakhilyo vilīyata ityucyate | tadetadāha udakamevānuvilīyeteti |
na ha naiva asya khilyasyodgrahaṇāyoddhṛtya pūrvavadgrahaṇāya grahītuṃ naiva samarthaḥ kaścitsyātsunipuṇo 'pi | ivaśabdo 'narthakaḥ | grahaṇāya naiva samarthaḥ;kasmāt? yato yato yasmādyasmāddeśātadudakamādadīta gṛhītvā svādayet, lavaṇāsvādameva tadudakaṃ na tu khilyamāvaḥ |
yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, evameva vā are maitreyidaṃ paramātmākhyaṃ mahadbhūtam-yasmānmahato bhūtādavidyayā paricchinnā satī kāryakaraṇopādhisambandhātkhilyamāvamāpannāsi, martyā janmamaraṇāśanāyāpipāsādisaṃsāradharmavatyasi, nāmarūpakāryātmikā-amuṣyānva yāhamiti, sa khilyabhāvastava kāryakaraṇabhūnopādhisamparkabhrāntijanito mahati bhūte svayonau mahāsamudrasyānīye paramātmani ajare 'mare 'bhaye śudve saindhavavanavadekarase prajñānaghane 'nante 'pāre nirantare 'vidyājanitabhrāntimedavarjite praveśitaḥ | tasminpraviṣṭe svayonigraste khilyabhāve 'vidyākṛte bhedabhāve praṇāśite-idamekamadvaitaṃ mahadbhūtam mahacca tad bhūtaṃ ca mahadbhūtaṃ sarvamahattaratvādākāśādikāraṇatvācca | bhūtaṃ viṣvapi kālepu svarūpādhyabhicārātsarvadaiva pariniṣpannamiti vaikāliko niṣṭhāpratyayaḥ |
athavā bhūtaśabdaḥ paramārthavācī, mahacca pāramārthikaṃ cetyarthaḥ;laukikaṃ tu yadyapi mahadbhavati, svapnamāyākṛtaṃ himavadādiparvatopamaṃ na paramārthavastu;ato viśinaṣṭi--idaṃ tu mahacca tadabhūtaṃ ceti | anantaṃ nāsyānto vidyata ityanantam;kadācidāpekṣikaṃ syādityato viśinaṣṭayapāramitivijñaptirvijñānam, vijñānama ca tadghanaśceti vijñānaghanaḥ, ghanaśabdojātyantarapratiṣedhārthaḥ-yathā suvarṇaghano 'yoghana iti;
evaśabdo 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ-nānyañjātyantaramantarāle vidyata ityarthaḥ |
yadīdamekamadvaitaṃ paramārthataḥ svacchaṃ saṃsāraduḥkhāsampṛttkam, kinnimito 'yaṃ khilyabhāva ātmano jāto mṛtaḥ sukhī duḥkhyahaṃ mametyevamādilakṣaṇo 'nekasaṃsāradharmopadrutaḥ? ityucyate--
etebhyo bhūtebhyo yānyetāni kāryakaraṇavipayākārapariṇatāni nāmarūpātmakāni salliphenavudvudopamānisvacchasya paramātmanaḥ salilopamasya, yepāṃ viṣayaparyantānāṃ prajñānaghane brahmaṇi paramārthavivekajñānena pravilāpanamuttakaṃ nadīsamudravata--etabhyo hetubhūtebhyo bhūtebhyaḥ satyaśabdavācyebhyaḥ samutthāya saindhavakhilyavat-yathā adbhayaḥ sūryacandrādipratibimbaḥ, yathā vā svacchasya sphaṭikasya alattakādyupādhibhyo rattkādibhāvaḥ, evaṃ kāryakaraṇabhūtabhūtopādhibhyo viśepātmakhilyabhāvena samutthāya samyagutthāya--yebhyo bhūtebhya utthitaḥ tāni yadākāryakaraṇaviṣayākārapariṇatāni bhūtānyātmano viśepātmakhilyahetubhūtāni śāstrācāryopadeśena brahmavidyāyā nadīsamudravatpravilāpitāni vinaśyanti, salilaphenabudbudādivatteṣu vinaśyatsu anvevaiṣa viśeṣātmakhilyabhāvo vinaśyati;yathā udakālattphakādihetvapanaye sāryacandrasphaṭikādipratibimbo vinaśyati, candrādi svarūpameva paramārthato vyavatiṣṭhate, tadvatprajñānaghanamanantamapāraṃ svacchaṃ vyavatiṣṭhate |
na tatra pretya viśepasaṃjñāsti kāryakaraṇasaṅghātebhyovimuttkasya-ityevamare maitreyi bravīmi nāsti viśeṣasaṃjñeti--ahamasāvamuṣya putro mamedaṃ kṣetraṃ dhanaṃ sukhī duḥkhītyevamādilakṣaṇā, avidyākṛtatvāttasyāḥ;avidyāyāścabrahmavidyayā niranvayato nāśitatvātkuto viśeṣasaṃjñāsambhavo brahmavidaścaitanyasvabhāvāvasthitasya? śarīrāvasthitasyāpi viśeṣasaṃjñā nopapadyate kimuta kāryakaraṇavimuttkasya sarvataḥ? iti hovācottkavānkila paramārthadarśanaṃ maitreyyai bhāryāyai yājñavalkyaḥ ||12 ||
evaṃ pratibodhitā--

sā hovāca maitreyī -- atraiva mā bhagavān amūmuhan na pretya saṃjñāstīti | sa hovāca -- na vā are 'haṃ mohaṃ bravīmi | alaṃ vā ara idaṃ vijñānāya ||

13. Then Maitreyî said: 'Here thou hast bewildered me, Sir, when thou sayest that having departed, there is no more knowledge.' But Yâgñavalkya replied: 'O Maitreyî, I say nothing that is bewildering. This is enough, O beloved, for wisdom.

sā ha kilovācottkavatī maitreyī--atraiva etasmitreva ekasminvastuni brahmaṇi virudvadharmavattavamācakṣaṇena bhagavatā mama moha kṛtaḥ;tadāha--atraiva mā bhagavānpūjāvānamūmuhanmohaṃ kṛtacān | kathaṃ tena virudvadharmavattvam utkamityucyate--pūrva vijñānaghana eveti pratiśāya punarna pretya saṃśāstīti;kathaṃ vijñānaghana eva? kathaṃ vā na pretya saṃjñāstīti? na hyuṣṇaḥ śītaścāgnirevaiko bhavati | ato mūḍhāsmyatra |
sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ-na vā are maitreyyahaṃ mohaṃ bravīmi mohanaṃ vākyaṃ na bravīmityarthaḥ | nanu kathaṃ virudvadharmatvamavocaḥ-vijñāna ghanaṃ saṃjñābhāvaṃ ca ? na mayedamekasminvamiṃṇyamihitam, tvayaivedaṃ virudvadharmatvenaikaṃ vastu parigṛhītaṃ bhrāntyā, na tu mayottkam | mayā tvidamuttkam--yastvavidyāpratyupasyāpitaḥkāryakaraṇasambandhī ātmanaḥ khilyabhāvaḥ, yasminvidyayā nāśite, tannimittā yā viśeṣasaṃjñā śarīrādisambandhinī anyatvadarśanalakṣaṇā, sā kāryakaraṇasaṅghātopādhau pravilāpite naśyati hetvabhāvād udakādyādhāranāśādiva candrādipratibimba stannimittaśca prakāśādiḥ; na punaḥ paramārthacandrādityasvarūpānāśavadasaṃsāribrahmasvarūpasya vijñānaghanasya nāśaḥ; tadvijñāghana ityuttkam; sa ātmā sarvasya jagataḥ, paramārthato bhūtanāśānna vināśī | vināśī tvavidyakṛtaḥ khilyabhāvaḥ,"vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyam"(chā0 u0 6 |1 |4) iti śrutyantarāt | ayaṃ tu pāramārthikaḥ-avināśī vā are 'yamātmā, ato 'laṃ paryāptaṃ vai are idaṃ mahadbhūtamanantamapāraṃ ya yāvyākhyātaṃ vijñānāya vijñātum |

yatra hi dvaitam iva bhavati tad itara itaraṃ jighrati tad itara itaraṃ paśyati tad itara itaraṃ śṛṇoti tad itara itaraṃ jighrati tad itara itaram abhivadati tad itara itaraṃ manute tad itara itaraṃ vijānāti | yatra vāsya sarvam ātmaivābhūt tat kena kaṃ jighret tat kena kaṃ jighret tat kena kaṃ paśyet tat kena kaṃ śṛṇuyāt tat kena kam abhivadet tat kena kaṃ manvīta tat kena kaṃ vijānīyāt | yenedaṃ sarvaṃ vijānāti taṃ kena vijānīyāt | vijñātāram are kena vijānīyād iti ||

14. 'For when there is as it were duality, then one sees the other, one smells the other, one hears the other, one salutes the other, one perceives the other, one knows the other; but when the Self only is all this, how should he smell another, how should he see another, how should he hear another, how should he salute another, how should he perceive another, how should he know another? How should he know Him by whom he knows all this? How, O beloved, should he know (himself), the Knower?'

kathaṃ tarhi pretya saṃjñā nāstītyucyate | śṛṇu | yatra yasminnavidyākalpite kāryakaraṇasaṃghātopādhijanite viśeṣātmani khilyabhāve hi yasmādaddvaitamiva pāramārthato 'dvaite brahmaṇi dvaitamiva bhinnamiva vastvantaramātmana upalakṣyate | nanu dvaitenopamīyamānatvāddvaitasya pāramārthikatvamiti | na | 'vācā'rambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyami'ti śrutyantarā 'dekamevā'dvitīyamātmaivedaṃ sarvāmiti ca | tattatra yasmāddvaitamiva tasmādevetaro 'sau paramātmanaḥ khilyabhūta ātmāparamārthaścandroderivodakacandrādipratibimba itaro ghrātetareṇa dhrāṇenetaraṃ ghrātavyaṃ jighrati | itara itaramiti kārakapradarśanārthaṃ jighratīti kriyāphalayorabhidhānam | yathā chinttīti yathodyamyodyamya nipātanaṃ chedasya ca dvaidhībhāva ubhayaṃ chinattītyekenaiva śabdenābhidhīyate kriyāvasānatvātkriyāvyatirekeṇa ca tatphalasyānupalambhāt | itaro ghrāṇetareṇa ghrāṇenetaraṃ ghratavyaṃ jighrati tathā sarvaṃ pūrvavadvijānāti | iyamavidyāvadavasthā |
yatra tu brahmavidyayāvidyā nāśamupagamitā tatrā'tmavyatirekeṇānyasyābhāvaḥ | yatra vā asya brahmavidaḥ sarvaṃ nāmarūpādyātmanyeva pravilāpitamātmaiva saṃvṛttaṃ yatraivamātmaivābhūttatra kena karaṇena kaṃ dhrātavyaṃ ko jighrettathā paśyodvijānīyāt | sarvatra hi kārakasādhyā kriyā | ataḥ kārakābhāve 'nupapattiḥ kriyāyāḥ kriyābhāve ca phalābhāvaḥ | tasmādavidyāyāmeva satyāṃ kriyākārakaphalavyavahāro na brahmavidaḥ | ātmatvādeva sarvasya nā'tmavyatirekeṇa kārakaṃ kriyāphalaṃ vāsti | nacānātmā sansarvamātmaiva bhavati kasyacit | tasmādavidyayaivānāttmatvaṃ parikalpitaṃ na tu paramārthata ātmavyatirekeṇāsti kiñcit | tasmātparamārthātmaikatvapratyaye kriyākārakaphalapratyayānupapattiḥ | ato virodhādbrahmavidaḥ kriyāṇāṃ tatsādhanānāṃ cāntyantameva nivṛttiḥ | kena kimiti kṣepārthaṃ vacanaṃ prakārāntarānupapattidarśanārtham | kenacidapi prakāreṇa kriyākaraṇādikārakānupapatteḥ | kenatcitkañcitkāścitkathaṃ cinna jivredevetyarthaḥ |
yatrāpyavidyāvasthāyāmanyo 'nyaṃ paśyati tatrāpi yenedaṃ sarvaṃ vijānāti taṃ kena vijānīyādyena vijānāti tasya karaṇasya vijñeye viniyuktatvāt |
jñātuśva jñeya eva hi jijñāsā nā'tmani |
na cāgnerivā'tmā'tmano viṣayo na cāviṣaye jñāturjñānamupapadyate |
tasmādyenedaṃ vijānāti taṃ vijñātāraṃ kena karaṇena ko vānyo vijānīyāt |
yadā tu punaḥ paramārthavivekino brahmavido vijñātaiva kevalo 'dvayo vartate taṃ vijñātāramare kena vijānīyāditi || 4 ||
iti bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye dvitīyādhyāyasya caturthaṃ brāhmaṇam || 4 ||
yatkevalaṃ karmanirapekṣamamṛtavasādhanaṃ tadvaktavyamiti maitreyībrāhmaṇamārabdham | taccā'tmajñānaṃ savaṃsanyāsāṅgaviśiṣṭam | ātmani ca vijñāte sarvamidaṃ vijñātaṃ bhavati | ātmā ca priyaḥ sarvasmāt | tasmādātmā draṣṭavyaḥ sa ca śrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāstavya iti ca darśanaprakārā uktāḥ | tatra śrotavya ācāryāgamābhyām | mantavyastarkataḥ | tatra ca tarka ukta ātmaivedaṃ sarvamiti pratijñātasya hetuvacanamātmaikasāmānyatvamātmaikodbhavatvamātmaikapralayatvaṃ ca | tatrāyaṃ heturasiddha ityāśaṅkyata ātmaikasāmānyodbhavapralayākhyastadāśaṅkānivṛtyarthametadbrāhmaṇamārabhyate |
yasmātparasparopakāryopakārakabhūtaṃ jagatsarvaṃ pṛthivyādi | yacca loke parasparakāryopakārakabhūtaṃ tadekakāraṇapūrvakamekasāmānyātmakamekapralayaṃ ca dṛṣṭam | tasmādidamapi pṛthivyādilakṣaṇaṃ jagatparasparopakāryopakārakatvāttathābhūtaṃ bhavitumarhati | eṣa hyartho 'sminbrāhmaṇeprakāśyate | athavā'tmaivedaṃ sarvamiti pratijñātasyā'tmotpattisthitilayatvaṃ kriyate | tathā hi naiyāyikairuktaṃ hetvapadeśātpratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanamiti | anyairvyākhyātamā dundubhidṛṣṭāntācchrotavyārthamāgamavacanaṃ prāṅbhadhuvrahmaṇānmantavyārthamupapattipradarśanena madhubrāhmaṇena tu nididhyāsanavidhirucyata iti | sarvathāpi tu yathā'gamenāvadhāritaṃ tarkatastathaiva mantavyam | yathā tarkato matasya tarkāgamābhyāṃ niścitasya tathaiva nididhyāsanaṃ kriyata iti pṛthaṅnididhyāsanavidhiranarthaka eva | tasmātpṛthakprakaraṇavibhāgo 'narthaka ityasmadabhiprāyaḥ śravaṇamanananididhyāsanānāmiti | sarvathāpi tvadhyāyadvayasyārtho 'sminbrāhmaṇa upasaṃhriyate |

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