Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣat

Complete text

SECOND ADHYÂYA.

dṛptabālākir hānūcāno gārgya āsa | sa hovācājātaśatruṃ kāśyaṃ -- brahma te bravāṇīti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- sahasram etasyāṃ vāci dadmaḥ, janako janaka iti vai janā dhāvantīti ||

FIRST BRÂHMANA
1. There was formerly the proud Gârgya Bâlâki, a man of great reading. He said to Agâtasatru of Kâsi, 'Shall I tell you Brahman?' Agâtasatru said: 'We give a thousand (cows) for that speech (of yours), for verily all people run away, saying, Ganaka (the king of Mithilâ) is our father (patron).'

tatra pūrvapakṣavādī avidyāviṣayabrahmavid dṛptabālākiḥ dṛpate garvito 'sabhyagbrahmavittavādev balākāyā apatyaṃ bālākirdṛptaścāsau bālākiśceti dṛptabālārkiḥ, haśabda etihyārtha ākhyāyikāyām, anūcānaḥ anuvacasamartho vattkāvāggamī;gārgyo gonnataḥ, āsa babhūva kvacitkālaviśeṣe |
sa hovācājātaśatrumajātaśatrunāmānaṃ kāśyaṃ kāśirājamabhigamya-brahma te bravāṇīti brahma te tubhyaṃ bravāṇi kathayāni | sa evamukto 'jātaśatruruvāca-sahasraṃ gavāṃ dadbha etasyāṃ vāci- yāṃ māṃ pratyavoco brahma te bravāṇīti, tāvanmātrameva gosahasrapradāne nimittamityabhiprāyaḥ |
sākṣādbrahmakathanameva nimittaṃ kasmānnāpekṣyate sahasradāne? brahma te bravāṇītīyameva tu vāg nimittamapekṣyate? ityucyate;yataḥ śrutireva rājño 'bhiprāyamāha-janako dātā janakaḥ śroteti caitasminvākyadvaye padadvayamabhyasyate janako janaka iti |
vaiśabdaḥ prasiddhāvadyotanārthaḥ;janako ditsurjanakaḥ śuśrūṣuriti brahma śuśrūṣavo vivakṣavaḥ pa3tijighṛkṣavaśca janādhāvantyabhigacchanti |
tasmāttatsarvaṃ mayyapi sambhāvitavānasīti || 1 ||
evaṃ rājānaṃ śuśrūṣumabhimukhībhūtam-

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāsāv āditye puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatrur -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | atiṣṭhāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ mūrdhā rājeti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste 'tiṣṭhāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ mūrdhā rājā bhavati ||

2. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the sun, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the supreme, the head of all beings, the king. Whoso adores him thus, becomes Supreme, the head of all beings, a king.'

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ-ya eva asau āditye cakṣuṣi caiko 'bhimānī cakṣurdvāreṇeha hṛdi praviṣṭaḥ 'ahaṃ bhoktā kartā ca'ityavasthitaḥ, etamevāhaṃ brahma paśyāmi, asminkāryakaraṇasaṅghāte upāse | tasmāttamahaṃ puruṣaṃ brahma tubhyaṃ bravībhyupāḥsveti |
sa evamuktaḥ pratyuvāca ajātaśatruḥ 'mā mā'iti hastena vinivārayan-etasminbrahmaṇi vijñeye mā saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ;mā metyābādhanārthaṃ dvirvacanam | evaṃ samāne vijñānaviṣaye āvayorasmānavijñānavata iva darśayatā bādhitāḥ syāma, ato mā saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ-mā saṃvādaṃ kārṣīrasminbrahmaṇi | anyaccejjānāsi, tadbrahma vaktumarhasi, na tu yanmayā jñāyata eva |
atha cenmanyase-jānīṣe tvaṃ brahmamātraṃ na tu tadviśeṣaṇopāsanaphalānīti-tanna mantavyam, yataḥ sarvametadahaṃ jāne yadbravīṣi |
katham? atiṣṭhāḥ-atītya bhūtāni tiṣṭhātītyatiṣṭhāḥ |
sarveṣāṃ ca bhūtānāṃ mūrdhā śiro rājeti vai-rājā dīptigumopetatvāt, etairviśeṣaṇairviśiṣṭametadbrahma asminkāryakaraṇasaṅghāte kartṛ bhoktṛ cetyahametamupāsa iti |
phalamapyevaṃ viśiṣṭopāsakasya-sa ya etamevamupāste 'tiṣṭhāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ mūrdhā rājā bhavati |
yathāguṇopāsanameva hi phalam;"taṃ yathā yathopāsate tadeva bhavati"iti śruteḥ || 2 ||
saṃvādenādityabrahmaṇi pratyākhyāte 'jātaśatruṇā candramasi brahmāntaraṃ pratipede gārgyaḥ |

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāsau candre puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | bṛhan pāṇdaravāsāḥ somo rājeti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste 'har-ahar sutaḥ prasuto bhavati | nāsyānnaṃ kṣīyate ||

3. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the moon (and in the mind), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the great, clad in white raiment, as Soma, the king.' Whoso adores him thus, Soma is poured out and poured forth for him day by day, and his food does not fail.

ya evāsau candre manasi caikaḥ puruṣo bhoktā kartā ceti pūrvavadviśeṣaṇam |
bṛhan mahān pāṇḍaraṃ śuklaṃ vāso yasya so 'yaṃ pāṇḍaravāsāḥ, apśarīratvāccandrābhimāninaḥ prāṇasya, somo rājā candraḥ, yaścānnabhūto 'bhiṣūyate latātmako yajñe, tamekīkṛtyaitamevāhaṃ brahmopāse |
yathoktaguṇaṃ ya upāste tasyāharahaḥ sutaḥ somo 'bhiṣuto bhavati yajñe, prasutaḥ prakṛṣṭaṃ sutarāṃ suto bhavati vikāre, ubhayavidhayajñānuṣṭhānasāmarthyaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ |
annaṃ cāsya na kṣīyate 'nnātmakopāsakasya || 3 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāsau vidyuti puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | tejasvīti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste tejasvī ha bhavati | tejasvinī hāsya prajā bhavati ||

4. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the lightning (and in the heart), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the luminous.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes luminous, and his offspring becomes luminous.

tathā vidyuti tvaci hṛdaye caikā devatā |
tejasvīti viśeṣaṇam, tasyāstatphalam-tejasvī ha bhavati tejasvinī hāsya prajā bhavati |
vidyutāṃ bahutvasyāṅgīkaraṇādātmani prajāyāṃ ca phalabāhulyam || 4 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam ākāśe puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | pūrṇam apravartīti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste pūryate prajayā paśubhir nāsyāsmāl lokāt prajodvartate ||

5. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the ether (and in the ether of the heart), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him as what is full, and quiescent.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes filled with offspring and cattle, and his offspring does not cease from this world.

tathā ākāśe hṛdyākāśe hṛdaye caikā devatā | pūrṇamapravarti ceti viśeṣaṇadvayam | pūrṇatvaviśeṣaṇaphalamidam-pūryate prajayā paśubhiḥ;apravartiviśeṣaṇaphalam-nāsyāsmāllokātprajodvartata iti,
prajāsantānāvicchittiḥ || 5 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyaṃ vāyau puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | indro vaikuṇṭho 'parājitā seneti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste jiṣṇur hāparājiṣṇur bhavaty anyatastyajāyī ||

6. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the wind (and in the breath), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him as Indra Vaikuntha, as the unconquerable army (of the Maruts).' Whoso adores him thus, becomes victorious, unconquerable, conquering his enemies.

tathā vāyau prāṇe hṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā viśeṣaṇam-indraḥ parameśvaraḥ, vaikuṇṭho 'prasahyaḥ, na parairjitapūrvā parājitā senā-marutāṃ gaṇatvaprasiddheḥ |
upāsanaphalamapi-jiṣṇurha jayanaśīlo 'parājiṣṇurna ca parairjitasvabhāvo bhavati, anyatastyajāyī anyatastyānāṃ sapatnānāṃ jayanaśīlo bhavati || 6 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam agnau puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | viṣāsahir iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste viṣāsahir ha bhavati | viṣāsahir hāsya prajā bhavati ||

7. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the fire (and in the heart), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him as powerful.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes powerful, and his offspring becomes powerful.

agnau vācihṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā viśeṣaṇam-viṣāsahirmarṣayitā pareṣām |
agnibāhulyāt phalabāhulyaṃ pūrvavat || 7 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam apsu puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | pratirūpa iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste pratirūpaṃ haivainam upagacchati nāpratirūpam | atho pratirupo 'smāj jāyate ||

8. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the water (in seed, and in the heart), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him as likeness.' Whoso adores him thus, to him comes what is likely (or proper), not what is improper; what is born from him, is like unto him.

apsu retasi hṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā viśeṣaṇam-pratirūpo 'nurūpaḥ śrutismṛtyapratikūla ityarthaḥ |
phalam-pratirūpaṃ śrutismṛtiśāsanānurūpameva enamupagacchati prāpnoti, na viparītam, anyacca-asmāttathāvidha evopajāyate || 8 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam ādarśe puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | rociṣṇur iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste rociṣṇur ha bhavati | rociṣṇur hāsya prajā bhavati | atho yaiḥ saṃnigacchati | sarvāṃs tān atirocate ||

9. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the mirror, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the brilliant.' Whoso adores him thus, he becomes brilliant, his offspring becomes brilliant, and with whomsoever he comes together, he outshines them.

ādarśe prasādasvabhāve cānyatra khaḍgādau hārde ca sattvaśuddhisvābhāvye caikā devatā, tasyā viśeṣaṇam-rociṣṇurdīptisvabhāvaḥ, phalaṃ ca tadeva |
rocanādhārabāhulyātphalabāhulyam || 9 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyaṃ yantaṃ paścāc chabbo 'nūdety etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | asur iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste sarvaṃ haivāsmiṃl loka āyur eti | nainaṃ purā kālāt prāṇo jahāti ||

10. Gârgya said: 'The sound that follows a man while he moves, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as life.' Whoso adores him thus, he reaches his full age in this world, breath does not leave him before the time.

yantaṃ gacchantaṃ ya evāyaṃ śabdaḥ paścātpṛṣṭhato 'nīdetyadhyātmaṃ ca jīvanahetuḥ prāṇaḥ, tamekīkṛtyāha;asuḥ prāṇo jīvanaheturiti guṇastasya;phalam-sarvamāyurasmiṃlloka etīti-yathopāttaṃ karmaṇā āyuḥ;karmaphalaparicchinnakālātpurā pūrvaṃ rogādibhiḥ pīḍyamānamapyenaṃ prāṇo na jahāti || 10 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyaṃ dikṣu puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | dvitīyo 'napaga iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste dvitīyavān ha bhavati | nāsmād gaṇaś chidyate ||

11. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in space, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the second who never leaves us.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes possessed of a second, his party is not cut off from him,

dikṣu karṇayorhṛdi caikā devatā aśvinau devāvaviyuktasvabhāvau |
guṇastasya dvitīyavattvamanapagatvamaviyuktatā cānyonyaṃ diśāmaśvinoścaivandharmitvāt |
tadeva ca phalamupāsakasya-gaṇāvicchedo dvitīyavattvaṃ ca || 11 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyaṃ chāyāmayaḥ puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | mṛtyur iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste sarvaṃ haivāsmiṃl loka āyur eti | nainaṃ purā kālān mṛtyur āgacchati ||

12. Gârgya said: 'The person that consists of the shadow, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as death.' Whoso adores him thus, he reaches his whole age in this world, death does not approach him before the time.

chāyāyāṃ bāhye tamasyadhyātmaṃ ca āvaraṇātmake 'jñāne hṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā viśeṣaṇaṃ mṛtyuḥ |
phalaṃ sarvaṃ pūrvavat, mṛtyoranāgamanena rogādipīḍābhāvo viśeṣaḥ || 12 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam ātmani puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | ātmanvīti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāsta ātmanvī ha bhavati | ātmanvinī hāsya prajā bhavati | sa ha tūṣṇīm āsa gārgyaḥ ||

13. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the body, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as embodied.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes embodied, and his offspring becomes embodied. Then Gârgya became silent.

ātmani prajāpatau buddhau ca hṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā ātmanvī-ātmavānīti viśeṣaṇam |
phalam-ātmanvī ha bhavatyātmavānbhavati, ātmanvinī hāsya prajā bhavati |
buddhibahulatvātprajāyāṃ sampādanamiti viśeṣaḥ |
svayaṃ parijñātatvenaivaṃ krameṇa pratyākhyā teṣu brahmasu sa gārgyaḥ kṣīṇabrahmavijñāno 'pratibhāsamānottarastūṣṇīmavākchirā āsa || 13 ||
taṃ tathābhūtamālakṣya gārgyam-

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- etāvan nū3 iti | etāvad dhīti | naitāvatā viditaṃ bhavatīti | sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- upa tvāyānīti ||

14. Agâtasatru said: 'Thus far only?' 'Thus far only,' he replied. Agâtasatru said: 'This does not suffice to know it (the true Brahman).' Gârgya replied: 'Then let me come to you, as a pupil.'

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ-etāvannū3iti | kimetāvadbrahma nirjñātam, āhosvidadhikamapyastīti? itara āhaitāvaddhīti | naitāvatā viditena brahma viditaṃ bhavatītyāhājātaśatruḥ, kimarthaṃ garvito 'si brahma te bravāṇīti |
kimetāvadviditaṃ viditameva na bhavati? ityucyate-na, phalavadvijña3naśravaṇāt | na cārthavādatvameva vākyānāmavagantuṃ śakyam apūrvavidhānaparāṇi hi vākyāni pratyupāsanopadeśaṃ lakṣyante-"atiṣṭhāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām"ityādīni | tadanurūpāṇi ca phalāni sarvatra śrūyante vibhaktāni | arthavādatve etadasamañjasam |
kathaṃ tarhi naitāvatā viditaṃ bhavatīti? naiṣa doṣaḥ, adhikṛtāpekṣatvāt | brahmopādeśārthaṃ hi śuśrūṣave 'jātaśatrave 'mukhyabrahmavidgārgyaḥ pravṛttaḥ, sa yukta eva mukhyabrahmavidājātaśatruṇāmukhya brahmavidgārgyo vaktum- yanmukhyaṃ brahma vaktuṃ pravṛttastvaṃ tanna jānīṣa iti | yadyamukhyabrahmavijñānamapi pratyākhyāyeta, tadaitāvateti na brūyāt, na kiñcijjñātaṃ tvayetyevaṃ brūyāt, na kiñcijjñātaṃ tvayetyevaṃ brūyāt | tasmādbhavantyetāvantyavidyāviṣaye brahmāṇi |
etāvadvijñānadvāratvācca parabrahmavijñānasya, yuktameva vaktum-naitāvatāviditaṃbhavatīti |
avidyāviṣaye vijñeyatvaṃ nāmarūpakarmātmakatvaṃ caiṣāṃ tṛtīye 'dhyāye pradarśitam |
tasmāt"naitāvatā viditaṃ bhavati"iti bruvatā adhikaṃ bhrahma jñātavyamastīti darśitaṃ bhavati |
taccānupasannāya na vaktavyam ityācāravidhijño gārgyaḥ svayamevāha-upa tvā yānīti-upagacchānīti tvām, yathānyaḥ śiṣyo gurum || 14 ||

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- pratilomaṃ caitad yad brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyam upeyād brahma me vakṣyatīti | vy eva tvā jñapayiṣyāmīti | taṃ pāṇāv ādāyottasthau | tau ha puruṣaṃ suptam ājagmatuḥ | tam etair nāmabhir āmantrayāṃ cakre bṛhan pāṇdaravāsaḥ soma rājann iti | sa nottasthau | taṃ pāṇināpeṣaṃ bodhayāṃ cakāra | sa hottasthau ||

15. Agâtasatru said: 'Verily, it is unnatural that a Brâhmana should come to a Kshatriya, hoping that he should tell him the Brahman. However, I shall make you know him clearly,' thus saying he took him by the hand and rose. And the two together came to a person who was asleep. He called him by these names, 'Thou, great one, clad in white raiment, Soma, King.' He did not rise. Then rubbing him with his hand, he woke him, and he arose.

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ pratilomaṃ viparītaṃ caitat | kiṃ tat? yadbrahmaṇa uttamavarṇa ācāryatve 'dhikṛtaḥ san kṣatriyamanācāryasvabhāvamupeyāt-upagacchecchiṣyavṛttyā brahma me vakṣyatīti | etadācāravidhiśāsreṣu niṣiddham;tasmāttiṣṭhatvamācārya eva san | vijñapayiṣyāmyeva tvāmahaṃ yasminvidite brahma viditaṃ bhavati yattanmukhyaṃ brahma vedyam |
taṃ gārgyaṃ salajjamālakṣya viśrambhajananāya pāṇau hasta ādāya gṛhītvottasthāvutthitavān | tau ha gārgyājātaśatrū puruṣaṃ suptaṃ rājagṛhapradeśe kvacidājagmaturāgatau | taṃ ca puruṣaṃ suptaṃ pāpya etairnāmabhiḥ"bṛhan pāṇḍaravāsaḥ soma rājan"ityetairāmantrayāñcakre | evamāmantryamāṇo 'pi sa supto nottasthau, tamapratibudhyamānaṃ pāṇinā āpeṣamāpiṣyāpiṣya bodhayāñcakāra pratibodhitavān; tena sa hottasthau | tasmādyo gārgyeṇābhipretaḥ nāsāvasmiñcharīre kartā bhoktā brahmeti | kathaṃ punaridamavagamyate suptapuruṣagamanatatsambodhanānutthānairgārgyābhimatasya brahmaṇo 'brahmatvaṃ jñāpitamiti?
jāgaritakāle yo gārgyābhipretaḥ puruṣaḥ kartā bhoktā brahma saṃnihitaḥ karaṇeṣu yathā, tathājātaśatrvabhipreto 'pi tatsvāmī bhṛtyeṣviva rājā saṃnihita eva | kiṃ tu bhṛtyasvāminorgārgyājātaśatrvabhipretayoryadvivekāvadhāraṇa kāraṇaṃ tatsaṅkīrṇatvādanavadhāritaviśeṣam | yaddraṣṭutvameva bhokturna dṛśyatvam, yaccābhokturdṛśyatvameva na tu draṣṭṛtvam, taccobhayamiha saṅkīrṇatvādvivicya darśayitumaśakyamiti suptapuruṣagamanam |
nanu supte 'pi puruṣe viśiṣṭairnāmabhirāmantrito bhoktaiva pratipatsyate nābhokteti naiva nirṇayaḥ syāditi |
na, nirdhāritaviśeṣatvādgārgyābhipretasyaḥ yo hi satyenacchannaḥ prāṇa ātmāmṛto vāgādiṣvanastamito nimlocatsu, yasyāpaḥ śarīraṃ pāṇḍaravāsāḥ, yaścāsapatnatvād bṛhan, yaśca somo rājā ṣoḍaśakālaḥ, sa svavyāpārārūḍho yathānirjñāta evānastamitasvabhāva āste | nacānyasya kasyacidvyāpārastasminkāle gārgyeṇābhipreyate tadvirodhinaḥ | tasmātsvanāmabhirāmantritena pratiboddhavyam, na ca pratyabudhyata | tasmātpāriśeṣyādgārgyābhipretasyābhoktṛtvaṃ brahmaṇaḥ |
bhoktṛsvabhāvaśced bhuñjītaiva svaṃ viṣayaṃ prāptam | na hi dagdhṛsvabhāvaḥ prakāśayitṛsvabhāvaḥ sanvahnistṛṇolapādi dāhyaṃ svaviṣayaṃ prāptaṃ na dahati, prakāśyaṃ vā na prakāśayati | na ceddahati prakāśayati vā prāptaṃ svaṃ viṣayam, nāsau vahnirdagdhā prakāśayitā veti niścīyate | tathāsau prāptaśabdādiviṣayopalabdhṛsvabhāvaśced gārgyābhipretaḥ prāṇo bṛhan pāṇḍaravāsa ityevamādiśabdaṃ svaṃ viṣayamupalabheta, yathā prāptaṃ tṛṇolapādi vahnirdahetprakāśayecca avyabhicāreṇa tadvat | tasmātprāptānāṃ śabdādīnāmapratibodhādabhoktṛsvabhāva iti niścīyate | na hi yasya yaḥ svabhāvo niścitaḥ, sa taṃ vyabhicarati kadācidapi | ataḥ siddhaṃ prāṇasyābhoktṛtvam |
sambodhanārthanāmaviśeṣeṇa sambandhāgrahaṇādapratibodha iti cet? syādetat-yathā bahuṣvāsīneṣu svanāmaviśeṣeṇa sambandhāghrahaṇānmāmayaṃ sambodhayatīti, śṛṇvannapi sambodhyamāno viśeṣato na pratipadyate, tathemāni bṛhannityevamādīni mama nāmānītyagṛhītasambandhatvātprāṇo na gṛhṇāti sambodhanārthaṃ śabdam, na tvavijñātṛtvādeveti cet?
na;devatābhyupagame 'ghrahaṇānupapatteḥ | yasya hi candrādyabhimāninī devatā adhyātmaṃ prāṇo bhoktā abhyupagamyate, tasya tathā saṃvyavahārāya viśeṣanāmnā sambandho 'vaśyaṃ grahītavyaḥ, anyathā āhvānādiviṣaye saṃvyavahāro 'nupapannaṃ syāt |
vyatiriktapakṣe 'pyapratipattera yuktamiti cet? yasya ca prāṇavyatirikto bhoktā, tasyāpi bṛhannityādināmabhiḥ sambodhane bṛhattvādināmnāṃ tadā tadviṣayatvātpratipattiryuktā | na ca kadācidapi bṛhattvādiśabdaiḥ sambodhitaḥ
pratipadyamāno dṛśyate | tasmādakāraṇamabhoktṛtve sambodhanāpratipattiriti cet?
na;tadvatastāvanmātrābhimānānupapatteḥ | yasya prāṇavyatirikto bhoktā sa prāṇadevatāmātre 'bhimāno yathā haste | tasmātprāṇanāmasambodhane kṛtsnābhimānino yuktaivāpratipattiḥ;na tu prāṇasyāsādhāraṇanāmasaṃyoge, devatātmatvānabhimānāccātmanaḥ |
svanāmaprayoge 'pyapratipattidarśanādayuktamiti cet? suṣuptasya yallaukikaṃ devadattādi nāma tenāpi sambodhyamānaḥ kadācinna pratipadyate suṣuptaḥ | tathā bhoktāpi sanprāṇo na pratipadyata iti cet?
na, ātmaprāṇayoḥ suptāsuptatvaviśeṣopapatteḥ | suṣuptatvātprāṇagrastatayoparatakaṇa ātmā svaṃ nāma prayujyamānamapi na pratipadyate | na tu tadasuptasya prāṇasya bhoktṛtva uparatakaraṇatvaṃ sambodhanāgrahaṇaṃ vā yuktam |
aprasiddhanāmabhiḥ sambodhanamayuktamiti cet- santi hi prāṇaviṣayāṇi prasiddhāni prāṇādināmāni;tānyapohya
aprasiddhairbṛhattvādināmabhiḥ sambodhanamayuktam, laukikanyāyāpohāt | tasmādbhoktureva sataḥ prāṇasyāpratipattiriti cet? na, devatāpratyākhyānārthatvāt | kevalasambodhanamātrāpratipattyaiva asuptasyādhyātmikasya prāṇasyābhokatṛtve siddhe yaccandradevatāviṣayairnāmabhiḥ sambodhanam, taccandradevatā prāṇo 'smiñcharīre bhokteti gārgyasya viśeṣapratipattinirākaraṇārtham | na hi tallaukikanāmnā sambodhaneśakyaṃ kartum | prāṇagrastatvātkaraṇāntarāṇāṃ pravṛttyanupapatterbhoktṛtvāśaṅkānupapattiḥ | devatāntarābhāvācca |
nanvatiṣṭhā ityādyātmanvītyantena granthena guṇavaddevatābhedasya darśitatvāditi cet?
na, tasya prāṇa evaikatvābhyupagamātsarvaśrutiṣvaranābhinidarśanena | "satyenacchannam prāṇo vā amṛtam"iti ca prāṇabāhyasyānyasyānabhyupagamādbhoktuḥ"eṣa u hyeva sarve devāḥ" "katama eko deva iti prāṇaḥ"iti ca sarvadevānāṃ prāṇa evaikatvopapādanācca | tathā karaṇabhedeṣvanāśaṅkā, dehabhedeṣviva smṛtijñānecchadipratisandhānānupapatteḥ;na hyanyadṛṣṭamanyaḥ smarati jānātīcchati pratisandadhāti vā | tasmānna karaṇabhedaviṣayā bhoktṛtvāśaṅkā vijñānamātraviṣayā vā kadācidapyupapadyate |
nanu saṅghāta evāstu bhoktā, kiṃ vyatiriktakalpanayeti? na;āpeṣaṇe viśeṣadarśanāt | yadi hi prāṇaśarīrasaṅghātamātro bhoktā syātsaṅghātamātrāviśeṣātsadā āpiṣṭasyānāpiṣṭasya ca pratibodhe viśeṣo na syāt | saṅghātavyatirikte tu punarbhoktari saṅghātasambandhaviśeṣānekatvāt peṣaṇāpeṣaṇakṛtavedanāyāḥ sukhaduḥkhamohamadhyamādhamottamakarmaphalabhedopapatteśca viśeṣo yuktaḥ | na tu saṅghātamātre sambandhakarmaphalabhedānupapatterviśeṣo yuktaḥ |
tathā śabdādipaṭumāndyādikṛtaśca | asti cāyaṃ viśeṣaḥ-yasmātsparśamātreṇāpratibudhyamānaṃ puruṣaṃ suptaṃ pāṇinā āpeṣamāpiṣyāpiṣya bodhayāñcakārājātaśatruḥ | tasmādya āpeṣaṇena pratibubudhe jvalanniva sphuranniva kutaścidāgata iva piṇḍaṃ ca pūrvaviparītaṃ bodhaceṣṭākāraviśeṣādimattvenāpādayan, so 'nyo 'sti gārgyābhimatabrahmabhyo vyatirikta iti siddham |
saṃhatatvācca pārārthyopapattiḥ prāṇasya | gṛhasya stambhādivaccharīrasya antarupaṣṭambhakaḥ prāṇaḥ śarīrādibhiḥ saṃhata ityavocāma | aranemivacca, nābhisthānīya etasminsarvamiti ca | tasmād gṛhādivatsvāvayavasamudāyajātīyavyatiriktārthaṃsaṃhanyataityevamagacchāma |
stambhakuḍyatṛṇakāṣṭhādigṛhāvayavānāṃ svātmajanmopacayāpacaya-vināśanāmā-kṛtikārya-dharma- nirapekṣalabdha - sattāditadviṣaya-draṣṭṛ-śrotṛ-mantṛvijñātrarthatvaṃ dṛṣṭvā manyāmahe, tatsaṅghātasya ca - tathā prāṇādyava yavānāṃ tatsaṅghātasya ca svātma -janmopacayā -pacaya -vināśanāmākṛti -kāryadharma -nirapekṣalabdhasattāditadviṣayadraṣṭṛśrotṛmantṛvijñātrarthatvaṃ bhavitumarhatīti |
devatācetanāvattve samatvādguṇabhāvānupagama iti cet-prāṇasya viśiṣṭairnāmabhirāmantraṇadarśanāccetanāvattvamabhyupagatam | cetanāvattve ca pārārthyopagamaḥ samatvādanupapanna iti cet?
na;nirupādhikasya kevalasya vijijñāpayiṣitatvāt | kriyākārakaphalātmakatā hyātmano nāmarūpopādhijanitā avidyādhyāropitā | tannimitto lokasya kriyākārakaphalābhimānalakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāraḥ | sa nirupādhikātmasvarūpavidyayā nivartayitavya iti tatsvarūpavijijñāpayiṣayopaniṣadārambhaḥ"brahma te bravāṇi" "naitāvatā viditaṃ bhavati"iti copakramya"etāvadarekhalvamṛtatvam"iti copasaṃhārāt | na cāto 'nyadantarāle vivakṣitamuktaṃ vāsti | tasmādanavasaraḥ samatvād guṇabhāvānupagama iti codyasya |
viśeṣavato hi sopādhikasya saṃvyavahārārtho guṇaguṇibhāvaḥ, na viparītasya |
nirūpākhyo hi vijijñāpayiṣitaḥ sarvasyāmupaniṣadi |
"sa eṣa neti neti"ityupasaṃhārāt |
tasmādādityādibrahmabhya etebhyo 'vijñānamayebhyo vilakṣaṇo 'nyo 'sti vijñānamaya ityetatsiddham || 15 ||

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- yatraiṣa etat supto 'bhūd ya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣaḥ kvaiṣa tadābhūt kuta etad āgād iti | tad u ha na mene gārgyaḥ ||

16. Agâtasatru said: 'When this man was thus asleep, where was then the person (purusha), the intelligent? and from whence did he thus come back?' Gârgya did not know this?

sa evamajātaśatrurvyatiriktātmastitvaṃ pratipādya gārgyamuvācayatra yasminkāle eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣa etatsvapanaṃ supto 'bhūtprakpāṇipeṣapratibodhāt; vijñānaṃ vijñāyate 'nenetyantaḥ karaṇaṃ buddhirucyate, tanmayastatprāyo vijñānamayaḥ | kiṃ punastatprāyatvam? tasminnupalabhyatvaṃ tena copalabhyatvamupalabdhṛtvaṃ ca; kathaṃ punarmayaṭo 'nekārthatve prāyārthataivāvagamyate? "sa vā ayamātmā brahma vijñānamayo manomayaḥ"ityevamādau prāyārtha eva prayogadarśanāt, paravijñānavikāratvasyāprasiddhatvāt,"ya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ"iti ca prasiddhavadanuvādād avayavopamārthayoścātrāsambhavāt pāriśeṣyātprāyārthataiva | tasmātsaṅgalpavikalpādyātmakamantaḥkaraṇaṃ tanmaya ityetat | puruṣaḥ puri śayanāt |
kvaiṣa tadābhūditi praśnaḥ svabhāvavijñāpayiṣayā-prākpratibodhātkriyākārakaphalaviparītasvabhāva ātmeti kāryābhāvena didarśayiṣitam;na hi prākpratibodhātkarmādikāryaṃ sukhādi kiñcana gṛhyate;na hi prākpratibodhātkarmādikāryaṃ sukhādi kiñcana gṛhyate;tasmādakarmaprayuktatvāttathāsvābhāvyamevātmano 'vagamyate-yasminsvābhāvye 'bhūt, yataśca svābhāvyātpracyutaḥ saṃsārī svabhāvavilakṣaṇa iti- etadvivakṣayā pṛcchati gārgyaṃ pratibhānarahitaṃ buddhivyutpādanāya |
kvaiṣa tadābhūt? kuta etadāgāt? ityetadubhayaṃ gārgyeṇaiva praṣṭavyamāsīt, tathāpi gārgyeṇa na pṛṣṭamiti nodāste ajātaśatruḥ, bodhayitavya eveti pravartate |
jñapayiṣyāmyeveti pratijñātatvāt |
evamasau vyutpādyamāno 'pi gārgyo yatraiṣa ātmābhūtprākpratibodhād yataścaitadāgamanamāgāt tadubhayaṃ na vyutpede vaktuṃ vā praṣṭuṃ vā gārgyo ha na mene na jñātavān || 16 ||

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- yatraiṣa etat supto 'bhūd ya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣas tad eṣāṃ prāṇānāṃ vijñānena vijnānam ādāya ya eṣo 'ntar hṛdaya ākāśas tasmiñ chete | tāni yadā gṛhṇāti | atha haitat puruṣaḥ svapiti nāma | tad gṛhīta eva prāṇo bhavati | gṛhītā vāg | gṛhītaṃ cakṣur | gṛhītaṃ śrotram | gṛhītaṃ manaḥ ||

17. Agâtasatru said: 'When this man was thus asleep, then the intelligent person (purusha), having through the intelligence of the senses (prânas) absorbed within himself all intelligence, lies in the ether, which is in the heart. When he takes in these different kinds of intelligence, then it is said that the man sleeps (svapiti). Then the breath is kept in, speech is kept in, the ear is kept in, the eye is kept in, the mind is kept in.

sa hovācājātaśatrurvivakṣitārthasamarpaṇāya-yatraiṣa etatsupto 'bhūdya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣaḥ etatsupto 'bhūdya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣaḥ kvaiṣa tadābhūt? kuta etadāgāt? iti yadapṛcchāma, tacchṛṇūcyamānam-yatraiṣa etat supto 'bhūttattadātasminkāle eṣāṃ vāgādīnāṃ prāṇānāṃ vijñānenāntaḥkaraṇagatābhivyaktiviśeṣavijñānena upādhisvabhāvajanitena ādāya vijñānaṃ vāgādīnāṃ svasvaviṣayagatasāmarthyaṃ gṛhītvā, ya eṣo 'ntarmadhye hṛdaye hṛdayasyākāśaḥ, ya ākāśaśabdena para eva sva ātmocyate, tasminsve ātmanyākāśe śete svābhāvike 'sāṃsārike |
na kevala ākāśa eva, śrutyantarasāmarthyāt-"satā somya tadā sampanno bhavati"iti | liṅgopādhisambandhakṛtaṃ viśeṣātmasvarūpamutsṛjya aviśeṣe svābhāvike ātmanyeva kevale vartata ityabhiprāyaḥ
yadā śarīrendriyādhyakṣatāmutsṛjati, tadāsau svātmani vartata iti kathamavagamyate? nāmaprasiddhyā | kāsau nāmaprasiddhiḥ? ityāha-tāni vāgādervijñānāni yadā yasminkāle gṛhṇātyādatte atha tadā haitatpuruṣaḥ svapiti
nāma-etannāmāsya puruṣasya tadā prasiddhaṃ bhavati | gauṇamevāsya nāma bhavati | svamevātmānamapītyapigacchatīti svapitītyucyate |
satyaṃ svapitītināmaprasiddhyā ātmanaḥ saṃsāradharmavilakṣaṇaṃ rūpamavagamyate, na tvatra yuktirastītyāśaṅkyāha-tatttra svāpakāle gṛhīta eva prāṇo bhavati |
prāṇa iti ghrāṇendriyam, vāgādiprakaraṇāt;vāgādisambandhe hi sati sadupādhitvādasya saṃsāradharmitvaṃ lakṣyate |
vāgādayaścopasaṃhṛtā eva tadā tena |
katham? gṛhītā vāggṛhītaṃ cakṣurgṛhītaṃ śrotraṃ gṛhītaṃ manaḥ |
tasmādupasaṃhṛteṣu vāgādiṣu kriyākārakaphalātmatābhāvātsvātmastha evātmābhavatītyavagamyate || 17 ||
nanu darśanalakṣaṇāyāṃ svapnāvasthāyāṃ kāryakaraṇaviyoge 'pi saṃsāradharmitvamasya dṛśyate | yathā ca jāgarite sukhī duḥkhī bandhuviyuktaḥ śocati muhyate ta;tasmācchokamohadharmavānevāyam | nāsya śokamohādāyaḥ sukhaduḥkhādayaśca kāryakaraṇasaṃyogajanitabhrāntyādhyāropitā iti |
na mṛṣātvāt |

sa yatraitat svapnyayā carati te hāsya lokāḥ | tad uteva mahārājo bhavaty uteva mahābrāhmaṇaḥ | utevoccāvacaṃ nigacchati | sa yathā mahārājo jānapadān gṛhītvā sve janapade yathākāmaṃ parivartetaivam evaiṣa etat prāṇān gṛhītvā sve śarīre yathākāmaṃ parivartate ||

18. But when he moves about in sleep (and dream), then these are his worlds. He is, as it were, a great king; he is, as it were, a great Brâhmana; he rises, as it were, and he falls. And as a great king might keep in his own subjects, and move about, according to his pleasure, within his own domain, thus does that person (who is endowed with intelligence) keep in the various senses (prânas) and move about, according to his pleasure, within his own body (while dreaming).

sa prakṛta ātmā yatra yasminkāle darśanalakṣaṇayā svapnyayā svapnavṛttyā carati vartate tadā te hāsya lokāḥ karmaphalāni | ke te? tattatrotāpi mahārāja iva bhavati | so 'yaṃ mahārājatvamivāsya lokaḥ, na mahārājatvameva jāgarita iva | tathā mahābrāhmaṇa iva, utāpyuccāvacamuccaṃ ca devatvādyavacaṃ ca tiryaktvādi, uccamivāvacamiva ca nigacchati | mṛṣaiva mahārājatvādayo 'sya lokāḥ, ivaśabdaprayogādvyabhicāradarśanācca | tasmānna bandhuviyogādijanitaśokamohādibhiḥ svapne sambadhyata eva |
nanu ca yathā jāgarite jāgratkālāvyabhicāriṇo lokāḥ, evaṃ svapne 'pi te 'sya mahārājatvādayo lokāḥ svapnakālabhāvinaḥ svapnakālāvyabhicāriṇa ātmabhūtā eva, na tvavidyādhyāropitā iti |
nanu ca jāgratkāryakaraṇātmatvaṃ devatātmatvaṃ cāvidyādhyāropitaṃ na paramārthata iti vyatiriktavijñānamayātmapradarśanena pradarśitam | tatkathaṃ dṛṣṭāntatvena svapnalokasya mṛta ivojjīviṣyanprādurbhaviṣyati? satyam, vijñānamaye vyatirikte kāryakaraṇadevatātmatvapradarśanam avidyādhyāropitam-śuktikāyāmiva rajatatvadarśanam-ityetatsiddhyati vyatiriktātmāstitvapradarśananyāyenaiva, na tu tadviśuddhiparatayaiva nyāya uktaḥ;ityasannapi dṛṣṭānto jāgratkāryakaraṇadevatātmatvadarśanalakṣaṇaḥ punarudbhāvyate | sarvo hi nyāyaḥ kiñcidviśeṣamapekṣamāṇo 'punaruktibhavati |
na tāvatsvapne 'nubhūtamahārājatvādayo lokā ātmabhūtāḥ;ātmano 'nyasya jāgratprativimbabhūtasya lokasya darśanāt | mahārāja eva tāvadvyastasuptāsu prakṛtiṣu paryaṅke śayānaḥ svapnānpaśyannupasaṃhṛtakaraṇaḥ punarupagataprakṛtiṃ mabārājamivātmānaṃ jāgarita iva paśyati yātrāgataṃ bhuñjānamiva ca bhogān | na ca tasya mabārājasya paryaṅke śayanād dvitīyo 'nyaḥ prakṛtyupeto viṣaye paryaṭannahani loke prasiddho 'sti, yamasau suptaḥ paśyati | na copasaṃhṛtakaraṇasya rūpādimato darśanamupapadyate | na ca dehe dehāntarasya tattulyasya sambhavo 'sti, dehasthasyaiva hi svapnadarśanam |
nanu paryaṅke śayānaḥ pathi pravṛttamātmānaṃ paśyati-na bahiḥ svapnānpaśyatītyetadāha-sa mahārājo jānapadāñjanapade bhavānrājopakaraṇabhūtānbhṛtyānanyāṃśca gṛhītvopādāya sva ātmīya eva jayādinopārjite janapade yathākāmaṃ yo yaḥ kāmo 'sya yathākāmamicchāto yathā parivartetetyarthaḥ;evamevaiṣa vijñānamayaḥ, etaditi kriyāviśeṣaṇam,
prāṇāngṛhītvā jāgaritasthānebhya upasaṃhṛtya sve śarīre sva eva dehe na bahiḥ yathākāmaṃ parivartate;kāmakarmabhyāmudbhāsitāḥ pūrvānubhūtavastusadṛśīrvāsanā anubhavatītyarthaḥ |
tasmātsvapne mṛṣādhyāropitā evātmabhūtatvena lokā avidyamānā eva santaḥ, tathā jāgarite 'pi, iti pratyetavyam |
tasmādviśuddho 'kriyākārakaphalātmako vijñānamaya ityetatsiddham |
yasmād dṛśyante draṣṭurviṣayabhūtāḥ kriyākārakaphalātmakāḥ kāryakaraṇalakṣaṇā lokāḥ, tathā svapne 'pi, tasmādanyo 'sau dṛśyebhyaḥ svapnajāgaritalokebhyo draṣṭā vijñānamayo viśuddhaḥ || 18 ||
darśanavṛttau svapne vāsanārāśerdṛśyatvādataddharmateti viśuddhatāvagatā ātmanaḥ | tatra yathākāmaṃ parivartata iti kāmavaśātparivartanamuktam | draṣṭurdṛśyasambandhaścāsya svābhāvika ityaśuddhatā śaṅkyate;atastadviśuddhyarthamāha-

atha yadā suṣupto bhavati | yadā na kasya cana veda | hitā nāma nādyo dvāsaptatiḥ sahasrāṇi hṛdayāt purītatam abhipratiṣṭhante | tābhiḥ pratyavasṛpya purītati śete | sa yathā kumāro add. vā mahārājo vā mahābrāhmaṇo vātighnīm ānandasya gatvā śayīta | evam evaiṣa etac chete ||

19. Next, when he is in profound sleep, and knows nothing, there are the seventy-two thousand arteries called Hita, which from the heart spread through the body. Through them he moves forth and rests in the surrounding body. And as a young man, or a great king, or a great Brâhmana, having reached the summit of happiness, might rest, so does he then rest.

atha yadā suṣupto bhavati-yadā svapnyayā carati, tadāpyayaṃ viśuddha eva | atha punaryadā hitvā darśanavṛttiṃ svapnaṃ yadā yasminkāle suṣuptaḥ suṣṭhu suptaḥ samprasādaṃ svābhāvyena prasīdati | kadā suṣupto bhavati? yadā yasminkāle na kasyana na kiñcanetyarthaḥ, veda vijānāti;kasyacana vā śabdādeḥ sambandhi vastvantaraṃ kiñcana na vedetyadhyāhāryam;pūrvaṃ tu nyāyyam, supte tu viśeṣavijñānābhāvasya vivakṣitatvāt |
evaṃ tāvadviśeṣavijñānābhāve suṣupto bhavatītyuktam | kena punaḥ krameṇa suṣupto bhavati? ityucyate-hitā nāma hitā ityevaṃnāmnyo nāḍyaḥ śirā dehasyānnarasavipariṇāmabhūtāḥ, tāśca dvāsaptatiḥ sahasrāṇi, dve sahasre adhike saptatiśca sahasrāṇi tā dvāsaptatiḥ sahasrāṇi, hṛdayāt-hṛdayaṃ nāma māṃsapiṇḍaḥ-tasmānmāṃsapiṇḍātpuṇḍarīkākārāt, purītataṃ hṛdayapariveṣṭanamācakṣate,
tadupalakṣitaṃ śarīramiha purītatamabhipratiṣṭhanta iti śarīraṃ kṛtsnaṃ vyāpnuvatyo 'śvatthaparṇarājaya iva bahirmukhyaḥ pravṛttā ityarthaḥ |
tatra buddherantaḥkaraṇasya hṛdayaṃ sthānam, tatrasthabuddhitantrāṇi cetarāṇi bāhyāni karaṇāni | tena buddhiḥ karmavaśācchrotrādīni tābhirnāḍībhirmatsyajālavatkarṇaśaṣkulyādisthānebhyaḥ prasārayati, prasāryacādhitiṣṭhati jāgaritakāle | tāṃ vijñānamayo 'bhivyaktasvātmacaitanyāvabhāsatayā vyāpnoti | saṅkocanakāle ca tasyā anusaṅkucita;so 'sya vijñānamayasya svāpaḥ;jāgradvikāsānubhavo bhogaḥ;buddhyupādhisvabhāvānuvidhāyī hi saḥ, candrādipratibimba iva jalādyanuvidhāyī | tasmāttasyā buddherjāgradviṣayāyāstābhirnāḍībhiḥ pratyavasarpaṇamanu pratyavasṛpya purītati śarīre śete tiṣṭhati, taptamiva lohapiṇḍamaviśeṣeṇa saṃvyāpyāgnivaccharīraṃ saṃvyāpya vartata ityarthaḥ |
svābhāvika eva svātmani vartamāno 'pi karmānugatabuddhyanuvṛttitvātpurītati śeta ityucyate | na hi suṣiptikāle śarīrasambandho 'sti | "tīrṇo hi tadā sarvāñchokānhṛdayasya"iti hi vakṣyati |
sarvasaṃsāraduḥkhaviyuktā iyamavasthetyatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ-sa yathā kumāro vā atyantabālo vā, mahārājo vātyantavaśyaprakṛtiryathoktakṛt, mahābrāhmaṇo vā atyantaparipakvavidyāvinayasampannaḥ, atighnīm-atiśayena duḥkhaṃ hantītyatighnī ānandasyāvasthā sukhāvasthā tāṃ prāpya gatvā, śayītāvatiṣṭheta |
eṣāṃ ca kumārādīnāṃ svabhāvasthānāṃ sukaṃ niratiśyaṃ prasiddhaṃ loke, vikriyamāṇānāṃ hi teṣāṃ duḥkhaṃ na svabhāvataḥ;tena teṣāṃ svābhāvikyavasthā dṛṣṭāntatvenopādīyate prasiddhatvāt | na teṣāṃ svāpa evābhipretaḥ, svāpasya dārṣṭāntikatvena vivakṣitatvādviśeṣābhāvācca | viśeṣe hi sati dṛṣṭāntadārṣṭāntikabhedaḥ syāt;tasmānna teṣāṃ svāpo dṛṣṭāntaḥ |
evameva yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, eṣa vijñānamaya etacchayanaṃ śete iti, etacchabdaḥ kriyāviśeṣaṇārthaḥ |
evamayaṃ svābhāvike sve ātmani sarvasaṃsāradharmātīto vartate svāpakāla iti || 19 ||
kvaiṣa tadābhūdityasya praśnasya prativacanamuktam | anena ca praśnanirṇayena vijñānamayasya svabhāvato viśuddhirasaṃsāritvaṃ coktam | kuta etadāgāt? ityasya praśnasyāpākaraṇārtha ārambhaḥ |
nanu yasmingrāme nagare vā yo bhavati so 'nyatra gacchaṃstata eva grāmānnagarādvā gacchati nānyataḥ | tathā sati kvaiṣa tadābhūdityetāvānevāstu praśnaḥ | yatrābhūttata evāganamaṃ prasiddhaṃ syānnānyata iti kuta etadāgāditi praśno nirarthaka eva |
kiṃ śrutirupālabhyate bhavatā? na | kiṃ tarhi? dvitīyasya praśnasyārthāntaraṃ śrotumicchāmyata ānarthakyaṃ codayāmi |
evaṃ tarhi kuta ityapādānārthatā na gṛhyate;apādānārthatve hi punaruktatā, nānyārthatve | astu tarhi nimittārthaḥ praśnaḥ-kuta etadāgāt-kinnimittamihāgamanam? iti |
na nimittārthatāpi, prativacanavairūpyāt | ātmanaśca sarvasya jagato 'gnivisphuliṅgādivadutpattiḥ prativacane śrūyate | na hi visphuliṅgānāṃ vidravaṇe 'gnirnimittamapādānameva tu saḥ | tathā paramātmā vijñānamayasyātmano 'pādānatvena śrūyate"asmādātmanaḥ"ityetasminvākye | tasmātprativacanavailomyātkuta iti praśnasya nimittārthatā na śakyate varṇayitum |
nanvapādānapakṣe 'pi punaruktatādoṣaḥ sthita eva |
naiṣa doṣaḥ, praśnābhyām ātmani kriyākārakaphalātmatāpohasya vivakṣitatvāt | iha hi vidyāvidyāviṣayāvupanyastau | "ātmetyevopāsīta" "ātmānamevāvet" "ātmānameva lokamupāsīta"iti vidyāviṣayaḥ | tathā avidyāviṣayaśca pāṅktaṃ karma tatphalaṃ cānnatrayaṃ nāmarūpakarmātmakamiti | tatrāvidyāviṣaye vaktavyaṃ sarvamuktam |
vidyāviṣayastvātmā kevala upanyasto na nirṇītaḥ | tannirṇayāya ca 'brahma te bravāṇi'iti prakrāntaṃ 'jñapayiṣyāmi'iti ca | atastadbrahma vidyāviṣayabhūtaṃ jñāpayitavyaṃ yāthātmyataḥ | tasya ca yāthātmyaṃ kriyākārakaphalabhedaśūnyamatyantaviśuddhamadvaitamityetadvivakṣitam | atastadanurūpau praśnāvutthāpyete śrutyā 'kvaiṣa tadābhūt' 'kuta etadāgāt'iti |
tatra yatra bhavati tadadhikaraṇaṃ yadbhavati tadadhikartavyam, yatoścādhikaraṇādhikartavyayorbhedo dṛṣṭo loke | tathā yata āgacchati tadapādānaṃ ya āgacchati sa kartā tasmādanyo dṛṣṭaḥ | tathā ātmā kvāpyabhūdanyasminnanyaḥ kutaścidāgādanyasmādanyaḥ kenacidbhinnena sādhanāntareṇetyevaṃ lokavatprāptā buddhiḥ | sā prativacanena nivartayitavyeti | nāyamātmā anyo 'nyatrābhūdanyo vā
anyasmādāgataḥ sādhanāntaraṃ vā ātmanyasti | kiṃ tarhi? svātmanyevābhūt 'svam (ātmānam) apīto bhavati' 'satā somya tadā sampanno bhavati' 'prājñenātmanā sampariṣvaktaḥ' | 'para ātmani sampratiṣṭhate'ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | ata eva nānyo 'nyasmādāgacchati | tacchrutyaiva pradarśyate 'asmādātmanaḥ'iti | ātmavyatirekeṇa vastvantarābhāvāt |
nanvasti prāṇādyātmavyatiriktaṃ vastvantaram | na, prāṇādestata eva niṣpatteḥ | tatkatham? ityucyate, tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ-

sa yathorṇavābhis tantunoccared yathā agneḥ kṣudrā viṣphuliṅgā vyuccaranty evam evāsmād ātmanaḥ sarve prāṇāḥ sarve lokāḥ sarve devāḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni vyuccaranti | tasyopaniṣat satyasya satyam iti | prāṇā vai satyaṃ teṣām eṣa satyam ||

20. As the spider comes out with its thread, or as small sparks come forth from fire, thus do all senses, all worlds, all Devas, all beings come forth from that Self The Upanishad (the true name and doctrine) of that Self is 'the True of the True.' Verily the senses are the true, and he is the true of the true.

sa yathā loka ūrṇanābhiḥ | ūrṇanābhirlūtākīṭa eka eva prasiddhaḥ sansvātmāpravibhaktena tantunoccaredudgacchet | na cāsti tasyodgamane svato 'tiriktaṃ kārakāntaram | yathā caikarūpādekasmādagneḥ śrudrā alpā visphuliṅgāsruṭayo 'gnyavayavā vyuccaranti vividhaṃ nānā voccaranti | yathemau dṛṣṭāntau kārakabhedābhāve 'pi pravṛttiṃ darśayataḥ, prākpravṛtteśca svabhāvata ekatvam, evamevāsmādātmano vijñānamayasya prākpratibodhādyatsvarūpaṃ tasmādityarthaḥ | sarve prāṇā vāgādayaḥ, sarve lokā bhūrādayaḥ, sarvāṇi karmaphalāni, sarve devāḥ prāṇalokādhiṣṭhātāro 'gnyādayaḥ, sarvāṇi bhūtāni brahmādistambaparyantāni prāṇijātāni, sarva eta ātmāna ityasminpāṭha upādhisamparkajanitaprabudhyamānaviśeṣātmāna ityarthaḥ, vyuccaranti |
yasmādātmanaḥ sthāvarajabhgamaṃ jagadidamagnivisphuliṅgavad vyuccaratyaniśam, yasminneva ca pralīyate jalabudbudavat, yadātmakaṃ ca vartate sthitikāle, tasyāsyātmano brahmaṇaḥ, upaniṣad;upa samīpaṃ nigamayatītyabhidhāyakaḥ śabda upaniṣadityucatyate, śāsraprāmāṇyādetacchabdagato viśeṣo 'vasīyata upanigamayitṛtvaṃ nāma |
kāsāvupaniṣadityāha-satyasya satyamiti | sā hi sarvatra copaniṣadalaukikārthatvād durvijñeyārthā, iti tadarthamācaṣṭe-prāṇā vai satyaṃ teṣāmeṣa satyamiti | etasyaiva vākyasya vyākhyānāyottaraṃ brāhmaṇadvayaṃ bhaviṣyati |
bhavatu tāvadupaniṣadvyākhyānāyottaraṃ brāhmaṇadvayam, tasyopaniṣadityuktam, tatra na jānīmaḥ kiṃ prakṛtasyātmano vijñānamayasya pāṇipeṣaṇotthitasya saṃsāriṇaḥ śabdādibhuja iyamupaniṣadāhosvidasaṃsāriṇaḥ kasyacit? kiñcātaḥ? yadi saṃsāriṇastadā saṃsāryeva vijñeyaḥ, tadvijñānādeva sarvaprāptiḥ | sa eva brahmaśabdavācyastadvidyaiva brahmavidyeti | atha asaṃsāriṇaḥ, tadā tadviṣayā vidyā brahmavidyā | tasmācca brahmavijñānātsarvabhāvāpattiḥ |
sarvametacchāsraprāmāṇyādbhaviṣyati | kintvasminpakṣe"ātmetyevopāsīta" "ātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmi"iti parabrahmaikatvapratipādikāḥ śrutayaḥ kupyeran, saṃsāriṇaścānyasyābhāve upadeśānarthakyāt | yata evaṃ paṇḍitānāmapyetanmahāmohasthānam anuktaprativacanapraśnaviṣayam; ato yathāśakti brahmavidyāpratipādakavākyeṣu brahma vijijñāsūnāṃ buddhivyutpādanāya vicārayiṣyāmaḥ |
na tāvadasaṃsārī paraḥ, pāṇipeṣaṇapratibodhitācchabdādibhujo 'vasthāntaraviśiṣṭādutpattiśruteḥ | na praśāsitāśanāyādivarjitaḥ paro vidyate, kasmāt? yasmāt 'brahma jñapayiṣyāmi' iti pratijñāya suptaṃ puruṣaṃ pāṇipeṣaṃ bodhayitvā tasyaiva svapnadvāreṇa suṣuptyākhyamavasthāntaramunnīya tasmādevātmanaḥ suṣuptyavasthāviśiṣṭād agnivisphuliṅgorṇanābhidṛṣṭāntābhyāmutpattiṃ darśayati śrutiḥ"evamevāsmāt"ityādinā | na cānyo jagadutpattikāraṇamantarāle śruto 'sti, vijñānamayasyaiva hi prakaraṇam | samānaprakaraṇe ca śrutyantare kauṣītakināmādityādipuruṣānprastutya"sa hovāca yo vai bālāka eteṣāṃ puruṣāṇāṃ kartā yasya vaitatkarma sa vai veditavyaḥ"iti prabuddhasyaiva vijñānamayasya veditavyatāṃ darśayati, nārthāntarasya |
tathā ca"ātmanastu kāmāya sarvaṃ priyaṃ bhavati"ityuktvā, ya evātmā priyaḥ prasiddhastasyaiva draṣṭavyaśrotavyamantavyanididhyāsitavyatāṃ darśayati | tathā ca vidyopanyāsakāle"ātmetyevopāsīta" "tadetatpreyaḥ putrātpreyo vittāt" "tadātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmi"ityevamādivākyānāmānulomyaṃ syātparābhāve | vakṣyati ca -"ātmānaṃ cedvijānīyādayamasmīti pūruṣaḥ"iti | sarvavedānteṣu ca pratyagātmavedyataiva pradarśyate 'hamiti, na bahirvedyatā śabdādivatpradarśyate 'sau brahmeti | tathā kauṣītakināmeva"na vācaṃ vijijñāsīta vaktāraṃ vidyāt"ityādinā vāgādikaraṇairvyāvṛttasya kartureva veditavyatāṃ darśayati |
avasthāntaraviśiṣṭo 'saṃsārīti cet-athāpi syādyo jāgarite śabdādibhugvijñānamayaḥ, sa eva suṣuptākhyamavasthāntaraṃ gato 'saṃsārī paraḥ praśāsitā anyaḥ syāditi cenna, adṛṣṭatvāt | na hyevandharmakaḥ padārtho dṛṣṭo 'nyatra vaināśikasiddhāntāt | na hi loke gaustiṣṭhan gacchanvā gaurbhavati, śayānastvaśvādijātyantaramiti | nyāyācca-yaddharmako yaḥ padārdhaḥ pramāṇenāvagato bhavati, sa deśakālāvasthāntareṣvapi taddharmaka eva bhavati | sa cettaddharmakatvaṃ vyabhicarati, sarvaḥ pramāṇavyavahāro lupyeta | tathā ca nyāyavidaḥ sāṅkhyamīmāṃsakādayo 'saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvaṃ yuktiśataiḥ pratipādayanti |
saṃsāriṇo 'pi jagadutpattisthitilayakriyākartṛtvavijñānasyābhāvād ayuktamiti cet-yanmahatā prapañcena sthāpitaṃ bhavatā, śabdādibhuksaṃsāryevāvasthāntaraviśiṣṭo jagata iha karteti-tadasat; yato jagadutpattisthitilayakriyākartṛtvavijñānaśaktisādhanābhāvaḥ sarvalokapratyakṣaḥ saṃsāriṇaḥ | sa kathamasmadādiḥ saṃsārī manasāpi cintayitumaśakyaṃ pṛthivyādivinyāsaviśiṣṭaṃ jagannirminuyāt? ato 'yuktamiti cenna, śāsrāt; śāsraṃ saṃsāriṇaḥ"evamevāsmādātmanaḥ"iti jagadutpattyādi darśayati | tasmātsarvaṃ śraddheyamiti syādayamekaḥ pakṣaḥ |
"yaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvavit" "yo 'śanāyāpipāse atyeti" "asaṅgo na hi sajjate" "etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane" "yaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhannantaryāmyamṛtaḥ" "sa yastānpuruṣānniruhyātyakrāmat" "sa vā eṣa mahānaja ātmā"
"eṣa seturvidharaṇaḥ" "sarvasya vaśī sarvasyeśānaḥ" "ya ātmāpahatapāpmā vijaro vimṛtyuḥ" "tattejo 'sṛjata" "ātmā vā idameka evāgra āsīt" "na lipyate lokaduḥkhena bāhyaḥ"ityādiśrutiśatebhyaḥ | smṛteśca"ahaṃ sarvasya prabhavo mattaḥ sarvaṃ pravartate"iti paro 'styasaṃsārī | śrutismṛtinyāyebhyaśca | sa ca kāraṇaṃ jagataḥ | nan"vevamevāsmādātmana"iti
saṃsāriṇa evotpattiṃ | darśayatītyuktam | na | "ya eṣo 'ntarhṛdaya ākāśa"iti parasya prakṛtatvādasmādātmana iti yuktaḥ parasyaiva parāmarśaḥ | "kvaiṣa tadābhūdi"tyasya praśnasya prativacanatvenā'kāśaśabdavācyaḥ para ātmokto"ya eṣo 'ntarhṛdaya ākāśastasmiñcheta"iti | "satā somya tadā sampanno bhavatya" "harahargacchantya etaṃ brahmalokaṃ na vidanti" "prājñenā'tmanā sampariṣvaktaḥ" "para ātmani saṃpratiṣṭhate"ityādiśrutibhya ākāśaśabdaḥ para ātmeti niścīyate | "daharo 'sminnantarākāśa"iti prastutya tasminnevā'tmaśabdaprayogācca | prakuta eva para ātmā | tasmādyuktameva asmādātmana iti paramātmana eva sṛṣṭiriti | saṃsāriṇaḥ sṛṣṭisthitisaṃhārajñānasāmarthyābhāvaṃ cāvotāma |
atra ca"ātmetyevopāsīta" "ātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmī"ti brahmavidyā prastutā | brahmaviṣayañca brahmavijñānamiti | "brahma te bravāṇī"ti"brahma jñapayiṣyāmī"ti prārabdham | tatredānīmasaṃsāri brahma jagataḥ kāraṇamaśanāyādyatītaṃ nityaśuddhabuddhamuktasvabhāvaṃ tadviparītaśca saṃsārī tasmādahaṃ brahmāsmīti na gṛhṇīyāt | paraṃ hi devamīśānaṃ nikṛṣṭaḥ saṃsāryātmatvena smarankathaṃ na doṣabhāksyāt | tasmānnāhaṃ brahmāsmīti yuktam |
tasmātpuṣpodakāñjalistutinamaskārabalyupahārasvādhyāyadhyānayogādibhirār irādhayiṣeta | ārādhanena viditvā sarveśitṛ brahma bhavati | na punarasaṃsāri brahma saṃsāryātmatvena cintayedagnimiva śītatvenā'kāśamiva mūrtimatvena | brahmātmatvapratipādakamapi śāsramarthavādo bhaviṣyati | sarvatarkaśāsralokanyāyaiścaivamavirodhaḥ syāt | na, mantrabrāhmaṇavādebhyastasyaiva praveśa śravaṇāt | "puraścakra"iti prakṛtya"puraḥ puruṣa āviśadi"ti"rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva tadasya rūpaṃ praticakṣaṇāya" "sarvāṇi rūpāṇi vicitya dhoro nāmāni kṛtvābhivadanyadāste"iti sarvaśākhāsu sahasraśo mantravādāḥ sṛṣṭikarturevāsaṃsāriṇaḥ śarīrapraveśaṃ darśayanti | tathā brāhmaṇavādāḥ | "tatsṛṣṭvā tadevānuprāviśat" "sa etameva sīmānaṃ vidāryaitayā dvārā prāpadyata" "seyaṃ devatemāstisatro devatā anena jīvenā'tmanānupraviśya" "eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu gūḍhātmā na prakāśate"ityādyāḥ | sarvaśrutiṣu ca brahmaṇyātmaśabdaprayogādātmaśabdasya ca pratyagātmābhidhāyakatvāt"eṣa sarvabhūtāntarātmā"iti ca śruteḥ paramātmavyatirekeṇa saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvāt"ekamevādvitīyam" "brahmaivedam" "ātmaivedam"ityādiśrutibhyo yuktamevāhaṃ brahmāsmītyavadhārayitum |
yadaivaṃ sthitaḥ śāsrārthastadā paramātmanaḥ saṃsaritvam | tathā ca sati śāsrānarthakyamasaṃsāritve copadeśānarthakyaṃ spaṣṭo doṣaḥ prāptaḥ | yadi tāvatparamātmā sarvabhūtāntarātmā sarvaśarīrasamparkajanitaduḥkhānyanubhavatīti spaṣṭaṃ parasya saṃsāritvaṃ prāptam | tathā ca parasyāsaṃsāritvapratipādikāḥ śrutayaḥ kupyeransmṛtayaśca sarve ca nyāyāḥ | atha kathañcitprāṇiśarīrasambandhajairduḥkhairna sambadhyata iti śakyaṃ pratipādayituṃ paramātmanaḥ sādhyaparihāryābhāvādupadeśānarthakyadoṣo na śakyate nivārayitum | atra kecitparihāramācakṣate | paramātmā na sākṣādbhūteṣvanupraviṣṭaḥ svena rūpeṇa | kiṃ tarhi vikārabhāvamāpanno vijñānātmatvaṃ pratipede |
sa ca vijñānātmā parasmādanyo 'nanyaśca | yenānyastena saṃsāritvasambandhī yenānanyastenāhaṃ brahmetyavadhāraṇārhaḥ | evaṃ sarvamaviruddhaṃ bhaviṣyatīti |
tatra vijñānātmano vikārapakṣe etā gatayaḥ-pṛthivīdravyavadane-kadravyasamāhārasya sāvayavasya paramātmana ekadeśavipariṇāmo vijñānātmā ghaṭādivat | pūrvasaṃsthānāvasthasya vā parasyaikadeśo vikriyate keśoṣarādivat, sarva eva vā paraḥ pariṇametkṣīrādivat |
tatra samānajātīyānekadravyasamūhasya kaściddravyaviśeṣo vijñānātmatvaṃ pratipadyate yadā, tadā samānajātīyatvādekatvamupacaritameva na tu paramārthataḥ | tathā ca sati siddhāntavirodhaḥ |
atha nityāyutasiddhāvayavānugato 'vayavī para ātmā, tasya tadavasthasyaikadeśo vijñānātmā saṃsārī-tadāpi sarvāvayavānugatatvādavayavina evāvayavagato doṣo guṇo veti, vijñānātmanaḥ saṃsāritvadoṣeṇa para evātmā sambadhyata iti, iyamapyaniṣṭā kalpanā | kṣīravatsarvapariṇāmapakṣe sarvaśrutismṛtikopaḥ, sa cāniṣṭaḥ | "niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntam" "divyo hyamūrtaḥ puruṣaḥ sabāhyābhyantaro hyajaḥ" "ākāśavatsarvagataśca nityaḥ" "sa vā eṣa mahānaja ātmājaro 'maro 'mṛtaḥ" "na jāyate mriyate vā kadācit" "avyakto 'yam"ityādiśrutismṛtinyāyaviruddhā ete sarve pakṣāḥ |
acalasya paramātmana ekadeśapakṣe vijñānātmanaḥ karmaphalavaddeśasaṃsaraṇānupapattiḥ, parasya vā saṃsāritvam-ityuktam | parasyaikadeśo 'gnivisphuliṅgavatsphuṭito vijñānātmā saṃsaratīti cet-tathāpi parasyāvayavasphuṭanena kṣataprāptiḥ, tatsaṃsaraṇe ca paramātmanaḥ pradeśāntarāvayavavyūhe chidratāprāptiḥ, avraṇatvavākyavirodhaśca | ātmāvayavabhūtasya vijñānātmanaḥ saṃsaraṇe paramātmaśūnyapradeśābhāvādavayavāntaranodanavyūhanābhyāṃ hṛdayaśūleneva paramātmano duḥkhitvaprāptiḥ |
agnivisphuliṅgādidṛṣṭāntaśruterna doṣa iti cet? na, śruterjñāpakatvāt;na śāsraṃ padārthānanyathā kartuṃ pravṛttam | kiṃ tarhi? yathābhūtānāmajñātānāṃ jñāpane | kiñcātaḥ? śṛṇu-ato yadbhavati, yathābhūtā mūrtāmūrtādipadārthadharmā loke prasiddhāḥ | taddṛṣṭāntopādānena tadavirodhyeva vastvantaraṃ jñāpayituṃ pravṛttaṃ śāsraṃ na laukikavastuvirodhajñāpanāya laukikavastuvirodhajñāpanāya laukikameva dṛṣṭāntamupādatte | upādīyamāno 'pi dṛṣṭānto 'narthakaḥ syāddārṣṭāntikāsaṅgateḥ | na hyāgniḥ śīta ādityo na tapatīti vā dṛṣṭāntaśatenāpi pratipādayituṃ śakyam, pramāṇāntareṇānyathādhigatatvādvastunaḥ | na ca pramāṇaṃ pramāṇāntareṇa virudhyate, pramāṇāntarāviṣayameva hi pramāṇāntaraṃ jñāpayati | na ca laukikapadapadārthāśrayaṇavyatirekeṇāgamena śakyamajñātaṃ vastvantaramavagamayitum | tasmātprasiddhanyāyamanusaratā na śakyā paramātmanaḥ sāvayavāṃśāṃśitvakalpanā paramārthataḥ pratipādayitum |
"kṣudrā visphuliṅgāḥ" "mamaivāṃśaḥ"iti ca śrūyate smaryate ceti cenna, ekatvapratyayārthaparatvāt | agnerhi visphuliṅgo 'gnireva ityekatvapratyayārhe dṛṣṭo loke; tathā cāṃśoṃ'śinaikatvapratyayārhaḥ; tatraivaṃ sati vijñānātmanaḥ paramātmavikārāṃśatvavācakāḥ śabdāḥ paramātmavikārāṃśatvavācakāḥ śabdāḥ paramātmaikatvapratyayādhitsavaḥ |
upakramopasaṃhārābhyāṃ ca-sarvāsu hyupaniṣatsu pūrvamekatvaṃ pratijñāya, dṛṣṭāntairhetubhiśca paramātmano vikārāṃśāditvaṃ jagataḥ pratipādya, punarekatvamupasaṃharati; tadyathehaiva tāvat"idaṃ sarvaṃ yadayamātmā"iti pratijñāya, utpattisthitilayahetudṛṣṭāntairvikāravikāritvādyekatvapratyayahetūnprati pādya"anantaramabāhyam" "ayamātmā brahma"ityupasaṃhariṣyati | tasmādupakramopasaṃhariṣyati | tasmādupakramopasaṃhārābhyāmayamartho niścīyate paramātmaikatvapratyayadraḍhimna utpattisthitilayapratipādakāni vākyānīti |
anyathā vākyabhedaprasaṅgācca-sarvopaniṣatsu hi vijñānātmanaḥ paramātmanaikatvapratyayo vidhīyata ityavipratipattiḥ sarveṣāmupaniṣadvādinām | tadvidhyekavākyayoge ca sambhavatyutpattyādivākyānāṃ na pramāṇamasti;phalāntaraṃ ca kalpayitavyaṃ syāt;tasmādutpattyādiśrutaya ātmaikatvapratipādanaparāḥ |
atra ca sampradāyavida ākhyāyikāṃ sampracakṣate-kaścitkila rājapitro jātamātra eva mātāpitṛbhyāmapaviddho vyādhagṛhe saṃvardhitaḥ, so 'muṣya vaṃśyatāmajānanvyādhajātipratyayo vyādhajātikarmāṇyevānuvartate; na rājāsmīti rājajātikarmāṇyanuvartate | yadā punaḥ kaścitparamakāruṇiko rājaputrasya rājaśrīprāptiyogyatāṃ jānannamuṣya putratāṃ bodhayati-"na tvaṃ vyādho 'muṣya rājñaḥ putraḥ, kathañcidvyādhagṛhamanupraviṣṭaḥ"iti-sa evaṃ bodhitastyaktvā vyādhajātipratyayakarmāṇi pitṛpaitāmahīmātmanaḥ padavīmanuvartate rājāhamasmīti | tathā kilāyaṃ parasmādagnivisphuliṅgādivattajjātireva vibhakta iha dehendriyādigahane praviṣṭo 'saṃsārī san dehendriyādisaṃsāradharmamanuvartate-"dehendriyasaṅghāto 'smi kṛśaḥ sthūlaḥ sukhī duḥkhī"iti paramātmatāmajānannātmanaḥ | na tvametadātmakaḥ parameva brahmāsyasaṃsārīti pratibodhita ācāryeṇa hitvaiṣaṇātrayānuvṛttiṃ brahmaivāsmīti pratipadyate | atra rājaputrasya rājapratyayavadbrahmapratyayo dṛḍhībhavati-visphuliṅgava deva tvaṃ parasmādbrahmaṇo bhraṣṭa ityukte visphuliṅgasya prāgagnerbhraṃśādagnyekatvadarśanāt |
tasmādekatvapratyayadārḍhyāya suvarṇamaṇilohāgnivisphuliṅgadṛṣṭāntāḥ, notpattyādibhedapratipādanaparāḥ |
saindhavadhanavatprajñaptyekarasanairantaryāvadhāraṇāt"ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam"iti ca | yadi ca brahmaṇaścitrapaṭavad vṛkṣasamudrādivaccotpattyādyanekadharmavicitratā vijigrāhayiṣitā, ekarasaṃ saindhavaghanavadanantaramabāhyamiti nopasamahariṣyat,"ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam"iti ca na prāyokṣyata-"ya iha nāneva paśyati"iti nindāvacanaṃ ca | tasmādekarūpaikatvapratyayadārḍhyāyaiva sarvavedānteṣūtpattisthitilayādikalpanā, na tatpratyayakaraṇāya |
na ca niravayavasya paramātmano 'saṃsāriṇaḥ saṃsāryekadeśakalpanānyāyyā, svato 'deśatvātparamātmanaḥ | adeśasya parasya ekadeśasaṃsāritvakalpanāyāṃ para eva saṃsārīti kalpitaṃ bhavet | atha paropādhikṛta ekadeśaḥ parasya, ghaṭakarakādyākāśavat;na tadā tatra vivekināṃ paramātmaikadeśaḥ pṛthaksaṃvyavahārabhāgiti buddhirutpadyate |
avivekināṃ vivekināṃ copacaritā buddhirdṛṣṭeti cet? na;avivekināṃ mithyābuddhitvāt, vivekināṃ ca saṃvyavahāramātrālambanārthatvāt-yathā kṛṣṇo raktaścākāśa iti vivekināmapi kadācitkṛṣṇatā raktatā ca ākāśasya saṃvyavahāramātrālambanārthatvaṃ pratipadyata iti, na paramārthataḥ kṛṣṇo rakto vā ākāśo bhavitumarhati | ato na paṇḍitairbrahmasvarūpapratipattiviṣaye brahmaṇoṃ'śāṃśyekadeśaikadeśivikāravikāritvakalpanā kāryā, sarvakalpanāpanayanārthasāraparatvātsarvopaniṣadām |
ato hitvā sarvakalpanāmākāśasyeva nirviśeṣatā pratipattavyā-"ākāśavatsarvagataśca nityaḥ" "na lipyate lokaduḥkhena bāhyaḥ"ityādiśrutiśatebhyaḥ; nātmānaṃ brahmavilakṣaṇaṃ kalpayet-uṣṇātmaka ivāgnau śītaikadeśam, prakāśātmake vā savitari tamekadeśam-sarvakalpanāpanayanārthasāraparatvātsarvopaniṣadām | tasmānnāmarūpopādhinimittā eva ātmanyasaṃsāradharmiṇi sarve vyavahārāḥ;"rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva" "sarvāṇi rūpāṇi vicitya dhīro nāmāni kṛtvābhivadanyadāste"ityevamādimantravarṇebhyaḥ |
na svata ātmanaḥ saṃsāritvam, alaktakādyupādhisaṃyogajanitaraktasphaṭikādibuddhivadbhrāntameva, na paramārthataḥ | "dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva" "na vardhate karmaṇā no kanīyān" "na lipyate karmaṇā pāpakena" "samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantam" "śuni caiva śvapāke ca"ityādiśrutismṛtinyāyebhyaḥ paramātmano 'saṃsāritaiva | ata ekadeśo vikāraḥ śaktirvā vijñānātmā anyo veti vikalpayituṃ niravayavatvābhyupagame viśeṣato na śakyate | aṃśādiśrutismṛtivādāścaikatvārthāḥ, na tu bhedapratipādakāḥ, vivakṣitārthaikavākyayogāt-ityavocāma |
sarvopaniṣadāṃ paramātmaikatvajñāpanaparatve atha kimarthaṃ tatpratikūlor'tho vijñānātmabhedaḥ parikalpyata iti? karmakāṇḍaprāmāṇyavirodhaparihārāyetyekeca karmapratipādakāni hi vākyāni anekakriyākārakaphalabhoktṛkartrāśrayāṇi, vijñānātmabhedābhāve hyasaṃsāriṇa eva paramātmana ekatve kathamiṣṭaphalāsu kriyāsu pravartayeyuḥ? aniṣṭaphalābhyo vā kriyābhyo nivartayeyuḥ? kasya vā baddhasya mokṣāyopaniṣadārabhyeta? api ca paramātmaikatvāvādipakṣe kathaṃ paramātmaikatvopadeśaḥ? kathaṃ vā tadupadeśagrahaṇaphalam? baddhasya hi bandhanāśāyopadeśastadabhāva upaniṣacchāsraṃ nirviṣayameva |
evaṃ tarhi upaniṣadvādipakṣasya karmakāṇḍavādipakṣeṇa codyaparihārayoḥ samānaḥ panthāḥ-yena bhedābhāve karmakāṇḍaṃ nirālambanamātmānaṃ na labhte prāmāṇyaṃ prati tathopaniṣadapi | evaṃ tarhi yasya prāmāṇye svārthavidhāto nāsti, tasyaiva karmakāṇḍasyāstu prāmāṇyam;upaniṣadāṃ tu prāmāṇyakalpanāyāṃ svārthavighāto bhavediti mā bhūtprāmāṇyam | na hi karmakāṇḍaṃ pramāṇaṃ sadapramāṇaṃ bhavitumarhati;na hi pradīpaḥ prakāśyaṃ prakāśayati, na prakāśayati ceti | pratyakṣādipramāṇavipratiṣedhācca-na kevalamupaniṣado brahmaikatvaṃ pratipādayantyaḥ svārthavighātaṃ karmakāṇḍaprāmāṇyavighātaṃ ca kurvanti;pratyakṣādiniścitabhedapratipattyarthapramāṇaiśca virudhyante | tasmādaprāmāṇyamevopaniṣadām;anyārthatā vāstu;na tveva brahmaikatvapratipattyarthatā |
na;uktottaratvāt | pramāṇasya hi pramāṇatvamapramāṇatvaṃ vā pramotpādanānutpādananimitm, anyathā cetstambhādīnāṃ prāmāṇyaprasaṅgācchabdādau prameye | kiñcātaḥ? yadi tāvadupaniṣado brahmaikatvapratipattipramāṃ kurvanti, kathamapramāṇaṃ bhaveyuḥ? sa bhavānevaṃ vadanvaktavyaḥ-upaniṣatprāmāṇyapratiṣedhārthaṃ bhavato vākyamupaniṣatprāmāṇyapratiṣedhaṃ kiṃ na karotyevāgnirvā rūpaprakāśam? atha karoti | yadi karoti bhavatu tadā pratiṣedhārthaṃ pramāṇaṃ bhavadvākyam, agniśca rūpaprakāśako bhavet;pratiṣedhavākyaprāmāṇye bhavatyevopaniṣadāṃ prāmāṇyam | atra bhavanto bruvantu kaḥ parihāra iti?
nanvatra pratyatrā madāvākya upaniṣatprāmāṇyapratiṣedhārthapratipattiragnau ca rūpaprakāśanapratipattiḥ pramā | kastarhi bhavataḥ pradveṣo brahmaikatvapratyaye pramāṃ pratyakṣaṃ kurvatīṣūpaniṣatsūpalabhyamānāsu pratiṣedhānupapatteḥ | śokamohādinivṛttiśca pratyakṣaṃ phalaṃ brahmaikatvapratipattipāramparyajanitamityavocāma | tasmāduktottaratvādupaniṣadaṃ pratyaprāmāṇyaśaṅkā tāvannāsti | yaccoktaṃ svārthavighātakaratvādaprāmāṇyamiti, tadapi na, tadarthapratipatterbādhakābhāvāt | na hi
upaniṣadbhyaḥ-brahmaikamevādvitīyam, naiva ca-iti pratipattirasti;yathāgniruṣṇaḥ śītaścetyasmādvākyādviruddhārthadvayapratipattiḥ | abhyupagamya caitadavocāma;na tu vākyaprāmāṇyasamaya eṣanyāyaḥ-yadutaikasya vākyasyānekārthatvam | sati cānekārthatve, svārthaśca syāt, tadvighātakṛcca viruddho 'nyor'thaḥ | na tvetat-vākyapramāṇakānāṃ viruddhamaviruddhaṃ ca, evaṃ vākyam, anekamarthaṃ pratipādayatītyeṣa samayaḥ;arthaikatvādvyekavākyatā |
na ca kānicidupaniṣadvākyāni brahmaikatvapratiṣedhaṃ kurvanti | yattu, laukikaṃ vākyam-agniruṣṇaḥ śītaśceti, na tatraikavākyatā, tadekadeśasya pramāṇāntaraviṣayānuvāditvāt | agniḥ śīta ityetadekaṃ vākyam;agniruṣṇa iti tu pramāṇāntarānubhavasmārakam, na tu svayamarthāvabodhakam | ato nāgniḥ śīta ityanenaikavākyatā, pramāṇāntarānubhavasmāraṇenaivopakṣīṇatvāt | yattu viruddhārthapratipādakamidaṃ vākyamiti manyate, tacchītoṣṇapadābhyām agnipadasāmānādhikaraṇyaprayoganimittā bhrāntiḥ;na tvevaikasya vākyasyānekārthatvaṃ laukikasya vaidikasya vā |
yaccoktaṃ karmakāṇḍaprāmāṇyavighātakṛdupaniṣadvākyamiti, tanna; anyārthatvāt | brahmaikatvapratipādanaparā hyupaniṣado neṣṭārthaprāptau sādhanopadeśaṃ tasminvā puruṣaniyogaṃ vārayanti, anekārthatvānupapattereva | na ca karmakāṇḍavākyānāṃ svārthe pramā notpadyate | asādhāraṇe cetsvārthe pramāmutpādayati vākyam, kuto 'nyena virodhaḥ syāt? brahmaikatve nirviṣayatvātpramānotpadyata eveti cet? na, pratyakṣatvātpramāyāḥ | "darśapūrṇamāsābhyāṃ svargakāmo yajeta" "brāhmaṇo na hantavyaḥ"ityevamādivākyebhyaḥ pratyakṣā pramā jāyamānā; 'sā naiva bhaviṣyati, yadyupaniṣado brahmaikatvaṃ bodhayiṣyanti' ityanumānam; na cānumānaṃ pratyakṣavirodhe prāmāṇyaṃ labhate; tasmādasadevaitadgīyate-pramaiva notpadyata iti | api ca yathāprāptasyaiva avidyāpratyupasthāpitasya kriyākārakaphalasyāśrayaṇena iṣṭāniṣṭaprāptiparihāropāyasāmānye pravṛttasya tadviśeṣamajānataḥ tadācakṣāṇā śrutiḥ kriyākārakaphalabhedasya lokaprasiddhasya satyatāmasatyatāṃ vā nācaṣṭe na ca vārayati, iṣṭāniṣṭaphalaprāptiparihāropāyavidhiparatvāt |
yathā kāmyeṣu pravṛttā śrutiḥ kāmānāṃ mithyājñānaprabhavatve satyapi yathāprāptāneva kāmānupādāya tatsādhanānyeva vidhatte, na tu kāmānāṃ mithyājñānaprabhavatvādanartharūpatvaṃ ceti na vidadhāti | tathā nityāgnihotrādiśāsramapi mithyājñānaprabhavaṃ kriyākārakabhedaṃ yathāprāptamevādāya iṣṭaviśeṣaprāptimaniṣṭaviśeṣaparihāraṃ vā kimapi prayojanaṃ paśyadagnihotrādīni karmāṇi vidhatte | nāvidyāgocarāsadvastuviṣayamiti na pravartate yathā kāmyeṣu |
na ca puruṣā na pravarterannavidyāvantaḥ, dṛṣṭatvādyathā kāminaḥ |
vidyāvatāmeva karmādhikāra iti cet? na, brahmaikatvavidyāyāṃ karmādhikāravirodhasyoktatvāt | etena brahmaikatve nirviṣayatvādupadeśena tadgrahaṇaphalābhāvadoṣaparihāra ukto veditavyaḥ |
puruṣecchārāgādivaicitryācca-anekā hi puruṣāṇamicchāḥ, rāgādayaśca doṣā vicitrāḥ;tataśca bāhyaviṣayarāgādyapahṛtacetaso na śāsraṃ nivartayituṃ śaktam;nāpi svabhāvato bāhyaviṣayaviraktacetaso viṣayeṣu pravartayituṃ śaktam;kintu śāsrādetāvadeva bhavati-idamiṣṭasādhanamidamaniṣṭasādhanamiti sādhyasādhanasambandhaviśeṣābhivyaktiḥ-pradīpādivattamasi rūpādijñānam | na tu śāsraṃ bhṛtyāniva balānnivartayati niyojayati vā;dṛśyante hi puruṣā rāgādigauravācchāsramapyatikrāmantaḥ | tasmāt puruṣamativaicitryamapekṣya sādhyasādhanasambandhaviśeṣānanekadhopadiśati |
tatra puruṣāḥ svayameva yathāruci sādhanaviśeṣeṣu pravartante, śāsraṃ tu savitṛpradīpādivadudāsta eva | tathā kasyacitparo 'pi puruṣārtho 'puruṣārthavadavabhāsate; yasya yathāvabhāsaḥ, sa tathārūpaṃ puruṣārthaṃ paśyati; tadanurūpāṇi sādhanānyupāditsate | tathā cārthavādo 'pi-"trayāḥ prājāpatyāḥ prajāpatau pitari brahmacaryamūṣuḥ"ityādiḥ | tasmānna brahmaikatvaṃ jñāpayiṣyanto vedāntā vidhiśāsrasya bādhakāḥ | na ca vidhiśāsrametāvatā nirviṣayaṃ syāt |
nāpyuktakārakādibhedaṃ vidhiśāsramupaniṣadāṃ brahmaikatvaṃ prati prāmāṇyaṃ nivartayati | svaviṣayaśūrāṇi hi pramāṇāni, śrotrādivat |
tatra paṇḍitaṃmanyāḥ kecitsvacittavaśātsarvaṃ pramāṇamitaretaraviruddhaṃ manyante, tachā pratyakṣādivirodhamapi codayanti brahmaikatve-śabdādayaḥ kila śrotrādiviṣayā bhinnāḥ pratyakṣata upalabhyante, brahmaikatvaṃ bruvatāṃ pratyakṣavirodhaḥ
syāt; tathā śrotrādibhiḥ śabdādyupalabdhāraḥ kartāraśca dharmādharmayoḥ pratiśarīraṃ bhinnā anumīyante saṃsāriṇaḥ; tatra brahmaikatvaṃ bruvatāmanumānavirodhaśca | tathā ca āgamavirodhaṃ vadanti-"grāmakāmo yajeta" "paśukāmo yajeta" "svargakāmo yajeta"ityevamādivākyebhyo grāmapaśusvargādikāmāstatsādhanādyanuṣṭhātāraśca bhinnā avagamyante | atrocyate-te tu kutarkadūṣitāntaḥkaraṇā brāhmaṇādivarṇāpasadā anukampanīyā āgamārthavicchinnasampradāyabuddhaya iti | katham? śrotrādidvāraiḥ śabdādibhiḥ pratyakṣata upalabhyamānairbrahmaṇa ekatvaṃ virudhyata iti vadanto vaktavyāḥ-kiṃ śabdādīnāṃ bhedenākāśaikatvaṃ virudhyata iti;atha na viruddhyate, na tarhi pratyakṣavirodhaḥ |
yaccoktaṃ pratiśarīraṃ śabdādyupalabdhāro dharmādharmayośca kartāro bhinnā anumīyante, tathā ca brahmaikatve 'numānavirodha iti;bhinnā kairanumīyanta iti praṣṭavyāḥ;atha yadi brūyuḥ-sarvairasmābhiranumānakuśalairiti-ke yūyamanumānakuśalā ityevaṃ pṛṣṭānāṃ kimuttaram |
śarīrendriyamana ātmasu ca pratyekamanumānakauśalapratyākhyāne, śarīrendriyamanaḥsādhanā ātmāno vayamanumānakuśalāḥ, anekakārakasādhyatvātkriyāṇāmiti cet? evaṃ tarhyanumānakauśalebhavatāmanekatvaprasaṅgaḥ; anekakārakasādhyā hi kriyeti bhavadbhirevābhyupagatam | tatrānumānaṃ ca kriyā; sā śarīrendriyamana ātmasādhanaiḥ kārakairātmakartṛkā nirvartyata ityetatpratijñātam | tatra vayamanumānakuśalā ityevaṃ vadadbhiḥ-śarīrendriyamanaḥsādhanā ātmānaḥ pratyekaṃ vayamaneka ityabhyupagataṃ syāt | aho anumānakauśalaṃ darśitamapucchaśṛṅgaistārkikabalīvardaiḥ | yo hyātmānameva na jānāti sa kathaṃ mūḍhastadgataṃ vā jānīyāt? tatra kimanuminoti? kena vā liṅgena? na hyātmanaḥ svato bhedapratipādakaṃ kiñcilliṅgamasti, yena liṅgenātmabhedaṃ sādhayet; yāni liṅgānyātmabhedasādhanāya nāmarūpavantyupanyasyanti, tāni nāmarūpagatānyupādhaya evātmano ghaṭakarakāpavarakabhūcchidrāṇīvākāśasya | yadākāśasya bhedaliṅgaṃ paśyati, tadātmano 'pi bhedaliṅgaṃ labheta saḥ; na hyātmanaḥ parato 'pi viśeṣamabhyupagacchadbhistārkikaśatairapi bhedaliṅgamātmano darśayituṃ śakyate; svatastu dūrādapanītameva, aviṣayatvādātmanaḥ | yadyatpara ātmadharmatvenābhyupagacchati, tasya tasya nāmarūpābhyāṃ cātmano 'nyatvābhyupagamāt,"ākāśo vai nāma nāmarūpayornirvahitā te yadantarā tadbrahma"iti śruteḥ"nāmarūpe vyākaravāṇi"iti ca | utpattipralayātmake hi nāmarūpe, tadvilakṣaṇaṃ ca brahma-ato 'numānasyaivāviṣayatvātkuto 'numānavirodhaḥ? etenāgamavirodhaḥ pratyuktaḥ |
yaduktaṃ brahmaikatve yasmā upadeśaḥ, yasya copadeśagrahaṇaphalam, tadabhāvādekatvopadeśānarthakyamiti, tadapi na, anekakārakasādhyatvātkriyāṇāṃ kaścodyo bhavati | ekasminbrahmaṇi nirupādhike nopadeśaḥ, nopadeṣṭā, na copadeśagrahaṇaphalam; tasmādupaniṣadāṃ cānarthakyamityetadabhyupagatameva | athānekakārakaviṣayānarthakyaṃ codyate-na, svato | ñabhyupagamavirodhādātmavādinām | tasmāttārkikacāṭabhaṭarājāpraveśyam abhayaṃ durgamidamalpabuddhyagamyaṃ śāsraguruprasādarahitaiśca,"kastaṃ madāmadaṃ devaṃ madanyo jñātumarhati" "devairatrāpi vicikitsitaṃ purā" "naiṣā tarkeṇa matirāpaneyā"-varaprasādalabhyatvaśrutismṛtivādebhyaśca;"tadejati tannaijati taddūre tadvantike"ityādiviruddhadharmasamavāyitvaprakāśakamantravarṇebhyaśca |
gītāsu ca-"matsthāni sarvabhūtāni"ityādi |
tasmātparabrahmavyatirekeṇa saṃsārī nāma nānyadvastvantaramasti |
tasmātsuṣṭhūcyate"brahma vā idamagra āsīt tadātmānamevāved ahaṃ brahmāsmi" "nānyadato 'sti draṣṭṛ nānyadato 'sti śrotṛ"ityādiśrutiśatebhyaḥ |
tasmātparasyaiva brahmaṇaḥ"satyasya satyam"nāmopaniṣatparā || 20 ||
iti bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye dvitīyādhyāye prathamamajātaśatrubrāhmaṇam || 1 ||
'brahma jñapayiṣyāmi'iti prastutam;tatra yato jagajjātaṃ yanmayaṃ yasmiṃśca līyate tadekaṃ brahmeti jñāpitam | kimātmakaṃ punastajjagajjāyate, līyate ca? pañcabhūtātmakam;bhūtāni ca nāmarūpātmakāni;nāmarūpe satyamiti hyuktam;tasya satyasya pañcabhūtātmakasya satyaṃ brahma |
kathaṃ punarbhūtāni satyamiti mūrtāmūrtabrāhmaṇam | mūrtāmūrtabhūtātmakatvātkāryakaraṇātmakāni bhūtāni prāṇā api satyam | teṣāṃ kāryakaraṇātmakānāṃ bhūtānāṃ satyatvanirdidhārayiṣayā brāhmaṇadvayamārabhyate saivopaniṣadvyākhyā | kāryakaraṇasatyatvāvadhāraṇadvāreṇa hi satyasya satyaṃ brahmāvadhāryate | atroktam 'prāṇā vai satyaṃ teṣāmeṣa satyam'iti | tatra ke prāṇāḥ? kiyatyo vā prāṇaviṣayā upaniṣadaḥ? kāḥ? iti ca brahmopaniṣatprasaṅgena karaṇānāṃ prāṇānāṃ svarūpamavadhārayati-pathigatakūpārāmādyavadhāraṇavat |

yo ha vai śiśuṃ sādhānaṃ sapratyādhānaṃ sasthūṇaṃ sadāmaṃ veda sapta ha dviṣato bhrātṛvyān avaruṇaddhi | ayaṃ vāva śiśur yo 'yaṃ madhyamaḥ prāṇaḥ | tasyedam evādhānam idaṃ pratyādhānaṃ prāṇaḥ sthūṇānnaṃ dāma ||

SECOND BRÂHMANA
1. Verily he who knows the babe with his place, his chamber, his post, and his rope, he keeps off the seven relatives who hate him. Verily by the young is meant the inner life, by his place this (body), by his chamber this (head), by his post the vital breath, by his rope the food.

yo ha vai śiśuṃ sādhānaṃ sapratyādhānaṃ sasthūṇaṃ sadāmaṃ veda, tasyedaṃ phalam; kiṃ tat? sapta saptasaṃkhyākān ha dviṣato dveṣakartṝn bhrātṛvyān | bhrātṛvyā hi dvividhā bhavanti, dviṣanto 'dviṣantaśca, tatra dviṣanto ye bhrātṛvyāstān dviṣato bhrātṛvyānavaruṇaddhi; sapta ye śīrṣaṇyāḥ prāṇā viṣayopalabdhidvārāṇi tatprabhavā viṣayarāgāḥ sahajatvād bhrātṛvyāḥ | te hyasya svātmasthāṃ dṛṣṭiṃ viṣayaviṣayāṃ kurvanti, tena te dveṣṭāro bhrātṛvyāḥ | pratyagātmekṣaṇapratiṣedhakaratvāt | kāṭhake coktam-"parāñci khāni vyatṛṇatsvayambhūstasmātparāṅpaśyati nāntarātman"ityādi | tatra yaḥ śiśvādīnveda, teṣāṃ yāthātmyamavadhārayati, sa etān bhrātṛvyānavaruṇaddhyapāvṛṇoti vināśayati |
tasmai phalaśravaṇenābhimukhībhūtāyāha-ayaṃ vāva śiśuḥ | ko 'sau? yo 'yaṃ madhyamaḥ prāṇaḥ, śarīramadhye yaḥ prāṇo liṅgātmā, yaḥ pañcadhā śarīramāviṣṭaḥ-bṛhanpāṇḍaravāsaḥ soma rājannityuktaḥ, yasminvāṅmanaḥ prabhṛtīni karaṇāni viṣaktāni-paḍvīśaśaṅkunidarśanāt; sa eṣa śiśuriva, viṣayeṣvitarakaraṇavadapaṭutvāt; śiśuṃ sādhānamityuktam | kiṃ punastasya śiśorvatsasthānīyasya karaṇātmana ādhānam? tasyedameva śarīramādhānaṃ kāryātmakam-ādhīyate 'sminnityādhānam; tasya hi śiśoḥ prāṇasyedaṃ śarīramadhiṣṭhānam, asminhi karaṇānyadhiṣṭhitāni labdhātmakānyupalabdhidvārāṇi bhavanti, na tu prāṇamātre viṣaktāni | tathā hi darśitamajātaśatruṇā-upasaṃhṛteṣu karaṇeṣu vijñānamayo nopalabhyate, śarīradeśavyūḍheṣu tu karaṇeṣu vijñānamaya upalabhamāna upalabhyate-tacca darśitaṃ pāṇipeṣapratibodhanena | idaṃ pratyādhānaṃ śiraḥ; pradeśaviśeṣeṣu-prati pratyādhīyata iti pratyādhānam | prāṇaḥ sthūṇā annapānajanitāśaktiḥ-prāṇo balamiti paryāyaḥ | balāvaṣṭambho hi prāṇo 'smiñcharīre-"sa yatrāyamātmābalyaṃ nyetya saṃmohamiva"iti darśanāt |
yathā vatsaḥ sthūṇāvaṣṭambha evaṃ śarīrapakṣapātī vāyuḥ prāṇaḥ sthūṇeti kecit |
annaṃ dāma-annaṃ hi bhuktaṃ tredhā pariṇamate;ya;sthūlaḥ pariṇāmaḥ, sa etaddvayaṃ bhūtvā imāmapyeti-mūtraṃ ca purīṣaṃ ca |
yo madhyamo rasaḥ sa raso lohitādikrameṇa svakāryaṃ śarīraṃ sāptadhātukamupacinoti;svayonyannāgame hi śarīramupacīyate 'nnamayatvāt;viparyaye 'pakṣīyate patati;yastvaṇiṣṭho rasaḥ-amṛtam ūrkprabhāvaḥ-iti ca kathyate, sa nābherūrdhvaṃ hṛdayadeśamāgatya, hṛdayādviprasṛteṣu dvāsaptatināḍīsahasreṣvanupraviśya yattatkaraṇasaṅghātarūpaṃ liṅgaṃ śiśusañjñakam, tasya śarīre sthitikāraṇaṃ bhavati balamupajanayatsthūṇākhyam;tenānnamubhayataḥ pāśavatsadāmavat prāṇaśarīrayornibandhanaṃ bhavati || 1 ||
idānīṃ tasyaiva śiśoḥ pratyādhāna ūḍhasya cakṣuṣi kāścanopaniṣada ucyante-

tam etāḥ saptākṣitaya upatiṣṭhante | tad yā imā akṣaṃl lohinyo rājayas tābhir enaṃ rudro 'nvāyattaḥ | atha yā akṣann āpas tābhiḥ parjanyaḥ | yā kanīnakā tayādityaḥ | yat kṛṣṇaṃ tenāgnir | yac chuklaṃ tenendraḥ | adharayainaṃ vartanyā pṛthivy anvāyattā | dyaur uttarayā | nāsyānnaṃ kṣīyate ya evaṃ veda ||

2. Then the seven imperishable ones approach him. There are the red lines in the eye, and by them Rudra clings to him. There is the water in the eye, and by it Parganya clings to him. There is the pupil, and by it Âditya (sun) clings to him, There is the dark iris, and by it Agni clings to him. There is the white eye-ball, and by it Indra, clings to him. With the lower eye-lash the earth, with the upper eye-lash the heaven clings to him. He who knows this, his food does never perish.

tametāḥ saptākṣitaya upatiṣṭhantetaṃ karaṇātmakaṃ prāmaṃ śarīre 'nnabandhanaṃ cakṣuṣyūḍhametā vakṣyamāṇāḥ sapta saptasaṅkhyākā akṣitayo 'kṣitihetutvādupatiṣṭhante | yadyapi mantrakaraṇe tiṣṭhatirupapūrva ātmanepadī bhavati, ihāpi sapta devatābhidhānāni mantrasthānīyāni karaṇāni;tiṣṭhaterato 'trāpyātmanepadaṃ na viruddham |
kāstā akṣitayaḥ? ityucyante-tattatra yā imāḥ prasiddhāḥ, akṣannakṣaṇi lohinyo lohitā rājayo rekhāḥ, tābhirdvārabhūtābhirenaṃ madhyamaṃ prāṇaṃ rudro 'nvāyatto 'nugataḥ; atha yā akṣannakṣaṇyāpo dhūmādisaṃyogenābhivyajyamānāḥ, tābhiradbhirdvārabhūtābhiḥ parjanyo devatātmānvāyatto | ñanugata upatiṣṭhata ityarthaḥ | sa cānnabhūto 'kṣitiḥ prāṇasya;"parjanye varṣatyānandinaḥ prāṇā bhavanti"iti śrutyantarāt |
yā kanīnakā dṛkchaktistayā kanīnakayā dvāreṇādityo madhyamaṃ prāṇamupatiṣṭhate;yatkṛṣṇaṃ cakṣuṣi tenainamagnirupatiṣṭhate;yacchuklaṃ cakṣuṣi tenendraḥ;adharayā vartanyā pakṣmaṇainaṃ pṛthivyanvāyattā, adharatvasāmānyāt;
etāḥ saptānnabhūtāḥ prāṇasya santatamupatiṣṭhante-ityevaṃ yo veda, tasyaitatphalam-nāsyānnaṃ kṣīyate, ya evaṃ veda || 2 ||

tad eṣa śloko bhavati -- arvāgbilaś camasa ūrdhvabudhnas tasmin yaśo nihitaṃ viśvarūpam | tasyāsata ṛṣayaḥ sapta tīre vāg aṣṭamī brahmaṇā saṃvidāneti | arvāgbilaś camasa ūrdhvabudhna iti | idaṃ tac charīra eṣa hy arvāgbilaś camasa ūrdhvabudhnaḥ | tasmin yaśo nihitaṃ viśvarūpam iti | prāṇā vai yaśo viśvarūpam | prāṇān etad āha | tasyāsata ṛṣayaḥ sapta tīra iti | prāṇā vā ṛṣayaḥ | prāṇāṇ etad āha | vāg aṣṭamī brahmaṇā saṃvidāneti | vāg ghy aṣṭamī brahmaṇā saṃvitte ||

3. On this there is this Sloka: 'There is a cup having its mouth below and its bottom above. Manifold glory has been placed into it. On its lip sit the seven Rishis, the tongue as the eighth communicates with Brahman.' What is called the cup having its mouth below and its bottom above is this head, for its mouth (the mouth) is below, its bottom (the skull) is above. When it is said that manifold glory has been placed into it, the senses verily are manifold glory, and he therefore means the senses. When he says that the seven Rishis sit on its lip, the Rishis are verily the (active) senses, and he means the senses. And when he says that the tongue as the eighth communicates with Brahman, it is because the tongue, as the eighth, does communicate with Brahman.

tattatraitasminnarthe eṣa śloko mantro bhavati-arvāgbilaścamasa ityādiḥ | tatra mantrārthamācaṣṭe śrutiḥ-arvāgbilaścamasa ityādiḥ | tatra mantrārthamācaṣṭe śrutiḥ-arvāgbilaścamasa ūrdhvabudhna iti | kaḥ punarasāvarvāgbilaścamasa ūrdhvabudhnaḥ? idaṃ tat śiraḥ, camasākāraṃ hi tat | katham? eṣa hyarvāgbilo mukhasya bilarūpatvāt, śiraso budhnākāratvādūrdhvabudhnaḥ |
tasminyaśo nihitaṃ viśvarūpamiti-yathā somaścamase, evaṃ tasmiñchirasi viśvarūpaṃ nānārūpaṃ nihitaṃ sthitaṃ bhavati | kiṃ punastad yaśaḥ? prāṇā vai yaśo viśvarūpam-prāṇāḥ śrotrādayo vāyavaśca marutaḥ saptadhā teṣu prasṛtā yaśaḥ-ityetadāha mantraḥ, śabdādijñānahetutvāt |
tasyāsata ṛṣayaḥ sapta tīra iti-prāṇāḥ parispandātmakāḥ, ta eva ca ṛṣayaḥ, prāṇāvetadāha mantraḥ |
vāgaṣṭamī brahmaṇā saṃvidāneti-brahmaṇā saṃvādaṃ kurvatī aṣṭamī bhavati;taddhetumāha-vāgghyaṣṭamī brahmaṇā saṃvitta iti || 3 ||
ke punastasya camasasya tīra āsata ṛṣaya iti |

imāv eva gotamabharadvājau | ayam eva gotamo 'yaṃ bharadvājaḥ | imāv eva viśvāmitrajamadagnī | ayam eva viśvāmitro 'yaṃ jamadagniḥ | imāv eva vasiṣṭhakaśyapau | ayam eva vasiṣṭho 'yaṃ kaśyapaḥ | vāg evātriḥ | vācā hy annam adyate | attir ha vai nāmaitad yad autrir iti | sarvasyāttā bhavati | sarvam asyānnaṃ bhavati ya evaṃ veda ||

4. These two (the two ears) are the Rishis Gautama and Bharadvâga; the right Gautama, the left Bharadvâga. These two (the eyes) are the Rishis Visvâmitra and Gamadagni; the right Visvâmitra, the left Gamadagni. These two (the nostrils) are the Rishis Vasishtha and Kasyapa; the right Vasishtha, the left Kasyapa. The tongue is Atri, for with the tongue food is eaten, and Atri is meant for Atti, eating. He who knows this, becomes an eater of everything, and everything becomes his food.

imāveva gotamabharadvājau karṇau-ayameva gotamo 'yaṃ bharadvājo dakṣiṇaścottaraśca, viparyayeṇa vā | tathā cakṣuṣī upadiśannuvāca-imāveva viśvāmitrajamadagnī dakṣiṇaṃ viśvāmitra uttaraṃ jamadagnirviparyayeṇa vā | imāveva vasiṣṭhakaśyapau-nāsike upadiśannuvāca;dakṣiṇaḥ puṭo bhavati vasiṣṭhaḥ, uttaraḥ kaśyapaḥ pūrvavat | vāgevātriḥ, adanakriyāyogātsaptamaḥ;vācā hyannamadyate tasmādattirha vai prasiddhaṃ nāmaitat-attṛtvādattiriti, attireva san yadatrirityucyate parokṣeṇa | sarvasyaitasyānnajātasya prāṇasyātrinirvacanavijñānādattā bhavati | attaiva bhavati nāmuṣminnannena punaḥ pratipadyata ityetaduktaṃ bhavati-sarvamasyānnaṃ bhavatīti | ya evametadyathoktaṃ prāṇayāthātmyaṃ veda, sa evaṃ madhyamaḥ prāṇo bhūtvā
ādhānapratyādhānagato bhoktaiva bhavati, na bhojyam, bhojyād vyāvartata ityarthaḥ || 4 ||
iti dvitīyam brāhmaṇam || 2 ||
tatra prāṇā vai satyamityuktam | yāḥ prāṇānāmupaniṣadaḥ, tā brahmopaniṣatprasaṅgena vyākhyātāḥ-ete te prāṇā iti cacha te
kimātmakāḥ? kathaṃ vā teṣāṃ satyatvam? iti ca vaktavyamiti pañcabhūtānāṃ satyānāṃ kāryakaraṇātmakānāṃ svarūpāvadhāraṇārthamidaṃ brāhmaṇamārabhyate-yadupādhiviśeṣāpanayadvāreṇa 'neti neti'iti brahmaṇaḥ satattvaṃ nirdidhārayiṣitam |

dve vāva brahmaṇo rūpe | mūrtaṃ caivāmūrtaṃ ca | martyaṃ cāmṛtaṃ ca | sthitaṃ ca yac ca | sac ca tyaṃ ca ||

THIRD BRÂHMANA
1. There are two forms of Brahman, the material and the immaterial, the mortal and the immortal, the solid and the fluid, sat (being) and tya (that), (i.e. sat-tya, true).

tatra dvirūpaṃ brahma pañcabhūtajanitakāryakaraṇasambaddhaṃ mūrtāmūrtākhyaṃ martyāmṛtasvabhāvaṃ tajjanitavāsanārūpaṃ ca sarvañjñaṃ sarvaśakti sopākhyaṃ bhavati | kriyākārakaphalātmakaṃ ca sarvavyavahārāspadam | tadeva brahma vigatasarvopādhiviśeṣaṃ samyagdarśanaviṣayam ajamajaramamṛtamabhayam, vāṅmanasayorapyaviṣayamadvaitatvāt 'neti neti'iti nirdiśyate |
tatra yadapohadvāreṇa 'neti neti'iti nirdiśyate brahma, te ete dve vāva-vāvaśabdo 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ-dve evetyarthaḥ-brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano rūpe-rūpyate yābhyāmarūpaṃ paraṃ brahma avidyādhyāropyamāṇābhyām |
ke te dve? mūrtaṃ caiva mūrtameva ca |
tathāmūrtaṃ cāmūrtameva cetyarthaḥ |
antarṇītasvātmaviśeṣaṇe mūrtāmūrte dve evetyavadhāryete |
kāni punastāni viśeṣaṇāni mūrtāmūrtayoḥ? ityucyante-martyaṃ ca martyaṃ maraṇadharmi, amṛtaṃ ca tadviparītam, sthitaṃ ca-paricchinnaṃ gatipūrvakaṃ yatsthāsnu, yacca-yātīti yat-vyāpi-aparicchinnaṃ sthitaviparītam, sacca-sadityanyebhyo viśeṣyamāṇāsādhāraṇadharmaviśeṣavat, tyacca-tadviparītam 'tyat'ityeva sarvadā parokṣābhidhānārham || 1 ||
tatra catuṣṭayaviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭaṃ mūrtaṃ tathā amūrtaṃ ca | tatra kāni mūrtaviśeṣaṇāni? kāni cetarāṇi? iti vibhajyate |

tad etan mūrtaṃ yad anyad vāyoś cāntarikṣāc ca | etan martyam | etat sthitam | etat sat | tasyaitasya mūrtasyaitasya martyasyaitasya sthitasyaitasya sata eṣa raso ya eṣa tapati | sato hy eṣa rasaḥ ||

2. Everything except air and sky is material, is mortal, is solid, is definite. The essence of that which is material, which is mortal, which is solid, which is definite is the sun that shines, for he is the essence of sat (the definite).

tadetanmūrtaṃ mūrcchitāvayavam itaretarānupraviṣṭāvayavaṃ ghanaṃ saṃhatamityarthaḥ | kiṃ tat? yadanyat;kasmādanyat? vāyoścāntarikṣācca bhūtadvayāt-pariśeṣāt pṛthivyādibhūtatrayam | etanmartyam-yadetanmūrtākhyaṃ bhūtatrayamidaṃ martyaṃ maraṇadharmi;kasmāt? yasmātsthitametat;paricchinnaṃ hyarthāntareṇa samprayujyamānaṃ virudhyate-yathā ghaṭaḥ stambhakuṇḍyādinā;tathā mūrtaṃ sthitaṃ paricchinnam arthāntarasambandhi tator'thāntaravirodhānmartyam;etatsadviśeṣya māṇāsādhāraṇadharmavat, tasmāddhi paricchinnam, paricchinnatvānmartyam ato mūrtam;mūrtatvādvā martyam, martyatvātsthitam, sthitatvātsat | ato 'nyonyāvyabhicārāccaturṇāṃ dharmāṇāṃ yatheṣṭaṃ viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvo hetuhetumadbhāvaśca darśayitavyaḥ | sarvathāpi tu bhūtatrayaṃ catuṣṭayaviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭaṃ mūrtaṃ rūpaṃ brahmaṇaḥ | tatra caturṇāmekasmingṛhīte viśeṣaṇe itaradgṛhītameva viśeṣaṇamityāha-tasyaitasya mūrtasya, etasya martyasya, etasya sthitasya, etasya sataḥ-catuṣṭayaviśeṣaṇasya bhūtatrayasyetyarthaḥ, eṣa rasaḥ sāra ityarthaḥ |
trayāṇāṃ hi bhūtānāṃ sāriṣṭhaḥ savitā;etatsārāṇi trīṇi bhūtāni, yata etatkṛtavibhajyamānarūpaviśeṣaṇāni bhavanti;ādhidaivikasya kāryasyaitadrūpam-yatsavitā yadetanmaṇḍalaṃ tapati;sato bhūtatrayasya hi yasmādeṣa rasa ityetad gṛhyate |
mūrto hyeṣa savitā tapati, sāriṣṭhaśca |
yattvādhidaivikaṃ karaṇaṃ maṇḍalasyābhyantaram, tadvakṣyāmaḥ || 2 ||

athāmūrtam | vāyuś cāntarikṣaś ca | etad amṛtam | etad yat | etat tyam | tasyaitasyāmūrtasyaitasyāmṛtasyaitasya yata etasya tyasyaiṣa raso ya eṣa etasmin maṇḍale puruṣaḥ | tyasya hy eṣa rasa | ity adhidaivatam ||

3. But air and sky are immaterial, are immortal, are fluid, are indefinite. The essence of that which is immaterial, which is immortal, which is fluid, which is indefinite is the person in the disk of the sun, for he is the essence of tyad (the indefinite). So far with regard to the Devas.

athāmūrtam-athādhunāmūrtamucyate | vāyuścāntarikṣaṃ ca yatpariśeṣitaṃ bhūtadvayam-etadamṛtam, amūrtatvāt;asthitam, ato 'virudhyamānaṃ kenacit, amṛtamamaraṇadharmi | etadyatsthitaviparītam, vyāpi, aparicchinnam, yasmāt 'yat'etad anyebhyo 'pravibhajyamānaviśeṣam, atastyat, 'tyat'iti parokṣābhidhānārhameva-pūrvavat |
tasyaitasyāmūrtasya tasyāmṛtasyaitasya yata etasya tyasya catuṣṭayaviśeṣaṇasyāmūrtasyaiṣa rasaḥ;ko 'sau? ya
eṣa etasminmaṇḍale puruṣaḥ-karaṇātmako hiraṇyagarbhaḥ prāṇa ityabhidhīyate yaḥ, sa eṣo 'mūrtasya bhūtadvayasya rasaḥ pūrvavatsāriṣṭhaḥ | etatpuruṣasāraṃ cāmūrtaṃ bhūtadvayamhairaṇyagarbhaliṅgārambhāya hi bhūtadvayābhivyaktiravyākṛtāt | tasmāttadarthyāttatsāraṃ bhūtadvayam | tyasya hyeṣa rasaḥ-yasmādyo maṇḍalasthaḥ puruṣo maṇḍalavanna gṛhyate sāraśca bhūtadvayasya, tasmādasti maṇḍalasthasya puruṣasya bhūtadvayasya ca sādharmyam, tasmādyuktaṃ prasiddhavadvetūpādānam-tyasya hyeṣa rasa iti |
rasaḥ kāraṇaṃ hiraṇyagarbhavijñānātmā cetana iti kecit | tatra ca kila hiraṇyagarbhavijñānātmanaḥ karma vāyvantarikṣayoḥ prayoktṛ, tatkarma vāyvantarikṣādhāraṃ sadanyeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prayoktṛ bhavati;tena svakarmaṇā vāyvantarikṣayoḥ prayokteti tayo rasaḥ kāraṇamucyata iti |
tanna, mūrtarasenātulyatvāt | mūrtasya tu bhūtatrayasya raso mūrtameva maṇḍalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ bhūtatrayasya raso mūrtameva maṇḍalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ bhūtatrayasamānajātīyam, na cetanaḥ;tathāmūrtayorapi bhūtayostatsamānajātīyenaivāmūrtasena yuktaṃ bhavitum;vākyapravṛttestulyatvāt;yathā hi mūrtāmūrte catuṣṭayadharmavatī vibhajyete, tathā rasarasavatorapi mūrtāmūrtayostulyenaiva nyāyena yukto vibhāgaḥ, na tvardhavaiśasam |
mūrtarase 'pi maṇḍalopādhiścetano vivakṣyata iti cet? atyalpamidamucyate, sarvatraiva tu mūrtāmūrtayorbrahmarūpeṇa vivakṣitatvāt |
puruṣaśabdo 'cetane 'nupapanna iti cet! na, pakṣapucchādiviśiṣṭasyaiva liṅgasya puruṣaśabdadarśanāt |
"na vā itthaṃ santaḥ śakṣyāmaḥ prajāḥ prajanayitumimānsapta puruṣānekaṃ puruṣaṃ karavāmeti ta etānsapta puruṣānekaṃ puruṣamakurvan"ityādau annarasamayādiṣu ca śrutyantare puruṣaśabdaprayogāt |
ityadhidaivatamityuktopasaṃhāro 'dhyātmavibhāgoktyarthaḥ || 3 ||

athādhyātmam | idam eva mūrtaṃ yad anyat prāṇāc ca yaś cāyam antar ātmann ākāśaḥ | etan martyam | etat sthitam | etat sat | tasyaitasya mūrtasyaitasya martyasyaitasya sthitasyaitasya sata eṣa raso yac cakṣuḥ | sato hy eṣa rasaḥ ||

4. Now with regard to the body. Everything except the breath and the ether within the body is material, is mortal, is solid, is definite. The essence of that which is material, which is mortal, which is solid, which is definite is the Eye, for it is the essence of sat (the definite).

athādhunādhyātmaṃ mūrtāmūrtayorvibhāga ucyate-kiṃ tanmūrtam? idameva, kiṃ cedam? yadanyatprāṇāccavāyoryaścāyamantarabhyantare ātmannātmanyākāśaḥ khaṃ śarīrasthaśca yaḥ prāṇa etad dvayaṃ varjayitvā yadanyaccharīrārambhakaṃ bhūtatrayam, etanmartyamityādi samānamanyatpūrveṇa |
etasya sato hyeṣa rasaḥ-yaccakṣuriti; ādhyātmikasya śarīrārambhakasya kāryasyaiṣa rasaḥ sāraḥ; tena hi sāreṇa sāravadidaṃ śarīraṃ samastaṃ yathādhidaivatamādityamaṇḍalena |
prāthamyācca-cakṣuṣī eva prathame sambhavataḥ sambhavata iti |
"tejo raso niranartatāgniḥ"iti liṅgāt; taijasaṃ hi cakṣuḥ; etatsāram; taijasaṃ hi cakṣuḥ; etatsāram ādhyātmikaṃ bhūtatrayam; sato hyeṣa rasa iti mūrtatvasāratve hetvarthaḥ || 4 ||

athāmūrtaṃ prāṇaś ca yaś cāyam antar ātmann ākāśaḥ | etad amṛtam | etad yat | etat tyat | tasyaitasyāmūrtasyaitasyāmṛtasyaitasya yata etasya tyasyaiṣa raso yo 'yaṃ dakṣiṇe 'kṣan puruṣaḥ | tyasya hy eṣa rasaḥ ||

5. But breath and the ether within the body are immaterial, are immortal, are fluid, are indefinite. The essence of that which is immaterial, which is immortal, which is fluid, which is indefinite is the person in the right eye, for he is the essence of tyad (the indefinite).

athādhunāmūrtamucyate | yatpariśeṣitaṃ bhūtadvayaṃ prāṇaśca yaścāyamantarātmannākāśaḥ, etadamūrtam | anyatpūrvavat | etasya tyasyaiṣa rasaḥ sāraḥ, yo 'yaṃ dakṣiṇe 'kṣanpuruṣaḥ-dakṣiṇe 'kṣanniti viśeṣagrahaṇam, śāstrapratyakṣatvāt;liṅgasya hi dakṣiṇe 'kṣṇi viśeṣato 'dhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ śāsatrasya pratyakṣaṃ sarvaśrutiṣu tathā prayogadarśanāt | tyasya hyeṣa rasa iti
pūrvavadviśeṣato 'grahaṇādamūrtatvasāratve eva hetvarthaḥ || 5 ||
brahmaṇaṇa upādhibhūtayormūrtāmūrtayoḥ kāryakaraṇavibhāgena adhyātmādhidaivatayorvibhāgo vyākhyātaḥ satyaśabdavācyayoḥ | athedānīm-

tasya haitasya puruṣasya rūpam | yathā māhārajanaṃ vāso yathā pāṇḍvāvikaṃ yathendragopo yathāgnyarcir yathā puṇḍarīkaṃ yathā sakṛdvidyuttam | sakṛdvidyutteva ha vā asya śrīr bhavati ya evaṃ veda | athāta ādeśo neti neti | na hy etasmād iti nety anyat param asti | atha nāmadheyaṃ satyasya satyam iti | prāṇā vai satyam | teṣām eṣa satyam ||

6. And what is the appearance of that person? Like a saffron-coloured raiment, like white wool, like cochineal, like the flame of fire, like the white lotus, like sudden lightning. He who knows this, his glory is like unto sudden lightning. Next follows the teaching (of Brahman) by No, no 1! for there is nothing else higher than this (if one says): 'It is not so.' Then comes the name 'the True of the True,' the senses being the True, and he (the Brahman) the True of them.

tasya haitasya puruṣasya karaṇātmano liṅgasya rūpaṃ vakṣyāmo vāsanāmayaṃ mūrtāmūrtavāsanāvijñānamayasaṃyogajanitaṃ vicitraṃ paṭabhitticitravanmāyendrajālamṛgatṛṣṇikopamaṃ sarvavyāmohāspadametāvanmātrameva ātmeti vijñānavādino vaināśikā yatra bhrāntāḥ, etadeva vāsanārūpaṃ paṭarūpavadātmano dravyasya guṇa iti naiyāyikā vaiśeṣikāśca sampratipannāḥ, idamātmārthaṃ triguṇaṃ svatantraṃ pradhānāśrayaṃ puruṣārthena hetunā pravartata iti sāṅkhyāḥ |
aupaniṣadaṃmanyā api kecitprakriyāṃ racayanti-mūrtāmūrtarāśirekaḥ, paramātmarāśiruttamaḥ, tābhyāmanyo 'yaṃ madhyamaḥ kila tṛtīyaḥ kartrā bhoktrāvijñānamayena ajātaśatrupratibodhitena saha vidyākarmapūrvaprajñāsamudāyaḥ;prayoktā karmarāśiḥ, prayojyaḥ pūrvokto mūrtāmūrtabhūtarāśiḥ sādhanaṃ ceti | tatra ca tārkikaiḥ saha sandhiṃ kurvanti | liṅgāśrayaścaiṣa karmarāśirityuktvā punastatasrasyantaḥ sāṅkhyatvabhayāt, sarvaḥ karmarāśiḥ-puṣpāśraya iva gandhaḥ puṣpaviyoge 'pi puṭatailāśrayo bhavati, tadvat-liṅgaviyoge 'pi paramātmaikadeśamāśrayati, sa paramātmaikadeśaḥ kilānyata āgatena guṇena karmaṇā saguṇo bhavati nirguṇo 'pi san, sa kartā bhoktā badhyate mucyate ca vijñānātmā - iti vaiśeṣikacittamapyanusaranti;sa ca karmarāśirbhūtarāśerāgantukaḥ, svato nirguṇa eva paramātmaikadeśatvāt;svata utthitā avidyā anāgantukāpyūṣaravadanātmadharmaḥ-ityanayā kalpanayā sāṅkhyacittamanuvartante |
sarvametattārkikaiḥ saha sāmañjasyakalpanayā ramaṇīyaṃ paśyanti, lopaniṣatsiddhāntaṃ sarvanyāyavirodhaṃ ca paśyanti;katham? uktā eva tāvatsāva yavatve paramātmanaḥ
saṃsāritvasavraṇatvakarmaphaladeśasaṃsāritvasavraṇatvakarmaphaladeśasaṃsaraṇānupapattyādayo doṣāḥ;nityabhede ca vijñānātmanaḥ pareṇaikatvānupapattiḥ |
liṅgameveti cetparamātmana upacaritadeśatvena kalpitaṃ ghaṭakarakabhūchidrākāśādivat, tathā liṅgaviyoge 'pi paramātmadeśāśrayaṇaṃ vāsanāyāḥ | avidyāyāṣca svata utthānam ūṣaravat-ityādikalpanānupapannaiva | na ca vāsya deśavyatirekeṇa vāsanāyā vastvantarasañcaraṇaṃ manasāpi kalpayituṃ śakyam |
na ca śrutayo gacchanti"kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā" "hṛdaye hyeva rūpāṇi" "dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva" "kāmā ye 'sya hṛdi śritāḥ""tīrṇo hi tadā sarvāñchokānhṛdayasya"ityādyāḥ | na cāsāṃ śrutīnāṃ śrutādarthāntarakalpanā nyāyyā, ātmanaḥ parabrahmatvopapādanārthaparatvādāsām, etāvanmātrārthopakṣayatvācca sarvopaniṣadām | tasmācchrutyarthakalpanākuśalāḥ sarva evopaniṣadarthamanyathā kurvanti | tathāpi vedārthaścetsyātkāmaṃ bhavatu, na me dveṣaḥ |
na ca 'dva vāva brahmaṇo rūpe'iti rāśitrayapakṣe samañjasam;yadā tu mūrtāmūrte tajjanitavāsanāśca mūrtāmūrte dve rūpe, brahma ca rūpi tṛtīyam, na cānyaccaturthamantarāletadā etadanukūlamavadhāraṇam, dve eva brahmaṇo rūpe iti;anyathā brahmaikadeśasya vijñānātmano rūpe iti kalpyam, paramātmano vā vijñānātmadvāreṇeti | tadā ca rūpe eveti dvivacanamasamañjasam, rūpāṇīti vāsanābhiḥ saha bahuvacanaṃ yuktataraṃ syāt- dve ca mūrtāmūrte vāsanāśca tṛtīyamiti |
atha mūrtāmūrte eva paramātmano rūpe, vāsanāstu vijñānātmana iti cet-tadā vijñānātmadvāreṇa vikriyamāṇasya paramātmanaḥ-itīyaṃ vācoyuktiranarthikā syāt, vāsanāyā api vijñānātmadvāratvasya aviśiṣṭatvāt;na ca vastu
vastvantaradvāreṇa vikriyata iti mukhyayā vṛttyā śakyaṃ kalpayitum;na ca vijñānātmā paramātmano vastvantaram, tathā kalpanāyāṃ siddhāntahānāt | tasmād vedārthamūḍhānāṃ svacittaprabhavā evamādikalpanā akṣarabāhyāḥ;na hyakṣarabāhyo vedārtho vedārthopakārī vā, nirapekṣatvādvedasya prāmāṇyaṃ prati;tasmādrāśitrayakalpanā asamañjasā |
'yo 'yaṃ dakṣiṇe 'kṣanpuruṣaḥ'iti liṅgātmā prastuto 'dhyātme, adhidaive ca 'ya eṣa etasminmaṇḍale puruṣaḥ'
iti, 'tasya'iti prakṛtopādānātsa evopādīyate yo 'sau tyasyāmūrtasya raso na tu vijñānamayaḥ | nanu vijñānamayasyaivaitāni rupāṇi kasmānna bhavanti? vijñānamayasyāpi prakṛtatvāt, 'tasya'iti ca prakṛtopādānāt | naivam, vijñānamayasyārūpitvena vijijñāpayiṣitatvāt;yadi hi tasyaiva vijñānamayasyaitāni māhārajanādīni rūpāṇi syustasyāva 'neti neti'ityanākhyeyarūpatayādeśo na syāt | nanvanyasyaivāsādeśo na tu vijñānamayasyeti!
na, ṣaṣṭhānte upasaṃhārāt-"vijñātāramare kena vijānīyāt"iti vijñānamayaṃ prastutya"sa eṣa neti neti"iti"vijñāpayiṣyāmi"iti ca pratijñāyā arthavattvāt | yadi ca vijñānamayasyaiva asaṃvyavahāryamātmasvarūpaṃ jñāpayitumiṣṭaṃ syātpradhvastasarvopādhiviśeṣam, tata iyaṃ pratijñārthavatī syāt- yenāsau jñāpito jānātyātmānamevāhaṃ brahmāsmīti, śāsraniṣṭhāṃ prāpnoti na bibheti kutaśca | atha punaranyo vijñānamayaḥ, anyaḥ 'neti neti' iti vyapadiśyate-tadānyadado brahmānyo 'hamasmīti
viparyayo gṛhītaḥ syāt, na 'ātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmi' iti | tasmāt 'tasya haitasya' iti liṅgapuruśasyai vaitāni rūpāṇi |
satyasya ca satye paramātmasvarūpe vaktavye niravaśeṣaṃ satyaṃ vaktavyam;satyasya ca viśeṣarūpāṇi vāsanāḥ, tāsāmimāni rūpāṇyucyante, etasya puruṣasya prakṛtasya liṅgātmana etāni rūpāṇi;kāni tāni? ityucyante- yathā loke, mahārajanaṃ haridrā tayā raktaṃ māhārajanaṃ yathā vāso loke, evaṃ stryādiviṣayasaṃyoge tādṛśaṃ vāsanārūpaṃ rañjanākāra mutpadyate cittasya, yenāsau puruṣo rakta ityucyate vasrādivat |
yathā ca loke pāṇḍvāvikam, averidam āvikam ūrṇādi, yathā ca tatpāṇḍuraṃ bhavati, tathānyadvāsanārūpam | yathā ca loke indragopo 'tyantarakto bhavati, evamasya vāsanārūpam | kvacidviṣayaviśeṣāpekṣayā rāgasya tāratamyam, kvacitpuruṣacittavṛttyapekṣayā | yathā ca loke 'gnyarcirbhāsvaraṃ bhavati, tathā kvacitkasyacidvāsanārūpaṃ bhavati | yathā pumḍarīkaṃ śuklam, tadvadapi ca vāsanārūpaṃ kasyacidbhavati | yathā sakṛdvidyuktam, yathā loke sakṛdvidyotanaṃ sarvataḥ prakāśakaṃ bhavati, tathā jñānaprakāśavivṛddhyapekṣayā kasyacidvāsanārūpamupajāyate | naiṣāṃ vāsanārūpāṇāmādiranto madhyaṃ saṅkhyā vā, deśaḥ kālo nimittaṃ
vāvadhāryate-asaṅkhyeyatvādvāsanāyāḥ, vāsanāhetūnāṃ cānantyāt | tathā ca vakṣyati ṣaṣṭhe-"idaṃmayo 'domayaḥ"ityādi | tasmānna svarūpasaṅkhyāvadhāraṇārthā dṛṣṭāntāḥ- 'yathā māhārajanaṃ vāsaḥ'ityādayaḥ, kiṃ tarhi? prakārapradarśanārthāḥ-evamprakārāṇi hi vāsanārūpāṇīti | yattu vāsanārūpamabhihitamante-sakṛdvidyotanamiveti, tatkila hiraṇyagarbhasya avyākṛtātprādurbhavataḥ taḍidvatsakṛdeva vyaktirbhavatīti;tattadīyaṃ vāsanārūpaṃ hiraṇyagarbhasya yo veda tasya sakṛdvidyutteva, ha vai ityavadhāraṇārthau, evamevāsya śrīḥ khyātirbhavatītyarthaḥ, yathā hiraṇyagarbhasya-evametadyathoktaṃ vāsanārūpamantyaṃ yo veda |
evaṃ niravaśeṣaṃ satyasya svarūpamabhidhāya, yattatsatyasya satyamavocāma tasyaiva svarūpāvadhāraṇārthaṃ brahmaṇa idamārabhyate-athānantaraṃ satyasvarūpanirdeśānantaram, yatsatyasya satyaṃ tadevāvaśiṣyate yasmādatastasmātsatyasya satyaṃ svarūpaṃ nirdekṣyāmaḥ | ādeśo nirdeśo brahmaṇaḥ | kaḥ punarasau nirdeśaḥ? ityucyate-neti netītyevaṃ nirdeśaḥ |
nanu kathamābhyāṃ 'neti neti'iti śabdābhyāṃ satyasya satyaṃ nirdidikṣitam? ityucyate-sarvopādhiviśeṣāpohena | yasminna kaścidviśeṣo 'sti-nāma vā rūpaṃ vā karma vā bhedo vā jātirvā guṇo vā;taddvāreṇa hi śabdapravṛttirbhavati | na caiṣāṃ kaścid viśeṣo brahmaṇyasti;ato na nirdeṣṭuṃ śakyate-idaṃ taditi | gaurasau spandate śuklo viṣāṇīti yathā loke nirdiśyate, tathā;adhyāropitanāmarūpakarmadvāreṇa brahma nirdiśyate 'vijñānamānandaṃ brahma' 'vijñānaghana eva brahmātmā'ityevamādiśabdaiḥ |
yadā punaḥ svarūpameva nirdidikṣitaṃ bhavati;nirastasarvopādhiviśeṣam, tadā na śakyate kenacidapi prakāreṇa nirdeṣṭum;tadā ayamevābhyupāyaḥ-yaduta prāptanirdeśapratiṣedhadvāreṇa 'neti neti'iti nirdeśaḥ | idaṃ ca nakāradvayaṃ vīpsāvyāptyartham;yadyatprāptaṃ tattanniṣidhyate | tathā ca sati anirdiṣṭāśaṅkā brahmaṇaḥ parihṛtā bhavati;anyathā hi nakāradvayena prakṛtadvayapratiṣedhe, yadanyatprakṛtātpratiṣiddhadvayādbrahma tanna nirdiṣṭam, kīdṛśaṃ nu khalu-ityāśaṅkā na nivartiṣyate;tathā cānarthakaśca sa nirdeśaḥ, puruṣasya vividiṣāyā anivartakatvāt; 'brahma jñapayiṣyāmi'iti ca vākyam aparisamāptārthaṃ syāt |
yadā tu sarvadikkālādivividiṣā nivartitā syāt sarvopādhinirākaraṇadvāreṇa tadā saindhavaghanavadekarasaṃ prajñānaghanamanantaramabāhyaṃ satyasya satyamahaṃbrahmāsmīti sarvato nivartate vividiṣā, ātmanyevāvasthitā prajñā bhavati | tasmādvīpsārthaṃ neti netīti nakāradvayam | nanu mahatā yatnena parikarabandhaṃ kṛtvā kiṃ yuktamevaṃ nirdeśṭuṃ brahma? bāḍham;kasmāt? na hi-yasmāt, 'iti na, iti na'ityetasmāt-itīti vyāptavyaprakārā nakāradvayaviṣayā nirdiśyante, yathā grāmo grāmo ramaṇīya iti, anyatparaṃ nirdeśanaṃ nāsti;tasmādayameva nirdeśo brahmaṇaḥ |
yaduktam- 'tasyopaniṣatsatyasya satyam'iti, evaṃprakāreṇa satyasya satyaṃ tatparaṃ brahma;ato yuktamuktaṃ nāmadheyaṃ brahmaṇaḥ, nāmaiva nāmadheyam;kiṃ tat? satyasya satyaṃ prāṇā vai satyaṃ teṣāmeṣa satyamiti || 6 ||
iti tṛtīyaṃ brāhmaṇam || 3 ||
ātmetyevopāsīta;tadeva tasminsarvasminpadanīyamātmatattvam, yasmātpreyaḥ putrādeḥ-ityupanyastasya vākyasya vyākhyānaviṣaye sambandhaprayojane abhihite- 'tadātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmīti tasmāttatsarvamabhavat'iti;evaṃ pratyagātmā brahmavidyāyā viṣaya ityetadupanyastam | avidyāyāśca viṣayaḥ- 'anyo 'sāvanyo 'hamasmīti na sa veda'ityārabhya cāturvarṇyapravibhāgādinimittapāṅktakarmasādhyasādhanalakṣaṇo bījāṅkuravadvyākṛtāvyākṛtasvabhāvo nāmarūpakarmātmakaḥ saṃsāraḥ 'trayaṃ vā idaṃ nāma rūpaṃ karma'ityupasaṃhṛtaḥ | śāsrīya utkarṣalakṣaṇo brahmalokānto 'dhobhāvaśca sthāvarānto 'śāsrīyaḥ pūrvameva pradarśitaḥ- 'dvayā ha'ityādinā | etasmādavidyāviṣayādviraktasya pratyagātmaviṣayabrahmavidyāyāmadhikāraḥ kathaṃ nāma syāditi-tṛtīye 'dhyāye upasaṃhṛtaḥ samasto 'vidyāviṣayaḥ | caturthe tu brahmavidyāviṣayaṃ pratyagātmānam 'brahma te bravāṇi'iti 'brahma jñapayiṣyāmi'iti ca prastutya, tadbrahmaikamadvayaṃ sarvaviśeṣaśūnyaṃ kriyākārakaphalasvabhāvasatyaśabdavācyāśeṣabhūtadharmapratiṣedhadvāreṇa 'neti neti'iti jñāpitam |
asyā brahmavidyāyā aṅgatvena saṃnyāso vidhitsitaḥ, jāyāputravittādilakṣaṇaṃ pāṅktaṃ karmāvidyāviṣayaṃ yasmānnātmaprāptisādhanam; anyasādhanaṃ hyanyasmai phalasādhanāya prayujyamānaṃ pratikūlaṃ bhavati | na hi bubhukṣāpipāsānivṛttyarthaṃ dhāvanaṃ gamanaṃ vā sādhanam; manuṣyalokapitṛlokadevalokasādhanatvena hi putrādisādhanāni śrutāni, nātmaprāptisādhanatvena | viśeṣitatvācca; na ca brahmavido vihitāni, kāmyatvaśravaṇāt- 'etāvānvai kāmaḥ' iti | brahmavidaścāptakāmatvādāptakāmasya kāmānupapatteḥ | "yeṣāṃ no 'yamātmāyaṃ lokaḥ"iti ca śruteḥ |
kecittu brahmavido 'pyeṣaṇāsambandhaṃ varṇayanti, tairbṛhadāraṇyakaṃ na śrutam; putrādyeṣaṇānāmavidvadviṣayatvam; vidyāviṣaye ca-"yeṣāṃ no 'yamātmāyaṃ lokaḥ"ityataḥ"kiṃ prajayā kariṣyāmaḥ"ityeṣa vibhāgastairna śrutaḥ śrutyā kṛtaḥ; sarvakriyākārakaphalopamardasvarūpāyāṃ ca vidyāyāṃ satyām, saha kāryeṇāvidyāyā anupapattilakṣaṇaśca virodhastairna vijñātaḥ |
vyāsavākyaṃ ca tairna śrutam; karmavidyāsvarūpayorvidyāvidyātmakayoḥ pratikūlavartanaṃ virodhaḥ;
"yadidaṃ vedavacanaṃ kuru karma tyajeti ca |
kāṃ gatiṃ vidyayā yānti kāṃ ca gacchanti karmaṇā ||
etadvai śrotumicchāmi tadbhavānprabravītu me |
etāvanyonyavairūpye vartete pratikūlataḥ |
"ityevaṃ pṛṣṭasya prativacanena - "karmaṇā badhyate janturvidyayā ca vimucyate |
tasmātkarma na kurvanti yatayaḥ pāradarśinaḥḥ ||
ityevamādivirodhaḥ pradarśitaḥ | tasmānna sādhanāntarasahitā brahmavidyā puruṣārthasādhanam, sarvavirodhāt, sādhananirapekṣaiva puruṣārthasādhanamiti pārivrājyaṃ sarvasādhanasaṃnyāsalakṣaṇamaṅgatvena vidhitsyate | etāvadeva amṛtatvasādhanam ityavadhāraṇāt, ṣaṣṭhasamāptau, liṅgācca-karmī sanyājñavalkyaḥ pravavrājeti | maitreyyai ca karmasādhanarahitāyai sādhanatvenāmṛtatvasya brahmavidyopadeśād vittanindāvacanācca | yadi hyamṛtatvasādhanaṃ karma syād vittasādhyaṃ pāṅktaṃ karma, iti tannindāvacanamaniṣṭaṃ syāt | yadi tu paritityājayiṣitaṃ karma, tato yuktā tatsādhananindā |
karmādhikāranimittavarṇāśramādipratyayopamardācca-"brahma taṃ parā dāt" "kṣatraṃ taṃ parādāt"ityādeḥ | na hi brahmakṣatrādyātmapratyayopamarde, brāhmaṇenedaṃ kartavyaṃ kṣatriyeṇedaṃ kartavyamiti viṣayābhāvādātmānaṃ labhate vidhiḥ | yasyaiva puruṣasyopamarditaḥ pratyayo brahmakṣatrādyātmaviṣayaḥ, tasya tatpratyayasaṃnyāsāt tatkāryāṇāṃ karmaṇāṃ karmasādhanānāṃ ca arthaprāptaśca sanyāsaḥ | tasmādātmajñānāṅgatvena saṃnyāsavidhitsayaiva ākhyāyikeyamārabhyate-

maitreyīti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ -- udyāsyan vā are 'ham asmāt sthānād asmi | hanta te 'nayā kātyāyanyāntaṃ karavāṇīti ||

FOURTH BRÂHMANA
1. Now when Yâgñavalkya was going to enter upon another state, he said: 'Maitreyî, verily I am going away from this my house (into the forest 4). Forsooth, let me make a settlement between thee and that Kâtyâyanî (my other wife).'

maitreyīti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ-maitreyīṃ svabhāryāmāmantritavānyājñavalkyo nāma ṛṣiḥ;udyāsyannūrdhvaṃ yāsyanpārivrājyākhyamāśramāntaraṃ vai | are iti sambodhanam | aham, asmādgārhasthyāt, sthānādāśramāt, ūrdhvaṃ gantumicchannasmi
bhavāmi;ato hantānumatiṃ prārthayāmi te tava;kiñcānyatte tavānayā dvitīyayā bhāryayā kātyāyanyāntaṃ vicchedaṃ karavāṇi;patidvāreṇa yuvayormayā sambandhasya vicchedaṃ karavāṇi dravyavibhāgaṃ kṛtvā;vittena saṃvibhajya yuvāṃ gamiṣyāmi || 1 ||

sā hovāca maitreyī -- yan nu ma iyaṃ bhagoḥ sarvā pṛthivī vittena pūrṇā syāt kathaṃ tenāmṛtā syām iti | neti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | yathaivopakaraṇavatāṃ jīvitaṃ tathaiva te jīvitaṃ syāt | amṛtatvasya tu nāśāsti vitteneti ||

2. Maitreyî said: 'My Lord, if this whole earth, full of wealth, belonged to me, tell me, should I be immortal by it 5?' 'No,' replied Yâgñavalkya; 'like the life of rich people will be thy life. But there is no hope of immortality by wealth.'

sā evamuktā hovāca-yadyadi 'nu'iti vitarke, me mama iyaṃ pṛthivī, bhagoḥ-bhagavan, sarvā sāgaraparikṣiptā vittena dhanena pūrṇā syāt;katham? na kathañcanetyākṣepārthaḥ, praśnārtho vā, tena pṛthivīpūrṇavittasādhyena karmaṇāgnihotrādinā amṛtā kiṃ syāmiti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ |
pratyuvāca yājñavalkyaḥ-kathamiti yadyākṣepārtham, anumodanaṃ neti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ-kathamiti yadyākṣepārtham, anumodanaṃ neti hovāca yājñavalkya iti;praśnaścetprativacanārtham;naiva syā amṛtā, kiṃ tarhi? yathaiva loke upakaraṇavatāṃ sādhanavatāṃ jīvitaṃ sukhopāyabhogasampannam;tathaiva tadvadeva tava jīvitaṃ syāt;amṛtatvasya tu nāśā manasāpyasti vittena vittasādhyena karmaṇeti || 2 ||

sā hovāca maitreyī -- yenāhaṃ nāmṛtā syāṃ kim ahaṃ tena kuryām | yad eva bhagavān veda tad eva me brūhīti ||

3. And Maitreyî said: 'What should I do with that by which I do not become immortal? What my Lord knoweth (of immortality), tell that to me.'

sā hovāca maitreyī;evamuktā pratyuvāca maitreyī-yadyevaṃ yenāhaṃ nāmṛtā syām, kimahaṃ tena vittena kuryām? yadeva bhagavānkevalamamṛtatvasādhanaṃ veda, tadevāmṛtatvasādhanaṃ me mahyaṃ brūhi || 3 ||

sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ -- priyā batāre naḥ satī priyaṃ bhāṣase | ehy āssva | vyākhyāsyāmi te | vyācakṣāṇasya tu me nididhyāsasveti ||

4. Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Thou who art truly dear to me, thou speakest dear words. Come, sit down, I will explain it to thee, and mark well what I say.'

sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | evaṃ vittasādhye 'mṛtatvasādhane pratyākhyāte, yājñavalkyaḥ svābhiprāyasampattau tuṣṭa āha;sa hovāca-priyeṣāṭā, batetyanukampyāha, are maitreyi no 'smākaṃ pūrvamapi priyā satī bhavantī idānīṃ priyameva cittānukūlaṃ bhāṣase;ata ehyāḥsvopaviśa vyākhyāsyāmi-yatte tava iṣṭam amṛtatvasādhanam ātmajñānaṃ
kathayiṣyāmi |
vyācakṣāṇasya tu me mama vyākhyānaṃ kurvato nididhyāsasva vākyānyarthato niścayena dhyātumiccheti || 4 ||

sa hovāca -- na vā are patyuḥ kāmāya patiḥ priyo bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya patiḥ priyo bhavati | na vā are jāyāyai kāmāya jāyā priyā bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya jāyā priyā bhavati | na vā are putrāṇāṃ kāmāya putrāḥ priyā bhavanty ātmanas tu kāmāya putrāḥ priyā bhavanti | na vā are vittasya kāmāya vittaṃ priyaṃ bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya vittaṃ priyaṃ bhavati | na vā are brahmaṇaḥ kāmāya brahma priyaṃ bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya brahma priyaṃ bhavati | na vā are kṣatrasya kāmāya kṣatraṃ priyaṃ bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya kṣatraṃ priyaṃ bhavati | na vā are lokānāṃ kāmāya lokāḥ priyā bhavanty ātmanas tu kāmāya lokāḥ priyā bhavanti | na vā are devānāṃ kāmāya devāḥ priyā bhavanty ātmanas tu kāmāya devāḥ priyā bhavanti | na vā are bhūtānāṃ kāmāya bhūtāni priyāṇi bhavanty ātmanas tu kāmāya bhūtāni priyāṇi bhavanti | na vā are sarvasya kāmāya sarvaṃ priyaṃ bhavaty ātmanas tu kāmāya sarvaṃ priyaṃ bhavati | ātmā vā are draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāsitavyo maitreyi | ātmano vā are darśanena śravaṇena matyā vijñānenedaṃ sarvaṃ viditam ||

5. And he said: 'Verily, a husband is not dear, that you may love the husband; but that you may love the Self, therefore a husband is dear. 'Verily, a wife is not dear, that you may love the wife; but that you may love the Self, therefore a wife is dear. 'Verily, sons are not dear, that you may love the sons; but that you may love the Self, therefore sons are dear. 'Verily, wealth is not dear, that you may love wealth; but that you may love the Self, therefore wealth is dear. 'Verily, the Brahman-class is not dear, that you may love the Brahman-class; but that you may love the Self, therefore the Brahman-class is dear. 'Verily, the Kshatra-class is not dear, that you may love the Kshatra-class; but that you may love the Self, therefore the Kshatra-class is dear. 'Verily, the worlds are not dear, that you may love the worlds; but that you may love the Self, therefore the worlds are dear. 'Verily, the Devas are not dear, that you may love the Devas; but that you may love the Self, therefore the Devas are dear. 'Verily, creatures are not dear, that you may love the creatures; but that you may love the Self, therefore are creatures dear. 'Verily, everything is not dear that you may love everything; but that you may love the Self, therefore everything is dear. 'Verily, the Self is to be seen, to be heard, to be perceived, to be marked, O Maitreyî! When we see, hear, perceive, and know the Self, then all this is known.

sa hovāca-amṛtatvasādhanaṃ vairāgyamupadidikṣurjāyāpatiputrādibhyo virāgamutpādayati tatsaṃnyāsāya | na vai-vaiśabdaḥ prasiddhasmaraṇārthaḥ;prasiddhamevaitalloke;patyurbhartuḥ kāmāya prayojanāya jāyāyāḥ patiḥ priyo na bhavati, kiṃ tarhyātmanastu kāmāya prayojanāyaiva bhāryāyāḥ patiḥ priyo bhavati | tathā na vā are jāyāyā ityādi samānamanyat, na vā are putrāṇām, na vā are vittasya, na vā are brahmaṇaḥ, na vā are kṣatrasya, na vā are devānām, na vā are bhūtānām, na vā are sarvasya, pūrvaṃ pūrvaṃ yathāsanne prītisādhane vacanam;tatra tatreṣṭataratvādvairāgyasya;sarvagrahaṇamuktānuktārtham |
tasmāllokaprasiddhametat-ātmaiva priyaḥ, nānyat | 'tadetatpreyaḥ putrāt'ityupanyastam, tasyaitad vṛttisthānīyaṃ prapañcitam |
tasmādātmaprītisādhanatvādgauṇī anyatra prītiḥ, ātmanyeva mukhyā |
tasmādātmā vai are draṣṭavyo darśanārhaḥ, darśanaviṣayamāpādayitavyaḥ;śrotavyaḥ pūrvamācāryata āgamataśca;paścānmantavyastarkataḥ;tato nididhyāsitavyo niścayena dhyātavyaḥ;evaṃ hyasau dṛṣṭo bhavati śravaṇamanananididhyāsanasādhanairnirvartitaiḥ |
yadaikatvamatānyupagatāni, tadā samyagdarśanaṃ brahmaikatvaviṣayaṃ prasidati, nānyathā śravaṇamātreṇa |
yadbrahmakṣatrādi karmanimittaṃ varṇāśramādilakṣaṇam ātmavidyādhyāropitapratyayaviṣayaṃ kriyākārakaphalātmakamavidyāpratyayaviṣayam-rajjavāmva sarpapratyayaḥ, tadupamardanārtham āha-ātmani khalvare maitreyi dṛṣṭe śrute mate vijñāte idaṃ sarvaṃ viditaṃ vijñātaṃ bhavati || 5 ||
nanu kathamanyasminvidite 'nyadviditaṃ bhavati? naiṣa doṣaḥ;na hi ātmavyatirekeṇānyatkiñcidasti ;yadyasti na tadviditaṃ syāt;na tvanyadasti;ātmaiva tu sarvam;tasmātsarvamātmani vidite viditaṃ syāt | kathaṃ punarātmaiva sarvamityetacchrāvayati-

brahma taṃ parādād yo 'nyatrātmano brahma veda | kṣatraṃ taṃ parādād yo 'nyatrātmanaḥ kṣatraṃ veda | lokās taṃ parādur yo 'nyatrātmano lokān veda | devās taṃ parādur yo 'nyatrātmano devān veda | bhūtāni taṃ parādur yo 'nyatrātmano bhūtāni veda | sarvaṃ taṃ parādād yo 'nyatrātmanaḥ sarvaṃ veda | idaṃ brahmedaṃ kṣatram ime lokā ime devā imāni bhūtānīdaṃ sarvaṃ yad ayam ātmā ||

6. 'Whosoever looks for the Brahman-class elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the Brahman-class. Whosoever looks for the Kshatra-class elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the Kshatra-class. Whosoever looks for the worlds elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the worlds. Whosoever looks for the Devas elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the Devas. Whosoever looks for creatures elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by the creatures. Whosoever looks for anything elsewhere than in the Self, was abandoned by everything. This Brahman-class, this Kshatra-class, these worlds, these Devas, these creatures, this everything, all is that Self.

brahma brāhmaṇajātistaṃ puruṣaṃ parādātparādadhyātparākuryāt;kam? yo 'nyatrātmana ātmasvarūpavyatirekeṇa-ātmaiva na bhavatīyaṃ brāhmaṇajātiriti-tāṃ yo veda, taṃ parādadhyātsā
brāhmaṇajātiranātmasvarūpeṇa māṃ paśyatīti;paramātmāhi sarveṣāmātmā |
tathā kṣatraṃ kṣatriyajātiḥ, tathā lokāḥ, devāḥ, bhūtāni, sarvam |
idaṃ brahmeti-yānyanukrāntāni tāni sarvāṇi, ātmaiva, yadayamātmā-yo 'yamātmā draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavya iti prakṛtaḥ;yasmādātmano jāyata ātmanyeva līyata ātmamayaṃ ca sthitikāle, ātmavyatirekeṇāgrahaṇāt, ātmaiva sarvam || 6 ||
kathaṃ punaridānīmidaṃ sarvamātmaiveti grahītuṃ śakyate? cinmātrānugamātsarvatra citsvarūpataiveti gamyate | tatra dṛṣṭānta ucyate | tatra dṛṣṭānta ucyate-yatsvarūpavyatirekeṇāgrahaṇaṃ yasya, tasya tadātmatvameva loke dṛṣṭam |

sa yathā dundubher hanyamānasya na bāhyāñ chabdāñ chaknuyād grahaṇāya | dundubhes tu grahaṇena dundubhyāghātasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ ||

7. 'Now as the sounds of a drum, when beaten, cannot be seized externally (by themselves), but the sound is seized, when the drum is seized or the beater of the drum;

sa yathā-sa iti dṛṣṭāntaḥ, loke yathā dundubherbheryādeḥ, hanyamānasya tāḍyamānasya daṇḍādinā, na, bāhyāñchabdān bahirbhūtāñchabdaviśeṣān dundubhiśabdasāmānyānniṣkṛṣṭān dundubhiśabdaviśeṣān na śaknuyād grahaṇāya grahītum;dundubhestu grahaṇena, dundubhiśabdā eta iti, śabdaviśeṣā gṛhītā bhavanti, dundubhiśabdasāmānyavyatirekeṇābhāvātteṣām |
dundubhyāghātasya vā, dunduberāhananam āghātaḥ, dundubhyāghātaviśiṣṭasya śabdasāmānyasya grahaṇena tadgatā viśeṣā gṛhītā
bhavanti, na tu ta eva nirbhidya grahītuṃ śakyante, viśeṣarūpeṇābhāvātteṣām |
tathā prajñānavyatirekeṇa svapnajāgaritayorna kaścidvastuviśeṣo gṛhyate;tasmātprajñānavyatirekeṇa abhāvo yuktasteṣām || 7 ||

sa yathā śaṅkhasya dhmāyamānasya na bāhyāñ chabdāñ chaknuyād grahaṇāya śaṅkhasya tu grahaṇena śaṅkhadhmasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ ||

8. 'And as the sounds of a conch-shell, when blown, cannot be seized externally (by themselves), but the sound is seized, when the shell is seized or the blower of the shell;

tathā sa yathā śaṅkhasya dhmāyamānasya śabdena saṃyojyamānasya āpūryamāṇasya na bāhyāñchabdāñchaknuyādityevamādi pūrvavat || 8 ||

sa yathā vīṇāyai vādyamānāyai na bāhyāñ chabdāñ chaknuyād grahaṇāya vīṇāyai tu grahaṇena vīṇāvādasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ ||

9. 'And as the sounds of a lute, when played, cannot be seized externally (by themselves), but the sound is seized, when the lute is seized or the player of the lute;

tathā vīṇāyai vādyamānāyai-vīmāyā vādyamānāyāḥ |
anekadṛṣṭāntopādānamiha sāmānyabahutvakhyāpanārtham-aneke hi vilakṣaṇāścetanācetanarūpāḥ sāmānyaviśeṣāḥ-teṣāṃ pāramparyagatyā yathaikasminmahāsāmānye 'ntarbhāvaḥ prajñānaghane, kathaṃ nāma pradarśayitavya iti;dundubhiśaṅkhavīṇāśabdasāmānyaviśeṣāṇāṃ yathā śabdatve 'ntarbhāvaḥ, evaṃ sthitikāle tāvatsāmānyaviśeṣāvyatirekād brahmaikatvaṃ śakyamavagantum || 9 ||
evamutpattikāle prāgutpatterbrahmaiveti śakyamavagantum | yathāgnervisphuliṅgadhūmāṅgārārciṣāṃ prāgvibhāgādagnireveti bhavatyagnyekatvam, evaṃ jagannāmarūpavikṛtaṃ pragutpatteḥ prajñānaghana eveti yuktaṃ grahītumityetaducyate-

sa yathārdraidhāgner abhyāhitāt pṛthag dhūmā viniścaranty eva vā are 'sya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad yad ṛgvedo yajurvedaḥ sāmavedo 'tharvāṅgirasa itihāsaḥ purāṇaṃ vidyā upaniṣadaḥ ślokāḥ sūtrāṇy anuvyākhyānāni vyākhyānani | asyaivaitāni niśvasitāni ||

10. 'As clouds of smoke proceed by themselves out of a lighted fire kindled with damp fuel, thus, verily, O Maitreyî, has been breathed forth from this great Being what we have as Rig-veda, Yagur-veda, Sama-veda, Atharvâṅgirasas, Itihâsa (legends), Purâna (cosmogonies), Vidyâ (knowledge), the Upanishads, Slokas (verses), Sûtras (prose rules), Anuvyâkhyânas (glosses), Vyâkhyânas (commentaries). From him alone all these were breathed forth.

sa yathā-ārdraidhāgneḥ, ārdrairedhobhiriddho 'gnirārdraidhāgniḥ, tasmāt, abhyāhitātpṛthagdhūmāḥ, pṛthagnānāprakāram, dhūmagrahaṇaṃ visphulihgādipradarśanārtham, dhūmavisphuliṅgādayo viniścaranti vinirgacchanti | evam-yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, are maitreyyasya paramātmanaḥ prakṛtasya mahato bhūtasya niśvasitametat, niśvasitamiva niśvasitam;yathā aprayatnenaiva puruṣaniśvāso bhavatyevaṃ vā are | kiṃ tanniśvasitamiva tato jātamityucyate-yadṛgvedo yajurvedaḥ sāmavedo 'tharvāṅgirasaḥ-caturvidhaṃ mantrajātam, itihāsa ityurvaśīpurūravasoḥ saṃvādādiḥ-"urvaśīhāpsarāḥ"ityādibrāhmaṇameva, purāṇam"asadvā idamagra āsīt"ityādi, vidyā devajanavidyā vedaḥ so 'yamityādyā, upaniṣadaḥ"priyamityetadupāsīta"ityādyāḥ, ślokā brāhmaṇaprabhavā mantrāḥ"tadete ślokāḥ"ityādayaḥ; sūtrāṇi vastusaṅgraha vākyāni vede yathā-"ātmetyevopāsīta"ityādīni, anuvyākhyānāni mantravivaraṇāni, vyākhyānānyarthavādāḥ, athavā vastusaṅgrahavākyavivaraṇānyanuvyākhyānāni, yathā caturthādhyāye 'ātmetyevopāsīta' ityasya, yathā vā 'anyo 'sāvanyo 'hamasmīti na sa veda yathā paśurevam' ityasyāyamevādhyāyaśeṣaḥ, mantravivaraṇāni vyākhyānāni, evamaṣṭavidhaṃ brāhmaṇam | evaṃ mantrabrāhmaṇayoreva grahaṇam, niyataracanāvato vidyamānasyaiva vedasyābhivyaktiḥ puruṣaniśvāsavat, na ca puruṣabuddhiprayatnapūrvakaḥ; ataḥ pramāṇaṃ nirapekṣa eva svārthe; tasmādyattenoktaṃ tattathaiva pratipattavyam, ātmanaḥ śreya icchadbhiḥ jñānaṃ vā karma veti | nāmaprakāśavaśā hi rūpasya vikriyāvyavasthā |
nāmarūpayoreva hi paramātmopādhibhūtayorvyākriyamāṇayoḥ salilaphenavattattvānyatvenānirvaktavyayoḥ sarvāvasthayoḥ saṃsāratvam-ityato nāmna eva niśvasitatvamuktam, tadvacanenaivetarasya niśvasitatvasiddheḥ |
athavā sarvasya dvaitajātasya avidyāviṣayatvamuktam-"brahma taṃ parādāt.....idaṃ sarvaṃ yadayamātmā"iti |
tena vedasyāprāmāṇyamāśaṅkyate |
tadāśaṅkānivṛttyarthamidamuktam? puruṣaniśvāsavadaprayatnotthitatvātpramāṇaṃ vedaḥ, na yathā anyo grantha iti || 10 ||
kiñcānyat, na kevalaṃ sthityutpattikālayoreva prajñānavyatirekeṇābhāvājjagato brahmatvam, pralayakāle ca | jalabudbudaphenādīnāmiva salilavyatirekeṇābhāvaḥ, evaṃ prajñānavyatirekeṇa tatkāryāṇāṃ nāmarūpakarmaṇāṃ tasminneva līyamānānāmabhāvaḥ | tasmādekameva brahma prajñānaghanamekarasaṃ pratipattavyamityata āha | pralayapradarśanāya dṛṣṭāntaḥ-

sa yathā sarvāsām apāṃ samudra ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ sparśānāṃ tvag ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ gandhānāṃ nāsike ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ rasānāṃ jihvaikāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ rūpāṇāṃ cakṣur ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣaṃ śabdānāṃ śrotram ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ saṃkalpānāṃ mana ekāyanam | evaṃ sarvāsāṃ vidyānāṃ hṛdayam ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ hastāv ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣām ānandānām upastha ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ visargāṇāṃ pāyur ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣām adhvanāṃ pādāv ekāyanam | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ vedānāṃ vāg ekāyanam ||

11. 'As all waters find their centre in the sea, all touches in the skin, all tastes in the tongue, all smells in the nose, all colours in the eye, all sounds in the ear, all percepts in the mind, all knowledge in the heart, all actions in the hands, all movements in the feet, and all the Vedas in speech,--

sa iti dṛṣṭāntaḥ;yathā yena prakāreṇa, sarvāsāṃ nadīvāpītaḍāgādigatānāmapām, samudro 'bdhirekāyanam, ekagamanamekapralayo 'vibhāgaprāptirityarthaḥ;yathāyāṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, evaṃ sarveṣāṃ sparśānāṃ mṛdukarkaśakaṭhinapicchilādīnāṃ vāyorātmabhūtānāṃ tvagekāyanam, tvagiti tvagviṣayaṃ sparśasāmānyamātram, tasminpraviṣṭāḥ sparśaviśeṣāḥ-āpa iva samudram-tadvyatirekeṇābhāvabhūtā bhavanti;tasyaiva hi te saṃsthānamātrā āsan | tathā tadapi sparśasāmānyamātraṃ tvakchabdavācyaṃ manaḥsaṅkalpe manoviṣayasāmānyamātre, tvagviṣaya ivasparśaviśeṣāḥ, praviṣṭaṃ tadvyatirekeṇābhāvabhūtaṃ bhavati;evaṃ manoviṣayo 'pi buddhiviṣayasāmānyamātre praviṣṭastadvyatirekeṇābhāvabhūto bhavati;vijñānamātrameva bhūtvā prajñānaghane pare brahmaṇyāpa iva samudre pralīyate |
evaṃ paramparākrameṇa śabdādau saha grāhakeṇa karaṇena pralīne prajñānaghane upādhyabhāvātsaindhavaghanavat prajñānaghanamekarasamanantamapāraṃ nirantaraṃ brahma vyavatiṣṭhate | tasmādātmaiva ekamadvayamiti pratipattavyam |
tathā sarveṣāṃ gandhānāṃ pṛthivīviśeṣāṇāṃ nāsike ghrāṇaviṣayasāmānyam, tathā sarveṣāṃ rasānāmabviśeṣāṇāṃ cakṣuścakṣurviṣayasāmānyam, tathā śabdānāṃ śrotraviṣayasāmānyaṃ pūrvavat | tathā śrotrādiviṣayasāmānyānāṃ manoviṣayasāmānye saṅkalpe;manoviṣayasāmānyasyāpi buddhiviṣayasāmānye vijñānamātre;vijñānamātraṃ bhūtvā parasminprajñānaghane pralīyate | tathā karmendriyāṇāṃ viṣayā vadanādānagamanavisargānandaviśeṣāḥ tattatkriyāsāmānyeṣveva praviṣṭā na vibhāgayogyā bhavanti, samudra ivābviśeṣāḥ; tāni ca sāmānyāni prāṇamātram, prāṇaśca prajñānamātrameva |
"yo vai prāṇaḥ sā prajñā yā vai prajñā sa prāṇaḥ"iti kauṣītakino 'dhīyate |
nanu sarvatra viṣayasyaiva pralayo 'bhihitaḥ, na tu karaṇasya;tatra ko 'bhiprāya iti? bāḍham;kintu viṣayasamānajātīyaṃ karaṇaṃ manyate śrutiḥ, na tu jātyantaram;viṣayasyaiva svātmagrāhakatvena saṃsthānāntaraṃ karaṇaṃ nāma-yathā rūpaviśeṣasyaiva saṃsthānaṃ pradīpaḥ karaṇaṃ sarvarūpaprakāśane, evaṃ sarvaviṣayaviśeṣāṇāmeva svātmaviśeṣaprakāśakatvena saṃsthānāntarāṇi karaṇāni pradīpavat |
tasmānna karaṇānāṃ pṛthakpralaye yatnaḥ kāryaḥ,
viṣayasāmānyātmakatvādviṣayapralayenaiva pralayaḥ siddho bhavati karaṇānāmiti || 11 ||
tatra 'idaṃ sarvaṃ yadayamātmā' iti pratijñātam, tatra heturabhihitaḥ-ātmasāmānyatvam, ātmajatvam, ātmapralayatvaṃ ca | tasmādutpattisthitipralayakāleṣu prajñānavyatirekeṇābhāvāt"prajñānaṃ brahma" "ātmaivedaṃ sarvam"iti pratijñātaṃ yat, tattarkataḥ sādhitam | svābhāviko 'yaṃ pralaya iti paurāṇikā vadanti | yastu buddhipūrvakaḥ pralayo brahmavidāṃ brahmavidyānimittaḥ, ayamātyantika ityācakṣate-avidyānirodhadvāreṇa yo bhavati; tadartho 'yaṃ viśeṣārambhaḥ-

sa yathā saindhavakhilya udake prāsta udakam evānuvilīyeta na hāsyodgrahaṇāyeva syāt | yato-yatas tv ādadīta lavaṇam | evaṃ vā ara idaṃ mahad bhūtam anantam apāraṃ vijñānaghana eva | etebhyo bhūtebhyaḥ samutthāya tāny evānuvinaśyati | na pretya saṃjñāstīty are bravīmi | iti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ ||

12. 'As a lump of salt, when thrown into water, becomes dissolved into water, and could not be taken out again, but wherever we taste (the water) it is salt,--thus verily, O Maitreyî, does this great Being, endless, unlimited, consisting of nothing but knowledge, rise from out these elements, and vanish again in them. When he has departed, there is no more knowledge (name), I say, O Maitreyî.' Thus spoke Yâgñavalkya.

tatra dṛṣṭānta upādīyate-sa yatheti | saindhavakhilyaḥ- sindhorvikāraḥ saindhavaḥ, sindhuśabdenodakamabhidhīyate, syandanātsindhurudakam, tadvikārastatra bhavo vā saindhavaḥ saindhavaścāsau khilyaśceti saindhavakhilyaḥ, khila eva khilyaḥ svārthe yatpratyayaḥ, udeka sindhau svayonauprastaḥ prakṣiptaḥ, udakameva vilīyamānamanuvilīyeta;yattadbhaumataijasasamparkātkāṭhinyaprāptiḥ | khilyasya svayonisamparkādapagacchati tadudakasya vilayanam, tadanu saindhavakhilyo vilīyata ityucyate | tadetadāha udakamevānuvilīyeteti |
na ha naiva asya khilyasyodgrahaṇāyoddhṛtya pūrvavadgrahaṇāya grahītuṃ naiva samarthaḥ kaścitsyātsunipuṇo 'pi | ivaśabdo 'narthakaḥ | grahaṇāya naiva samarthaḥ;kasmāt? yato yato yasmādyasmāddeśātadudakamādadīta gṛhītvā svādayet, lavaṇāsvādameva tadudakaṃ na tu khilyamāvaḥ |
yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, evameva vā are maitreyidaṃ paramātmākhyaṃ mahadbhūtam-yasmānmahato bhūtādavidyayā paricchinnā satī kāryakaraṇopādhisambandhātkhilyamāvamāpannāsi, martyā janmamaraṇāśanāyāpipāsādisaṃsāradharmavatyasi, nāmarūpakāryātmikā-amuṣyānva yāhamiti, sa khilyabhāvastava kāryakaraṇabhūnopādhisamparkabhrāntijanito mahati bhūte svayonau mahāsamudrasyānīye paramātmani ajare 'mare 'bhaye śudve saindhavavanavadekarase prajñānaghane 'nante 'pāre nirantare 'vidyājanitabhrāntimedavarjite praveśitaḥ | tasminpraviṣṭe svayonigraste khilyabhāve 'vidyākṛte bhedabhāve praṇāśite-idamekamadvaitaṃ mahadbhūtam mahacca tad bhūtaṃ ca mahadbhūtaṃ sarvamahattaratvādākāśādikāraṇatvācca | bhūtaṃ viṣvapi kālepu svarūpādhyabhicārātsarvadaiva pariniṣpannamiti vaikāliko niṣṭhāpratyayaḥ |
athavā bhūtaśabdaḥ paramārthavācī, mahacca pāramārthikaṃ cetyarthaḥ;laukikaṃ tu yadyapi mahadbhavati, svapnamāyākṛtaṃ himavadādiparvatopamaṃ na paramārthavastu;ato viśinaṣṭi--idaṃ tu mahacca tadabhūtaṃ ceti | anantaṃ nāsyānto vidyata ityanantam;kadācidāpekṣikaṃ syādityato viśinaṣṭayapāramitivijñaptirvijñānam, vijñānama ca tadghanaśceti vijñānaghanaḥ, ghanaśabdojātyantarapratiṣedhārthaḥ-yathā suvarṇaghano 'yoghana iti;
evaśabdo 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ-nānyañjātyantaramantarāle vidyata ityarthaḥ |
yadīdamekamadvaitaṃ paramārthataḥ svacchaṃ saṃsāraduḥkhāsampṛttkam, kinnimito 'yaṃ khilyabhāva ātmano jāto mṛtaḥ sukhī duḥkhyahaṃ mametyevamādilakṣaṇo 'nekasaṃsāradharmopadrutaḥ? ityucyate--
etebhyo bhūtebhyo yānyetāni kāryakaraṇavipayākārapariṇatāni nāmarūpātmakāni salliphenavudvudopamānisvacchasya paramātmanaḥ salilopamasya, yepāṃ viṣayaparyantānāṃ prajñānaghane brahmaṇi paramārthavivekajñānena pravilāpanamuttakaṃ nadīsamudravata--etabhyo hetubhūtebhyo bhūtebhyaḥ satyaśabdavācyebhyaḥ samutthāya saindhavakhilyavat-yathā adbhayaḥ sūryacandrādipratibimbaḥ, yathā vā svacchasya sphaṭikasya alattakādyupādhibhyo rattkādibhāvaḥ, evaṃ kāryakaraṇabhūtabhūtopādhibhyo viśepātmakhilyabhāvena samutthāya samyagutthāya--yebhyo bhūtebhya utthitaḥ tāni yadākāryakaraṇaviṣayākārapariṇatāni bhūtānyātmano viśepātmakhilyahetubhūtāni śāstrācāryopadeśena brahmavidyāyā nadīsamudravatpravilāpitāni vinaśyanti, salilaphenabudbudādivatteṣu vinaśyatsu anvevaiṣa viśeṣātmakhilyabhāvo vinaśyati;yathā udakālattphakādihetvapanaye sāryacandrasphaṭikādipratibimbo vinaśyati, candrādi svarūpameva paramārthato vyavatiṣṭhate, tadvatprajñānaghanamanantamapāraṃ svacchaṃ vyavatiṣṭhate |
na tatra pretya viśepasaṃjñāsti kāryakaraṇasaṅghātebhyovimuttkasya-ityevamare maitreyi bravīmi nāsti viśeṣasaṃjñeti--ahamasāvamuṣya putro mamedaṃ kṣetraṃ dhanaṃ sukhī duḥkhītyevamādilakṣaṇā, avidyākṛtatvāttasyāḥ;avidyāyāścabrahmavidyayā niranvayato nāśitatvātkuto viśeṣasaṃjñāsambhavo brahmavidaścaitanyasvabhāvāvasthitasya? śarīrāvasthitasyāpi viśeṣasaṃjñā nopapadyate kimuta kāryakaraṇavimuttkasya sarvataḥ? iti hovācottkavānkila paramārthadarśanaṃ maitreyyai bhāryāyai yājñavalkyaḥ ||12 ||
evaṃ pratibodhitā--

sā hovāca maitreyī -- atraiva mā bhagavān amūmuhan na pretya saṃjñāstīti | sa hovāca -- na vā are 'haṃ mohaṃ bravīmi | alaṃ vā ara idaṃ vijñānāya ||

13. Then Maitreyî said: 'Here thou hast bewildered me, Sir, when thou sayest that having departed, there is no more knowledge.' But Yâgñavalkya replied: 'O Maitreyî, I say nothing that is bewildering. This is enough, O beloved, for wisdom.

sā ha kilovācottkavatī maitreyī--atraiva etasmitreva ekasminvastuni brahmaṇi virudvadharmavattavamācakṣaṇena bhagavatā mama moha kṛtaḥ;tadāha--atraiva mā bhagavānpūjāvānamūmuhanmohaṃ kṛtacān | kathaṃ tena virudvadharmavattvam utkamityucyate--pūrva vijñānaghana eveti pratiśāya punarna pretya saṃśāstīti;kathaṃ vijñānaghana eva? kathaṃ vā na pretya saṃjñāstīti? na hyuṣṇaḥ śītaścāgnirevaiko bhavati | ato mūḍhāsmyatra |
sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ-na vā are maitreyyahaṃ mohaṃ bravīmi mohanaṃ vākyaṃ na bravīmityarthaḥ | nanu kathaṃ virudvadharmatvamavocaḥ-vijñāna ghanaṃ saṃjñābhāvaṃ ca ? na mayedamekasminvamiṃṇyamihitam, tvayaivedaṃ virudvadharmatvenaikaṃ vastu parigṛhītaṃ bhrāntyā, na tu mayottkam | mayā tvidamuttkam--yastvavidyāpratyupasyāpitaḥkāryakaraṇasambandhī ātmanaḥ khilyabhāvaḥ, yasminvidyayā nāśite, tannimittā yā viśeṣasaṃjñā śarīrādisambandhinī anyatvadarśanalakṣaṇā, sā kāryakaraṇasaṅghātopādhau pravilāpite naśyati hetvabhāvād udakādyādhāranāśādiva candrādipratibimba stannimittaśca prakāśādiḥ; na punaḥ paramārthacandrādityasvarūpānāśavadasaṃsāribrahmasvarūpasya vijñānaghanasya nāśaḥ; tadvijñāghana ityuttkam; sa ātmā sarvasya jagataḥ, paramārthato bhūtanāśānna vināśī | vināśī tvavidyakṛtaḥ khilyabhāvaḥ,"vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyam"(chā0 u0 6 |1 |4) iti śrutyantarāt | ayaṃ tu pāramārthikaḥ-avināśī vā are 'yamātmā, ato 'laṃ paryāptaṃ vai are idaṃ mahadbhūtamanantamapāraṃ ya yāvyākhyātaṃ vijñānāya vijñātum |

yatra hi dvaitam iva bhavati tad itara itaraṃ jighrati tad itara itaraṃ paśyati tad itara itaraṃ śṛṇoti tad itara itaraṃ jighrati tad itara itaram abhivadati tad itara itaraṃ manute tad itara itaraṃ vijānāti | yatra vāsya sarvam ātmaivābhūt tat kena kaṃ jighret tat kena kaṃ jighret tat kena kaṃ paśyet tat kena kaṃ śṛṇuyāt tat kena kam abhivadet tat kena kaṃ manvīta tat kena kaṃ vijānīyāt | yenedaṃ sarvaṃ vijānāti taṃ kena vijānīyāt | vijñātāram are kena vijānīyād iti ||

14. 'For when there is as it were duality, then one sees the other, one smells the other, one hears the other, one salutes the other, one perceives the other, one knows the other; but when the Self only is all this, how should he smell another, how should he see another, how should he hear another, how should he salute another, how should he perceive another, how should he know another? How should he know Him by whom he knows all this? How, O beloved, should he know (himself), the Knower?'

kathaṃ tarhi pretya saṃjñā nāstītyucyate | śṛṇu | yatra yasminnavidyākalpite kāryakaraṇasaṃghātopādhijanite viśeṣātmani khilyabhāve hi yasmādaddvaitamiva pāramārthato 'dvaite brahmaṇi dvaitamiva bhinnamiva vastvantaramātmana upalakṣyate | nanu dvaitenopamīyamānatvāddvaitasya pāramārthikatvamiti | na | 'vācā'rambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyami'ti śrutyantarā 'dekamevā'dvitīyamātmaivedaṃ sarvāmiti ca | tattatra yasmāddvaitamiva tasmādevetaro 'sau paramātmanaḥ khilyabhūta ātmāparamārthaścandroderivodakacandrādipratibimba itaro ghrātetareṇa dhrāṇenetaraṃ ghrātavyaṃ jighrati | itara itaramiti kārakapradarśanārthaṃ jighratīti kriyāphalayorabhidhānam | yathā chinttīti yathodyamyodyamya nipātanaṃ chedasya ca dvaidhībhāva ubhayaṃ chinattītyekenaiva śabdenābhidhīyate kriyāvasānatvātkriyāvyatirekeṇa ca tatphalasyānupalambhāt | itaro ghrāṇetareṇa ghrāṇenetaraṃ ghratavyaṃ jighrati tathā sarvaṃ pūrvavadvijānāti | iyamavidyāvadavasthā |
yatra tu brahmavidyayāvidyā nāśamupagamitā tatrā'tmavyatirekeṇānyasyābhāvaḥ | yatra vā asya brahmavidaḥ sarvaṃ nāmarūpādyātmanyeva pravilāpitamātmaiva saṃvṛttaṃ yatraivamātmaivābhūttatra kena karaṇena kaṃ dhrātavyaṃ ko jighrettathā paśyodvijānīyāt | sarvatra hi kārakasādhyā kriyā | ataḥ kārakābhāve 'nupapattiḥ kriyāyāḥ kriyābhāve ca phalābhāvaḥ | tasmādavidyāyāmeva satyāṃ kriyākārakaphalavyavahāro na brahmavidaḥ | ātmatvādeva sarvasya nā'tmavyatirekeṇa kārakaṃ kriyāphalaṃ vāsti | nacānātmā sansarvamātmaiva bhavati kasyacit | tasmādavidyayaivānāttmatvaṃ parikalpitaṃ na tu paramārthata ātmavyatirekeṇāsti kiñcit | tasmātparamārthātmaikatvapratyaye kriyākārakaphalapratyayānupapattiḥ | ato virodhādbrahmavidaḥ kriyāṇāṃ tatsādhanānāṃ cāntyantameva nivṛttiḥ | kena kimiti kṣepārthaṃ vacanaṃ prakārāntarānupapattidarśanārtham | kenacidapi prakāreṇa kriyākaraṇādikārakānupapatteḥ | kenatcitkañcitkāścitkathaṃ cinna jivredevetyarthaḥ |
yatrāpyavidyāvasthāyāmanyo 'nyaṃ paśyati tatrāpi yenedaṃ sarvaṃ vijānāti taṃ kena vijānīyādyena vijānāti tasya karaṇasya vijñeye viniyuktatvāt |
jñātuśva jñeya eva hi jijñāsā nā'tmani |
na cāgnerivā'tmā'tmano viṣayo na cāviṣaye jñāturjñānamupapadyate |
tasmādyenedaṃ vijānāti taṃ vijñātāraṃ kena karaṇena ko vānyo vijānīyāt |
yadā tu punaḥ paramārthavivekino brahmavido vijñātaiva kevalo 'dvayo vartate taṃ vijñātāramare kena vijānīyāditi || 4 ||
iti bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye dvitīyādhyāyasya caturthaṃ brāhmaṇam || 4 ||
yatkevalaṃ karmanirapekṣamamṛtavasādhanaṃ tadvaktavyamiti maitreyībrāhmaṇamārabdham | taccā'tmajñānaṃ savaṃsanyāsāṅgaviśiṣṭam | ātmani ca vijñāte sarvamidaṃ vijñātaṃ bhavati | ātmā ca priyaḥ sarvasmāt | tasmādātmā draṣṭavyaḥ sa ca śrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāstavya iti ca darśanaprakārā uktāḥ | tatra śrotavya ācāryāgamābhyām | mantavyastarkataḥ | tatra ca tarka ukta ātmaivedaṃ sarvamiti pratijñātasya hetuvacanamātmaikasāmānyatvamātmaikodbhavatvamātmaikapralayatvaṃ ca | tatrāyaṃ heturasiddha ityāśaṅkyata ātmaikasāmānyodbhavapralayākhyastadāśaṅkānivṛtyarthametadbrāhmaṇamārabhyate |
yasmātparasparopakāryopakārakabhūtaṃ jagatsarvaṃ pṛthivyādi | yacca loke parasparakāryopakārakabhūtaṃ tadekakāraṇapūrvakamekasāmānyātmakamekapralayaṃ ca dṛṣṭam | tasmādidamapi pṛthivyādilakṣaṇaṃ jagatparasparopakāryopakārakatvāttathābhūtaṃ bhavitumarhati | eṣa hyartho 'sminbrāhmaṇeprakāśyate | athavā'tmaivedaṃ sarvamiti pratijñātasyā'tmotpattisthitilayatvaṃ kriyate | tathā hi naiyāyikairuktaṃ hetvapadeśātpratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanamiti | anyairvyākhyātamā dundubhidṛṣṭāntācchrotavyārthamāgamavacanaṃ prāṅbhadhuvrahmaṇānmantavyārthamupapattipradarśanena madhubrāhmaṇena tu nididhyāsanavidhirucyata iti | sarvathāpi tu yathā'gamenāvadhāritaṃ tarkatastathaiva mantavyam | yathā tarkato matasya tarkāgamābhyāṃ niścitasya tathaiva nididhyāsanaṃ kriyata iti pṛthaṅnididhyāsanavidhiranarthaka eva | tasmātpṛthakprakaraṇavibhāgo 'narthaka ityasmadabhiprāyaḥ śravaṇamanananididhyāsanānāmiti | sarvathāpi tvadhyāyadvayasyārtho 'sminbrāhmaṇa upasaṃhriyate |

iyaṃ pṛthivī sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | asyai pṛthivyai sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asyāṃ pṛthivyāṃ tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yas cāyam adhyātmaṃ śārīras tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

FIFTH BRÂHMANA
1. This earth is the honey (madhu, the effect) of all beings, and all beings are the honey (madhu, the effect) of this earth. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this earth, and that bright immortal person incorporated in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

iyaṃ pṛthivī prasiddhā sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu sarveṣāṃ brahmādistambaparyantānāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇināṃ madhu kāryaṃ madhviva madhu yathaiko madhvapūpo 'nekairmadhukarairnirvartita evamiyaṃ pṛthivī sarvabhūtanirvartitā | tathā sarvāṇi bhūtāni pṛthivyai pṛthivyā asyā madhu kāryam | kiñca yaśvāyaṃ puruṣo 'syāṃ pṛthivyāṃ tejomayaśvinmātraprakāśamayo 'mṛtamayo 'maraṇadharmā puruṣo yaścāyamadhyātmaṃ śārīraḥ śarīre bhavaḥ pūrvavattejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣaḥ | sa ca liṅgābhimānī | sa ca sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāmupakārakaraṇatvena madhu | sarvāṇi ca bhūtānyasya madhu | caśabdasāmarthyāt | evametaccatuṣṭayaṃ tāvadekaṃ sarvabhūtakāryaṃ sarvāṇi ca bhūtānyasya kāryam ato 'syaikakāraṇapūrvakatā |
yasmādekasmātkāraṇādetajjātaṃ tadevaikaṃ paramārthato brahmetaratkāryaṃ vācā'rambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyamātramityeṣamadhuparyāyāṇāṃ sarveṣāmarthaḥ saṃkṣepataḥ |
ayameva sa yo 'yaṃ pratijñāta idaṃ sarvaṃ yadayamātmeti |
idamamṛtaṃ yanmaitreyyā amṛtatvasādhanamuktamātmavijñānamidaṃ tadamṛtam |
idaṃ brahma yadbrahmā te bravāṇi jñapayiṣyāmītyadhyāyādau prakṛtaṃ yadviṣayā ca vidyā brahmavidyetyucyata idaṃ sarvaṃ yasmādbrahmaṇo vijñānātsarvaṃ bhavati || 1 ||

imā āpaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | āsām apāṃ sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam āsv apsu tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ raitasas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

2. This water is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this water. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this water, and that bright, immortal person, existing as seed in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathā'paḥ |
adhyātmaṃ retasyapāṃ viśeṣato 'vasthānam || 2 ||

ayam agniḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | asyāgneḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asminn agnau tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ vāṅmayas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

3. This fire is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this fire. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this fire, and that bright, immortal person, existing as speech in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathāgniḥ vācyagnerviśeṣato 'vasthānam || 3 ||

ayaṃ vāyuḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | asya vāyoḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asmin vāyau tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ prāṇas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idaṃ amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

4. This air is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this air. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this air, and that bright, immortal person existing as breath in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathā vāyuḥ |
adhyātmaṃ prāṇo bhūtānāṃ śarīrārambhakatvenopakārānmadhutvaṃ tadantargatānāṃ tejomayādīnāṃ karaṇatvenopakārānmadhutvam |
tathā coktaṃ"tasyaiva vācaḥ pṛthivī śarīraṃ jyotīrūpamayamagniḥ"iti || 4 ||

ayam ādityaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | asyādityasya sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asminn āditye tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ cākṣuṣas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

5. This sun is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this sun. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this sun, and that bright, immortal person existing as the eye in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathā'dityo madhu |
cākṣuṣo 'dhyātmam || 5 ||

imā diśaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | āsāṃ diśāṃ sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam āsu dikṣu tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ śrautraḥ prātiśrutkas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

6. This space (disah, the quarters) is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this space. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this space, and that bright, immortal person existing as the ear in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathā diśo madhu |
diśāṃ yadyapi śrotramadhyātmaṃ śabdapratiśravaṇavelāyāṃ tu viśeṣataḥ saṃnihito bhavatītyadhyātmaṃ prātiśrutkaḥ pratiśrutkāyāṃ pratiśravaṇavelāyāṃ bhavaḥ prātiśrutkaḥ || 6 ||

ayaṃ candraḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhv | asya candrasya sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asmin candre tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ mānasas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmedam amṛtam | idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

7. This moon is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this moon. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this moon, and that bright, immortal person existing as mind in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathā candraḥ |
adhyātmaṃ mānasaḥ || 7 ||

iyaṃ vidyut sarveṣāṃ bhūtānaṃ madhu | asyai vidyutaḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asyāṃ vidyuti tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ taijasas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

8. This lightning is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this lightning. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this lightning, and that bright, immortal person existing as light in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathā vidyut |
tvaktejasi bhavastaijaso 'dhyātmam || 8 ||

ayaṃ stanayitnuḥ sarveṣāṃ bhutānāṃ madhu | asya stanayitnoḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asminstanayitnau tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ śābdaḥ sauvaras tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

9. This thunder is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this thunder. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this thunder, and that bright, immortal person existing as sound and voice in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathā stanayitnaḥ |
śabde bhavaḥ śābdo 'dhyātmaṃ yadyapi tathāpi svare viśeṣato bhavatīti sauvaro 'dhyātmam || 9 ||

ayam ākāśaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | asyākāśasya sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asminn ākāśe tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ hṛdy ākāśas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

10. This ether is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this ether. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this ether, and that bright, immortal person existing as heart-ether in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathā'kāśaḥ |
adhyātmaṃ hyadyākāśaḥ || 10 ||

ayaṃ dharmaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | asya dharmasya sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asmin dharme tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ dhārmas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

11. This law (dharmah) is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this law. Likewise this bright, immortal person in this law, and that bright, immortal person existing as law in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

ayaṃ dharmo 'yamityapratyakṣo 'pi dharmaḥ kāryeṇa tatprayuktena pratyakṣeṇa vyapadiśyate 'yaṃ dharma iti pratyakṣavat | dharmaśca vyākhyātaḥ śrutismṛtilakṣaṇaḥ kṣatrādīnāmapi niyantā jagato vaicitryakṛtpṛthivyādīnāṃ pariṇāmahetutvātprāṇibhiranuṣṭhīyamānarūpaśca | tena cāyaṃ dharma iti pratyakṣeṇa vyapadeśaḥ |
satyadharmayoścābhedena nirdeśaḥ kṛtaḥ śāsrācāralakṣaṇayoridda(? ) tu bhedena vyapadeśa ekatve satyapi |
dṛṣṭādṛṣṭabhedarūpeṇa kāryārambhakatvāt |
yastvadṛṣṭo 'pūrvākhyo dharmaḥ sa sāmānyaviśeṣātmanādṛṣṭena rūpeṇa kāryamārabhate sāmānyarūpeṇa pṛthivyādīnāṃ prayoktā bhavati viśeṣarūpeṇa cādhyātmaṃ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātasya |
tatra pṛthivyādīnāṃ prayoktari yaścāyamasmindharme tejomayastathādhyātmaṃ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātakartari dharme bhavo dhārmaḥ || 11 ||

idaṃ satyaṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | asya satyasya sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asmin satye tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ sātyas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

12. This true (satyam) is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this true. Likewise this bright, immortal person in what is true, and that bright, immortal person existing as the true in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

tathā dṛṣṭenānuṣṭhīyamānenā'cārarūpeṇa satyākhyo bhavati sa eva dharmaḥ so 'pi dviprakāra eva sāmānyaviśeṣātmarūpeṇa |
sāmānyarūpaḥ pṛthivyādisamaveto viśeṣarūpaḥ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātasamaveta |
tatra pṛthivyādisamavete vartamānakriyārūpe satye tathādhyātmaṃ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātasa mavete satye bhavaḥ satyaḥ |
satyena vāyurāvātīti śrutyantarāt || 12 ||

idaṃ mānuṣaṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | asya mānuṣasya sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asmin mānuṣe tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam adhyātmaṃ mānuṣas tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam ||

13. This mankind is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this mankind. Likewise this bright, immortal person in mankind, and that bright, immortal person existing as man in the body (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

dharmasatyābhyāṃ prayukto 'yaṃ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātaviśeṣaḥ sa yena jātiviśeṣeṣa saṃyukto bhavati |
sa jātiviśeṣo mānuṣādiḥ |
tatra mānuṣādijātiviśiṣṭā eva sarve prāṇinikāyāḥ parasparopakāryopakārakabhāvena vartamānā dṛśyante |
ato mānuṣādijātirapi sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu |
tatra mānuṣādijātirapi bāhyā'dhyātmikī cetyubhayathā nirdeśabhāgbhavati || 13 ||

ayam ātmā sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | asyātmanaḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni madhu | yaś cāyam asminn ātmani tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yaś cāyam ātmā tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yam eva sa yo 'yam ātmā | idam amṛtam idaṃ brahmedaṃ sarvam || //

14. This Self is the honey of all beings, and all beings are the honey of this Self Likewise this bright, immortal person in this Self, and that bright, immortal person, the Self (both are madhu). He indeed is the same as that Self, that Immortal, that Brahman, that All.

yastu kāryakaraṇasaṃghāto mānuṣādijātiviśiṣṭaḥ so 'yamātmā sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu | nanvayaṃ śārīraśabdena nirdiṣṭaḥ pṛthivīparyāya eva | na | pārthivāṃśasyaiva tatra grahaṇāt |
idaṃ tu sarvātmā pratyastamitādhyātmādhibhūtādisarvaviśeṣaḥ sarvabhūtadevatāgaṇaviśiṣṭaḥ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātaḥ so 'yamātmetyucyate |
tasminnasminnātmani tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo 'yamūrtarasaḥ sarvātmako nirdiśyate |
ekadeśena tu pṛthivyādiṣu nirdiṣṭo 'trādhyātmaviśeṣābhāvātsa na nirdiśyate |
yastu pariśiṣṭo vijñānamayo yadartho 'yaṃ dehaliṅgasaṃghāta ātmā sa yaścāyamātmetyucyate || 14 ||

sa vā ayam ātmā sarveṣāṃ adhipatiḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ rājā | tad yathā rathanābhau ca rathanemau cārāḥ sarve samarpitāḥ | evam evāsminn ātmani sarvāṇi bhūtāni sarve devāḥ sarve lokāḥ sarve prāṇāḥ sarva eta ātmānaḥ samarpitāḥ ||

15. And verily this Self is the lord of all beings, the king of all beings. And as all spokes are contained in the axle and in the felly of a wheel, all beings, and all those selfs (of the earth, water, &c.) are contained in that Self.

yasminnātmani pariśiṣṭo vijñānamayo 'mātmā | tasminnavidyākṛtakāryakaraṇasaṅghātopadhiviśiṣṭe brahmavidyāyā paramārthātmani praveśite, sa evamuttko 'nantaro 'bāhyaḥ kṛtastraḥ prajñānaghanabhūtaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāmayamātmā sarvairūpāsyaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāmadhipatiḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ svatantro na kumāramātyavat, kiṃ tarhi? sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ rājā | rājatvaviśeṣaṇamadhipatiriti;bhavati kaścidrājocitaṣṭattimāśritya rājā, na tvadhipatiḥ, ato viśinaṣṭyadhipatiriti | evaṃ sarvabhūtātmā vidvān brahmavinmuttko bhavati |
yaduttkam 'brahmavidyayā sarvaṃ bhaviṣyanto manuṣyā manyante kimu tadbrahmāvedyasmāttatsarvamabhavat'itīdaṃ tad vyākhyātam | evamātmānabheva sarvātmatvena ācāryagamābhyāṃ śrutvā, matvā tarkato vijñāya sākṣādevaṃ yathā madhubrāhmaṇe darśitaṃ tathā, tasmādbrahmavijñānādevaṃlakṣaṇāt pūrvamapibrahemaiva sadavidyayā abrahmāsīt, sarvabheva ca sadasarvamāsīt tāntvavidyāmasmādvijñanāttiraskṛtya brahmavidbrahmaiva san brahmābhavat sarvaḥ sa sarvamabhavat |
parisamāptaḥ śāstrārtho yadarthaḥ prastutaḥ | tasminnetasmin sarvātmabhūte brahmavidi sarvātmani sarvaṃ jagat samarpitamityetasminnarthe dṛṣṭānta upādīyate-tadyathā rathanābhau ca rathenemau cārāḥ sarve samarpitā iti prasidvor'thaḥ, evamevāsminnātmani paramātmabhūte brahmavidi sarvāṇi bhūtāni brahmādistambaryantāni, sarve devā agnyādayaḥ, sarve lokā
bhūrādayaḥ, sarve praṇā vāgādayaḥ, sarva eta ātmāno jalacandravat pratiśarīrānupraveśino 'vidyākalpitāḥ, sarvaṃ jagadasmin samarpitam |
yaduttkaṃ brahmavidvāmadevaḥ pratipede-'ahaṃ manurabhavaṃ sūryaśca'iti, sa eṣa sarvātmabhāvo vyākhyātaḥ | sa eṣa vidvān brahmavit sarvopādhiḥ sarvātmā sarvo bhavati | nirupādhirnirupākhyaḥ anantaro 'bāhyaḥ kṛtsnaḥ prajñānaghano 'jājaro 'mṛtobhayo 'calo neti netyasthūlo 'naṇurityevaṃviśeṣaṇo bhavati |
tametamarthamajānantastārkikāḥ kecit paṇḍitaṃmanyāścāgamavidaḥ śāstrārtha virudvaṃ manyamānā vikalpayanto mohamagādhamupayānti | tametamarthametau manetrāvanuvadataḥ--"anejadekaṃ manaso javīyaḥ" "tadejati tannaijati"iti | tathā ca taittirīyake--"yasmātparaṃ nāpāramasti kiñcat""etatsāma gāyannāste" "ahamannamahamannamahamannam"ityādi | tathā ca cchāndogye"jakṣat krīḍanramamāṇaḥ" "sayadi pitṛlokakāmaḥ" "sarvagandhaḥ sarvarasaḥ"ityādi | āyarvaṇe ca"sarvajñaḥ sarvavit""dūrāta sudūre tadihāntike ca | "kaṭhavallīṣvapi"aṇoraṇīyān mahato mahīyān" "kastaṃ madāmadaṃ devam" "tadvāvato 'nyānatyeti tiṣṭhat"iti ca | tathā gītāsu"ahaṃ kraturahaṃ yajñaḥ" "pitāhamasya jagataḥ" "nādatte kasyacit pāpam" "samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu" "avimattkaṃ vibhattkepu" "grasiṣṇu prabhaviṣṇu ca"ityevamādyāgamārtha virudvamiva
pratibhāntaṃ manyamānāḥ svacittasāmarthyādarthanirṇayāya vikalpayantaḥ, astyātmā nāstyātmā kartākartā muttko badvaḥ kṣaṇiko vijñānamātraṃ śūnyaṃ cetyevaṃ vikalpayanto na pāramadhigacchantyavidyāyāḥ, virudvarrmadarśitvāt sarvatra |
tasmāttatra ya eva śrutyācāryadarśitamārgānusāriṇaḥ, ta evāvidyāyāḥ pāramadhigacchanti |
ta eva vāsmānmohasamudrādagādhāduttariṣyanti, netare svavudvikauśalānusāriṇaḥ ||15 ||
parisamāptā brahmavidyāmṛtatvasādhanābhūtā, yāṃ maitreyī pṛṣṭavatī bhartāram 'yadeva bhagavānamṛtatvasādhanaṃ veda tadeva me brūhi'iti | etasyā brahmavidyāyāḥ stutyartheyamākhyāyikāyāḥ saṅkṣepator'thaprakāśanārthāvetau mantrau bhavataḥ | evaṃ hi mantrabrāhmaṇābhyāṃ stutatvāt amṛtatvasarvaprāptisādhanatvaṃ brahmavidyāyāḥ prakaṭīkṛtaṃ rājamārga mupanītaṃ bhavati--yathāditya udyañchalārvaraṃ tamo 'panayatīti tadvat |
api caivaṃ stutā brahmavidyāyā indrarakṣitā sā duṣprāpyā devairapi;.smādaścibhyāmapidevabhipagbhyāmindrarakṣitā vidyā mahatāyāsena prāptā | brāhmaṇasya śiraśchittvāśvayaṃ śiraḥ pratisandhāya tasminnindreṇacchinne punaḥ svaśira eva pratisandhāya tena brāhmaṇasya svaśirasaivottkāśeṣā brahmavidyā śrutā | tasmāttataḥ parataraṃ kiñcit puruṣārthasādhanaṃ na bhūtaṃ na bhāvi vā, kuta eva vartamānam, iti nātaḥ parāstutirasti |
api caivaṃ stūyate brahmavidyāsarvapuruṣārthānāṃ karma hi sādhanamiti loke prasidvam | tacca karma vittasādhyam,
tenāśāpināstyamṛtatvasya | tadidamamṛtatvaṃ kevalayātmavidyayā karmanirapekṣayā prāpyate;yasmāt karmaprakaraṇe vaktuṃ prāptapi kevalaprakaraṇe, karmaprakaraṇāduttīrta karmaṇā virudvatvāt kevalasaṃnyāsasahitā abhihitā amṛtatvasādhanāya | tasmānnātaḥ paraṃ puruṣārthasādhanamasti |
api caivaṃ stutā brahmavidyā sarvo hi loko dvandvārāmaḥ"sa vai naiva reme tasmādekākī na ramate"iti śruteḥ | yājñavalkyo lokasādhāraṇo 'pi sannātmajñānabaladbhāryāputravittādisaṃsāraratiṃ parityajya prajñānatṛpta ātmaratirbabhūva |
api caivaṃ stutā brahmavidyā yasmādyājñavalkyenasaṃsāramārgad vyuttiṣṭhatāpi priyāyai bhāryāyai protyarthameṃvāmihitā,"priyaṃ bhāpasa ehyāḥsva"iti liṅgāt |
tatreyaṃ stutyarthākhyāyiketyavocāma | kā punaḥ sā ākhyāyikā? ityucyate---

idaṃ vai tan madhu dadhyaṅṅ ātharvaṇo 'śvibhyām uvāca | tad etad ṛṣiḥ paśyann avocat -- tad vāṃ narā sanaye daṃsa ugram āviṣ kṛṇomi tanyatur na vṛṣṭim | dadhyaṅ ha yan madhv ātharvaṇo vām aśvasya śīrṣṇā pra yad īm uvāceti ||

16. Verily Dadhyak Âtharvana proclaimed this honey (the madhu-vidyâ) to the two Asvins, and a Rishi, seeing this, said (Rv. I, 116, 12): 'O ye two heroes (Asvins), I make manifest that fearful deed of yours (which you performed) for the sake of gain, like as thunder makes manifest the rain. The honey (madhu-vidyâ) which Dadhyak Âtharvana proclaimed to you through the head of a horse,' . . .

idamityanantaranirdiṣṭaṃ vyapadiśati, budvau sannihitatvāt | vaiśabdaḥ smaraṇārthaḥ |
tadityākhyāyikānirvṛttaṃprakaraṇāntarābhihitaṃ parokṣaṃ vaiśabdena smārayanniha vyapadiśati | yattat pravargyaprakaraṇe mūcitam, nāviṣkṛtaṃ madhu, tadidaṃ madhvihānantaraṃ nirdiṣṭam-'iyaṃ pṛthivī'ityādinā |
kathaṃ tatra prakaraṇānte sūcitam-dadhyaṅ ha vā ābhyāmātharvaṇo madhu nāma brāhmaṇamuvāca | tadenayoḥ priyaṃ dhāma tadevainayoretenopagacchati | sa hovācendreṇa vā uttko 'smayetaccedanyasmā anuvrūyāstata eva te śiraśchindyāmiti | tasmādvai bibhemi, yadvai me sa śiro na chindyāt tadvāmupaneṣya iti | tau hocaturāvāṃ tvā tasmāt trāsyāvahe iti kathaṃ mā trāsyethe? iti | yadā nāvupaneṣyase;atha te śiraśchittvā anyatrāhratyopanidhāsyāvaḥ;athāśvasya śira āhratya tatte pratidhāsyāvaḥ;tena nāvanuvakṣyasi | yadā nāvanuvakṣyasi, atha te tadindraḥ śiraśchetsyati;atha te svaṃ śira āhratya tatte pratidhāsyāva iti |
tatheti tau hopaninye | tau yadopaninye, athāsya śiracchittvānyatropanidadhutuḥ;athāśvasya śira āhratya tadvāsya pratidadhatuḥ | tena hābhyāmanuvāca | sa yadā ābhyāmanuvācāthāsya tadindraḥ śiraściccheda | athāsya svaṃ śira āhratya tadvāsya pratidadhaturiti |
yāvattu pravargyakarmāṅgabhūtaṃ madhu tāvadeva tatrābhihitam, na tu kakṣyamātmājñānākhyam | tatra yā ākhyāyikābhihitā seha stutyarthā pradarśyate | idaṃ vai tanmadhu dadhyaṅṅātharvaṇo 'nena prapañcenāśvibhyāmuvāca | tadetadṛpiḥ-tadetat karma, śṛpirmantraḥ, paśyannupalabhamānaḥ, avocat-uttkavān | katham? taddaṃsa iti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ | daṃsa iti karmaṇo nāmadheyam | tacca daṃsaḥ kiviśiṣṭam? ugraṃ krūram | vāṃ yuvayoḥ | he narā narākārāvaśvinau | tacca karma kinnimitam? sanaye lābhāya !lāmalubdho hi loke 'pi krūraṃ karmācarati, tathaivaitāvupalabhyete yathā soke |
tadāviḥ prakāśaṃ kṛṇomi karomi yadrahasi bhavadbhayāṃ kṛtam, kimiva? ityucyate--tanyatuḥ parjanyaḥ, na iva | nakārastūpariṣṭādupacāra upamārthīyo vede, na pratipedhārthaḥ;yathāśvaṃ na | aśvamiveti yadvat | tanyaturiva vṛrṣṭi yathā parjanyo vṛrṣṭi prakāśayati stanayitnvādiśabdaiḥ, tadvadahaṃ yuvayoḥ krūraṃ karma āviṣkṛṇomīti sambandhaḥ | nanvaśvinoḥ stutyarthau kathamimau mantrau syātāṃ nindāvacanau hīmau |
naipa doṣaḥ;stutirevaiṣā, na nindāvacanau | yasmādīdṛśamapyatikrūraṃ karma kurvatoryuvayorna loma ca mīyata iti | na cānyatkiñcidvīyata eveti | stutāvetau bhavataḥ | nindāṃ praśaṃsāṃ hi laukikāḥ smaranti | tathā praśaṃsārūpā ca nindā loke prasidvā |
dadhyaṅnāma ātharvaṇaḥ |
hetyanarthako nipātaḥ |
yanmadhukakṣyamātmajñānalakṣaṇamāthavaṇo vāṃ yukābhyāmaśvasya śīrṣṇā śirasā prayat īm uvāca yat provāca madhu |
īmityanarthako nipātaḥ || 16 ||

idaṃ vai tan madhu dadhyaṅṅ ātharvaṇo 'śvibhyām uvāca | tad etad ṛṣiḥ paśyann avocat -- ātharvaṇāyāśvinau dadhīce 'śvyaṃ śiraḥ praty airayatam | sa vāṃ madhu pra vocad ṛtāyan tvāṣṭraṃ yad dasrāv apikakṣyaṃ vām iti ||

17. Verily Dadhyak Âtharvana proclaimed this honey to the two Asvins, and a Rishi, seeing this, said (Rv. I, 117, 22): 'O Asvins, you fixed a horse's head on Âtharvana Dadhyak, and he, wishing to be true (to his promise), proclaimed to you the honey, both that of Tvashtri and that which is to be your secret, O ye strong ones.

idaṃ vai tanmadhvityādi pūrvavanmantrāntaradarśanārtham | tathānyo mantrastāmeva ākhyāyikāmanusaratisma | ātharvaṇo dadhyaṅnāma, ātharvaṇo 'nyo vidyata ityato viśinaṣṭi dadhyaṅnāmātharvaṇaḥ |
tasmai dadhīca ātharvaṇāya he 'śvināviti mantradṛśo vacanam, aśvyama śvasya svabhūtaṃ śiraḥ, brāhmaṇasya śirasicchinne 'śvasya śiraśchittvedṛśamatikrūraṃ karma kṛtvā aśvayaṃ śiro brāhmaṇaṃ prati erayataṃ gamitavantau yuvām | sa cātharvaṇo vāṃ yuvābhyāṃ tanmadhu pravocad yat pūrvaṃ pratijñātaṃ vakṣyāmīti |
sa kimarthamevaṃ jīvitasandehamāruhya pravocat? ityucyate | śṛtāyan yata pūrvaṃ pratijñātaṃ satyaṃ tat paripālayitumicchan | jīvitādapi hi satyadharmaparipālanā gurutaretyesya liṅgametat |
ki tanmadhu pravocat? ityucyate-tvāṣṭram, tvaṣṭā ādityastasya sambandhi, yajñasya śiraśchinnaṃ tvaṣṭābhavat,
tatpratisandhānārtha pravargya karma | tatra pravargyakarmāṅgabhūtaṃ yad vijñānaṃ tattvāṣṭraṃ madhu-yajñasya śiraśchedanapratisandhānādiviṣayaṃ darśanaṃ tattvāṣṭraṃ yanmadhu he dastro, dastrāviti parabalānāmupakṣapayitārau śatrūṇāṃ vā
hiṃsitārau, api ca na kevalaṃ tvāṣṭrameva madhu karmasambandhiyuvābhyāmavocat, api ca kakṣyaṃ gopyaṃ rahasyaṃ paramātmasambandhi yad vijñānaṃ madhu madhubrāhmaṇenottkamadhyāyadvayaprakāśitam, tacca vāṃ yuvābhyāṃ pravocadityanuvartate || 17 ||

idaṃ vai tan madhu dadhyaṅṅ ātharvaṇo 'śvibhyām uvāca | tad etad ṛṣiḥ paśyann avocat -- puraś cakre dvipadaḥ puraś cakre catuṣpadaḥ | puraḥ sa pakṣī bhutvā puraḥ puruṣa āviśad iti | sa vā ayaṃ puruṣaḥ sarvāsu pūrṣu puriśayaḥ | nainena kiṃ canānāvṛtam | nainena kiṃ canāsaṃvṛtam ||

18. Verily Dadhyak Âtharvana proclaimed this honey to the two Asvins, and a Rishi, seeing this, said: 'He (the Lord) made bodies with two feet, he made bodies with four feet. Having first become a bird, he entered the bodies as purusha (as the person).' This very purusha is in all bodies the purisaya, i.e. he who lies in the body (and is therefore called purusha). There is nothing that is not covered by him, nothing that is not filled by him.

idaṃ vai tanmadhviti pūrvavat | uttkau dvau mantrau pravargyasambandhyākhyāyikopasaṃhartārau | dvayoḥ pravargyakarmārthayoradhyāyayorartha ākhyāyikābhūtābhyāṃ mantrābhyāṃ prakāśitaḥ | brahmavidyārthayostvadhyāyayorarthauttarābhyāmṛgbhyāṃ prakāśayitavyaḥ, ityataḥ pravartate | yat kakṣyaṃ ca madhuttkavānātharvaṇo yuvābhyāmityuttkam | kiṃ punasdanmadhu? ityucyate-
puraścakre puraḥ purāṇi śarīrāṇi yata iyamacyākṛtavyākaraṇaprakriyā sa parameśvaro nāmarūpe avyākrate vyākurvāṇaḥ prathamaṃ bhūrādīṃ llokān sṛṣṭvā cakre kṛtavāna dvipado dvipādapalakṣitāni manuṣyaśarīrāṇi pakṣiśarīrāṇi | tavā puraḥ śarīrāṇi cakre catuṣpadaścatuṣpādupalakṣitāni paśuśarīrāṇi |
puraḥ purastān sa īśvaraḥ pakṣī liṅgaśarīraṃ bhūtvā puraḥ śarīrāṇipuruṣa āviśadityasyārthamācaṣṭe śrutiḥ-sa vā ayaṃ puruṣaḥ sarvāsuyūrṣu sarvaśarīreṣu puriśayaḥ, puriśeta iti puriśayaḥ san puruṣa ityucyate |
nainenānena kiñacana kiñcidapyanāvṛtamanācchaditam |
tathā nainena kiñcanāsaṃvṛtamantarananupraveśitaṃ bāhyabhūtenāntarbhūtena ca na anāvṛtam |
evaṃ sa eva nāmakhyātmanā antarvahirbhāvena kāryakaraṇarūpeṇa vyavasthitaḥ |
puraścakre ityādimantraḥ saṅkṣepata ātmaikatvamācaṣṭaityarthaḥ || 18 ||

idaṃ vai tan madhu dadhyaṅṅ ātharvaṇo 'śvibhyām uvāca | tad etad ṛṣiḥ paśyann avocat -- rūpaṃrūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva tad asya rūpaṃ praticakṣaṇāya | indro māyābhiḥ pururūpa īyate yuktā hy asya harayaḥ śatā daśeti | ayaṃ vai harayo 'yaṃ vai daśa ca sahasraṇi bahūni cānantāni ca | tad etad brahmāpūrvam anaparam anantaram abāhyam | ayam ātmā brahma sarvānubhūḥ | ity anuśāsanam ||

19. Verily Dadhyak Âtharvana proclaimed this honey to the two Asvins, and a Rishi, seeing this, said (Rv. VI, 47, 18): 'He (the Lord) became like unto every form, and this is meant to reveal the (true) form of him (the Âtman). Indra (the Lord) appears multiform through the Mâyâs (appearances), for his horses (senses) are yoked, hundreds and ten.' This (Âtman) is the horses, this (Âtman) is the ten, and the thousands, many and endless. This is the Brahman, without cause and without effect, without anything inside or outside; this Self is Brahman, omnipresent and omniscient. This is the teaching (of the Upanishads).

idaṃ vai tanmadhvityādi pūrvavat | rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo rūpāntaraṃ babhūvetyarthaḥ | pratirūpo 'nurūpo vā yādṛksaṃmathānau mātāpitarau tatsaṃsthānastadanurūpa eva putro jāyate | na hi catuṣpado dvipājjāyate dvipado vā catuṣpāt | sa eva hi parameśvaro nāmarūpe vyākurvāṇo rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva |
kimartha punaḥ pratirūpamāgamanaṃ tasya? ityucyate--tadasyātmano rūpaṃ praticakṣaṇāya pratikhyāpanāya | yadi hi nāmarūpe na vyākriyete, tadā asyātmano nirūpādhikaṃ rūpaṃ prajñānaghanākhyaṃ na pratikhyāyeta | yadā punaḥ kāryakaraṇātmanā nāmarūpe vyāka-te bhavataḥ, tadāsya rūpaṃ pratikhyāyeta |
indraḥ parameśvaro māyābhiḥ prajñābhiḥ nāmarūpabhūtakṛtamithyābhimānairvā, na tu paramārthataḥ; pururūpo bahurūpa īyate gabhyate, ekarūpa eva prajñānaghanaḥ sannavidyāprajñābhiḥ | kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt? yuttkā ratha iva vājinaḥ svavipayaprakāśanāya, hi yasmāndasya harayo haraṇādindriyāṇi, śatā śatāni, daśa ca prāṇibhedabāhulyācchatāna daśa ca bhavanti | tasmādindriyavipayabāhulyāttatprakāśanāyeva ca yuttkāna tāni na ātmaprakāśanāya | "parāñci khāni vyatṛṇat svayambhūḥ"iti hi kāṭhake | tasmātaireva vipayasvarūpairīyate na prajñānaghanaikarasena svarūpeṇa |
evaṃ tahi ayamanyaḥ parameśvaro 'nye haraya ityevaṃ prāpte ucyate-ayaṃ vai harayo 'yaṃ vai daśa ca sahasrāṇi bahūni cānantāni ca prāṇibhedasyānantyāt | kiṃ bahunā, tadetadbrahma ya ātmā | apūrvaṃ nāsya kāraṇaṃ pūrva vidyata ityapūrvam | nāsyāparaṃ kāryaṃ vidyata ityanaparam | nāsya jātyantaramantarāle vidyata ityanaltaram | tathā bahirasya na vidyata ityavāhyam | kiṃ punastannirantaraṃ brahma? ayamātmanā | ko 'sau? yaḥ pratyagātmā draṣṭā śrotā mantā bodvā vijñātā sarvānubhūḥ, sarvātmanā sarvamanubhavatīti sarvamanubhūḥ |
ityetadanuśāsanaṃ sarvavedāntopadeśaḥ |
eṣa sarvavedāntānāmupasaṃhrator'thaḥ |
etadamṛtamabhayam |
parisamāptaśca śāstrārthaḥ ||19 ||
|| iti pañcamaṃ brāhmaṇam ||

atha vaṃśaḥ: pautimāṣyo gaupavanāt | gaupavanaḥ paśutimāṣyāt | paśutimāṣyo gaupavanāt | gaupavanaḥ kauśikāt | kauśikaḥ kauṇḍinyāt | kauṇḍinyaḥ śāṇḍilyāt | śāṇḍilyaḥ kauśikāc ca gautamāc ca | gautamaḥ ||

SIXTH BRÂHMANA
1. Now follows the stem: 1. Pautimâshya from Gaupavana, 2. Gaupavana from Pautimâshya, 3. Pautimâshya from Gaupavana, 4. Gaupavana from Kausika, 5. Kausika from Kaundinya, 6. Kaundinya from Sândilya, 7. Sândilya from Kausika and Gautama, 8. Gautama

āgniveśyāt | āgniveśyaḥ śāṇḍilyāc cānabhimlātāc ca | ānabhimlāta ānabhimlātāt | ānabhimlāta ānabhimlātāt | ānabhimlāto gautamāt | gautamaḥ saitavaprācīnayogyābhyām | saitavaprācīnayogyau pārāśaryāt | pārāśaryo bhāradvājāt | bhāradvājo bhāradvājāc ca gautamāc ca | gautamo bhāradvājāt | bhāradvājaḥ pārāśaryāt | pārāśaryo vaijavāpāyanāt | vaijavāpāyanaḥ kauśikāyaneḥ | kauśikāyaniḥ ||

2. from Âgnivesya, 9. Âgnivesya from Sândilya and Ânabhimlâta, 10. Sândilya and Ânabhimlâta from Ânabhimlâta, 11. Ânabhimlâta from Ânabhimlâta, 12. Ânabhimlâta from Gautama, 13. Gautama from Saitava and Prâkînayogya, 14. Saitava and Prâkînayogya from Pârasarya, 15. Pârasarya from Bhâradvâga, 16. Bhâradvâga from Bhâradvâga and Gautama, 17. Gautama from Bharadvâga, 18. Bharadvâga from Pârâsarya, 19. Pârâsarya from Vaigavâpâyana, 20. Vaigavâpâyana from Kausikâyani, 21. Kausikâyani

ghṛtakauśikāt | ghṛtakauśikaḥ prāśaryāyaṇāt | pāraśaryāyaṇaḥ pārāśaryāt | pārāśaryo jātūkarṇyāt | jātūkarṇya āsurāyaṇāc ca yāskāc ca | āsurāyaṇas traivaṇeḥ | traivaṇir aupajandhaneḥ | aupajandhanir āsureḥ | āsurir bhāradvājāt | bhāradvāja ātreyāt | ātreyo māṇṭeḥ | māṇṭir gautamāt | gautamo vātsyāt | vātsyaḥ śāṇḍilyāt | śāṇḍilyaḥ kaiśoryāt kāpyāt | kaiśoryaḥ kāpyaḥ kumārahāritāt | kumārahārito gālavāt | gālavo vidarbhīkauṇḍinyāt | vidarbhīkauṇḍinyo vatsanapāto bābhravāt | vatsanapād bābhravaḥ pathaḥ saubharāt | panthāḥ saubharo 'yāsyād āṅgirasāt | ayāsya āṅgirasa ābhūtes tvāṣṭrāt | ābhūtis tvāṣṭro viśvarūpāt tvāṣṭrāt | viśvarūpas tvāṣṭro 'vśibhyām | aśvinau dadhīca ātharvaṇāt | dadhyaṅṅ ātharvaṇo 'tharvaṇo daivāt | atharvā daivo mṛtyoḥ prādhvaṃsanāt | mṛtyuḥ prādhvaṃsanaḥ pradhvaṃsanāt | pradhvaṃsana ekarṣeḥ | ekarṣir vipracitteḥ | vipracittir vyaṣṭer | vyaṣṭiḥ sanāroḥ | sanāruḥ sanātanāt | sanātanaḥ sanagāt | sanagaḥ parameṣṭhinaḥ | parameṣṭhī brahmaṇaḥ | brahma svayaṃbhu | brahmaṇe namaḥ ||

3. from Ghritakausika, 22. Ghritakausika from Pârâsaryâyana, 23. Pârâsaryâyana from Pârâsarya, 24. Pârâsarya from Gâtûkarnya, 25. Gâtûkarnya from Âsurâyana and Yâska, 26. Âsurâyana and Yâska from Traivani, 27. Traivani from Aupagandhani, 28. Aupagandhani from Âsuri, 29. Âsuri from Bhâradvâga, 30. Bhâradvâga from Âtreya, 31. Âtreya from Mânti, 32. Mânti from Gautama, 33, Gautama from Gautama, 34. Gautama from Vâtsya, 35. Vâtsya from Sândilya, 36. Sândilya from Kaisorya Kâpya, 37. Kaisorya Kâpya from Kumârahârita, 38. Kumârahârita from Gâlava, 39. Gâlava from Vidarbhî-kaundinya, 40. Vidarbhî-kaundinya from Vatsanapât Bâbhrava, 41. Vatsanapât Bâbhrava from Pathi Saubhara, 42. Pathi Saubhara from Ayâsya Âṅgirasa, 43. Ayâsya Âṅgirasa from Âbhûti Tvâshtra, 44. Âbhûti Tvâshtra from Visvarûpa Tvâshtra, 45. Visvarûpa Tvâshtra from Asvinau, 46. Asvinau from Dadhyak Âtharvana, 47. Dadhyak Âtharvana from Atharvan Daiva, 48. Atharvan Daiva from Mrityu Prâdhvamsana, 49. Mrityu Prâdhvamsana from Prâdhvamsana, 50. Prâdhvamsana from Ekarshi, 51. Ekarshi from Viprakitti, 52. Viprakitti from Vyashti, 53. Vyashti from Sanâru, 54. Sanâru from Sanâtana, 55. Sanâtana from Sanaga, 56. Sanaga from Parameshthin, 57. Parameshthin from Brahman, 58. Brahman is Svayambhu, self-existent. Adoration to Brahman.

ayedānīṃ brahmavidyārthasya madhukāṇḍasya vaṃśaḥ stutyartho brahmavidyāyāḥ | mantraścāyaṃ svādhyāyārtho japārthaśca | tatra vaṃśa iva vaṃśaḥ yathā veṇurvaṃśaḥ parvaṇaḥ parvaṇo hi bhidyate tadvadagratprabhṛti āmūlaprāpterayaṃ vaṃśaḥ | adhyāyacatuṣṭayasya ācāryaparamparākramo vaṃśa ityucyate |
tatra prathamāntaḥ śiṣyaḥ pañcamayantaḥ ācāryaḥ |
parameṣṭhī virāṭ, brāhmaṇo hiraṇyagarbhāt |
tataḥ paramācāryaparamparānāsti |
yatpunarbrahma tannityaṃ svayambhū, tasmai brahmaṇai svayambhuve namaḥ ||1-3||
iti ṣaṣṭhaṃ brāhmaṇam ||
ADHYĀYA 3
janako ha vaideha ityādi yājñavalkoyaṃ kāṇḍamārabhyate | upapattipradhānatvādatikrāntena madhukāṇḍena samānārthatve 'pi sati na punaruktatā | madhukāṇḍaṃ hyāgemapradhānam | āgamopapattī hyātmaikatvaprakāśanāya pravṛtte śaknutaḥ karatalagatabilvamiva darśayitum | śrotavyo mantavya iti hyuktam | tasmādāgamārthasyaiva parīkṣāpūrvakaṃ nirdhāraṇāya yājñavalkīyaṃ kāṇḍamupapattipradhānamārabhyate | ākhyāyikā tu vijñānastutyarthopāyavidhiparā vā | prasiddho hyupāyo vidvadbhiḥ śāstreṣu ca dṛṣṭo dānam | dānena hṛyupanamante prāṇinaḥ | prabhūtaṃ hiraṇyaṃ gosahasradānaṃ cehopalabhyate | tasmādanyapareṇāpi śāstreṇa vidyāprāptyupāyadānapradarśanārthā'khyāyikā'rabdhā | api ca tadvidyasaṃyogastaiśva saha vādakaraṇaṃ vidyāprāptyupāyo nyāyavidyāyāṃ dṛṣṭaḥ | taccāsminnadyāye prābalyena pradarśyate | pratyakṣā ca vidvatsaṃyoge prajñāvṛddhiḥ | tasmādvidyāprāptyupāyapradarśanārthaivākhyāyikā |

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