Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣat

Complete text

dṛptabālākir hānūcāno gārgya āsa | sa hovācājātaśatruṃ kāśyaṃ -- brahma te bravāṇīti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- sahasram etasyāṃ vāci dadmaḥ, janako janaka iti vai janā dhāvantīti ||

FIRST BRÂHMANA
1. There was formerly the proud Gârgya Bâlâki, a man of great reading. He said to Agâtasatru of Kâsi, 'Shall I tell you Brahman?' Agâtasatru said: 'We give a thousand (cows) for that speech (of yours), for verily all people run away, saying, Ganaka (the king of Mithilâ) is our father (patron).'

tatra pūrvapakṣavādī avidyāviṣayabrahmavid dṛptabālākiḥ dṛpate garvito 'sabhyagbrahmavittavādev balākāyā apatyaṃ bālākirdṛptaścāsau bālākiśceti dṛptabālārkiḥ, haśabda etihyārtha ākhyāyikāyām, anūcānaḥ anuvacasamartho vattkāvāggamī;gārgyo gonnataḥ, āsa babhūva kvacitkālaviśeṣe |
sa hovācājātaśatrumajātaśatrunāmānaṃ kāśyaṃ kāśirājamabhigamya-brahma te bravāṇīti brahma te tubhyaṃ bravāṇi kathayāni | sa evamukto 'jātaśatruruvāca-sahasraṃ gavāṃ dadbha etasyāṃ vāci- yāṃ māṃ pratyavoco brahma te bravāṇīti, tāvanmātrameva gosahasrapradāne nimittamityabhiprāyaḥ |
sākṣādbrahmakathanameva nimittaṃ kasmānnāpekṣyate sahasradāne? brahma te bravāṇītīyameva tu vāg nimittamapekṣyate? ityucyate;yataḥ śrutireva rājño 'bhiprāyamāha-janako dātā janakaḥ śroteti caitasminvākyadvaye padadvayamabhyasyate janako janaka iti |
vaiśabdaḥ prasiddhāvadyotanārthaḥ;janako ditsurjanakaḥ śuśrūṣuriti brahma śuśrūṣavo vivakṣavaḥ pa3tijighṛkṣavaśca janādhāvantyabhigacchanti |
tasmāttatsarvaṃ mayyapi sambhāvitavānasīti || 1 ||
evaṃ rājānaṃ śuśrūṣumabhimukhībhūtam-

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāsāv āditye puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatrur -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | atiṣṭhāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ mūrdhā rājeti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste 'tiṣṭhāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ mūrdhā rājā bhavati ||

2. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the sun, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the supreme, the head of all beings, the king. Whoso adores him thus, becomes Supreme, the head of all beings, a king.'

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ-ya eva asau āditye cakṣuṣi caiko 'bhimānī cakṣurdvāreṇeha hṛdi praviṣṭaḥ 'ahaṃ bhoktā kartā ca'ityavasthitaḥ, etamevāhaṃ brahma paśyāmi, asminkāryakaraṇasaṅghāte upāse | tasmāttamahaṃ puruṣaṃ brahma tubhyaṃ bravībhyupāḥsveti |
sa evamuktaḥ pratyuvāca ajātaśatruḥ 'mā mā'iti hastena vinivārayan-etasminbrahmaṇi vijñeye mā saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ;mā metyābādhanārthaṃ dvirvacanam | evaṃ samāne vijñānaviṣaye āvayorasmānavijñānavata iva darśayatā bādhitāḥ syāma, ato mā saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ-mā saṃvādaṃ kārṣīrasminbrahmaṇi | anyaccejjānāsi, tadbrahma vaktumarhasi, na tu yanmayā jñāyata eva |
atha cenmanyase-jānīṣe tvaṃ brahmamātraṃ na tu tadviśeṣaṇopāsanaphalānīti-tanna mantavyam, yataḥ sarvametadahaṃ jāne yadbravīṣi |
katham? atiṣṭhāḥ-atītya bhūtāni tiṣṭhātītyatiṣṭhāḥ |
sarveṣāṃ ca bhūtānāṃ mūrdhā śiro rājeti vai-rājā dīptigumopetatvāt, etairviśeṣaṇairviśiṣṭametadbrahma asminkāryakaraṇasaṅghāte kartṛ bhoktṛ cetyahametamupāsa iti |
phalamapyevaṃ viśiṣṭopāsakasya-sa ya etamevamupāste 'tiṣṭhāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ mūrdhā rājā bhavati |
yathāguṇopāsanameva hi phalam;"taṃ yathā yathopāsate tadeva bhavati"iti śruteḥ || 2 ||
saṃvādenādityabrahmaṇi pratyākhyāte 'jātaśatruṇā candramasi brahmāntaraṃ pratipede gārgyaḥ |

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāsau candre puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | bṛhan pāṇdaravāsāḥ somo rājeti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste 'har-ahar sutaḥ prasuto bhavati | nāsyānnaṃ kṣīyate ||

3. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the moon (and in the mind), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the great, clad in white raiment, as Soma, the king.' Whoso adores him thus, Soma is poured out and poured forth for him day by day, and his food does not fail.

ya evāsau candre manasi caikaḥ puruṣo bhoktā kartā ceti pūrvavadviśeṣaṇam |
bṛhan mahān pāṇḍaraṃ śuklaṃ vāso yasya so 'yaṃ pāṇḍaravāsāḥ, apśarīratvāccandrābhimāninaḥ prāṇasya, somo rājā candraḥ, yaścānnabhūto 'bhiṣūyate latātmako yajñe, tamekīkṛtyaitamevāhaṃ brahmopāse |
yathoktaguṇaṃ ya upāste tasyāharahaḥ sutaḥ somo 'bhiṣuto bhavati yajñe, prasutaḥ prakṛṣṭaṃ sutarāṃ suto bhavati vikāre, ubhayavidhayajñānuṣṭhānasāmarthyaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ |
annaṃ cāsya na kṣīyate 'nnātmakopāsakasya || 3 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāsau vidyuti puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | tejasvīti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste tejasvī ha bhavati | tejasvinī hāsya prajā bhavati ||

4. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the lightning (and in the heart), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the luminous.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes luminous, and his offspring becomes luminous.

tathā vidyuti tvaci hṛdaye caikā devatā |
tejasvīti viśeṣaṇam, tasyāstatphalam-tejasvī ha bhavati tejasvinī hāsya prajā bhavati |
vidyutāṃ bahutvasyāṅgīkaraṇādātmani prajāyāṃ ca phalabāhulyam || 4 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam ākāśe puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | pūrṇam apravartīti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste pūryate prajayā paśubhir nāsyāsmāl lokāt prajodvartate ||

5. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the ether (and in the ether of the heart), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him as what is full, and quiescent.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes filled with offspring and cattle, and his offspring does not cease from this world.

tathā ākāśe hṛdyākāśe hṛdaye caikā devatā | pūrṇamapravarti ceti viśeṣaṇadvayam | pūrṇatvaviśeṣaṇaphalamidam-pūryate prajayā paśubhiḥ;apravartiviśeṣaṇaphalam-nāsyāsmāllokātprajodvartata iti,
prajāsantānāvicchittiḥ || 5 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyaṃ vāyau puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | indro vaikuṇṭho 'parājitā seneti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste jiṣṇur hāparājiṣṇur bhavaty anyatastyajāyī ||

6. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the wind (and in the breath), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him as Indra Vaikuntha, as the unconquerable army (of the Maruts).' Whoso adores him thus, becomes victorious, unconquerable, conquering his enemies.

tathā vāyau prāṇe hṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā viśeṣaṇam-indraḥ parameśvaraḥ, vaikuṇṭho 'prasahyaḥ, na parairjitapūrvā parājitā senā-marutāṃ gaṇatvaprasiddheḥ |
upāsanaphalamapi-jiṣṇurha jayanaśīlo 'parājiṣṇurna ca parairjitasvabhāvo bhavati, anyatastyajāyī anyatastyānāṃ sapatnānāṃ jayanaśīlo bhavati || 6 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam agnau puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | viṣāsahir iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste viṣāsahir ha bhavati | viṣāsahir hāsya prajā bhavati ||

7. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the fire (and in the heart), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him as powerful.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes powerful, and his offspring becomes powerful.

agnau vācihṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā viśeṣaṇam-viṣāsahirmarṣayitā pareṣām |
agnibāhulyāt phalabāhulyaṃ pūrvavat || 7 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam apsu puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | pratirūpa iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste pratirūpaṃ haivainam upagacchati nāpratirūpam | atho pratirupo 'smāj jāyate ||

8. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the water (in seed, and in the heart), that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him as likeness.' Whoso adores him thus, to him comes what is likely (or proper), not what is improper; what is born from him, is like unto him.

apsu retasi hṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā viśeṣaṇam-pratirūpo 'nurūpaḥ śrutismṛtyapratikūla ityarthaḥ |
phalam-pratirūpaṃ śrutismṛtiśāsanānurūpameva enamupagacchati prāpnoti, na viparītam, anyacca-asmāttathāvidha evopajāyate || 8 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam ādarśe puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | rociṣṇur iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste rociṣṇur ha bhavati | rociṣṇur hāsya prajā bhavati | atho yaiḥ saṃnigacchati | sarvāṃs tān atirocate ||

9. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the mirror, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the brilliant.' Whoso adores him thus, he becomes brilliant, his offspring becomes brilliant, and with whomsoever he comes together, he outshines them.

ādarśe prasādasvabhāve cānyatra khaḍgādau hārde ca sattvaśuddhisvābhāvye caikā devatā, tasyā viśeṣaṇam-rociṣṇurdīptisvabhāvaḥ, phalaṃ ca tadeva |
rocanādhārabāhulyātphalabāhulyam || 9 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyaṃ yantaṃ paścāc chabbo 'nūdety etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | asur iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste sarvaṃ haivāsmiṃl loka āyur eti | nainaṃ purā kālāt prāṇo jahāti ||

10. Gârgya said: 'The sound that follows a man while he moves, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as life.' Whoso adores him thus, he reaches his full age in this world, breath does not leave him before the time.

yantaṃ gacchantaṃ ya evāyaṃ śabdaḥ paścātpṛṣṭhato 'nīdetyadhyātmaṃ ca jīvanahetuḥ prāṇaḥ, tamekīkṛtyāha;asuḥ prāṇo jīvanaheturiti guṇastasya;phalam-sarvamāyurasmiṃlloka etīti-yathopāttaṃ karmaṇā āyuḥ;karmaphalaparicchinnakālātpurā pūrvaṃ rogādibhiḥ pīḍyamānamapyenaṃ prāṇo na jahāti || 10 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyaṃ dikṣu puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | dvitīyo 'napaga iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste dvitīyavān ha bhavati | nāsmād gaṇaś chidyate ||

11. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in space, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as the second who never leaves us.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes possessed of a second, his party is not cut off from him,

dikṣu karṇayorhṛdi caikā devatā aśvinau devāvaviyuktasvabhāvau |
guṇastasya dvitīyavattvamanapagatvamaviyuktatā cānyonyaṃ diśāmaśvinoścaivandharmitvāt |
tadeva ca phalamupāsakasya-gaṇāvicchedo dvitīyavattvaṃ ca || 11 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyaṃ chāyāmayaḥ puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasminsaṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | mṛtyur iti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāste sarvaṃ haivāsmiṃl loka āyur eti | nainaṃ purā kālān mṛtyur āgacchati ||

12. Gârgya said: 'The person that consists of the shadow, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as death.' Whoso adores him thus, he reaches his whole age in this world, death does not approach him before the time.

chāyāyāṃ bāhye tamasyadhyātmaṃ ca āvaraṇātmake 'jñāne hṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā viśeṣaṇaṃ mṛtyuḥ |
phalaṃ sarvaṃ pūrvavat, mṛtyoranāgamanena rogādipīḍābhāvo viśeṣaḥ || 12 ||

sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- ya evāyam ātmani puruṣa etam evāhaṃ brahmopāsa iti | sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- mā maitasmin saṃvadiṣṭhāḥ | ātmanvīti vā aham etam upāsa iti | sa ya etam evam upāsta ātmanvī ha bhavati | ātmanvinī hāsya prajā bhavati | sa ha tūṣṇīm āsa gārgyaḥ ||

13. Gârgya said: 'The person that is in the body, that I adore as Brahman.' Agâtasatru said to him: 'No, no! Do not speak to me on this. I adore him verily as embodied.' Whoso adores him thus, becomes embodied, and his offspring becomes embodied. Then Gârgya became silent.

ātmani prajāpatau buddhau ca hṛdi caikā devatā |
tasyā ātmanvī-ātmavānīti viśeṣaṇam |
phalam-ātmanvī ha bhavatyātmavānbhavati, ātmanvinī hāsya prajā bhavati |
buddhibahulatvātprajāyāṃ sampādanamiti viśeṣaḥ |
svayaṃ parijñātatvenaivaṃ krameṇa pratyākhyā teṣu brahmasu sa gārgyaḥ kṣīṇabrahmavijñāno 'pratibhāsamānottarastūṣṇīmavākchirā āsa || 13 ||
taṃ tathābhūtamālakṣya gārgyam-

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- etāvan nū3 iti | etāvad dhīti | naitāvatā viditaṃ bhavatīti | sa hovāca gārgyaḥ -- upa tvāyānīti ||

14. Agâtasatru said: 'Thus far only?' 'Thus far only,' he replied. Agâtasatru said: 'This does not suffice to know it (the true Brahman).' Gârgya replied: 'Then let me come to you, as a pupil.'

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ-etāvannū3iti | kimetāvadbrahma nirjñātam, āhosvidadhikamapyastīti? itara āhaitāvaddhīti | naitāvatā viditena brahma viditaṃ bhavatītyāhājātaśatruḥ, kimarthaṃ garvito 'si brahma te bravāṇīti |
kimetāvadviditaṃ viditameva na bhavati? ityucyate-na, phalavadvijña3naśravaṇāt | na cārthavādatvameva vākyānāmavagantuṃ śakyam apūrvavidhānaparāṇi hi vākyāni pratyupāsanopadeśaṃ lakṣyante-"atiṣṭhāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām"ityādīni | tadanurūpāṇi ca phalāni sarvatra śrūyante vibhaktāni | arthavādatve etadasamañjasam |
kathaṃ tarhi naitāvatā viditaṃ bhavatīti? naiṣa doṣaḥ, adhikṛtāpekṣatvāt | brahmopādeśārthaṃ hi śuśrūṣave 'jātaśatrave 'mukhyabrahmavidgārgyaḥ pravṛttaḥ, sa yukta eva mukhyabrahmavidājātaśatruṇāmukhya brahmavidgārgyo vaktum- yanmukhyaṃ brahma vaktuṃ pravṛttastvaṃ tanna jānīṣa iti | yadyamukhyabrahmavijñānamapi pratyākhyāyeta, tadaitāvateti na brūyāt, na kiñcijjñātaṃ tvayetyevaṃ brūyāt, na kiñcijjñātaṃ tvayetyevaṃ brūyāt | tasmādbhavantyetāvantyavidyāviṣaye brahmāṇi |
etāvadvijñānadvāratvācca parabrahmavijñānasya, yuktameva vaktum-naitāvatāviditaṃbhavatīti |
avidyāviṣaye vijñeyatvaṃ nāmarūpakarmātmakatvaṃ caiṣāṃ tṛtīye 'dhyāye pradarśitam |
tasmāt"naitāvatā viditaṃ bhavati"iti bruvatā adhikaṃ bhrahma jñātavyamastīti darśitaṃ bhavati |
taccānupasannāya na vaktavyam ityācāravidhijño gārgyaḥ svayamevāha-upa tvā yānīti-upagacchānīti tvām, yathānyaḥ śiṣyo gurum || 14 ||

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- pratilomaṃ caitad yad brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyam upeyād brahma me vakṣyatīti | vy eva tvā jñapayiṣyāmīti | taṃ pāṇāv ādāyottasthau | tau ha puruṣaṃ suptam ājagmatuḥ | tam etair nāmabhir āmantrayāṃ cakre bṛhan pāṇdaravāsaḥ soma rājann iti | sa nottasthau | taṃ pāṇināpeṣaṃ bodhayāṃ cakāra | sa hottasthau ||

15. Agâtasatru said: 'Verily, it is unnatural that a Brâhmana should come to a Kshatriya, hoping that he should tell him the Brahman. However, I shall make you know him clearly,' thus saying he took him by the hand and rose. And the two together came to a person who was asleep. He called him by these names, 'Thou, great one, clad in white raiment, Soma, King.' He did not rise. Then rubbing him with his hand, he woke him, and he arose.

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ pratilomaṃ viparītaṃ caitat | kiṃ tat? yadbrahmaṇa uttamavarṇa ācāryatve 'dhikṛtaḥ san kṣatriyamanācāryasvabhāvamupeyāt-upagacchecchiṣyavṛttyā brahma me vakṣyatīti | etadācāravidhiśāsreṣu niṣiddham;tasmāttiṣṭhatvamācārya eva san | vijñapayiṣyāmyeva tvāmahaṃ yasminvidite brahma viditaṃ bhavati yattanmukhyaṃ brahma vedyam |
taṃ gārgyaṃ salajjamālakṣya viśrambhajananāya pāṇau hasta ādāya gṛhītvottasthāvutthitavān | tau ha gārgyājātaśatrū puruṣaṃ suptaṃ rājagṛhapradeśe kvacidājagmaturāgatau | taṃ ca puruṣaṃ suptaṃ pāpya etairnāmabhiḥ"bṛhan pāṇḍaravāsaḥ soma rājan"ityetairāmantrayāñcakre | evamāmantryamāṇo 'pi sa supto nottasthau, tamapratibudhyamānaṃ pāṇinā āpeṣamāpiṣyāpiṣya bodhayāñcakāra pratibodhitavān; tena sa hottasthau | tasmādyo gārgyeṇābhipretaḥ nāsāvasmiñcharīre kartā bhoktā brahmeti | kathaṃ punaridamavagamyate suptapuruṣagamanatatsambodhanānutthānairgārgyābhimatasya brahmaṇo 'brahmatvaṃ jñāpitamiti?
jāgaritakāle yo gārgyābhipretaḥ puruṣaḥ kartā bhoktā brahma saṃnihitaḥ karaṇeṣu yathā, tathājātaśatrvabhipreto 'pi tatsvāmī bhṛtyeṣviva rājā saṃnihita eva | kiṃ tu bhṛtyasvāminorgārgyājātaśatrvabhipretayoryadvivekāvadhāraṇa kāraṇaṃ tatsaṅkīrṇatvādanavadhāritaviśeṣam | yaddraṣṭutvameva bhokturna dṛśyatvam, yaccābhokturdṛśyatvameva na tu draṣṭṛtvam, taccobhayamiha saṅkīrṇatvādvivicya darśayitumaśakyamiti suptapuruṣagamanam |
nanu supte 'pi puruṣe viśiṣṭairnāmabhirāmantrito bhoktaiva pratipatsyate nābhokteti naiva nirṇayaḥ syāditi |
na, nirdhāritaviśeṣatvādgārgyābhipretasyaḥ yo hi satyenacchannaḥ prāṇa ātmāmṛto vāgādiṣvanastamito nimlocatsu, yasyāpaḥ śarīraṃ pāṇḍaravāsāḥ, yaścāsapatnatvād bṛhan, yaśca somo rājā ṣoḍaśakālaḥ, sa svavyāpārārūḍho yathānirjñāta evānastamitasvabhāva āste | nacānyasya kasyacidvyāpārastasminkāle gārgyeṇābhipreyate tadvirodhinaḥ | tasmātsvanāmabhirāmantritena pratiboddhavyam, na ca pratyabudhyata | tasmātpāriśeṣyādgārgyābhipretasyābhoktṛtvaṃ brahmaṇaḥ |
bhoktṛsvabhāvaśced bhuñjītaiva svaṃ viṣayaṃ prāptam | na hi dagdhṛsvabhāvaḥ prakāśayitṛsvabhāvaḥ sanvahnistṛṇolapādi dāhyaṃ svaviṣayaṃ prāptaṃ na dahati, prakāśyaṃ vā na prakāśayati | na ceddahati prakāśayati vā prāptaṃ svaṃ viṣayam, nāsau vahnirdagdhā prakāśayitā veti niścīyate | tathāsau prāptaśabdādiviṣayopalabdhṛsvabhāvaśced gārgyābhipretaḥ prāṇo bṛhan pāṇḍaravāsa ityevamādiśabdaṃ svaṃ viṣayamupalabheta, yathā prāptaṃ tṛṇolapādi vahnirdahetprakāśayecca avyabhicāreṇa tadvat | tasmātprāptānāṃ śabdādīnāmapratibodhādabhoktṛsvabhāva iti niścīyate | na hi yasya yaḥ svabhāvo niścitaḥ, sa taṃ vyabhicarati kadācidapi | ataḥ siddhaṃ prāṇasyābhoktṛtvam |
sambodhanārthanāmaviśeṣeṇa sambandhāgrahaṇādapratibodha iti cet? syādetat-yathā bahuṣvāsīneṣu svanāmaviśeṣeṇa sambandhāghrahaṇānmāmayaṃ sambodhayatīti, śṛṇvannapi sambodhyamāno viśeṣato na pratipadyate, tathemāni bṛhannityevamādīni mama nāmānītyagṛhītasambandhatvātprāṇo na gṛhṇāti sambodhanārthaṃ śabdam, na tvavijñātṛtvādeveti cet?
na;devatābhyupagame 'ghrahaṇānupapatteḥ | yasya hi candrādyabhimāninī devatā adhyātmaṃ prāṇo bhoktā abhyupagamyate, tasya tathā saṃvyavahārāya viśeṣanāmnā sambandho 'vaśyaṃ grahītavyaḥ, anyathā āhvānādiviṣaye saṃvyavahāro 'nupapannaṃ syāt |
vyatiriktapakṣe 'pyapratipattera yuktamiti cet? yasya ca prāṇavyatirikto bhoktā, tasyāpi bṛhannityādināmabhiḥ sambodhane bṛhattvādināmnāṃ tadā tadviṣayatvātpratipattiryuktā | na ca kadācidapi bṛhattvādiśabdaiḥ sambodhitaḥ
pratipadyamāno dṛśyate | tasmādakāraṇamabhoktṛtve sambodhanāpratipattiriti cet?
na;tadvatastāvanmātrābhimānānupapatteḥ | yasya prāṇavyatirikto bhoktā sa prāṇadevatāmātre 'bhimāno yathā haste | tasmātprāṇanāmasambodhane kṛtsnābhimānino yuktaivāpratipattiḥ;na tu prāṇasyāsādhāraṇanāmasaṃyoge, devatātmatvānabhimānāccātmanaḥ |
svanāmaprayoge 'pyapratipattidarśanādayuktamiti cet? suṣuptasya yallaukikaṃ devadattādi nāma tenāpi sambodhyamānaḥ kadācinna pratipadyate suṣuptaḥ | tathā bhoktāpi sanprāṇo na pratipadyata iti cet?
na, ātmaprāṇayoḥ suptāsuptatvaviśeṣopapatteḥ | suṣuptatvātprāṇagrastatayoparatakaṇa ātmā svaṃ nāma prayujyamānamapi na pratipadyate | na tu tadasuptasya prāṇasya bhoktṛtva uparatakaraṇatvaṃ sambodhanāgrahaṇaṃ vā yuktam |
aprasiddhanāmabhiḥ sambodhanamayuktamiti cet- santi hi prāṇaviṣayāṇi prasiddhāni prāṇādināmāni;tānyapohya
aprasiddhairbṛhattvādināmabhiḥ sambodhanamayuktam, laukikanyāyāpohāt | tasmādbhoktureva sataḥ prāṇasyāpratipattiriti cet? na, devatāpratyākhyānārthatvāt | kevalasambodhanamātrāpratipattyaiva asuptasyādhyātmikasya prāṇasyābhokatṛtve siddhe yaccandradevatāviṣayairnāmabhiḥ sambodhanam, taccandradevatā prāṇo 'smiñcharīre bhokteti gārgyasya viśeṣapratipattinirākaraṇārtham | na hi tallaukikanāmnā sambodhaneśakyaṃ kartum | prāṇagrastatvātkaraṇāntarāṇāṃ pravṛttyanupapatterbhoktṛtvāśaṅkānupapattiḥ | devatāntarābhāvācca |
nanvatiṣṭhā ityādyātmanvītyantena granthena guṇavaddevatābhedasya darśitatvāditi cet?
na, tasya prāṇa evaikatvābhyupagamātsarvaśrutiṣvaranābhinidarśanena | "satyenacchannam prāṇo vā amṛtam"iti ca prāṇabāhyasyānyasyānabhyupagamādbhoktuḥ"eṣa u hyeva sarve devāḥ" "katama eko deva iti prāṇaḥ"iti ca sarvadevānāṃ prāṇa evaikatvopapādanācca | tathā karaṇabhedeṣvanāśaṅkā, dehabhedeṣviva smṛtijñānecchadipratisandhānānupapatteḥ;na hyanyadṛṣṭamanyaḥ smarati jānātīcchati pratisandadhāti vā | tasmānna karaṇabhedaviṣayā bhoktṛtvāśaṅkā vijñānamātraviṣayā vā kadācidapyupapadyate |
nanu saṅghāta evāstu bhoktā, kiṃ vyatiriktakalpanayeti? na;āpeṣaṇe viśeṣadarśanāt | yadi hi prāṇaśarīrasaṅghātamātro bhoktā syātsaṅghātamātrāviśeṣātsadā āpiṣṭasyānāpiṣṭasya ca pratibodhe viśeṣo na syāt | saṅghātavyatirikte tu punarbhoktari saṅghātasambandhaviśeṣānekatvāt peṣaṇāpeṣaṇakṛtavedanāyāḥ sukhaduḥkhamohamadhyamādhamottamakarmaphalabhedopapatteśca viśeṣo yuktaḥ | na tu saṅghātamātre sambandhakarmaphalabhedānupapatterviśeṣo yuktaḥ |
tathā śabdādipaṭumāndyādikṛtaśca | asti cāyaṃ viśeṣaḥ-yasmātsparśamātreṇāpratibudhyamānaṃ puruṣaṃ suptaṃ pāṇinā āpeṣamāpiṣyāpiṣya bodhayāñcakārājātaśatruḥ | tasmādya āpeṣaṇena pratibubudhe jvalanniva sphuranniva kutaścidāgata iva piṇḍaṃ ca pūrvaviparītaṃ bodhaceṣṭākāraviśeṣādimattvenāpādayan, so 'nyo 'sti gārgyābhimatabrahmabhyo vyatirikta iti siddham |
saṃhatatvācca pārārthyopapattiḥ prāṇasya | gṛhasya stambhādivaccharīrasya antarupaṣṭambhakaḥ prāṇaḥ śarīrādibhiḥ saṃhata ityavocāma | aranemivacca, nābhisthānīya etasminsarvamiti ca | tasmād gṛhādivatsvāvayavasamudāyajātīyavyatiriktārthaṃsaṃhanyataityevamagacchāma |
stambhakuḍyatṛṇakāṣṭhādigṛhāvayavānāṃ svātmajanmopacayāpacaya-vināśanāmā-kṛtikārya-dharma- nirapekṣalabdha - sattāditadviṣaya-draṣṭṛ-śrotṛ-mantṛvijñātrarthatvaṃ dṛṣṭvā manyāmahe, tatsaṅghātasya ca - tathā prāṇādyava yavānāṃ tatsaṅghātasya ca svātma -janmopacayā -pacaya -vināśanāmākṛti -kāryadharma -nirapekṣalabdhasattāditadviṣayadraṣṭṛśrotṛmantṛvijñātrarthatvaṃ bhavitumarhatīti |
devatācetanāvattve samatvādguṇabhāvānupagama iti cet-prāṇasya viśiṣṭairnāmabhirāmantraṇadarśanāccetanāvattvamabhyupagatam | cetanāvattve ca pārārthyopagamaḥ samatvādanupapanna iti cet?
na;nirupādhikasya kevalasya vijijñāpayiṣitatvāt | kriyākārakaphalātmakatā hyātmano nāmarūpopādhijanitā avidyādhyāropitā | tannimitto lokasya kriyākārakaphalābhimānalakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāraḥ | sa nirupādhikātmasvarūpavidyayā nivartayitavya iti tatsvarūpavijijñāpayiṣayopaniṣadārambhaḥ"brahma te bravāṇi" "naitāvatā viditaṃ bhavati"iti copakramya"etāvadarekhalvamṛtatvam"iti copasaṃhārāt | na cāto 'nyadantarāle vivakṣitamuktaṃ vāsti | tasmādanavasaraḥ samatvād guṇabhāvānupagama iti codyasya |
viśeṣavato hi sopādhikasya saṃvyavahārārtho guṇaguṇibhāvaḥ, na viparītasya |
nirūpākhyo hi vijijñāpayiṣitaḥ sarvasyāmupaniṣadi |
"sa eṣa neti neti"ityupasaṃhārāt |
tasmādādityādibrahmabhya etebhyo 'vijñānamayebhyo vilakṣaṇo 'nyo 'sti vijñānamaya ityetatsiddham || 15 ||

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- yatraiṣa etat supto 'bhūd ya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣaḥ kvaiṣa tadābhūt kuta etad āgād iti | tad u ha na mene gārgyaḥ ||

16. Agâtasatru said: 'When this man was thus asleep, where was then the person (purusha), the intelligent? and from whence did he thus come back?' Gârgya did not know this?

sa evamajātaśatrurvyatiriktātmastitvaṃ pratipādya gārgyamuvācayatra yasminkāle eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣa etatsvapanaṃ supto 'bhūtprakpāṇipeṣapratibodhāt; vijñānaṃ vijñāyate 'nenetyantaḥ karaṇaṃ buddhirucyate, tanmayastatprāyo vijñānamayaḥ | kiṃ punastatprāyatvam? tasminnupalabhyatvaṃ tena copalabhyatvamupalabdhṛtvaṃ ca; kathaṃ punarmayaṭo 'nekārthatve prāyārthataivāvagamyate? "sa vā ayamātmā brahma vijñānamayo manomayaḥ"ityevamādau prāyārtha eva prayogadarśanāt, paravijñānavikāratvasyāprasiddhatvāt,"ya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ"iti ca prasiddhavadanuvādād avayavopamārthayoścātrāsambhavāt pāriśeṣyātprāyārthataiva | tasmātsaṅgalpavikalpādyātmakamantaḥkaraṇaṃ tanmaya ityetat | puruṣaḥ puri śayanāt |
kvaiṣa tadābhūditi praśnaḥ svabhāvavijñāpayiṣayā-prākpratibodhātkriyākārakaphalaviparītasvabhāva ātmeti kāryābhāvena didarśayiṣitam;na hi prākpratibodhātkarmādikāryaṃ sukhādi kiñcana gṛhyate;na hi prākpratibodhātkarmādikāryaṃ sukhādi kiñcana gṛhyate;tasmādakarmaprayuktatvāttathāsvābhāvyamevātmano 'vagamyate-yasminsvābhāvye 'bhūt, yataśca svābhāvyātpracyutaḥ saṃsārī svabhāvavilakṣaṇa iti- etadvivakṣayā pṛcchati gārgyaṃ pratibhānarahitaṃ buddhivyutpādanāya |
kvaiṣa tadābhūt? kuta etadāgāt? ityetadubhayaṃ gārgyeṇaiva praṣṭavyamāsīt, tathāpi gārgyeṇa na pṛṣṭamiti nodāste ajātaśatruḥ, bodhayitavya eveti pravartate |
jñapayiṣyāmyeveti pratijñātatvāt |
evamasau vyutpādyamāno 'pi gārgyo yatraiṣa ātmābhūtprākpratibodhād yataścaitadāgamanamāgāt tadubhayaṃ na vyutpede vaktuṃ vā praṣṭuṃ vā gārgyo ha na mene na jñātavān || 16 ||

sa hovācājātaśatruḥ -- yatraiṣa etat supto 'bhūd ya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣas tad eṣāṃ prāṇānāṃ vijñānena vijnānam ādāya ya eṣo 'ntar hṛdaya ākāśas tasmiñ chete | tāni yadā gṛhṇāti | atha haitat puruṣaḥ svapiti nāma | tad gṛhīta eva prāṇo bhavati | gṛhītā vāg | gṛhītaṃ cakṣur | gṛhītaṃ śrotram | gṛhītaṃ manaḥ ||

17. Agâtasatru said: 'When this man was thus asleep, then the intelligent person (purusha), having through the intelligence of the senses (prânas) absorbed within himself all intelligence, lies in the ether, which is in the heart. When he takes in these different kinds of intelligence, then it is said that the man sleeps (svapiti). Then the breath is kept in, speech is kept in, the ear is kept in, the eye is kept in, the mind is kept in.

sa hovācājātaśatrurvivakṣitārthasamarpaṇāya-yatraiṣa etatsupto 'bhūdya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣaḥ etatsupto 'bhūdya eṣa vijñānamayaḥ puruṣaḥ kvaiṣa tadābhūt? kuta etadāgāt? iti yadapṛcchāma, tacchṛṇūcyamānam-yatraiṣa etat supto 'bhūttattadātasminkāle eṣāṃ vāgādīnāṃ prāṇānāṃ vijñānenāntaḥkaraṇagatābhivyaktiviśeṣavijñānena upādhisvabhāvajanitena ādāya vijñānaṃ vāgādīnāṃ svasvaviṣayagatasāmarthyaṃ gṛhītvā, ya eṣo 'ntarmadhye hṛdaye hṛdayasyākāśaḥ, ya ākāśaśabdena para eva sva ātmocyate, tasminsve ātmanyākāśe śete svābhāvike 'sāṃsārike |
na kevala ākāśa eva, śrutyantarasāmarthyāt-"satā somya tadā sampanno bhavati"iti | liṅgopādhisambandhakṛtaṃ viśeṣātmasvarūpamutsṛjya aviśeṣe svābhāvike ātmanyeva kevale vartata ityabhiprāyaḥ
yadā śarīrendriyādhyakṣatāmutsṛjati, tadāsau svātmani vartata iti kathamavagamyate? nāmaprasiddhyā | kāsau nāmaprasiddhiḥ? ityāha-tāni vāgādervijñānāni yadā yasminkāle gṛhṇātyādatte atha tadā haitatpuruṣaḥ svapiti
nāma-etannāmāsya puruṣasya tadā prasiddhaṃ bhavati | gauṇamevāsya nāma bhavati | svamevātmānamapītyapigacchatīti svapitītyucyate |
satyaṃ svapitītināmaprasiddhyā ātmanaḥ saṃsāradharmavilakṣaṇaṃ rūpamavagamyate, na tvatra yuktirastītyāśaṅkyāha-tatttra svāpakāle gṛhīta eva prāṇo bhavati |
prāṇa iti ghrāṇendriyam, vāgādiprakaraṇāt;vāgādisambandhe hi sati sadupādhitvādasya saṃsāradharmitvaṃ lakṣyate |
vāgādayaścopasaṃhṛtā eva tadā tena |
katham? gṛhītā vāggṛhītaṃ cakṣurgṛhītaṃ śrotraṃ gṛhītaṃ manaḥ |
tasmādupasaṃhṛteṣu vāgādiṣu kriyākārakaphalātmatābhāvātsvātmastha evātmābhavatītyavagamyate || 17 ||
nanu darśanalakṣaṇāyāṃ svapnāvasthāyāṃ kāryakaraṇaviyoge 'pi saṃsāradharmitvamasya dṛśyate | yathā ca jāgarite sukhī duḥkhī bandhuviyuktaḥ śocati muhyate ta;tasmācchokamohadharmavānevāyam | nāsya śokamohādāyaḥ sukhaduḥkhādayaśca kāryakaraṇasaṃyogajanitabhrāntyādhyāropitā iti |
na mṛṣātvāt |

sa yatraitat svapnyayā carati te hāsya lokāḥ | tad uteva mahārājo bhavaty uteva mahābrāhmaṇaḥ | utevoccāvacaṃ nigacchati | sa yathā mahārājo jānapadān gṛhītvā sve janapade yathākāmaṃ parivartetaivam evaiṣa etat prāṇān gṛhītvā sve śarīre yathākāmaṃ parivartate ||

18. But when he moves about in sleep (and dream), then these are his worlds. He is, as it were, a great king; he is, as it were, a great Brâhmana; he rises, as it were, and he falls. And as a great king might keep in his own subjects, and move about, according to his pleasure, within his own domain, thus does that person (who is endowed with intelligence) keep in the various senses (prânas) and move about, according to his pleasure, within his own body (while dreaming).

sa prakṛta ātmā yatra yasminkāle darśanalakṣaṇayā svapnyayā svapnavṛttyā carati vartate tadā te hāsya lokāḥ karmaphalāni | ke te? tattatrotāpi mahārāja iva bhavati | so 'yaṃ mahārājatvamivāsya lokaḥ, na mahārājatvameva jāgarita iva | tathā mahābrāhmaṇa iva, utāpyuccāvacamuccaṃ ca devatvādyavacaṃ ca tiryaktvādi, uccamivāvacamiva ca nigacchati | mṛṣaiva mahārājatvādayo 'sya lokāḥ, ivaśabdaprayogādvyabhicāradarśanācca | tasmānna bandhuviyogādijanitaśokamohādibhiḥ svapne sambadhyata eva |
nanu ca yathā jāgarite jāgratkālāvyabhicāriṇo lokāḥ, evaṃ svapne 'pi te 'sya mahārājatvādayo lokāḥ svapnakālabhāvinaḥ svapnakālāvyabhicāriṇa ātmabhūtā eva, na tvavidyādhyāropitā iti |
nanu ca jāgratkāryakaraṇātmatvaṃ devatātmatvaṃ cāvidyādhyāropitaṃ na paramārthata iti vyatiriktavijñānamayātmapradarśanena pradarśitam | tatkathaṃ dṛṣṭāntatvena svapnalokasya mṛta ivojjīviṣyanprādurbhaviṣyati? satyam, vijñānamaye vyatirikte kāryakaraṇadevatātmatvapradarśanam avidyādhyāropitam-śuktikāyāmiva rajatatvadarśanam-ityetatsiddhyati vyatiriktātmāstitvapradarśananyāyenaiva, na tu tadviśuddhiparatayaiva nyāya uktaḥ;ityasannapi dṛṣṭānto jāgratkāryakaraṇadevatātmatvadarśanalakṣaṇaḥ punarudbhāvyate | sarvo hi nyāyaḥ kiñcidviśeṣamapekṣamāṇo 'punaruktibhavati |
na tāvatsvapne 'nubhūtamahārājatvādayo lokā ātmabhūtāḥ;ātmano 'nyasya jāgratprativimbabhūtasya lokasya darśanāt | mahārāja eva tāvadvyastasuptāsu prakṛtiṣu paryaṅke śayānaḥ svapnānpaśyannupasaṃhṛtakaraṇaḥ punarupagataprakṛtiṃ mabārājamivātmānaṃ jāgarita iva paśyati yātrāgataṃ bhuñjānamiva ca bhogān | na ca tasya mabārājasya paryaṅke śayanād dvitīyo 'nyaḥ prakṛtyupeto viṣaye paryaṭannahani loke prasiddho 'sti, yamasau suptaḥ paśyati | na copasaṃhṛtakaraṇasya rūpādimato darśanamupapadyate | na ca dehe dehāntarasya tattulyasya sambhavo 'sti, dehasthasyaiva hi svapnadarśanam |
nanu paryaṅke śayānaḥ pathi pravṛttamātmānaṃ paśyati-na bahiḥ svapnānpaśyatītyetadāha-sa mahārājo jānapadāñjanapade bhavānrājopakaraṇabhūtānbhṛtyānanyāṃśca gṛhītvopādāya sva ātmīya eva jayādinopārjite janapade yathākāmaṃ yo yaḥ kāmo 'sya yathākāmamicchāto yathā parivartetetyarthaḥ;evamevaiṣa vijñānamayaḥ, etaditi kriyāviśeṣaṇam,
prāṇāngṛhītvā jāgaritasthānebhya upasaṃhṛtya sve śarīre sva eva dehe na bahiḥ yathākāmaṃ parivartate;kāmakarmabhyāmudbhāsitāḥ pūrvānubhūtavastusadṛśīrvāsanā anubhavatītyarthaḥ |
tasmātsvapne mṛṣādhyāropitā evātmabhūtatvena lokā avidyamānā eva santaḥ, tathā jāgarite 'pi, iti pratyetavyam |
tasmādviśuddho 'kriyākārakaphalātmako vijñānamaya ityetatsiddham |
yasmād dṛśyante draṣṭurviṣayabhūtāḥ kriyākārakaphalātmakāḥ kāryakaraṇalakṣaṇā lokāḥ, tathā svapne 'pi, tasmādanyo 'sau dṛśyebhyaḥ svapnajāgaritalokebhyo draṣṭā vijñānamayo viśuddhaḥ || 18 ||
darśanavṛttau svapne vāsanārāśerdṛśyatvādataddharmateti viśuddhatāvagatā ātmanaḥ | tatra yathākāmaṃ parivartata iti kāmavaśātparivartanamuktam | draṣṭurdṛśyasambandhaścāsya svābhāvika ityaśuddhatā śaṅkyate;atastadviśuddhyarthamāha-

atha yadā suṣupto bhavati | yadā na kasya cana veda | hitā nāma nādyo dvāsaptatiḥ sahasrāṇi hṛdayāt purītatam abhipratiṣṭhante | tābhiḥ pratyavasṛpya purītati śete | sa yathā kumāro add. vā mahārājo vā mahābrāhmaṇo vātighnīm ānandasya gatvā śayīta | evam evaiṣa etac chete ||

19. Next, when he is in profound sleep, and knows nothing, there are the seventy-two thousand arteries called Hita, which from the heart spread through the body. Through them he moves forth and rests in the surrounding body. And as a young man, or a great king, or a great Brâhmana, having reached the summit of happiness, might rest, so does he then rest.

atha yadā suṣupto bhavati-yadā svapnyayā carati, tadāpyayaṃ viśuddha eva | atha punaryadā hitvā darśanavṛttiṃ svapnaṃ yadā yasminkāle suṣuptaḥ suṣṭhu suptaḥ samprasādaṃ svābhāvyena prasīdati | kadā suṣupto bhavati? yadā yasminkāle na kasyana na kiñcanetyarthaḥ, veda vijānāti;kasyacana vā śabdādeḥ sambandhi vastvantaraṃ kiñcana na vedetyadhyāhāryam;pūrvaṃ tu nyāyyam, supte tu viśeṣavijñānābhāvasya vivakṣitatvāt |
evaṃ tāvadviśeṣavijñānābhāve suṣupto bhavatītyuktam | kena punaḥ krameṇa suṣupto bhavati? ityucyate-hitā nāma hitā ityevaṃnāmnyo nāḍyaḥ śirā dehasyānnarasavipariṇāmabhūtāḥ, tāśca dvāsaptatiḥ sahasrāṇi, dve sahasre adhike saptatiśca sahasrāṇi tā dvāsaptatiḥ sahasrāṇi, hṛdayāt-hṛdayaṃ nāma māṃsapiṇḍaḥ-tasmānmāṃsapiṇḍātpuṇḍarīkākārāt, purītataṃ hṛdayapariveṣṭanamācakṣate,
tadupalakṣitaṃ śarīramiha purītatamabhipratiṣṭhanta iti śarīraṃ kṛtsnaṃ vyāpnuvatyo 'śvatthaparṇarājaya iva bahirmukhyaḥ pravṛttā ityarthaḥ |
tatra buddherantaḥkaraṇasya hṛdayaṃ sthānam, tatrasthabuddhitantrāṇi cetarāṇi bāhyāni karaṇāni | tena buddhiḥ karmavaśācchrotrādīni tābhirnāḍībhirmatsyajālavatkarṇaśaṣkulyādisthānebhyaḥ prasārayati, prasāryacādhitiṣṭhati jāgaritakāle | tāṃ vijñānamayo 'bhivyaktasvātmacaitanyāvabhāsatayā vyāpnoti | saṅkocanakāle ca tasyā anusaṅkucita;so 'sya vijñānamayasya svāpaḥ;jāgradvikāsānubhavo bhogaḥ;buddhyupādhisvabhāvānuvidhāyī hi saḥ, candrādipratibimba iva jalādyanuvidhāyī | tasmāttasyā buddherjāgradviṣayāyāstābhirnāḍībhiḥ pratyavasarpaṇamanu pratyavasṛpya purītati śarīre śete tiṣṭhati, taptamiva lohapiṇḍamaviśeṣeṇa saṃvyāpyāgnivaccharīraṃ saṃvyāpya vartata ityarthaḥ |
svābhāvika eva svātmani vartamāno 'pi karmānugatabuddhyanuvṛttitvātpurītati śeta ityucyate | na hi suṣiptikāle śarīrasambandho 'sti | "tīrṇo hi tadā sarvāñchokānhṛdayasya"iti hi vakṣyati |
sarvasaṃsāraduḥkhaviyuktā iyamavasthetyatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ-sa yathā kumāro vā atyantabālo vā, mahārājo vātyantavaśyaprakṛtiryathoktakṛt, mahābrāhmaṇo vā atyantaparipakvavidyāvinayasampannaḥ, atighnīm-atiśayena duḥkhaṃ hantītyatighnī ānandasyāvasthā sukhāvasthā tāṃ prāpya gatvā, śayītāvatiṣṭheta |
eṣāṃ ca kumārādīnāṃ svabhāvasthānāṃ sukaṃ niratiśyaṃ prasiddhaṃ loke, vikriyamāṇānāṃ hi teṣāṃ duḥkhaṃ na svabhāvataḥ;tena teṣāṃ svābhāvikyavasthā dṛṣṭāntatvenopādīyate prasiddhatvāt | na teṣāṃ svāpa evābhipretaḥ, svāpasya dārṣṭāntikatvena vivakṣitatvādviśeṣābhāvācca | viśeṣe hi sati dṛṣṭāntadārṣṭāntikabhedaḥ syāt;tasmānna teṣāṃ svāpo dṛṣṭāntaḥ |
evameva yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, eṣa vijñānamaya etacchayanaṃ śete iti, etacchabdaḥ kriyāviśeṣaṇārthaḥ |
evamayaṃ svābhāvike sve ātmani sarvasaṃsāradharmātīto vartate svāpakāla iti || 19 ||
kvaiṣa tadābhūdityasya praśnasya prativacanamuktam | anena ca praśnanirṇayena vijñānamayasya svabhāvato viśuddhirasaṃsāritvaṃ coktam | kuta etadāgāt? ityasya praśnasyāpākaraṇārtha ārambhaḥ |
nanu yasmingrāme nagare vā yo bhavati so 'nyatra gacchaṃstata eva grāmānnagarādvā gacchati nānyataḥ | tathā sati kvaiṣa tadābhūdityetāvānevāstu praśnaḥ | yatrābhūttata evāganamaṃ prasiddhaṃ syānnānyata iti kuta etadāgāditi praśno nirarthaka eva |
kiṃ śrutirupālabhyate bhavatā? na | kiṃ tarhi? dvitīyasya praśnasyārthāntaraṃ śrotumicchāmyata ānarthakyaṃ codayāmi |
evaṃ tarhi kuta ityapādānārthatā na gṛhyate;apādānārthatve hi punaruktatā, nānyārthatve | astu tarhi nimittārthaḥ praśnaḥ-kuta etadāgāt-kinnimittamihāgamanam? iti |
na nimittārthatāpi, prativacanavairūpyāt | ātmanaśca sarvasya jagato 'gnivisphuliṅgādivadutpattiḥ prativacane śrūyate | na hi visphuliṅgānāṃ vidravaṇe 'gnirnimittamapādānameva tu saḥ | tathā paramātmā vijñānamayasyātmano 'pādānatvena śrūyate"asmādātmanaḥ"ityetasminvākye | tasmātprativacanavailomyātkuta iti praśnasya nimittārthatā na śakyate varṇayitum |
nanvapādānapakṣe 'pi punaruktatādoṣaḥ sthita eva |
naiṣa doṣaḥ, praśnābhyām ātmani kriyākārakaphalātmatāpohasya vivakṣitatvāt | iha hi vidyāvidyāviṣayāvupanyastau | "ātmetyevopāsīta" "ātmānamevāvet" "ātmānameva lokamupāsīta"iti vidyāviṣayaḥ | tathā avidyāviṣayaśca pāṅktaṃ karma tatphalaṃ cānnatrayaṃ nāmarūpakarmātmakamiti | tatrāvidyāviṣaye vaktavyaṃ sarvamuktam |
vidyāviṣayastvātmā kevala upanyasto na nirṇītaḥ | tannirṇayāya ca 'brahma te bravāṇi'iti prakrāntaṃ 'jñapayiṣyāmi'iti ca | atastadbrahma vidyāviṣayabhūtaṃ jñāpayitavyaṃ yāthātmyataḥ | tasya ca yāthātmyaṃ kriyākārakaphalabhedaśūnyamatyantaviśuddhamadvaitamityetadvivakṣitam | atastadanurūpau praśnāvutthāpyete śrutyā 'kvaiṣa tadābhūt' 'kuta etadāgāt'iti |
tatra yatra bhavati tadadhikaraṇaṃ yadbhavati tadadhikartavyam, yatoścādhikaraṇādhikartavyayorbhedo dṛṣṭo loke | tathā yata āgacchati tadapādānaṃ ya āgacchati sa kartā tasmādanyo dṛṣṭaḥ | tathā ātmā kvāpyabhūdanyasminnanyaḥ kutaścidāgādanyasmādanyaḥ kenacidbhinnena sādhanāntareṇetyevaṃ lokavatprāptā buddhiḥ | sā prativacanena nivartayitavyeti | nāyamātmā anyo 'nyatrābhūdanyo vā
anyasmādāgataḥ sādhanāntaraṃ vā ātmanyasti | kiṃ tarhi? svātmanyevābhūt 'svam (ātmānam) apīto bhavati' 'satā somya tadā sampanno bhavati' 'prājñenātmanā sampariṣvaktaḥ' | 'para ātmani sampratiṣṭhate'ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | ata eva nānyo 'nyasmādāgacchati | tacchrutyaiva pradarśyate 'asmādātmanaḥ'iti | ātmavyatirekeṇa vastvantarābhāvāt |
nanvasti prāṇādyātmavyatiriktaṃ vastvantaram | na, prāṇādestata eva niṣpatteḥ | tatkatham? ityucyate, tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ-

sa yathorṇavābhis tantunoccared yathā agneḥ kṣudrā viṣphuliṅgā vyuccaranty evam evāsmād ātmanaḥ sarve prāṇāḥ sarve lokāḥ sarve devāḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni vyuccaranti | tasyopaniṣat satyasya satyam iti | prāṇā vai satyaṃ teṣām eṣa satyam ||

20. As the spider comes out with its thread, or as small sparks come forth from fire, thus do all senses, all worlds, all Devas, all beings come forth from that Self The Upanishad (the true name and doctrine) of that Self is 'the True of the True.' Verily the senses are the true, and he is the true of the true.

sa yathā loka ūrṇanābhiḥ | ūrṇanābhirlūtākīṭa eka eva prasiddhaḥ sansvātmāpravibhaktena tantunoccaredudgacchet | na cāsti tasyodgamane svato 'tiriktaṃ kārakāntaram | yathā caikarūpādekasmādagneḥ śrudrā alpā visphuliṅgāsruṭayo 'gnyavayavā vyuccaranti vividhaṃ nānā voccaranti | yathemau dṛṣṭāntau kārakabhedābhāve 'pi pravṛttiṃ darśayataḥ, prākpravṛtteśca svabhāvata ekatvam, evamevāsmādātmano vijñānamayasya prākpratibodhādyatsvarūpaṃ tasmādityarthaḥ | sarve prāṇā vāgādayaḥ, sarve lokā bhūrādayaḥ, sarvāṇi karmaphalāni, sarve devāḥ prāṇalokādhiṣṭhātāro 'gnyādayaḥ, sarvāṇi bhūtāni brahmādistambaparyantāni prāṇijātāni, sarva eta ātmāna ityasminpāṭha upādhisamparkajanitaprabudhyamānaviśeṣātmāna ityarthaḥ, vyuccaranti |
yasmādātmanaḥ sthāvarajabhgamaṃ jagadidamagnivisphuliṅgavad vyuccaratyaniśam, yasminneva ca pralīyate jalabudbudavat, yadātmakaṃ ca vartate sthitikāle, tasyāsyātmano brahmaṇaḥ, upaniṣad;upa samīpaṃ nigamayatītyabhidhāyakaḥ śabda upaniṣadityucatyate, śāsraprāmāṇyādetacchabdagato viśeṣo 'vasīyata upanigamayitṛtvaṃ nāma |
kāsāvupaniṣadityāha-satyasya satyamiti | sā hi sarvatra copaniṣadalaukikārthatvād durvijñeyārthā, iti tadarthamācaṣṭe-prāṇā vai satyaṃ teṣāmeṣa satyamiti | etasyaiva vākyasya vyākhyānāyottaraṃ brāhmaṇadvayaṃ bhaviṣyati |
bhavatu tāvadupaniṣadvyākhyānāyottaraṃ brāhmaṇadvayam, tasyopaniṣadityuktam, tatra na jānīmaḥ kiṃ prakṛtasyātmano vijñānamayasya pāṇipeṣaṇotthitasya saṃsāriṇaḥ śabdādibhuja iyamupaniṣadāhosvidasaṃsāriṇaḥ kasyacit? kiñcātaḥ? yadi saṃsāriṇastadā saṃsāryeva vijñeyaḥ, tadvijñānādeva sarvaprāptiḥ | sa eva brahmaśabdavācyastadvidyaiva brahmavidyeti | atha asaṃsāriṇaḥ, tadā tadviṣayā vidyā brahmavidyā | tasmācca brahmavijñānātsarvabhāvāpattiḥ |
sarvametacchāsraprāmāṇyādbhaviṣyati | kintvasminpakṣe"ātmetyevopāsīta" "ātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmi"iti parabrahmaikatvapratipādikāḥ śrutayaḥ kupyeran, saṃsāriṇaścānyasyābhāve upadeśānarthakyāt | yata evaṃ paṇḍitānāmapyetanmahāmohasthānam anuktaprativacanapraśnaviṣayam; ato yathāśakti brahmavidyāpratipādakavākyeṣu brahma vijijñāsūnāṃ buddhivyutpādanāya vicārayiṣyāmaḥ |
na tāvadasaṃsārī paraḥ, pāṇipeṣaṇapratibodhitācchabdādibhujo 'vasthāntaraviśiṣṭādutpattiśruteḥ | na praśāsitāśanāyādivarjitaḥ paro vidyate, kasmāt? yasmāt 'brahma jñapayiṣyāmi' iti pratijñāya suptaṃ puruṣaṃ pāṇipeṣaṃ bodhayitvā tasyaiva svapnadvāreṇa suṣuptyākhyamavasthāntaramunnīya tasmādevātmanaḥ suṣuptyavasthāviśiṣṭād agnivisphuliṅgorṇanābhidṛṣṭāntābhyāmutpattiṃ darśayati śrutiḥ"evamevāsmāt"ityādinā | na cānyo jagadutpattikāraṇamantarāle śruto 'sti, vijñānamayasyaiva hi prakaraṇam | samānaprakaraṇe ca śrutyantare kauṣītakināmādityādipuruṣānprastutya"sa hovāca yo vai bālāka eteṣāṃ puruṣāṇāṃ kartā yasya vaitatkarma sa vai veditavyaḥ"iti prabuddhasyaiva vijñānamayasya veditavyatāṃ darśayati, nārthāntarasya |
tathā ca"ātmanastu kāmāya sarvaṃ priyaṃ bhavati"ityuktvā, ya evātmā priyaḥ prasiddhastasyaiva draṣṭavyaśrotavyamantavyanididhyāsitavyatāṃ darśayati | tathā ca vidyopanyāsakāle"ātmetyevopāsīta" "tadetatpreyaḥ putrātpreyo vittāt" "tadātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmi"ityevamādivākyānāmānulomyaṃ syātparābhāve | vakṣyati ca -"ātmānaṃ cedvijānīyādayamasmīti pūruṣaḥ"iti | sarvavedānteṣu ca pratyagātmavedyataiva pradarśyate 'hamiti, na bahirvedyatā śabdādivatpradarśyate 'sau brahmeti | tathā kauṣītakināmeva"na vācaṃ vijijñāsīta vaktāraṃ vidyāt"ityādinā vāgādikaraṇairvyāvṛttasya kartureva veditavyatāṃ darśayati |
avasthāntaraviśiṣṭo 'saṃsārīti cet-athāpi syādyo jāgarite śabdādibhugvijñānamayaḥ, sa eva suṣuptākhyamavasthāntaraṃ gato 'saṃsārī paraḥ praśāsitā anyaḥ syāditi cenna, adṛṣṭatvāt | na hyevandharmakaḥ padārtho dṛṣṭo 'nyatra vaināśikasiddhāntāt | na hi loke gaustiṣṭhan gacchanvā gaurbhavati, śayānastvaśvādijātyantaramiti | nyāyācca-yaddharmako yaḥ padārdhaḥ pramāṇenāvagato bhavati, sa deśakālāvasthāntareṣvapi taddharmaka eva bhavati | sa cettaddharmakatvaṃ vyabhicarati, sarvaḥ pramāṇavyavahāro lupyeta | tathā ca nyāyavidaḥ sāṅkhyamīmāṃsakādayo 'saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvaṃ yuktiśataiḥ pratipādayanti |
saṃsāriṇo 'pi jagadutpattisthitilayakriyākartṛtvavijñānasyābhāvād ayuktamiti cet-yanmahatā prapañcena sthāpitaṃ bhavatā, śabdādibhuksaṃsāryevāvasthāntaraviśiṣṭo jagata iha karteti-tadasat; yato jagadutpattisthitilayakriyākartṛtvavijñānaśaktisādhanābhāvaḥ sarvalokapratyakṣaḥ saṃsāriṇaḥ | sa kathamasmadādiḥ saṃsārī manasāpi cintayitumaśakyaṃ pṛthivyādivinyāsaviśiṣṭaṃ jagannirminuyāt? ato 'yuktamiti cenna, śāsrāt; śāsraṃ saṃsāriṇaḥ"evamevāsmādātmanaḥ"iti jagadutpattyādi darśayati | tasmātsarvaṃ śraddheyamiti syādayamekaḥ pakṣaḥ |
"yaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvavit" "yo 'śanāyāpipāse atyeti" "asaṅgo na hi sajjate" "etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane" "yaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhannantaryāmyamṛtaḥ" "sa yastānpuruṣānniruhyātyakrāmat" "sa vā eṣa mahānaja ātmā"
"eṣa seturvidharaṇaḥ" "sarvasya vaśī sarvasyeśānaḥ" "ya ātmāpahatapāpmā vijaro vimṛtyuḥ" "tattejo 'sṛjata" "ātmā vā idameka evāgra āsīt" "na lipyate lokaduḥkhena bāhyaḥ"ityādiśrutiśatebhyaḥ | smṛteśca"ahaṃ sarvasya prabhavo mattaḥ sarvaṃ pravartate"iti paro 'styasaṃsārī | śrutismṛtinyāyebhyaśca | sa ca kāraṇaṃ jagataḥ | nan"vevamevāsmādātmana"iti
saṃsāriṇa evotpattiṃ | darśayatītyuktam | na | "ya eṣo 'ntarhṛdaya ākāśa"iti parasya prakṛtatvādasmādātmana iti yuktaḥ parasyaiva parāmarśaḥ | "kvaiṣa tadābhūdi"tyasya praśnasya prativacanatvenā'kāśaśabdavācyaḥ para ātmokto"ya eṣo 'ntarhṛdaya ākāśastasmiñcheta"iti | "satā somya tadā sampanno bhavatya" "harahargacchantya etaṃ brahmalokaṃ na vidanti" "prājñenā'tmanā sampariṣvaktaḥ" "para ātmani saṃpratiṣṭhate"ityādiśrutibhya ākāśaśabdaḥ para ātmeti niścīyate | "daharo 'sminnantarākāśa"iti prastutya tasminnevā'tmaśabdaprayogācca | prakuta eva para ātmā | tasmādyuktameva asmādātmana iti paramātmana eva sṛṣṭiriti | saṃsāriṇaḥ sṛṣṭisthitisaṃhārajñānasāmarthyābhāvaṃ cāvotāma |
atra ca"ātmetyevopāsīta" "ātmānamevāvedahaṃ brahmāsmī"ti brahmavidyā prastutā | brahmaviṣayañca brahmavijñānamiti | "brahma te bravāṇī"ti"brahma jñapayiṣyāmī"ti prārabdham | tatredānīmasaṃsāri brahma jagataḥ kāraṇamaśanāyādyatītaṃ nityaśuddhabuddhamuktasvabhāvaṃ tadviparītaśca saṃsārī tasmādahaṃ brahmāsmīti na gṛhṇīyāt | paraṃ hi devamīśānaṃ nikṛṣṭaḥ saṃsāryātmatvena smarankathaṃ na doṣabhāksyāt | tasmānnāhaṃ brahmāsmīti yuktam |
tasmātpuṣpodakāñjalistutinamaskārabalyupahārasvādhyāyadhyānayogādibhirār irādhayiṣeta | ārādhanena viditvā sarveśitṛ brahma bhavati | na punarasaṃsāri brahma saṃsāryātmatvena cintayedagnimiva śītatvenā'kāśamiva mūrtimatvena | brahmātmatvapratipādakamapi śāsramarthavādo bhaviṣyati | sarvatarkaśāsralokanyāyaiścaivamavirodhaḥ syāt | na, mantrabrāhmaṇavādebhyastasyaiva praveśa śravaṇāt | "puraścakra"iti prakṛtya"puraḥ puruṣa āviśadi"ti"rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva tadasya rūpaṃ praticakṣaṇāya" "sarvāṇi rūpāṇi vicitya dhoro nāmāni kṛtvābhivadanyadāste"iti sarvaśākhāsu sahasraśo mantravādāḥ sṛṣṭikarturevāsaṃsāriṇaḥ śarīrapraveśaṃ darśayanti | tathā brāhmaṇavādāḥ | "tatsṛṣṭvā tadevānuprāviśat" "sa etameva sīmānaṃ vidāryaitayā dvārā prāpadyata" "seyaṃ devatemāstisatro devatā anena jīvenā'tmanānupraviśya" "eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu gūḍhātmā na prakāśate"ityādyāḥ | sarvaśrutiṣu ca brahmaṇyātmaśabdaprayogādātmaśabdasya ca pratyagātmābhidhāyakatvāt"eṣa sarvabhūtāntarātmā"iti ca śruteḥ paramātmavyatirekeṇa saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvāt"ekamevādvitīyam" "brahmaivedam" "ātmaivedam"ityādiśrutibhyo yuktamevāhaṃ brahmāsmītyavadhārayitum |
yadaivaṃ sthitaḥ śāsrārthastadā paramātmanaḥ saṃsaritvam | tathā ca sati śāsrānarthakyamasaṃsāritve copadeśānarthakyaṃ spaṣṭo doṣaḥ prāptaḥ | yadi tāvatparamātmā sarvabhūtāntarātmā sarvaśarīrasamparkajanitaduḥkhānyanubhavatīti spaṣṭaṃ parasya saṃsāritvaṃ prāptam | tathā ca parasyāsaṃsāritvapratipādikāḥ śrutayaḥ kupyeransmṛtayaśca sarve ca nyāyāḥ | atha kathañcitprāṇiśarīrasambandhajairduḥkhairna sambadhyata iti śakyaṃ pratipādayituṃ paramātmanaḥ sādhyaparihāryābhāvādupadeśānarthakyadoṣo na śakyate nivārayitum | atra kecitparihāramācakṣate | paramātmā na sākṣādbhūteṣvanupraviṣṭaḥ svena rūpeṇa | kiṃ tarhi vikārabhāvamāpanno vijñānātmatvaṃ pratipede |
sa ca vijñānātmā parasmādanyo 'nanyaśca | yenānyastena saṃsāritvasambandhī yenānanyastenāhaṃ brahmetyavadhāraṇārhaḥ | evaṃ sarvamaviruddhaṃ bhaviṣyatīti |
tatra vijñānātmano vikārapakṣe etā gatayaḥ-pṛthivīdravyavadane-kadravyasamāhārasya sāvayavasya paramātmana ekadeśavipariṇāmo vijñānātmā ghaṭādivat | pūrvasaṃsthānāvasthasya vā parasyaikadeśo vikriyate keśoṣarādivat, sarva eva vā paraḥ pariṇametkṣīrādivat |
tatra samānajātīyānekadravyasamūhasya kaściddravyaviśeṣo vijñānātmatvaṃ pratipadyate yadā, tadā samānajātīyatvādekatvamupacaritameva na tu paramārthataḥ | tathā ca sati siddhāntavirodhaḥ |
atha nityāyutasiddhāvayavānugato 'vayavī para ātmā, tasya tadavasthasyaikadeśo vijñānātmā saṃsārī-tadāpi sarvāvayavānugatatvādavayavina evāvayavagato doṣo guṇo veti, vijñānātmanaḥ saṃsāritvadoṣeṇa para evātmā sambadhyata iti, iyamapyaniṣṭā kalpanā | kṣīravatsarvapariṇāmapakṣe sarvaśrutismṛtikopaḥ, sa cāniṣṭaḥ | "niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntam" "divyo hyamūrtaḥ puruṣaḥ sabāhyābhyantaro hyajaḥ" "ākāśavatsarvagataśca nityaḥ" "sa vā eṣa mahānaja ātmājaro 'maro 'mṛtaḥ" "na jāyate mriyate vā kadācit" "avyakto 'yam"ityādiśrutismṛtinyāyaviruddhā ete sarve pakṣāḥ |
acalasya paramātmana ekadeśapakṣe vijñānātmanaḥ karmaphalavaddeśasaṃsaraṇānupapattiḥ, parasya vā saṃsāritvam-ityuktam | parasyaikadeśo 'gnivisphuliṅgavatsphuṭito vijñānātmā saṃsaratīti cet-tathāpi parasyāvayavasphuṭanena kṣataprāptiḥ, tatsaṃsaraṇe ca paramātmanaḥ pradeśāntarāvayavavyūhe chidratāprāptiḥ, avraṇatvavākyavirodhaśca | ātmāvayavabhūtasya vijñānātmanaḥ saṃsaraṇe paramātmaśūnyapradeśābhāvādavayavāntaranodanavyūhanābhyāṃ hṛdayaśūleneva paramātmano duḥkhitvaprāptiḥ |
agnivisphuliṅgādidṛṣṭāntaśruterna doṣa iti cet? na, śruterjñāpakatvāt;na śāsraṃ padārthānanyathā kartuṃ pravṛttam | kiṃ tarhi? yathābhūtānāmajñātānāṃ jñāpane | kiñcātaḥ? śṛṇu-ato yadbhavati, yathābhūtā mūrtāmūrtādipadārthadharmā loke prasiddhāḥ | taddṛṣṭāntopādānena tadavirodhyeva vastvantaraṃ jñāpayituṃ pravṛttaṃ śāsraṃ na laukikavastuvirodhajñāpanāya laukikavastuvirodhajñāpanāya laukikameva dṛṣṭāntamupādatte | upādīyamāno 'pi dṛṣṭānto 'narthakaḥ syāddārṣṭāntikāsaṅgateḥ | na hyāgniḥ śīta ādityo na tapatīti vā dṛṣṭāntaśatenāpi pratipādayituṃ śakyam, pramāṇāntareṇānyathādhigatatvādvastunaḥ | na ca pramāṇaṃ pramāṇāntareṇa virudhyate, pramāṇāntarāviṣayameva hi pramāṇāntaraṃ jñāpayati | na ca laukikapadapadārthāśrayaṇavyatirekeṇāgamena śakyamajñātaṃ vastvantaramavagamayitum | tasmātprasiddhanyāyamanusaratā na śakyā paramātmanaḥ sāvayavāṃśāṃśitvakalpanā paramārthataḥ pratipādayitum |
"kṣudrā visphuliṅgāḥ" "mamaivāṃśaḥ"iti ca śrūyate smaryate ceti cenna, ekatvapratyayārthaparatvāt | agnerhi visphuliṅgo 'gnireva ityekatvapratyayārhe dṛṣṭo loke; tathā cāṃśoṃ'śinaikatvapratyayārhaḥ; tatraivaṃ sati vijñānātmanaḥ paramātmavikārāṃśatvavācakāḥ śabdāḥ paramātmavikārāṃśatvavācakāḥ śabdāḥ paramātmaikatvapratyayādhitsavaḥ |
upakramopasaṃhārābhyāṃ ca-sarvāsu hyupaniṣatsu pūrvamekatvaṃ pratijñāya, dṛṣṭāntairhetubhiśca paramātmano vikārāṃśāditvaṃ jagataḥ pratipādya, punarekatvamupasaṃharati; tadyathehaiva tāvat"idaṃ sarvaṃ yadayamātmā"iti pratijñāya, utpattisthitilayahetudṛṣṭāntairvikāravikāritvādyekatvapratyayahetūnprati pādya"anantaramabāhyam" "ayamātmā brahma"ityupasaṃhariṣyati | tasmādupakramopasaṃhariṣyati | tasmādupakramopasaṃhārābhyāmayamartho niścīyate paramātmaikatvapratyayadraḍhimna utpattisthitilayapratipādakāni vākyānīti |
anyathā vākyabhedaprasaṅgācca-sarvopaniṣatsu hi vijñānātmanaḥ paramātmanaikatvapratyayo vidhīyata ityavipratipattiḥ sarveṣāmupaniṣadvādinām | tadvidhyekavākyayoge ca sambhavatyutpattyādivākyānāṃ na pramāṇamasti;phalāntaraṃ ca kalpayitavyaṃ syāt;tasmādutpattyādiśrutaya ātmaikatvapratipādanaparāḥ |
atra ca sampradāyavida ākhyāyikāṃ sampracakṣate-kaścitkila rājapitro jātamātra eva mātāpitṛbhyāmapaviddho vyādhagṛhe saṃvardhitaḥ, so 'muṣya vaṃśyatāmajānanvyādhajātipratyayo vyādhajātikarmāṇyevānuvartate; na rājāsmīti rājajātikarmāṇyanuvartate | yadā punaḥ kaścitparamakāruṇiko rājaputrasya rājaśrīprāptiyogyatāṃ jānannamuṣya putratāṃ bodhayati-"na tvaṃ vyādho 'muṣya rājñaḥ putraḥ, kathañcidvyādhagṛhamanupraviṣṭaḥ"iti-sa evaṃ bodhitastyaktvā vyādhajātipratyayakarmāṇi pitṛpaitāmahīmātmanaḥ padavīmanuvartate rājāhamasmīti | tathā kilāyaṃ parasmādagnivisphuliṅgādivattajjātireva vibhakta iha dehendriyādigahane praviṣṭo 'saṃsārī san dehendriyādisaṃsāradharmamanuvartate-"dehendriyasaṅghāto 'smi kṛśaḥ sthūlaḥ sukhī duḥkhī"iti paramātmatāmajānannātmanaḥ | na tvametadātmakaḥ parameva brahmāsyasaṃsārīti pratibodhita ācāryeṇa hitvaiṣaṇātrayānuvṛttiṃ brahmaivāsmīti pratipadyate | atra rājaputrasya rājapratyayavadbrahmapratyayo dṛḍhībhavati-visphuliṅgava deva tvaṃ parasmādbrahmaṇo bhraṣṭa ityukte visphuliṅgasya prāgagnerbhraṃśādagnyekatvadarśanāt |
tasmādekatvapratyayadārḍhyāya suvarṇamaṇilohāgnivisphuliṅgadṛṣṭāntāḥ, notpattyādibhedapratipādanaparāḥ |
saindhavadhanavatprajñaptyekarasanairantaryāvadhāraṇāt"ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam"iti ca | yadi ca brahmaṇaścitrapaṭavad vṛkṣasamudrādivaccotpattyādyanekadharmavicitratā vijigrāhayiṣitā, ekarasaṃ saindhavaghanavadanantaramabāhyamiti nopasamahariṣyat,"ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam"iti ca na prāyokṣyata-"ya iha nāneva paśyati"iti nindāvacanaṃ ca | tasmādekarūpaikatvapratyayadārḍhyāyaiva sarvavedānteṣūtpattisthitilayādikalpanā, na tatpratyayakaraṇāya |
na ca niravayavasya paramātmano 'saṃsāriṇaḥ saṃsāryekadeśakalpanānyāyyā, svato 'deśatvātparamātmanaḥ | adeśasya parasya ekadeśasaṃsāritvakalpanāyāṃ para eva saṃsārīti kalpitaṃ bhavet | atha paropādhikṛta ekadeśaḥ parasya, ghaṭakarakādyākāśavat;na tadā tatra vivekināṃ paramātmaikadeśaḥ pṛthaksaṃvyavahārabhāgiti buddhirutpadyate |
avivekināṃ vivekināṃ copacaritā buddhirdṛṣṭeti cet? na;avivekināṃ mithyābuddhitvāt, vivekināṃ ca saṃvyavahāramātrālambanārthatvāt-yathā kṛṣṇo raktaścākāśa iti vivekināmapi kadācitkṛṣṇatā raktatā ca ākāśasya saṃvyavahāramātrālambanārthatvaṃ pratipadyata iti, na paramārthataḥ kṛṣṇo rakto vā ākāśo bhavitumarhati | ato na paṇḍitairbrahmasvarūpapratipattiviṣaye brahmaṇoṃ'śāṃśyekadeśaikadeśivikāravikāritvakalpanā kāryā, sarvakalpanāpanayanārthasāraparatvātsarvopaniṣadām |
ato hitvā sarvakalpanāmākāśasyeva nirviśeṣatā pratipattavyā-"ākāśavatsarvagataśca nityaḥ" "na lipyate lokaduḥkhena bāhyaḥ"ityādiśrutiśatebhyaḥ; nātmānaṃ brahmavilakṣaṇaṃ kalpayet-uṣṇātmaka ivāgnau śītaikadeśam, prakāśātmake vā savitari tamekadeśam-sarvakalpanāpanayanārthasāraparatvātsarvopaniṣadām | tasmānnāmarūpopādhinimittā eva ātmanyasaṃsāradharmiṇi sarve vyavahārāḥ;"rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva" "sarvāṇi rūpāṇi vicitya dhīro nāmāni kṛtvābhivadanyadāste"ityevamādimantravarṇebhyaḥ |
na svata ātmanaḥ saṃsāritvam, alaktakādyupādhisaṃyogajanitaraktasphaṭikādibuddhivadbhrāntameva, na paramārthataḥ | "dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva" "na vardhate karmaṇā no kanīyān" "na lipyate karmaṇā pāpakena" "samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantam" "śuni caiva śvapāke ca"ityādiśrutismṛtinyāyebhyaḥ paramātmano 'saṃsāritaiva | ata ekadeśo vikāraḥ śaktirvā vijñānātmā anyo veti vikalpayituṃ niravayavatvābhyupagame viśeṣato na śakyate | aṃśādiśrutismṛtivādāścaikatvārthāḥ, na tu bhedapratipādakāḥ, vivakṣitārthaikavākyayogāt-ityavocāma |
sarvopaniṣadāṃ paramātmaikatvajñāpanaparatve atha kimarthaṃ tatpratikūlor'tho vijñānātmabhedaḥ parikalpyata iti? karmakāṇḍaprāmāṇyavirodhaparihārāyetyekeca karmapratipādakāni hi vākyāni anekakriyākārakaphalabhoktṛkartrāśrayāṇi, vijñānātmabhedābhāve hyasaṃsāriṇa eva paramātmana ekatve kathamiṣṭaphalāsu kriyāsu pravartayeyuḥ? aniṣṭaphalābhyo vā kriyābhyo nivartayeyuḥ? kasya vā baddhasya mokṣāyopaniṣadārabhyeta? api ca paramātmaikatvāvādipakṣe kathaṃ paramātmaikatvopadeśaḥ? kathaṃ vā tadupadeśagrahaṇaphalam? baddhasya hi bandhanāśāyopadeśastadabhāva upaniṣacchāsraṃ nirviṣayameva |
evaṃ tarhi upaniṣadvādipakṣasya karmakāṇḍavādipakṣeṇa codyaparihārayoḥ samānaḥ panthāḥ-yena bhedābhāve karmakāṇḍaṃ nirālambanamātmānaṃ na labhte prāmāṇyaṃ prati tathopaniṣadapi | evaṃ tarhi yasya prāmāṇye svārthavidhāto nāsti, tasyaiva karmakāṇḍasyāstu prāmāṇyam;upaniṣadāṃ tu prāmāṇyakalpanāyāṃ svārthavighāto bhavediti mā bhūtprāmāṇyam | na hi karmakāṇḍaṃ pramāṇaṃ sadapramāṇaṃ bhavitumarhati;na hi pradīpaḥ prakāśyaṃ prakāśayati, na prakāśayati ceti | pratyakṣādipramāṇavipratiṣedhācca-na kevalamupaniṣado brahmaikatvaṃ pratipādayantyaḥ svārthavighātaṃ karmakāṇḍaprāmāṇyavighātaṃ ca kurvanti;pratyakṣādiniścitabhedapratipattyarthapramāṇaiśca virudhyante | tasmādaprāmāṇyamevopaniṣadām;anyārthatā vāstu;na tveva brahmaikatvapratipattyarthatā |
na;uktottaratvāt | pramāṇasya hi pramāṇatvamapramāṇatvaṃ vā pramotpādanānutpādananimitm, anyathā cetstambhādīnāṃ prāmāṇyaprasaṅgācchabdādau prameye | kiñcātaḥ? yadi tāvadupaniṣado brahmaikatvapratipattipramāṃ kurvanti, kathamapramāṇaṃ bhaveyuḥ? sa bhavānevaṃ vadanvaktavyaḥ-upaniṣatprāmāṇyapratiṣedhārthaṃ bhavato vākyamupaniṣatprāmāṇyapratiṣedhaṃ kiṃ na karotyevāgnirvā rūpaprakāśam? atha karoti | yadi karoti bhavatu tadā pratiṣedhārthaṃ pramāṇaṃ bhavadvākyam, agniśca rūpaprakāśako bhavet;pratiṣedhavākyaprāmāṇye bhavatyevopaniṣadāṃ prāmāṇyam | atra bhavanto bruvantu kaḥ parihāra iti?
nanvatra pratyatrā madāvākya upaniṣatprāmāṇyapratiṣedhārthapratipattiragnau ca rūpaprakāśanapratipattiḥ pramā | kastarhi bhavataḥ pradveṣo brahmaikatvapratyaye pramāṃ pratyakṣaṃ kurvatīṣūpaniṣatsūpalabhyamānāsu pratiṣedhānupapatteḥ | śokamohādinivṛttiśca pratyakṣaṃ phalaṃ brahmaikatvapratipattipāramparyajanitamityavocāma | tasmāduktottaratvādupaniṣadaṃ pratyaprāmāṇyaśaṅkā tāvannāsti | yaccoktaṃ svārthavighātakaratvādaprāmāṇyamiti, tadapi na, tadarthapratipatterbādhakābhāvāt | na hi
upaniṣadbhyaḥ-brahmaikamevādvitīyam, naiva ca-iti pratipattirasti;yathāgniruṣṇaḥ śītaścetyasmādvākyādviruddhārthadvayapratipattiḥ | abhyupagamya caitadavocāma;na tu vākyaprāmāṇyasamaya eṣanyāyaḥ-yadutaikasya vākyasyānekārthatvam | sati cānekārthatve, svārthaśca syāt, tadvighātakṛcca viruddho 'nyor'thaḥ | na tvetat-vākyapramāṇakānāṃ viruddhamaviruddhaṃ ca, evaṃ vākyam, anekamarthaṃ pratipādayatītyeṣa samayaḥ;arthaikatvādvyekavākyatā |
na ca kānicidupaniṣadvākyāni brahmaikatvapratiṣedhaṃ kurvanti | yattu, laukikaṃ vākyam-agniruṣṇaḥ śītaśceti, na tatraikavākyatā, tadekadeśasya pramāṇāntaraviṣayānuvāditvāt | agniḥ śīta ityetadekaṃ vākyam;agniruṣṇa iti tu pramāṇāntarānubhavasmārakam, na tu svayamarthāvabodhakam | ato nāgniḥ śīta ityanenaikavākyatā, pramāṇāntarānubhavasmāraṇenaivopakṣīṇatvāt | yattu viruddhārthapratipādakamidaṃ vākyamiti manyate, tacchītoṣṇapadābhyām agnipadasāmānādhikaraṇyaprayoganimittā bhrāntiḥ;na tvevaikasya vākyasyānekārthatvaṃ laukikasya vaidikasya vā |
yaccoktaṃ karmakāṇḍaprāmāṇyavighātakṛdupaniṣadvākyamiti, tanna; anyārthatvāt | brahmaikatvapratipādanaparā hyupaniṣado neṣṭārthaprāptau sādhanopadeśaṃ tasminvā puruṣaniyogaṃ vārayanti, anekārthatvānupapattereva | na ca karmakāṇḍavākyānāṃ svārthe pramā notpadyate | asādhāraṇe cetsvārthe pramāmutpādayati vākyam, kuto 'nyena virodhaḥ syāt? brahmaikatve nirviṣayatvātpramānotpadyata eveti cet? na, pratyakṣatvātpramāyāḥ | "darśapūrṇamāsābhyāṃ svargakāmo yajeta" "brāhmaṇo na hantavyaḥ"ityevamādivākyebhyaḥ pratyakṣā pramā jāyamānā; 'sā naiva bhaviṣyati, yadyupaniṣado brahmaikatvaṃ bodhayiṣyanti' ityanumānam; na cānumānaṃ pratyakṣavirodhe prāmāṇyaṃ labhate; tasmādasadevaitadgīyate-pramaiva notpadyata iti | api ca yathāprāptasyaiva avidyāpratyupasthāpitasya kriyākārakaphalasyāśrayaṇena iṣṭāniṣṭaprāptiparihāropāyasāmānye pravṛttasya tadviśeṣamajānataḥ tadācakṣāṇā śrutiḥ kriyākārakaphalabhedasya lokaprasiddhasya satyatāmasatyatāṃ vā nācaṣṭe na ca vārayati, iṣṭāniṣṭaphalaprāptiparihāropāyavidhiparatvāt |
yathā kāmyeṣu pravṛttā śrutiḥ kāmānāṃ mithyājñānaprabhavatve satyapi yathāprāptāneva kāmānupādāya tatsādhanānyeva vidhatte, na tu kāmānāṃ mithyājñānaprabhavatvādanartharūpatvaṃ ceti na vidadhāti | tathā nityāgnihotrādiśāsramapi mithyājñānaprabhavaṃ kriyākārakabhedaṃ yathāprāptamevādāya iṣṭaviśeṣaprāptimaniṣṭaviśeṣaparihāraṃ vā kimapi prayojanaṃ paśyadagnihotrādīni karmāṇi vidhatte | nāvidyāgocarāsadvastuviṣayamiti na pravartate yathā kāmyeṣu |
na ca puruṣā na pravarterannavidyāvantaḥ, dṛṣṭatvādyathā kāminaḥ |
vidyāvatāmeva karmādhikāra iti cet? na, brahmaikatvavidyāyāṃ karmādhikāravirodhasyoktatvāt | etena brahmaikatve nirviṣayatvādupadeśena tadgrahaṇaphalābhāvadoṣaparihāra ukto veditavyaḥ |
puruṣecchārāgādivaicitryācca-anekā hi puruṣāṇamicchāḥ, rāgādayaśca doṣā vicitrāḥ;tataśca bāhyaviṣayarāgādyapahṛtacetaso na śāsraṃ nivartayituṃ śaktam;nāpi svabhāvato bāhyaviṣayaviraktacetaso viṣayeṣu pravartayituṃ śaktam;kintu śāsrādetāvadeva bhavati-idamiṣṭasādhanamidamaniṣṭasādhanamiti sādhyasādhanasambandhaviśeṣābhivyaktiḥ-pradīpādivattamasi rūpādijñānam | na tu śāsraṃ bhṛtyāniva balānnivartayati niyojayati vā;dṛśyante hi puruṣā rāgādigauravācchāsramapyatikrāmantaḥ | tasmāt puruṣamativaicitryamapekṣya sādhyasādhanasambandhaviśeṣānanekadhopadiśati |
tatra puruṣāḥ svayameva yathāruci sādhanaviśeṣeṣu pravartante, śāsraṃ tu savitṛpradīpādivadudāsta eva | tathā kasyacitparo 'pi puruṣārtho 'puruṣārthavadavabhāsate; yasya yathāvabhāsaḥ, sa tathārūpaṃ puruṣārthaṃ paśyati; tadanurūpāṇi sādhanānyupāditsate | tathā cārthavādo 'pi-"trayāḥ prājāpatyāḥ prajāpatau pitari brahmacaryamūṣuḥ"ityādiḥ | tasmānna brahmaikatvaṃ jñāpayiṣyanto vedāntā vidhiśāsrasya bādhakāḥ | na ca vidhiśāsrametāvatā nirviṣayaṃ syāt |
nāpyuktakārakādibhedaṃ vidhiśāsramupaniṣadāṃ brahmaikatvaṃ prati prāmāṇyaṃ nivartayati | svaviṣayaśūrāṇi hi pramāṇāni, śrotrādivat |
tatra paṇḍitaṃmanyāḥ kecitsvacittavaśātsarvaṃ pramāṇamitaretaraviruddhaṃ manyante, tachā pratyakṣādivirodhamapi codayanti brahmaikatve-śabdādayaḥ kila śrotrādiviṣayā bhinnāḥ pratyakṣata upalabhyante, brahmaikatvaṃ bruvatāṃ pratyakṣavirodhaḥ
syāt; tathā śrotrādibhiḥ śabdādyupalabdhāraḥ kartāraśca dharmādharmayoḥ pratiśarīraṃ bhinnā anumīyante saṃsāriṇaḥ; tatra brahmaikatvaṃ bruvatāmanumānavirodhaśca | tathā ca āgamavirodhaṃ vadanti-"grāmakāmo yajeta" "paśukāmo yajeta" "svargakāmo yajeta"ityevamādivākyebhyo grāmapaśusvargādikāmāstatsādhanādyanuṣṭhātāraśca bhinnā avagamyante | atrocyate-te tu kutarkadūṣitāntaḥkaraṇā brāhmaṇādivarṇāpasadā anukampanīyā āgamārthavicchinnasampradāyabuddhaya iti | katham? śrotrādidvāraiḥ śabdādibhiḥ pratyakṣata upalabhyamānairbrahmaṇa ekatvaṃ virudhyata iti vadanto vaktavyāḥ-kiṃ śabdādīnāṃ bhedenākāśaikatvaṃ virudhyata iti;atha na viruddhyate, na tarhi pratyakṣavirodhaḥ |
yaccoktaṃ pratiśarīraṃ śabdādyupalabdhāro dharmādharmayośca kartāro bhinnā anumīyante, tathā ca brahmaikatve 'numānavirodha iti;bhinnā kairanumīyanta iti praṣṭavyāḥ;atha yadi brūyuḥ-sarvairasmābhiranumānakuśalairiti-ke yūyamanumānakuśalā ityevaṃ pṛṣṭānāṃ kimuttaram |
śarīrendriyamana ātmasu ca pratyekamanumānakauśalapratyākhyāne, śarīrendriyamanaḥsādhanā ātmāno vayamanumānakuśalāḥ, anekakārakasādhyatvātkriyāṇāmiti cet? evaṃ tarhyanumānakauśalebhavatāmanekatvaprasaṅgaḥ; anekakārakasādhyā hi kriyeti bhavadbhirevābhyupagatam | tatrānumānaṃ ca kriyā; sā śarīrendriyamana ātmasādhanaiḥ kārakairātmakartṛkā nirvartyata ityetatpratijñātam | tatra vayamanumānakuśalā ityevaṃ vadadbhiḥ-śarīrendriyamanaḥsādhanā ātmānaḥ pratyekaṃ vayamaneka ityabhyupagataṃ syāt | aho anumānakauśalaṃ darśitamapucchaśṛṅgaistārkikabalīvardaiḥ | yo hyātmānameva na jānāti sa kathaṃ mūḍhastadgataṃ vā jānīyāt? tatra kimanuminoti? kena vā liṅgena? na hyātmanaḥ svato bhedapratipādakaṃ kiñcilliṅgamasti, yena liṅgenātmabhedaṃ sādhayet; yāni liṅgānyātmabhedasādhanāya nāmarūpavantyupanyasyanti, tāni nāmarūpagatānyupādhaya evātmano ghaṭakarakāpavarakabhūcchidrāṇīvākāśasya | yadākāśasya bhedaliṅgaṃ paśyati, tadātmano 'pi bhedaliṅgaṃ labheta saḥ; na hyātmanaḥ parato 'pi viśeṣamabhyupagacchadbhistārkikaśatairapi bhedaliṅgamātmano darśayituṃ śakyate; svatastu dūrādapanītameva, aviṣayatvādātmanaḥ | yadyatpara ātmadharmatvenābhyupagacchati, tasya tasya nāmarūpābhyāṃ cātmano 'nyatvābhyupagamāt,"ākāśo vai nāma nāmarūpayornirvahitā te yadantarā tadbrahma"iti śruteḥ"nāmarūpe vyākaravāṇi"iti ca | utpattipralayātmake hi nāmarūpe, tadvilakṣaṇaṃ ca brahma-ato 'numānasyaivāviṣayatvātkuto 'numānavirodhaḥ? etenāgamavirodhaḥ pratyuktaḥ |
yaduktaṃ brahmaikatve yasmā upadeśaḥ, yasya copadeśagrahaṇaphalam, tadabhāvādekatvopadeśānarthakyamiti, tadapi na, anekakārakasādhyatvātkriyāṇāṃ kaścodyo bhavati | ekasminbrahmaṇi nirupādhike nopadeśaḥ, nopadeṣṭā, na copadeśagrahaṇaphalam; tasmādupaniṣadāṃ cānarthakyamityetadabhyupagatameva | athānekakārakaviṣayānarthakyaṃ codyate-na, svato | ñabhyupagamavirodhādātmavādinām | tasmāttārkikacāṭabhaṭarājāpraveśyam abhayaṃ durgamidamalpabuddhyagamyaṃ śāsraguruprasādarahitaiśca,"kastaṃ madāmadaṃ devaṃ madanyo jñātumarhati" "devairatrāpi vicikitsitaṃ purā" "naiṣā tarkeṇa matirāpaneyā"-varaprasādalabhyatvaśrutismṛtivādebhyaśca;"tadejati tannaijati taddūre tadvantike"ityādiviruddhadharmasamavāyitvaprakāśakamantravarṇebhyaśca |
gītāsu ca-"matsthāni sarvabhūtāni"ityādi |
tasmātparabrahmavyatirekeṇa saṃsārī nāma nānyadvastvantaramasti |
tasmātsuṣṭhūcyate"brahma vā idamagra āsīt tadātmānamevāved ahaṃ brahmāsmi" "nānyadato 'sti draṣṭṛ nānyadato 'sti śrotṛ"ityādiśrutiśatebhyaḥ |
tasmātparasyaiva brahmaṇaḥ"satyasya satyam"nāmopaniṣatparā || 20 ||
iti bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye dvitīyādhyāye prathamamajātaśatrubrāhmaṇam || 1 ||
'brahma jñapayiṣyāmi'iti prastutam;tatra yato jagajjātaṃ yanmayaṃ yasmiṃśca līyate tadekaṃ brahmeti jñāpitam | kimātmakaṃ punastajjagajjāyate, līyate ca? pañcabhūtātmakam;bhūtāni ca nāmarūpātmakāni;nāmarūpe satyamiti hyuktam;tasya satyasya pañcabhūtātmakasya satyaṃ brahma |
kathaṃ punarbhūtāni satyamiti mūrtāmūrtabrāhmaṇam | mūrtāmūrtabhūtātmakatvātkāryakaraṇātmakāni bhūtāni prāṇā api satyam | teṣāṃ kāryakaraṇātmakānāṃ bhūtānāṃ satyatvanirdidhārayiṣayā brāhmaṇadvayamārabhyate saivopaniṣadvyākhyā | kāryakaraṇasatyatvāvadhāraṇadvāreṇa hi satyasya satyaṃ brahmāvadhāryate | atroktam 'prāṇā vai satyaṃ teṣāmeṣa satyam'iti | tatra ke prāṇāḥ? kiyatyo vā prāṇaviṣayā upaniṣadaḥ? kāḥ? iti ca brahmopaniṣatprasaṅgena karaṇānāṃ prāṇānāṃ svarūpamavadhārayati-pathigatakūpārāmādyavadhāraṇavat |

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