Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣat

Complete text

THIRD ADHYÂYA

janako ha vaideho bahudakṣiṇena yajñeneje | tatra ha kurupañcālānāṃ brāhmaṇā abhisametā babhūvuḥ | tasya ha janakasya vaidehasya vijijñāsā babhūva -- kaḥ svid eṣāṃ brāhmaṇānām anūcānatama iti | sa ha gavāṃ sahasram avarurodha | daśadaśa pādā ekaikasyāḥ śṛṅgayor ābaddhā babhūvuḥ ||

FIRST BRÂHMANA
1. Adoration to the Highest Self (Paramâtman)!
Ganaka Vaideha (the king of the Videhas) sacrificed with a sacrifice at which many presents were offered to the priests of (the Asvamedha). Brâhmanas of the Kurus and the Pâñkâlas had come thither, and Ganaka Vaideha wished to know, which of those Brâhmanas was the best read. So he enclosed a thousand cows, and ten pâdas (of gold) were fastened to each pair of horns.

janako nāma ha kila samrāḍrājā babhūva videhānāṃ tatra bhavo vaidehaḥ | sa ca bahudakṣiṇena yajñena śākhāntaraprasiddho vā bahudakṣiṇo nāma yajño 'śvamedho vā dakṣiṇābāhulyādbahudakṣiṇa ihocyate teneje 'yajat | tatra tasminyajñe nimantritā darśanakāmā vā kurūṇāṃ deśānāṃ pañcālānāṃ ca brāhmaṇāsteṣu hi viduṣāṃ bāhulyaṃ prasiddhamabhisametā abhisaṃgatā babhūvuḥ | tatra mahāntaṃ vidvatsamudāyaṃ dṛṣṭvā tasya ha kila janakasya vaidehasya yajamānasya ko nu khalvatra brahmiṣṭha iti viśeṣeṇa jñātumicchā vijijñāsā babhūva | kathaṃ, kaḥsvitko nu khalveṣāṃ brāhmaṇānāmanūcānatamaḥ sarva ime 'nūcānāḥ kaḥsvideṣāmatiśayenānūcāna iti | sa hānūcānatamaviṣayotpannijijñāsaḥ saṃstadvijñānopāyārthaṃ gavāṃ sahasraṃ prathamavayasāmavarurodha goṣṭhe 'varodhaṃ kārayāmāsa |
kiṃviśiṣṭāstā gāvo 'varuddhā ityucyate |
palacaturthabhāgaḥ pādaḥ suvarṇasya |
daśa daśa pādā ekaikasyā goḥ śṛṅgayorābaddhā babhūvuḥ |
pañca pañca pādā ekaikasmiñśṛṅge || 1 ||

tān hovāca -- brāhmaṇā bhagavanto yo vo brahmiṣṭhaḥ sa etā gā udajatām iti | te ha brāhmaṇā na dadhṛṣuḥ | atha ha yājñavalkyaḥ svam eva brahmacāriṇam uvāca -- etāḥ saumyodaja sāmaśravā3 iti | tā hodācakāra | te ha brāhmaṇāś cukrudhuḥ: -- kathaṃ nu no brahmiṣṭho bruvīteti | atha ha janakasya vaidehasya hotāśvalo babhūva | sa hainaṃ papraccha -- tvaṃ nu khalu no yājñavalkya brahmiṣṭho 'sī3 iti | sa hovāca -- namo vayaṃ brahmiṣṭhāya kurmo gokāmā eva vayaṃ sma iti | taṃ ha tata eva praṣṭuṃ dadhre hotāśvalaḥ ||

2. And Ganaka spoke to them: 'Ye venerable Brâhmanas, he who among you is the wisest, let him drive away these cows.' Then those Brâhmanas durst not, but Yâgñavalkya said to his pupil: 'Drive them away, my dear.' He replied: 'O glory of the Sâman 3' and drove them away. The Brâhmanas became angry and said: 'How could he call himself the wisest among us?' Now there was Asvala, the Hotri priest of Ganaka Vaideha. He asked him: 'Are you indeed the wisest among us, O Yâgñavalkya?' He replied: 'I bow before the wisest (the best knower of Brahman), but I wish indeed to have these cows.' Then Asvala, the Hotri priest, undertook to question him.

gā evamavarudhya brāhmaṇāṃstānhovāca | he brāhmaṇā bhagavanta ityāmantratha yo vo yuṣmākaṃ brahmiṣṭhaḥ sarve yūyaṃ brahmāṇo 'tiśayena yuṣmākaṃ brahmā yaḥ sa etā gā udajatāmutkālayatu svagṛhaṃ prati | te ha brāhmaṇā na dadhṛṣuḥ ha kilaivamuktā brāhmaṇā brahmiṣṭhatāmātmanaḥ pratijñātuṃ na dadhṛpurna pragalbhāḥ saṃvṛttāḥ | apragalbhabhūteṣu brāhmaṇeṣvatha ha yājñavalkyaḥ svamātmīyameva brahmacāriṇamantevāsinamuvāca- etā gā he somyodajodgamayāsmadgṛhān prati, he sāmaśravaḥ- sāmavidhiṃ hi śṛṇotyator'yāccaturvedo yājñavalkyaḥ | tā gā hodācakārotkālitavānācāryagṛhaṃ prati | yājñavalkyena brahmiṣṭhapaṇasvīkaraṇena ātmano brahmiṣṭhatā pratijñātā, iti te ha cukrudhuḥ kruddhavanto brāhmaṇāḥ | teṣāṃ krodhābhiprāyamācaṣṭe- kathaṃ no 'smākaṃ ekaikapradhānānāṃ brahmiṣṭho 'smīti bruvīteti | atha haivaṃ kruddheṣu brāhmaṇeṣu janakasya yajamānasya hotā ṛtvigaśvalo nāma babhūva āsīt | sa enaṃ yājñavalkyam, brahmiṣṭhābhimānī rājāśrayatvāccadhṛṣṭaḥ, yājñavalkyaṃ papraccha pṛṣṭavān |
katham? tvaṃ nu khalu no yājñavalkya brahmiṣṭho 'sī 3 iti |
plutirbhartsanārthā |
sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ- namaskarmo vayaṃ brahmiṣṭhāya, idānīṃ gokāmāḥ smo vayamiti |
taṃ brahmiṣṭhapratijñaṃ santaṃ tata eva brahmiṣṭhapaṇasvīkaraṇāt praṣṭuṃ dadhre dhṛtavān mano hotā aśvalaḥ || 2 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yad idaṃ sarvaṃ mṛtyunāptaṃ sarvaṃ mṛtyunābhipannaṃ kena yajamāno mṛtyor āptim atimucyata iti | hotrartvijāgninā vācā | vāg vai yajñasya hotā | tad yeyaṃ vāk so 'yam agniḥ sa hotā sā muktiḥ sātimuktiḥ ||

1. 'Yâgñavalkya, he said, 'everything here (connected with the sacrifice) is reached by death, everything is overcome by death. By what means then is the sacrificer freed beyond the reach of death?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'By the Hotri priest, who is Agni (fire), who is speech. For speech is the Hotri of the sacrifice (or the sacrificer), and speech is Agni, and he is the Hotri. This constitutes freedom, and perfect freedom (from death).'

yājñavalkyeti hovāca | tatra madhukāṇḍe pāḍaktena karmaṇā darśanasaptuccitena yajamānasya mṛtyoratyayo vyākhyāta udgīthaprakaraṇe saṅkṣepataḥ | tasyaiva parīkṣāviṣayo 'yamititadgatadarśanaviśeṣārtho 'yaṃ vistara ārabhyate | yadidaṃ sādhanajātam asya karmaṇa ṛtvigagnyādi mṛtyunā karmalakṣaṇena svābhāvikāsaṅgasahitena āptaṃ jyāptam, na kevalaṃ vyāptamabhiṣannaṃ ca mṛtyunā baśīkṛtaṃ ca | kena darśanalakṣaṇena sādhanena yajamāno mṛtyorāptimati mṛtyugacaratvam atikramya mucyate svatantro mṛtyoravaśo bhavatītyarthaḥ | nanūdgītha evābhihitaṃ yenātimucyatemukhyaprāṇātmadarśaneneti | bāḍhamuktam, yo 'nukto viśeṣastatra, tadartho 'yamārambha ityadoṣaḥ | hotrartvijāgninā vācetyāha yājñavalkyaḥ | etasyārthaṃvyācaṣṭe | kaḥ punarhetā yena mṛtyumatikāmati? ityucyate-vāgvai yajñasya yajamānasya"yajño vai yajamānaḥ"iti śruteḥ | yajñasya yajamānasya yāvāksaiva hotādhiyajñe | katham? tatatrayeyaṃvanga yajñasyayajamānasya so 'yaṃ prasiddho 'gniradhidaivatam | tadetatvyannaprakaraṇevyākhyātam | sa cāgnirhetā"agnirvai hotā"iti śruteḥ | yadetad yajñasya sādhanadvayamhotā catviṅg adhiyajñam, adhyātmaṃ ca vāk etadubhayaṃ sādhanadvayaṃ paricchinnaṃ mṛtyunā āptaṃ svābhāvikājñānāsaṅgaprayuktena karmaṇā mṛtyunā pratikṣaṇamanyathātvamāpadyamānaṃ vaśīkṛtam | tad anenādhidaivatarūpeṇāgninā'dṛśyamānaṃ'yajamānasya yajñasya sṛtyoratimuktaye bhavati | tadetadāha-sa muktiḥ sa hotā agnirmuktiḥ, agnisvarūpadarśanameva muktiḥ | yadaiva sādhanadvayamagnirūpeṇa gaśyati, tadānīmeva hi svābhāvikādāsaṅgānmṛtyorvimucyate ādhyātmikāt paricchinnarūpādādhibhautikācca | tasmāt sa hotā agnirūpeṇa dṛṣṭo muktirmuktisādhanaṃ yajamānasya | sā atimuktiḥ-yaiva ca muktiḥ sātimuktiḥ, atimuktisādhanamityarthaḥ | sādhanadvayasya paricchinnasya yā adhidevatārūpeṇāparicchinnenāgnirūpeṇa dṛṣṭiḥ, sā muktiḥ | yāsau muktiradhidevatādṛṣṭiḥ saiva, adhyātmādhibhūtaparicchedaviṣayāsaṅgāspadaṃ mṛtyumatikramya adhidevatātvasyāgnibhāvasya prāptiryā phalabhūtā, sā atimuktirityucyate | tasyā atimuktermuktireva sādhanamiti kṛtvā sā atimuktirityāha | yajamānasya hyatimuktirvāgādīnāmagnyādibhāva ityudgīthaprakaraṇe vyākhyātam | tatra sāmānyena mukhyaprāṇadarśanamātraṃ muktisādhanamuktam, na tadviśeṣaḥ | vāgādīnām agnyādidarśanamiha viśeṣo varṇyate | mṛtyuprāptyatimuktistu saiva phalabhūtā, yodgīthabrāhmaṇena vyākhyātā -'mṛtyupratikrānto dīpyate'(1 | 3 | 12) ityādyā || 3 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yad idaṃ sarvam ahorātrābhyām āptaṃ sarvam ahorātrābhyām abhipannaṃ kena yajamāno 'horātrayor āptim atimucyata iti | adhvaryuṇartvijā cakṣuṣādityena | cakṣur vai yajñasyādhvaryuḥ | tad yad idaṃ cakṣuḥ so 'sāv ādityaḥ | so 'dhvaryuḥ sā muktiḥ sātimuktiḥ ||

4. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'everything here is reached by day and night, everything is overcome by day and night. By what means then is the sacrificer freed beyond the reach of day and night?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'By the Adhvaryu priest, who is the eye, who is Âditya (the sun). For the eye is the Adhvaryu of the sacrifice, and the eye is the sun, and he is the Adhvaryu. This constitutes freedom, and perfect freedom.'

yājñavalkyeti hovāca | svābhāvikādajñānāsaṅgaprayuktāt karmalakṣaṇānmṛtyoratimuktirvyākhyātā | tasya karmaṇaḥ sāsaṅgasya mṛtyorāśrayabhūtānāṃ darśapūrṇamāsādikarmasādhanānāṃ yo vipariṇāmahetuḥ kālaḥ, tasmāt kālāt pṛthagatinuṣṭhānavyatirekeṇāpi prāgūrdhvaṃ ca kriyāyāḥ sādhanavipariṇāmahetutvena vyāpāradarśanāt kālasya | tasmāt pṛthakkālādatimuktirvaktavyetyata āha- yadidaṃ sarvamahorātrābhyāmāptam, sa ca kālo dvirūpaḥ - ahorātrādilakṣaṇāḥ, tithyādilakṣaṇaśca | tatrāhorātrādilakṣaṇāttāvadatimuktimāha - ahorātrābhyāṃ hi sarvaṃ jāyate vardhate vinaśyati ca, tathā yajñasādhanaṃ ca | yajñasya yajamānasya cakṣuradhvaryuśca |
śiṣṭānyakṣarāṇi pūrvavanneyāni |
yajamānasya cakṣuradhvaryuśca sādhanadvayamadhyātmādhibhūtaparicchedaṃ hitvā adhidaivatātmanā dṛṣṭaṃ yat sa muktiḥ so 'dhvaryurādityabhāvena dṛṣṭo muktiḥ |
saiva muktirevātimuktiriti |
pūrvavat ādityātmabhāvamāpannasya hi nāhorātre sambhavataḥ || 4 ||
idānīṃ tithyādilakṣaṇādatimuktirucyate-

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yad idaṃ sarvaṃ pūrvapakṣāparapakṣābhyām āptaṃ sarvaṃ pūrvapakṣāparapakṣābhyām abhipannaṃ kena yajamānaḥ pūrvapakṣāparapakṣayor āptim atimucyata iti | udgātrartvijā vayunā prāṇena | prāṇo vai yajñasyodgātā | tad yo 'yaṃ prāṇaḥ sa vāyuḥ sa udgātā | sa muktiḥ sātimuktiḥ ||

5. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'everything here is reached by the waxing and waning of the moon, everything is overcome by the waxing and waning of the moon. By what means then is the sacrificer freed beyond the reach of the waxing and waning of the moon?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'By the Udgâtri priest, who is Vâyu (the wind), who is the breath. For the breath is the Udgâtri of the sacrifice, and the breath is the wind, and he is the Udgâtri. This constitutes freedom, and perfect freedom.'

idānīṃ tithyādilakṣaṇādatimuktirūcyate-yadidaṃ sarvam - ahorātrayoraviśiṣṭayorādityaḥ kartā, na prati padādīnāṃ tithīnām;tāsāṃ tu vṛddhikṣayopagamanenapratipatprabhṛtīnāṃ candramāḥ kartā | atastadāpācyā pūrvapakṣāparapakṣātyayaḥ, ādityāpacyā ahorātrātyayavat | tatra yajamānasya prāṇo vāyuḥ, sa evaudgātā - ityudgīthabrāhmaṇe 'vagatam'vācā ca hyeva sa prāṇena codagāyat'iti ca nirdhāritam | 'athaitasya prāṇasyāpaḥ śarīraṃ jyotīrūpamasau candraḥ'iti ca | prāṇāvāyucandramasāmekatvāccandramasā vāyunā copasaṃhāre na kaścid viśeṣaḥ | evaṃ manyamānā śrutirvāyunā adhidaivatarūpeṇopasaṃharati | api ca vāyunimittau hi vṛddhikṣayau candramasaḥ |
tena tithyādilakṣaṇasya kālasya karturapi kārayitā vāyuḥ |
ato vāyurūpāpannastithyādikālādatīto bhavatītyupapannataraṃ bhavati |
tena śrutyantare candrarūpeṇa dṛṣṭirmuktiratimuktiśca |
iha tu kāṇvānāṃ sādhanadvayasya tatkāraṇarūpeṇa vāyvātmanā dṛṣṭirmuktiratimuktiśceti na śrutyorvirodhaḥ || 5 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yad idam antarikṣam anārambaṇam iva kenākrameṇa yajamānaḥ svargaṃ lokam ākramata iti | brahmaṇartvijā manasā candreṇa | mano vai yajñasya brahmā | tad yad idaṃ manaḥ so 'sau candraḥ sa brahmā sa muktiḥ sātimuktir ity atimokṣā | atha saṃpadaḥ ||

6. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'this sky is, as it were, without an ascent (staircase.) By what approach does the sacrificer approach the Svarga world?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'By the Brahman priest, who is the mind (manas), who is the moon. For the mind is the Brahman of the sacrifice, and the mind is the moon, and he is the Brahman. This constitutes freedom, and perfect freedom. These are the complete deliverances (from death).' Next follow the achievements.

mṛtyoḥ kālādatimuktirvyākhyātā yajamānasya | so 'timucyamānaḥ kenāvaṣṭambhena paricchedaviṣayaṃ mṛtyumatotya phalaṃ prāpnotyatimucyata ityucyate | yadidaṃ prasiddhamantarikṣamākāśo 'nārambaṇamanālambanamivaśabdādastyeva tatrā'lambanaṃ tattu na jñāyata ityabhiprāyaḥ | yattu tadajñāyamānamālambanaṃ tatsarvanāmnā keneti pṛcchyate | anyathā phalaprāpterasaṃbhavāt | yenāvaṣṭambhenā'krameṇa yajamānaḥ karmaphalaṃ pratipadyamāno 'timucyate kiṃ taditi praśnaviṣaya | kenā'krameṇa yajamānaḥ svargaṃ lokamākramata iti svargaṃ lokaṃ phalaṃ prāpnotyatimucyata ityarthaḥ | brahmaṇartvijā manasā candreṇetyakṣaranyāsaḥ pūrvavat | tatrādhyātmaṃ yajñasya yajamānasya yadidaṃ prasiddhaṃ manaḥ so 'sau candro 'dhidaivatam | mano 'dhyātmaṃ candramā adhidaivatamiti hi prasiddham | sa eva candramā brahmartviktenādhibhūtaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ paricchinnaṃ rūpamadhyātmaṃ ca manasa etaddvayamaparicchinnena candramaso rūpeṇa paśyati | tena candramasā manasāvalambanena karmaphalaṃ svargaṃ lokaṃ prāpnotyatimucyata ityabhiprāyaḥ | itītyupasaṃhārāthaṃ vacanam | ityevaṃprakārā mṛtyoratimokṣāḥ | sarvāṃṇi hi darśanaprakārāṇi yajñāṅgaviṣayāṇyasminnavasara uktānīti kṛtvopasaṃhāra ityatimokṣāḥ | evaṃprakārā atimokṣā ityarthaḥ | atha saṃpadaḥ | athādhunā saṃpada ucyante | saṃpannāma kenacitsāmānyenāgnihotrādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ mahatāṃ phalavatāṃ tatphalāya saṃpādanaṃ saṃpat | phalasyaiva vā sarvotsāhena phalasādhanānuṣṭhāne prayatatāṃ kenacidvaiguṇyenāsaṃbhavaḥ |
tadidānīmāhitāgniḥ sanyatkiñcitkarmāgnihotrādīnāṃ yathāsaṃbhavamādāyā'lambanīkṛtya karmaphalavidvattāyāṃ satyāṃ yatkarmaphalakāmo bhavati tadeva saṃpādayati |
anyathā rājasūyāśvamedhapuruṣamedhasarvamedhalakṣaṇānāmadhikṛtānāṃ traivarṇikānāmapyasaṃbhavasteṣāṃ tatpāṭhaḥ svādhyāyārtha eva kevalaḥ syāt |
yadi tatphalaprāptyupāyaḥ kaścana na syāt |
tasmātteṣāṃ sepadaiva tatphalaprāptistasmātsaṃpadāmapi phalavattvamataḥ saṃpada ārabhyante || 6 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- katibhir ayam adyargbhir hotāsmin yajñe kariṣyatīti | tisṛbhir iti | katamās tās tisra iti | puronuvākyā ca yājyā ca śasyaiva tṛtīyā | kiṃ tābhir jayatīti | yat kiñcedaṃ prāṇabhṛd iti ||

7. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'how many Rik verses will the Hotri priest employ to-day at this sacrifice?' 'Three,' replied Yâgñavalkya. 'And what are these three?' 'Those which are called Puronuvâkyâ, Yâgyâ, and, thirdly, Sasyâ.' 'What does he gain by them?' 'All whatsoever has breath.'

yājñavalkyeti hovāca abhimukhīkaraṇāya | katibhirayamadyargbhirhetāsmin yajñe katibhiḥ katisaṅkhyābhirṛgbhirṛgjātibhiḥ ayaṃhotartvigasmin yajñe kariṣyati śastraṃ śaṃsati | āhetaraḥ-tisṛbhirṛgjātibhiḥ | ityukkavantaṃ pratyā hetaraḥ-katamāstāstistra iti | saṅkhyeyaviṣayo 'yaṃ praśnaḥ, pūrvastu saṅkhyāviṣayaḥ | puronuvākyāca-prāgyāgaphālād yāḥ prayujyante ṛcaḥ, sā ṛgjātiḥ puronuvākyetyucyate |
yāgārthaṃ yāḥ prayujyante ṛcaḥ, sā ṛgjātiryājyā |
śastrārthaṃ yāḥ prayujyante ṛcaḥ, sā ṛgjātiḥ śasyā |
sarvāstu yāḥ kāścana ṛcaḥ;tāḥ stotriyā vā anyā vā sarvā etāsveva tisṛṣu ṛgjātiṣvantarbhavanti |
kiṃ tābhirjayatīti yatkiñcedaṃ prāṇabhṛditi-ataścasaṅkhyāsāmānyād yatkiñcitprāṇabhṛjjātama, tat sarvaṃ jayati tat sarvaṃ phalajātaṃ sampādayati saṅkhyādisāmānyena || 7 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- katy ayam adyādhvaryur asmin yajña āhutīr hoṣyatīti | tisra iti | katamās tās tisra iti | yā hutā ujjvalanti yā hutā atinedanti yā hutā adhiśerate | kiṃ tābhir jayatīti | yā hutā ujjvalanti devalokam eva tābhir jayati | dīpyata iva hi devaloko | yā hutā atinedante pitṛlokam eva tābhir jayati | atīva hi pitṛlokaḥ | yā hutā adhiśerate manuṣyalokam eva tābhir jayatyi | adha iva hi manuṣyalokaḥ ||

8. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'how many oblations (âhuti) will the Adhvaryu priest employ to-day at this sacrifice?' 'Three,' replied Yâgñavalkya. 'And what are these three?' 'Those which, when offered, flame up; those which, when offered, make an excessive noise; and those which, when offered, sink down.' 'What does he gain by them?' 'By those which, when offered, flame up, he gains the Deva (god) world, for the Deva world flames up, as it were. By those which, when offered, make an excessive noise, he gains the Pitri (father) world, for the Pitri world is excessively (noisy). By those which, when offered, sink down, he gains the Manushya (man) world, for the Manushya world is, as it were, down below.'

yājñavalkyeti hovāveti pūrvavat | katyayamadyādhvaryurasmin yajña āhutīrheṣyatīti, katyāhutiprakārāḥ? tastra iti, katamāstāstistra iti pūrvavat | itara āha-yā hūtā ujjvalanti samidājyāhutayaḥ yā hutā atinedante 'tīva śabdaṃ kuvanti māsādyāhutayaḥ, yā hutā adhiśerate 'dhyādho gatvā bhūmeradhiśerate payaḥsomāhutayaḥ | kiṃ tābhirjayatīti, tābhirevaṃ nirvartitābhirāhutibhiḥ kiṃ jayatīti | yā āhutayo hutā ujjvalantyujjvalanayuktā āhutayo nirvartitāḥ, phalaṃ ca devalokākhyamujjvalameva, tena sāmānyena yā mayatā ujjvalantya āhutayo nirvartyamānāstā etāḥ sākṣāddevalokasya karmaphalasyarūpaṃ devalokākhyaṃ phalameva mayā nirvartyata ityevaṃ sampādayati | yā hutā atinedante āhutayaḥ pitṛlokameva tābhirjayati kutsitaśabdakartṛtvasāmānyena | pitṛlokameva tābhirjayati kutsitaśabdakartṛtvasāmānyena | pitṛlokasambaddhāyāṃ hi saṃyamanyāṃ puryāṃ vaivasvatena yātyamānānāṃ'hā hatāḥ sma muñca muñca'iti śabdobhavati | tathāvadānāhutayaḥ tena pitṛlokasāmānyāt pitṛloka eva mayā nirvartyata iti sampādayati | yā hutā adhiśerate manuṣyalokameva tāmijayati bhūmyupari sambandhasāmānyāt | adha iva hyagha eva hi manuṣyalokaḥ uparitanān sādhyāṃllokānapekṣya, athavādhogamanamapekṣya |
ato manuṣyaloka eva mayā nirvartyata iti sampādayati |
yā hutā adhiśerate manuṣyalokameva tābhijayati bhūmyupari sambandhasāmānyāt |
adha iva hyadha eva hi manuṣyalokaḥ uparitanān sādhyāṃllokānapekṣya, athavādhogamanamapekṣya |
ato manuṣyaloka eva mayā nirvartyata iti sampādayati payaḥsomāhutinirvartanakāle || 8 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- katibhir ayam adya brahmā yajñaṃ dakṣiṇato devatābhir gopāyatīti | ekayeti | katamā saiketi | mana eveti | anantaṃ vai mano 'nantā viśve devāḥ | anantam eva sa tena lokaṃ jayati ||

9. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'with how many deities does the Brahman priest on the right protect to-day this sacrifice?' 'By one,' replied Yâgñavalkya. 'And which is it?' 'The mind alone; for the mind is endless, and the Visvedevas are endless, and he thereby gains the endless world.'

yājñavalkyeti hovāceti pūrvavat | ayamṛtvigbrahmā dakṣiṇato brahmāsane sthitvā yajñaṃ gopāyati | katibhirdevatābhirgopāyatīti prāsaṅgikametadvahuvacanam | ekayā hi devatayā gopāyatyasau | evaṃ jñāte bahuvacanena praśno nopapadyate svayaṃ jānatastasmātpūrvayoḥ kaṇḍikayoḥ praśnaprativacaneṣu katibhiḥ kati tisṛbhististra iti prasaṅgaṃ dṛṣṭvehāpi bahuvacanenaiva praśnopakramaḥ kriyate | athavā prativādivyāmohārtha bahuvacanam | itara āhaikayetyekā sā devatā yayā dakṣiṇataḥ sthitvā brahmā'sane yajñaṃ gopāyati | katamā saiketi | mana eveti manaḥ sā devatā | manasā hi brahmā vyāpriyate dhyānenaiva | "tasya yajñasya manaśca vākca vartanī tayoranyatarāṃ manasā saṃskaroti brahmā"(cha.u.4 | 16 | 1) iti śrutyantarāt | tena mana eva devatā tayā manasā hi gopāyati brahmā yajñam | tacca mano vṛttibhedenānantam |
vaiśabdaḥ prasiddhāvadyotanārthaḥ |
prasiddhaṃ manasa ānantyma |
tadānantyābhimānino devāḥ,"sarve devā yatraikaṃ bhavanti"ityādiśrutyantarāt |
tenānantyasāmānyādanantameva sa tena lokaṃ jayati || 9 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- katy ayam adyodgātāsmin yajñe stotriyāḥ stoṣyatīti | tisra iti | katamās tās tisra iti | puronuvākyā ca yājyā ca śasyaiva tṛtīyā | katamās tāḥ | yā adhyātmam iti | prāṇa eva puronuvākyāpāno yājyā vyānaḥ śasyā | kiṃ tābhir jayatīti | pṛthivīlokam eva puronuvākyayā jayaty antarikṣalokaṃ yājyayā dyulokaṃ śasyayā | tato ha hotāśvala upararāma ||

10. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'how many Stotriyâ hymns will the Udgâtri priest employ to-day at this sacrifice?' 'Three,' replied Yâgñavalkya. 'And what are these three?' 'Those which are called Puronuvâkyâ, Yâgyâ, and, thirdly, Sasyâ.' 'And what are these with regard to the body (adhyâtmam)?' 'The Puronuvâkyâ is Prâna (up-breathing), the Yâgyâ the Apâna (down-breathing), the Sasyâ the Vyâna (back-breathing).' 'What does he gain by them?' 'He gains the earth by the Puronuvâkyâ, the sky by the Yâgyâ, heaven by the Sasyâ.' After that Asvala held his peace.

yājñavalkyeti hovāceti pūrvavat | kati stotriyāḥ stopyatītyayamudgātā | stotriyā nāma ṛksāmasamudāyaḥ katipayānāmṛcām | stotriyāvāśamyāvāyāḥ kāścana ṛcaḥ, tā sarvāstistra evetyāha | tāśca vyākhyātāḥ- muronuvākyā ca yājyā ca śasyaiva tṛtīyeti | tatra pūrvamuktam - yatkiñcedaṃ prāṇabhṛta sarve jayatīti tat kena sāmānyena? ityucyate - katamāstāstistra ṛco yā adhyātmaṃ bhavantīti | prāṇa eva puronuvākyā, paśabdasāmānyāt | avāno yājyā, ānantaryāt | apānena hi prattaṃ havirdevatā grasanti, yāgaśca pradānam | vyānaḥśasyā -"aprāṇannanapānannṛcamabhivyāharati"(cha. u. 1 | 3 | 4) | iti śratyantarāt | kiṃ tābhirjayatīti vyākhyātam |
tatra viśeṣasambandhasāmānyamanuktamihocyate, sarvamanyad vyākhyātam |
lokasambandhasāmānyena pṛthivīlokamevapuronuvākyayā jayati, antarikṣalokaṃ yājyayā, madhyamatvasāmānyāt |
dyulokaṃśasyayordhvatvasāmānyāt |
tato ha tasmādātmanaḥ praśnanirṇayādasau hotā aśvala upararāma nāyamasmadgecara iti || 10 ||
iti tṛtīyādhyāye prathamamaśvalabrāhmaṇam || 1 ||
ākhyāyikāsambandhaḥ prasiddha eva | mṛtyoratimuktirvyākhyātā kālalakṣaṇāt karmalakṣaṇācca | kaḥ punarasau mṛtyuryasmādatimuktirvyākhyātā? sa ca svābhāvikājñānāsaṅgāspado 'dhyātmādhibhūtāviṣayaparicchinno grahātigrahalakṣaṇo mṛtyuḥ | tasmāt paricchinnarūpānmṛtyoratimuktasya rūpāṇyaganyādityādīnyudgīthaprakaraṇe vyākhyātāni | aśvalapraśnecatadgato viśeṣaḥ kaścit | taccaitat karmaṇāṃ jñānasahitānāṃ phalam | etasmāt sādhyasādhanarūpāt saṃsārānmokṣaḥ kartavya ityatobandhanarūpasyamṛtyoḥ svarūpamucyate | baddhasya hi mokṣaḥ kartavyaḥ | yadapyatimuktasya svarūpamuktaṃ tatrāpi grahātigrahābhyāmavinirmukta eva mṛtyurūpābhyām | tathā coktaṃ"aśanāyāhimṛtyuḥ"(bṛ.u.1 | 2 | 1) "eṣa eva mṛtyuḥ"iti | ādityasthaṃ puruṣamaṅgīkṛtyāha"eko mṛtyurvahavā"iti ca | tadātmabhāvāpanno hi mṛtyorāptimatimucyata ityucyate | na ca tatra grahātigrahau mṛtyurūpau nastaḥ | "athaitasya manaso dyauḥ śarīraṃ jyotīrūpamasāvādityaḥ"(bṛ. u. 1 | 5 | 12) 'manaśva'grahaḥ sa kāmenātigrāheṇa gṛhītaḥ"(3 | 2 | 7) iti, vakṣyati"prāṇo vai grahaḥ so 'pānenātigrāheṇa"(3 | 2 | 2) iti,"vāgvai grahaḥ sa nāmnātigrāheṇa"(3 | 2 | 3) iti ca | tathā vyannavibhāge vyākhyātamasmābhiḥ | suvicāritaṃ caitad yadeva pravṛttikāraṇaṃ tadeva nivṛttikāraṇaṃ na bhavatīti | kecittu sarvameva nivṛttikāraṇaṃ manyante | ataḥ kāgṇāt pūrvasmātpūrvasmānmṛtyormucyate uttaramuttaraṃ pratipadyamāno vyāvṛttyarthameva prati padyate na tu tādarthyam, ityata ā dvaitakṣayāta sarvaṃ mṛtyuḥ, dvainakṣaye tu paramārthatā mṛtyorāptimatimucyate | ataśca āpekṣikī gauṇī muktirantarāle | sarvametad evat abārhadāraṇyakam | nanu sarvaikatvaṃ mokṣaḥ"tasmāttatsarvamabhavat"(bṛ. u. 1 | 4 | 10) iti śruteḥ | bāḍhaṃ bhavatyetadapi, natu"grāmakāmo yajeta, paśukāmo yajeta"ityādiśrutīnāṃ tādarthyam | yadi hyadvaitārthatvameva āsāṃ grāmapaśusvargādyarthatvaṃ nāstīti grāmapaśusvargādayo na gṛhyeran, gṛhyante tu karmaphalavaicitryaviśeṣāḥ | yadi ca vaidikānāṃ karmaṇāṃ tādarthyameva, saṃsāra eva nābhaviṣyat | atha tādarthye 'pi anuniṣpāditapadārthasvabhāvaḥ saṃsāra iti cet | yathā ca rūpadarśanārtha āloke sarvo 'pi tatrasthaḥ prakāśyata eva | na;pramāṇānupapatteḥ | advaitārthatve vaidikānāṃ karmaṇāṃ vidyāsahitānām anyaspānuniṣpāditatve pramāṇānupapattiḥ | na pratyakṣaṃ nānumānamata eva ca nāgamaḥ | ubhayam ekena vākyena pradarśyata iti cet kulyāpraṇayanālokādivat | tannevam;vākyadharmānupapatteḥ | na ca ekavākyagatasyārthasya pravṛttinivṛttisādhanatvamavagantuṃ śakyate | kulyāpraṇayanālokādāvarthasya pratyakṣatvādadoṣaḥ | yadapyucyate mantrā asminnartheḥ dṛṣṭā iti | ayameva tu tāvadarthaḥ pramāṇāgamyaḥ | mantrāḥ punaḥ kim asminnartha āhosvidanyasminnartha iti mṛgyametat | tasmād grahātiprahalakṣaṇo mṛtyurbandhaḥ, tasmānbhokṣo vaktavya ityata idamārabhyate na ca jānīmo viṣayasandhāvivāntarāle 'vasthānamardhajaratīyaṃ kauśalam | yattu mṛtyoratimucyata ityukatvā grahātigrahāvucyete, tacvarthasambandhāt | sarvo 'yaṃ sādhyasādhanalakṣaṇo bandhaḥ, grahātigrahāvinirmokāt | nigaḍe hi nirjñāte nigaḍitasya mokṣāya yatnaḥ kartavyo bhavati;tasmātādarthyenārambhaḥ |

atha hainaṃ jāratkārava ārtabhāgaḥ papraccha | yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- kati grahāḥ katy atigrahā iti | aṣṭau grahā aṣṭāv atigrahā iti | ye te 'ṣṭau grahā aṣṭāv atigrahāḥ katame ta iti ||

SECOND BRÂHMANA
1. Then Gâratkârava Ârtabhâga asked. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'how many Grahas are there, and how many Atigrahas 3?' 'Eight Grahas,' he replied,' and eight Atigrahas.' 'And what are these eight Grahas and eight Atigrahas?'

atha hainaṃ haśabda aitihyārthaḥ | athānantaramaśvala uparate prakṛtaṃ yājñavalkyaṃ jaratkārugotro jāratkārava ṛtabhāgasyāpatyamārtabhāgaḥ papraccha yājñavalkyeti hovācetyabhimukhokaraṇāya | pūrvavatpraśnaḥ kati grahāḥ katyatigrahā iti | itiśabdo vākyaparisamāptyarthaḥ | tatra nirjñāteṣu vā grahātigraheṣu praśnaḥ syādanirjñāteṣu vā | yadi tāvadgrahā atigrahāśca nirjñātāstadā tadgatasyāpi guṇasya saṃkhyāyā nijñātatvātkati grahāḥ katyatigrahā iti saṃkhyāviṣayaḥ praśno nopapadyate | athanirjñātāstadā saṃkhyeyaviṣayapraśna iti ke grahāḥ ke 'tigrahā iti praṣṭavyaṃ na tu kati grahāḥ katyatigrahā iti praśnaḥ | api ca nirjñātasāmānyakeśu viśeṣavijñānāya praśno bhavati yathā katame 'tra kaṭhāḥ katame 'tra kālāpā iti | na cātra grahātigrahā nāma padārthāḥ kecana loke prasiddhāḥ | yena viśeṣārthaḥ praśnaḥ syāt | nanu cātimucyata ityuktaṃ grahagṛhotasya hi mokṣaḥ sa muktiḥ sātimuktiriti hi dviruktam | tasmātprāptā grahā atigrahāśca | nanu tatrāpi catvāro grahā atigrahāśca nirjñātā vākcakṣuḥ prāṇamanāṃsi tatra katīti praśno nopapadyate nirjñātatvāt | na | anavadhāraṇārthatvāt | na hi catuṣṭvaṃ tatra vivakṣitamiha tu grahātigrahādarśane 'ṣṭhatvaguṇavivakṣayā katoti praśna upapadyata eva |
tasmātsa muktiḥ sātimuktiriti muktyatiktī dvirukte grahātigrahā api siddhāḥ |
ataḥ katisaṃkhyākā grahāḥ kati vātigrahā iti pṛcchati |
itara āha-aṣṭau grahā aṣṭāvatigrahā iti |
ye te 'ṣṭau grahā abhihitāḥ katame te niyamena grahītavyā iti || 1 ||

prāṇo vai grahaḥ | so 'pānenātigraheṇa gṛhītaḥ | prāṇena hi gandhāñ jighrati ||

2. 'Prâna (breath) is one Graha, and that is seized by Apâna (down-breathing) as the Atigrâha, for one smells with the Apâna.'

tatrā'ha | prāṇo vai grahaḥ prāṇa iti ghrāṇamucyate | prakaraṇāt | vāyusahitaḥ saḥ |
apāneneti gandhenetyetat |
apānasacivatvādapāno gandha ucyate |
apānopahṛtaṃ hi gandhaṃ ghrāṇena sarvo loko jighrati |
tadetaducyate 'pānena hi gandhāñjighratīti || 2 ||

vāg vai grahaḥ | sa nāmnātigraheṇa gṛhītaḥ | vācā hi nāmāny abhivadati ||

3. 'Speech (vâk) is one Graha, and that is seized by name (nâman) as the Atigrâha, for with speech one pronounces names.

jihvā vai grahaḥ | sa rasenātigraheṇa gṛhītaḥ | jihvayā hi rasān vijānāti ||

4. 'The tongue is one Graha, and that is seized by taste as the Atigrâha, for with the tongue one perceives tastes.'

cakṣur vai grahaḥ | sa rūpeṇātigraheṇa gṛhītaḥ | cakṣuṣā hi rūpāṇi paśyati ||

5. 'The eye is one Graha, and that is seized by form as the Atigrâha, for with the eye one sees forms.'

śrotraṃ vai grahaḥ | sa śabdenātigraheṇa gṛhītaḥ | śrotreṇa hi śabdāñ śṛṇoti ||

6. 'The ear is one Graha, and that is seized by sound as the Atigrâha, for with the ear one hears sounds.'

mano vai grahaḥ | sa kāmenātigraheṇa gṛhītaḥ | manasā hi kāmān kāmayate ||

7. 'The mind is one Graha, and that is seized by desire as the Atigrâha, for with the mind one desires desires.'

hastau vai grahaḥ | sa karmaṇātigraheṇa gṛhītaḥ | hastābhyāṃ hi karma karoti ||

8. 'The arms are one Graha, and these are seized by work as the Atigrâha, for with the arms one works work.'

tvag vai grahaḥ | sa sparśenātigraheṇa gṛhītaḥ | tvacā hi sparśān vedayata | ity aṣṭau grahā aṣṭāv atigrahāḥ ||

9. 'The skin is one Graha, and that is seized by touch as the Atigrâha, for with the skin one perceives touch. These are the eight Grahas and the eight Atigrahas.'

vāgvai grahaḥ | vācā hyadhyātmaparicchinnayā'saṅgaviṣayāspadayāsatyānṛtāsabhyabībhatsād ivacaneṣu vyāpṛtayā gṛhīto loko 'pahṛtastena | vāggrahaḥ sa nāmnātigrāreṇa gṛhītaḥ sa vāgākhyo graho nāmnā vaktavyena viṣayeṇātigraheṇa atigrāheṇeti daighyaṃ chāndasaṃ nāma vaktavyārthā hi vāktena vaktavyenārthena tādarthyena prayuktā vāktena vaśīkṛtā tena tatkāryamakṛtvā naiva tasyā mokṣaḥ |
ato nāmnātigrāheṇa gṛhītā vāgityucyate |
vaktavyāsaṅgena hi pravṛttā sarvānarthairyujyate |
samānamanyat |
ityete tvakparyantā aṣṭau grahāḥ sparśaparyantāścaite 'ṣṭāvatigrahā iti || 3-9 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yad idaṃ sarvaṃ mṛtyor annaṃ kā svit sā devatā yasyā mṛtyur annam iti | agnir vai mṛtyuḥ so 'pām annam | apa punarmṛtyuṃ jayati ||

10. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'everything is the food of death. What then is the deity to whom death is food?' 'Fire (agni) is death, and that is the food of water. Death is conquered again.'

upasaṃhṛteṣu grahātigraheṣvāha punaḥ - yājñavalkyeti hovāca | yadidaṃ sarvaṃ mṛtyorannaṃ yadidaṃ vyākṛtaṃ sarvaṃ mṛtyorannaṃ sarvaṃ jāyate vipadyate ca grahātigrahalakṣaṇena mṛtyunā grastam | kāsvitkā nu syātsā devatā yasyā devatāyā mṛtyurapyannaṃ bhavet | "mṛtyuryasyopasecanam"iti śrutyantarāt | ayamabhiprāyaḥ praṣṭuḥ | yadi mṛtyormṛtyuṃ vakṣyatyanavasthā syāt | atha na vakṣyatyasmādgrahātigrahalakṣaṇānmṛtyormokṣo nopapadyate | grahātigrahamṛtyuvināśe hi mokṣaḥ yāt | sa yadi mṛtyorapi mṛtyuḥ syādbhavedgrahātigrahalakṣaṇasya mṛtyorvināśaḥ ato durvacanaṃ praśnaṃ manvānaḥ pṛcchati kāsvitsā devateti | asti tāvanmṛtyormṛtyuḥ | nanvanavasthā syāttasyāpyanyo mṛtyuriti | nānavasthā | sarvamṛtyormṛtyvantarānupapatteḥ | kathaṃ punaravagamyate 'sti mṛtyormṛtyuriti | dṛṣṭatvāt | agnistāvatsarvasya dṛṣṭo mṛtyurvināśakatvāt | so 'dbhirbhakṣyate so 'gnirapāmannam | gṛhāṇa tarhyasti mṛtyormṛtyuriti |
tena sarvaṃ grahātigrahajātaṃ bhakṣyate mṛtyormṛtyunā |
tasminbandhane nāśite mṛtyunā bhakṣite saṃsārānmokṣa upapanno bhavati |
bandhanaṃ hi grahātigrahalakṣaṇamuktaṃ tasmācca mokṣa upapadyata ityetatprasādhitam |
ato bandhamokṣāya puruṣaprayāsaḥ saphalo bhavatyato 'pajayati punarmṛtyum || 10 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yatrāyaṃ puruṣo mriyata ud asmāt prāṇāḥ krāmanty āho neti | neti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | atraiva samavanīyante | sa ucchvayati | ādhmāyati | ādhmāto mṛtaḥ śete ||

11. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'when such a person (a sage) dies, do the vital breaths (prânas) move out of him or no?' 'No,' replied Yâgñavalkya; 'they are gathered up in him, he swells, he is inflated, and thus inflated the dead lies at rest.'

pareṇa mṛtyunā mṛtyau bhakṣite paramātmadarśanena yo 'sau mukto vidvānso 'yaṃ puruṣo yatra yasminkāle mriyata udūrdhvamasmādbrahmavido mriyamāṇātprāṇā vāgadayo grahā nāmādayaścātigrahā vāsanārūpā antasthāḥ prayojakāḥ kāmatnyūrdhvamutkrāmantyāhosvinneti | neti hovāca yājñavalkyo notkrāmantyatraivāsminneva pareṇā'tmanāvibhāgaṃ gacchanti viduṣi kāryāṇi karaṇāni ca svayonau parabrahmasatattave samavanīyanta ekībhāvena samavasṛjyante pralīyanta ityarthaḥ |
ūrmaya ida samudre |
tathā ca śrutyantaraṃ kalāśabdavācyānāṃ prāṇānāṃ parasminnātmani pralayaṃ darśayati -"evamevāsya paridraṣṭurimāḥ ṣoḍaśa kalāḥ puruṣāyaṇāḥ puruṣaṃ prāpyāstaṃ gacchantī"ti |
iti pareṇā'tmanāvibhāgaṃ gacchantīti darśitam |
na tarhi mṛto, nahi, mṛtaścāyaṃ yasmātsa ucchvayatyucchūnatāṃ pratipadyata ādhmāyati bāhyena vāyunā pūryate dṛtivadādhmāto mṛtaḥ śete niśceṣṭaḥ bandhananāśe muktasya na kvacidgamanamiti vākyārthaḥ || 11 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yatrāyaṃ puruṣo mriyate | kim enaṃ na jahātīti | nāmeti | anantaṃ vai nāmānantā viśve devāḥ | anantam eva sa tena lokaṃ jayati ||

12. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'when such a man dies, what does not leave him?' 'The name,' he replied; 'for the name is endless, the Visvedevas are endless, and by it he gains the endless world.'

muktasya kiṃ prāṇā eva samavanoyanta āhosvittatprayojakamapi sarvam | atha prāṇā eva na tatprayojakaṃ sarva, prayojake vidyamāne punaḥ prāṇānāṃ prasaṅgaḥ | atha sarvameva kāmakarmādi, tato mokṣa upapadyata ityevamartha uttaraḥ praśnaḥ | yājñavalkyeti hovāca yatrāyaṃ puruṣo mriyate kimenaṃ na jahātīti | āhetaro nāmeti sarvaṃ samavanīyata ityarthaḥ | nāmamātraṃ tu na līyata ākṛtisambandhāt | nityaṃ hi nāma |
anantaṃ vai nāma |
nityatvamevā'nantyaṃ nāmnaḥ |
tadānantyādhikṛtā anantā bai viśve devā anantameva sa tena lokaṃ jayati |
tannāmānantyādhikṛtānviśvāndevānātmatvenopetya tenā'nantyadarśanenānantameva lokaṃ jayati || 12 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yatrāsya puruṣasya mṛtasyāgniṃ vāg apyeti vātaṃ prāṇaś cakṣur ādityaṃ manaś candraṃ diśaḥ śrotraṃ pṛthivīṃ śarīram ākāśam ātmauṣadhīr lomāni vanaspatīn keśā apsu lohitaṃ ca retaś ca nidhīyate kvāyaṃ tadā puruṣo bhavatīti | āhara saumya hastam ārtabhāga | āvām evaitasya vediṣyāvo na nāv etat sajana iti | tau hotkramya mantrayāṃ cakrāte | tau ha yad ūcatuḥ karma haiva tad ūcatuḥ | atha ha yat praśaṃsatuḥ karma haiva tat praśaśaṃsatuḥ | puṇyo vai puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpeneti | tato ha jāratkārava ārtabhāga upararāma ||

13. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said,' when the speech of this dead person enters into the fire, breath into the air, the eye into the sun, the mind into the moon, the hearing into space, into the earth the body, into the ether the self, into the shrubs the hairs of the body, into the trees the hairs of the head, when the blood and the seed are deposited in the water, where is then that person?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Take my hand, my friend. We two alone shall know of this; let this question of ours not be (discussed) in public.' Then these two went out and argued, and what they said was karman (work), what they praised was karman, viz. that a man becomes good by good work, and bad by bad work. After that Gâratkârava Ârtabhâga held his peace.

grahātigraharūpaṃ bandhanamuktaṃ mṛtyurūpaṃ tasya ca mṛtyormṛtyusadbhāvānmokṣaścopapadyate | sa ca mokṣo grahātigraharūpāṇāmihaiva pralayaḥ pradīpanirvāṇavat | yadvadgrahātigrahākhyaṃ bandhanaṃ mṛtyurūpaṃ tasya yatprayojakaṃ tatsvarūpanirdhāraṇārthamidamārabhyate | yājñavalkyeti hovāca | atra kecidvarṇayanti grahātigrahasya saprayojakasya vināśe 'pi kila na mucyate | nāmāvaśiṣṭo 'vidyayoṣarasthānīyayā svātmaprabhavayā pa mātmanaḥ paricchinno bhojyācca jagato vyāvṛtta ucchinna kāmakarmāntarāle vyavatiṣṭhate | tasya paramātmaikatvadarśane dvaitadarśanamapanetavyamityataḥ paraṃ paramātmadarśanamārabdhavyamityevamapavargākhyāmantarālāvasthāṃ parikalyottaragranthasaṃbandhaṃ kurvanti | tatra vaktavyaṃ viśīrṇeṣu karaṇeṣu videhasya paramātmadarśanaśravaṇamanananididhyāsanāni kathamiti | samavanītaprāṇasya hi nāmamātrāvaśiṣṭasyeti tairucyate | mṛtaḥ śeta iti hayuktam | na manorathenāpyetadupapādayituṃ śakyate | atha jīvannevāvidyāmātrāvaśiṣṭo bhojyādapāvṛtta iti parikalpyate tattu kiṃnimittamiti vaktavyam | samastadvaitaikatvātmaprāptinimittamiti yadyucyate tatpūrvameva nirākṛtam | karmasahitena dvaitaikatvātmadarśanena sampanno vidvānmṛtaḥ samavanītaprāṇo jagadātmatvaṃ hiraṇyagarbhasvarūpaṃ vā prāpnuyādasamavanītaprāṇo bhojyājjīvanneva vyāvṛtto viraktaḥ paramātmadarśanābhimukhaḥ syāt | na cobhayamekaprayatnaniṣpādyena sādhanena labhyam | hiraṇyagarbhaprāptisādhanaṃ cenna tato vyāvṛttisādhanam | paramātmābhimukhīkaraṇasya bhojyādvayāvṛtteḥ sādhanaṃ cenna hiraṇyagarbhaprāptisādhanam | na hi yadgatisādhanaṃ tadgatinivṛtterapi | atha mṛtvā hiraṇyagarbhaṃ prāpya tataḥ samavanītaprāṇo nāmāvaśiṣṭaḥ paramātmajñāne 'dhikriyate | tato 'smadādyarthaṃ paramātmajñānopadeśo 'narthakaḥ syāt | sarveṣāṃ hi brahmavidyā puruṣārthāyopadiśyate"tadyo yo devānām"ityādyayā śrutyā | tasmādatyantanikṛṣṭā śāstrabāhyaiveyaṃ kalpanā | prakṛtaṃ tu vartayiṣyāma | tatra kena prayuktaṃ grahātigrahalakṣaṇaṃ bandhanamityetannirdidhārayiṣayā'ha-yatrāsya puruṣasyāsamyagdarśinaḥ śiraḥpāṇyādimato mṛtasya vāgagnimapyeti vātaṃ prāṇo 'pyeti cakṣurādityamapyetīti sarvatra sambadhyate | manaścandraṃ diśaḥ śrotraṃ pṛthivīṃ śarīramākāśamātmetyatrā'tmādhiṣṭhānaṃ hṛdayākāśamucyate | sa ākāśamapyeti | oṣadhīrapiyati lomāni | vanaspatīnapiyanti keśāḥ | apsu lohitaṃ ca retaśca nidhīyata iti punarādānaliṅgam | sarvatra hi vāgādiśabdena devatāḥ parigṛhyante na tu karaṇānyevāpakrāmanti prāṅmokṣāt | tatra devatābhiranadhiṣṭhitāni karaṇāni nyastadātrādyupamānāni videhaśca kartā puruṣo 'svatantraḥ kimāśrito bhavatīti pṛcchayate-kvāyaṃ tadā puruṣo bhavatīti | kimāśritastadā puruṣo bhavatīti | yamāśrayamāśritya punaḥ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātamupādatte yena grahātigrahalakṣaṇaṃ bandhanaṃ prayujyate tatkimiti praśnaḥ | atrocyate-svabhāvayadṛcchākālakarmadaivavijñānamātraśūnyāni vādibhiḥ parikalpitāni | ato 'nekavipratipattisthānatvānnaiva jalpanyāyena vastunirṇayaḥ | atra vastunirṇayaṃ cedicchasyāhara sobhya hastasārtabhāga ha āvāmevaitasya tvatpṛṣṭasya veditavyaṃ yattadvediṣyāvo nirūpayiṣyāvaḥ | kasmāt | na nāvāvayoretadvastu sajane janasamudāye nirṇetuṃ śakyate | ata ekānta gamiṣyāvo vicāraṇāya | tau hetyādi śrutivacanam | tau yājñavalkyārtabhāgāvekāntaṃ gatvā kiṃ cakraturityucyate-tau hotkramya sajanāddeśānmantrayāñcakrāte | ādau laukikavādipakṣāṇāmekaikaṃ parugṛhya vicāritavantau |
tau ha vicārya yadūcaturapohya pūrvapakṣānsarvāneva tacchṛṇu |
karma haivā'śrayaṃ punaḥ punaḥ kāryakaraṇopādānahetuṃ tattatrocaturuktavantau |
na kevalaṃ kālakarmadaiveśvareṣvabhyupagateṣu hetuṣu yatpraśaśaṃsatustau karma haiva tatpraśaśaṃsatuḥ |
yasmānnirdhāritametatkarmaprayuktaṃ grahātigrahādikāryakaraṇopādānaṃ punaḥ punastasmātpuṇyo vai śāstravihitena puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati tadviparotena viparīto bhavati pāpaḥ pāpenetyevaṃ yājñavalkyena praśneṣu nirṇīteṣu tato 'śakyaprakampyatvādyājñavalkyasya ha jaratkārava ārtabhāga upararāma || 13 ||
iti tṛtīyādhyāye dvitīyamārtabhāgabrāhmaṇam || 2 ||

atha hainaṃ bhujyur lāhyāyaniḥ papraccha -- yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- madreṣu carakāḥ paryavrajāma | te patañcalasya kāpyasya gṛhān aima | tasyāsīd duhitā gandharvagṛhītā | tam apṛcchāma ko 'sīti | so 'bravīt sudhanvāṅgirasa iti | taṃ yadā lokānām antān apṛcchāma | athainam abrūma -- kva pārikṣitā abhavann iti | kva pārikṣitā abhavan | sa tvā pṛcchāmi yājñavalkya | kva pārikṣitā abhavann iti ||

THIRD BRÂHMANA
1. Then Bhugyu Lâhyâyani asked. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'we wandered about as students, and came to the house of Patañkala Kâpya. He had a daughter who was possessed by a Gandharva. We asked him, 'Who art thou?' and he (the Gandharva) replied: 'I am Sudhanvan, the Âṅgirasa.' And when we asked him about the ends of the world, we said to him, 'Where were the Pârikshitas 4? Where then were the Pârikshitas, I ask thee, Yâgñavalkya, where were the Pârikshitas?'

atha hainaṃ bhujyurlāhyāyaniḥ papraccha | grahātigrahalakṣaṇaṃ bandhanamuktam | yasmātsaprayojakānmukto mucyate yena vā baddhaḥ saṃsarati sa mṛtyuḥ | tasmācca mokṣa upapadyate | yasmānmṛyormṛtyurasti | muktasya ca na gatiḥ kvacit | sarvotsādo nāmamātrāvaśeṣaḥ pradīpanirvāṇavaditi cāvadhṛtam | tatra saṃsaratāṃ mucyamānānāṃ ca kāryakaraṇānāṃ svakāraṇasaṃsarge samāne muktānāmatyantameva punaranupādānam | saṃsaratāṃ tu punaḥ punarupādānaṃ yena prayuktānāṃ bhavati tatkarmetyavadhāritaṃ vicāraṇāpūrvakam | tatkṣaye ca nāmāvaśeṣeṇa sarvotsādo mokṣaḥ | tacca puṇyapāpākhyaṃ karma | puṇyo vai puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpenetyavadhāritatvāt | etatkṛtaḥ saṃsāraḥ | tatrāpuṇyena sthāvarajaṅgameṣu svabhāvaduḥkhabahuleṣu narakatiryakpretādiṣu ca duḥkhamanubhavati punaḥ punarjāyamāno mriyamāṇaścetyetadrājavartmavatsarvalokaprasiddham | yattu śāstrīyaṃ puṇyo vai puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati tatraivādaraḥ kriyata iha śrutyā | puṇyameva ca karma sarvapuruṣārthasādhanamiti sarve śrutismṛtivādāḥ | mokṣasyāpi puruṣārthatvāttatsādhyatā prāptā | yāvadyāvatpuṇyotkarṣastāvattāvatphalotkarṣaprāptiḥ | tasmāduttameva puṇyotkarṣeṇa mokṣo bhaviṣyatītyāśaṅkā syāt | sā nivartayitavyā jñānasahitasya ca prakṛṣṭasya karmaṇa etāvatī gatiḥ | vyākṛtanāmarūpāspadatvātkarmaṇastatphalasya ca | na tvakārye nitye 'vyākṛtadharmiṇyanāmarūpātmake kriyākārakaphalasvabhāvavarjite karmaṇo vyāpāro 'sti | yatra ca vyāpāraḥ sa saṃsāra evetyasyārthasya pradarśanāya brahmaṇamārabhyate | yattu kaiściducyate vidyāsahitaṃ karma nirabhisaṃdhi mantraśarkarādiyuktaviṣadadhyādivatkāryāntaramārabhata iti | tanna | anārabhyatvānmokṣasya | bandhanāśa eva hi mokṣo na kāryabhūtaḥ bandhanaṃ cāvidyetyavocāma | avidyāyāśca na karmaṇā nāśa upapadyate | dṛṣṭaviṣayatvācva karmasāmarthyasya | utpattyāptivikārasaṃskārā hi karmasāmarthyasya viṣayāḥ | utpādayituṃ prāpayituṃ vikartuṃ ca sāmarthyaṃ karmaṇo nāto vyatiriktaviṣayo 'sti karmasāmarthyasya | loke 'prasiddhatvāt | na ca mokṣa eṣāṃ padārthānāmanyatamaḥ | avidyāmātravyavahita ityavocāma | bāḍham | bhavatu kevalasyaiva karmaṇa evaṃsvabhāvatā | vidyāsaṃyuktasya tu nirabhisaṃdherbhavatyanyathā svabhāvaḥ | dṛṣṭaṃ hyanyaśaktitvena nirjñātānāmapi padārthānāṃ viṣadadhyādīnāṃ vidyāmantraśarkarādisaṃyuktānāmanyaviṣaye sāmathyam | tathā karmaṇo 'pyastviti cet | na | pramāṇābhāvāt | tatra hi karmaṇa uktaviṣayavyatirekeṇa viṣayāntare sāmarthyāstitve pramāṇaṃ na pratyakṣaṃ nānumānaṃ nopamānaṃ nārthāpattirna śabdo 'sti | nanu phalāntarābhāve codanānyathānupapattiḥ pramāṇamiti | na hi nityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ viśvajinnyāyena phalaṃ kalpyate | nāpi śrutaṃ phalamasti | codyante ca tāni | pāriśeṣyānmokṣasteṣāṃ phalamiti gamyate | anyathā hi puruṣā na pravarteran | nanu viśvajinnyāya evā'yāto mokṣasya phalasya kalpitatvāt | mokṣe vānyasminvā phale 'kalpite puruṣā na pravarteranniti mokṣaḥ phalaṃ kalpyate śrutārthāpattyā yathā viśvajiti | nanvevaṃ sati kathamucyate viśvajinnyāyo na bhavatīti | phalaṃ ca kalpyate viśvajinnyāyaśca na bhavatīti vipratiṣiddhamabhidhīyate | mokṣaḥ phalameva na bhavatīti cet | na | pratijñāhānāt | karma kāryāntaraṃ viṣadadhyādivadārabhata iti hi pratijñātam | sa cenmokṣaḥ karmaṇaḥ kāryaṃ phalameva na bhavatīti sā pratijñā hīyeta | karmakāryatve ca mokṣasya svargādiphalebhyo viśeṣo vaktavyaḥ | atha karmakāryaṃ na bhavati nityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ mokṣa ityasyā vacanavyakteḥ kor'tha iti vaktavyam | na ca kāryaphalaśabdabhedamātreṇa viśeṣaḥ śakyaḥ kalpayitum | aphalaṃ ca mokṣo nityaiśca karmabhiḥ kriyate nityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ na kāryamiti caiṣor'tho vipratiṣiddho 'bhidhīyate yathāgniḥ śīta iti | jñānavaditi cet | yathā jñānasya kāryaṃ mokṣo jñānenākriyamāṇo 'pyucyate tadvatkarmakāryatvamiti cet | na | ajñānanivartakatvājjñānasya | ajñānavyavadhānanivartakatvājjñānasya mokṣo jñānakāryamityupacaryate | na tu karmaṇā nivartayitavyamajñānam | na cājñānavyatirekeṇa mokṣasya vyavadhānāntaraṃ kalpayituṃ śakyam | nityatvānmokṣasya sādhakasvarūpāvyatirekācca, yatkarmaṇā nivartyeta | ajñānameva nivartayatīti cet | na | vilakṣaṇatvāt | anabhivyaktirajñānamabhivyaktilakṣaṇena jñānena virudhyate | karma tu tājñānena virudhyate tena jñānavilakṣaṇaṃ karma | yadi jñānābhāvo yadi saṃśayajñānaṃ yadi viparītajñānaṃ vocyate 'jñānamiti sarvaṃ hi tajjñānenaiva nivartyate | na tu karmaṇānyatamenāpi virodhābhāvāt | athādṛṣṭaṃ karmaṇāmajñānanivartakatvaṃ kalpyamiti cet | na | jñānenājñānanivṛttau gamyamānāyāmadṛṣṭanivṛttikalpanānupapatteḥ | yathāvaghātena vrīhīṇāṃ tuṣanivṛttau gamyamānāyāmagnihotrādinityakarmakāryādṛṣṭā na kalpyate tuṣanivṛttiḥ | tadvadajñānanivṛttirapi nityakarmakāryādṛṣṭā na kalpyate | jñānena viruddhatvaṃ cāsakṛtkarmaṇāmavocāma | yadaviruddhaṃ jñānaṃ karmabhistaddevalokaprāptinimittamityuktaṃ"vidyayā devalokaḥ"iti śruteḥ | kiñcānyatkalpye ca phale nityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ śrutānāṃ yatkarmabhirvirudhyate dravyaguṇakarmaṇāṃ kāryameva na bhavati, kiṃ tatkalpyatāmiti? yasminkarmaṇaḥ sāmarthyameva na dṛṣṭam, kiṃvā yasmindṛṣṭaṃ sāmarthyaṃ yacca karmaṇāṃ phalamaviruddhaṃ tatkalpyatāmiti | puruṣapravṛttijananāyāvaśyaṃ cetkarmaphalaṃ kalpayitavyam karmāviruddhaviṣaya eva śrutārthāpatteḥ kṣīṇatvānnityo mokṣaḥ phalaṃ kalpayituṃ na śakyastadvyavadhānājñānanivṛttirvā | aviruddhatvāddṛṣṭasāmarthyaviṣayatvācceti | pāriśeṣyanyāyānmokṣa eva kalpayitavya iti cet | sarveṣāṃ hi karmaṇāṃ sarvaṃ phalam na cānyaditarakarmaphalavyatirekeṇa phalaṃ kalpanāyogyamasti | pariśiṣṭaśca mokṣaḥ | sa ceṣṭo vedavidāṃ phalam | tasmātsa eva kalpayitavya iti cet | na | karmaphalavyaktonāmānantyātpāriśeṣyanyāyānupapatteḥ | nahi puruṣecchāviṣayāṇāṃ karmaphalānāmetāvattvaṃ nāma kenacidasarvajñenāvadhṛtaṃ tatsādhanānāṃ vā puruṣecchānāṃ vāniyatadeśakālanimittatvātpuruṣecchāviṣayasādhanānāṃ ca puruṣeṣṭaphalaprayuktatvāt | pratiprāṇi cecchāvaicitryātphalānāṃ tatsādhanānāṃ cā'nantyasiddhiḥ | tadānantyāccāśakyametāvattvaṃ puruṣairjñātum | ajñāte ca sādhanaphalaitāvattve kathaṃ mokṣasya pariśeṣasiddhiriti | karmaphalajātipāriśeṣyamiti cet | satyapīcchāviṣayāṇāṃ tatsādhanānāṃ cā'nantye karmaphalajātitvaṃ nāma sarveṣāṃ tulyam | mokṣasatvakarmaphalatvātpariśiṣṭaḥ syāt | tasmātpariśeṣātsa eva yuktaḥ kalpayitumiti cet | na | tasyāpi nityakarmaphalatvābhyupagame karmaphalasamānajātīyatvopapatteḥ pariśeṣānupapattiḥ | tasmādanyathāpyupapatteḥ kṣīṇā śrutārthāpattiḥ | utpattayāptivikārasaṃskārāṇāmanyatamapi nityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ phalamupapadyata iti kṣīṇā śrutārthāpattiḥ | caturṇāmanyatama eva mokṣa iti cet | na tāvadutpādyo nityatvāt | ata evāvikāryo 'saṃskāryaścāta eva, asādhanadravyātmakatvācca | sādhanātmakaṃ hi dravyaṃ saṃskriyate | yathā pātrājyādi prokṣaṇādinā | na ca saṃskriyamāṇaḥ saṃskāranirvartyo vā yūpādivat | pāriśeṣyādāpyaḥ syāt | nā'pyo 'pyātmasvabhāvatvādekatvācca | itaraiḥ karmabhirvailakṣaṇyānnityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ tatphalenāpi vilakṣaṇena bhavitavyamiti cet | na | karmatvasālakṣaṇyātsalakṣaṇaṃ kasmātphalaṃ na bhavatītarakarmaphalaiḥ | nimittavailakṣaṇyāditi cet | na | kṣāmavatyādibhiḥ samānatvāt | yathā hi gṛhadāhādau nimitte kṣāmavatyādīṣṭiryathā bhinne juhoti skanne juhotītyevamādau naimittikeṣu karmasu na mokṣaḥ phalaṃ kalpyate | taiścāviśeṣānnaimittikatvena jīvanādinimitte ca śravaṇāt | tathā nityānāmapi na mokṣaḥ phalam | ālokasya sarveṣāṃ rūpadarśanasādhanatva ulūkādaya ālokena rūpaṃ na paśyantītyulukādicakṣuṣo vailakṣaṇyāditaralokacakṣurbhirna rasādiviṣayatvaṃ parikalpyate rasādiviṣaye sāmarthyasyādṛṣṭatvāt | sudūramapi gatvā yadviṣaye dṛṣṭaṃ sāmarthyaṃ tatraiva kaścidviśeṣaḥ kalpayitavyaḥ | yatpunaruktaṃ vidyāmantraśarkarādisaṃyuktaviṣadadadhyādivannityāni kāryāntaramārabhanta iti | ārabhyatāṃ viśiṣṭaṃ kāryaṃ tadiṣṭatvādavirodhaḥ | nirabhisaṃdheḥ karmaṇo vidyāsaṃyuktasya viśiṣṭakāryāntarārambhe na kaścidvirodhaḥ | devayājyātmayājinorātmayājino viśeṣaśravaṇāddevayājinaḥ'śreyānātmayājī'tyādau'yadeva vidyayā karotī'tyādau ca | yastu paramātmadarśanaviṣaye manunokta ātmayājiśabdaḥ'samaṃ paśyannātmayājī'tyatra samaṃ paśyannātmayājī bhavatītyarthaḥ | athavā bhūtapūrvagatyā | ātmayājyātmasaṃskārārthaṃ nityāni karmāṇi karoti"idaṃ me 'nenāṅga saṃskriyate"iti śruteḥ | tathā gārbhairhemairityādiprakaraṇe kāryakaraṇasaṃskārārthatvaṃ nityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ darśayati | saṃskṛtaśca ya ātmayājī taiḥ karmabhiḥ samaṃ draṣṭuṃ samartho bhavati | tasyeha vā janmāntare vā samamātmadarśanamutpadyate samaṃ paśyansvārājyamadhigacchatītyeṣor'thaḥ |
ātmayājiśabdastu bhūtapūrvagatyā prayujyate |
jñānayuktānāṃ nityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ jñānotpattisādhanatvapradarśanārtham |
kiñcānyat- brahmā viśvasṛjo dharmo mahānavyaktameva ca |
uttamāṃ sāttvikīmetāṃ gatimāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ||
iti ca devasārṣṭivyatirekeṇa bhūtāpyayaṃ darśayati bhūtānyapyeti pañca vai | bhūtānyatyetīti pāṭhaṃ ye kurvanti teṣāṃ vedaviṣaye paricchinnabuddhitvādadoṣaḥ | na cārthavādatvamadhyāyasya brahmāntakarmavipākārthasya tadvayatiriktātmajñānārthasya ca karmakāṇḍopaniṣadbhayāṃ tulyārthatvadarśanāt | vihitākaraṇapratiṣiddhakarmaṇāṃ ca sthāvaraśvasūkarādiphaladarśanāt | vāntāśyādipretadarśanācca | na ca śrutismṛtivīrītapratiṣiddhavyatirekeṇa vihitāni vā pratiṣiddhānivā karmāṇi kenacidavagantuṃ śakyante | yeṣāmakaraṇādanuṣṭhānācca pretaśvasūkarasthāvarādīni karmaphalāni pratyakṣānumānābhyāmupalabhyante | na caiṣāmakarmaphalatvaṃ kenacidabhyupagamyate | tasmādvihitākaraṇapratiṣiddhasevānāṃ yathaite karmavipākāḥ pretatiryaksthāvarādayastathotkṛṣṭeṣvapi brahmānteṣu karmavipākatvaṃ veditavyam | tasmāt"sa ātmano vapāmudakhidat" "so 'rodīdi"tyādivannābhūtārthavādatvam | tatrāpyabhūtārthavadatvaṃ mā bhūditi cet | bhavatvevam | na caitāvatāsya nyāyasya bādho bhavati | na cāsmatpakṣo vā duṣyati | na ca"brahmā viśvasṛja"ityādīnāṃ kāmyakarmaphalatvaṃ śakyaṃ vaktum | teṣāṃ devasārṣṭitāyāḥ phalasyoktatvāt | tasmātsābhisaṃdhīnāṃ nityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ sarvamedhāśvamedhādīnāṃ ca brahmatvādīni phalāni | yeṣāṃ punarnityāni nirabhisaṃdhīnyātmasaṃskārārthāni teṣāṃ jñānotpattyarthāni tāni | "brāhmīyaṃ kriyate tanuḥ"iti smaraṇāt | teṣāmārādupakārakatvānmokṣasādhanānyapi karmāṇi bhavantīti na virudhyate | yathā cāyamarthaḥ ṣaṣṭhe janakākhyāyikāsamāptau vakṣyāmaḥ | yattu viṣadadhyādivadityuktaṃ tatra pratyakṣānumānaviṣayatvādavirodhaḥ | yastvatyantaśabdagamyor'thastatra vākyasyābhāve tadarthapratipādakasya na śakyaṃ kalpayituṃ viṣadadhyādisādharmyam | na ca pramāṇāntaraviruddhārthaviṣaye śruteḥ prāmāṇyaṃ kalpyate yathā śīto 'gniḥ kledayatīti | śrute tu tādarthye vākyasya pramāṇāntarasyā'bhāsatvama | yathā khadyoto 'gniriti talamalinamantarikṣamiti bālānāṃ yatpratyakṣamapi tadviṣayapramāṇāntarasya yathārthatve niścite niścitārthamapi bālapratyakṣamābhāsībhavati | tasmādvedaprāmāṇyasyāvyabhicārāttādarthye sati vākyasya tathātvaṃ syāt | na tu puruṣamatikauśalam | nahi puruṣamatikauśalātsavitā rūpaṃ na prakāśayati | tathā vedavākyānyapi nānyārthāni bhavanti | tasmānna mokṣārthāni karmāṇīti siddham | ataḥ karmaphalānāṃ saṃsāratvapradarśanāyaiva brāhmaṇamārabhyate | athānantaram uparate jāratkārave, bhujyuriti nāmato lahyasyāpatyaṃ lāhyastadapatyaṃ lāhyāyaniḥ papraccha | yājñavalkyeti hovāca | ādābuktamaśvamedhadarśanam;samaṣṭivyaṣṭiphalaścāśvamedhakratuḥ, jñānasamuccito vā kevalajñānasampādito vā, sarvakarmaṇāṃ parā kāṣṭhā;bhraṇahatyāśvamedhābhyāṃ na paraṃ puṇyapāpayoriti hi smaranti;tena hi samaṣṭiṃ vyaṣṭīśca prāpnoti;tatra vyaṣṭayo nirjñātā antaraṇḍaviṣayā aśvamedhayāgaphalabhūtāḥ;'mṛtyurasyātmā bhavatyetāsāṃ devatānāmekā bhavati'(1 | 2 | 7) ityuktam | mṛtyuścāśanāyālakṣaṇo buddhayātmā samaṣṭiḥ prathamajo vāyuḥ sūtraṃ satyaṃ hiraṇyagarbhaḥ;tasya vyākṛto viṣayaḥ-yadātmakaṃ sarvaṃ dvaitaikatvam | yaḥ sarvabhūtāntarātmā liṅgam amūrtaraso yadāśritāni sarvabhūtakarmāṇi, yaḥ karmaṇāṃ karmasambaddhānāṃ ca vijñānānāṃ parā gatiḥ paraṃ phalam, tasya kiyān gocaraḥ kiyati vyāptiḥ sarvataḥ parimaṇḍalībhūtā, sā vaktavyā;tasyām uktāyāṃ sarvaḥ saṃsāro bandhagocara ukto bhavati | tasya ca samaṣṭivyaṣṭyātmadarśanasya alaukikatvapradarśanārthamākhyāyikāmātmano vṛttāṃ prakurute;tena ca prativādibuddhiṃvyāmohayiṣyāmīti manyate | madreṣu madrā nāma janapadāsteṣu, carakā adhyayanārthavratacaraṇāccarakā adhvaryavo vā, paryavrajāma paryaṭitavantaḥ;te patañcalasya nāmataḥ, kāpyasya kapigotrasya, gṛhān aima gatavantaḥ | tasyāsīd duhitā gandharvagṛhītā-gandharveṇa amānuṣeṇa sacvena kenacidāviṣṭā;gandharvo vā dhiṣṇyo 'gnirṛtvigadevatā viśiṣṭavijñānatvādavasīyate;na hi sacvamātrasyedṛśaṃ vijñānamupapadyate | taṃ sarve vayaṃ parivāritāḥ santo 'pṛcchāma-ko 'sīti, kastvamasi kinnāmā kiṃsatacvaḥ | so 'bravīd gandharvaḥ sudhanvā nāmataḥ, āṅgiraso gotrataḥ |
taṃ yadā yasmin kāle lokānāmantān paryavasānāni apṛcchāma athainaṃ gandharvamabrūma-bhūvanakośaparimāṇajñānāya pravṛtteṣu sarveṣvātmānaṃ ślāghayantaḥ pṛṣṭavanto vayam;katham? kva pārikṣitā abhavanniti |
sa ca gandharvaḥ sarvamasmabhyabravīt |
tena divyebhyo mayā labdhaṃ jñānam, tattava nāsti, ato nigṛhīto 'si, ityabhiprāyaḥ |
so 'haṃ vidyāsampanno labdhāgamo gandharvāt tvā tvāṃ pṛcchāmi yājñavalkya-kva pārikṣitā abhavantat tvaṃ kiṃ jānāsi? he yājñavalkya'kathaya pṛcchāmi kva pārikṣitā abhavanniti || 1 ||

sa hovāca -- uvāca vai saḥ | agacchan vai te tad yatrāśvamedhayājino gacchantīti | kva nv aśvamedhayājino gacchantīti | dvātriṃśataṃ vai devarathāhnyāny ayaṃ lokaḥ | taṃ samantaṃ pṛthivī dvistāvat paryeti | tāṃ samantaṃ pṛthivīṃ dvistāvat samudraḥ paryeti | tad yāvatī kṣurasya dhārā yāvad vā makṣikāyāḥ pattraṃ tāvān antareṇākāśaḥ tān aindraḥ suparṇo bhūtvā vāyave prāyacchat | tān vāyur ātmani dhitvā tatrāgamayad yatrāśvamedhayājino 'bhavann iti | evam iva vai sa vāyum eva praśaśaṃsa tasmād vāyur eva vyaṣṭir vāyuḥ samaṣṭiḥ | apa punarmṛtyuṃ jayati ya evaṃ veda | tato ha bhujyur lāhyāyanir upararāma ||

2. Yâgñavalkya said: 'He said to thee, I suppose, that they went where those go who have performed a horse-sacrifice.' He said: 'And where do they go who have performed a horse-sacrifice?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Thirty-two journeys of the car of the sun is this world. The earth surrounds it on every side, twice as large, and the ocean surrounds this earth on every side, twice as large. Now there is between them a space as large as the edge of a razor or the wing of a mosquito. Indra, having become a bird, handed them (through the space) to Vâyu (the air), and Vâyu (the air), holding them within himself, conveyed them to where they dwell who have performed a horse-sacrifice. Somewhat in this way did he praise Vâyu indeed. Therefore Vâyu (air) is everything by itself, and Vâyu is all things together. He who knows this, conquers death.' After that Bhugyu Lâhyâyani held his peace.

sa hovāca yājñavalkya uvāca vai saḥ | vaiśbdaḥ smaraṇārthaḥ | uvāca vai sa gandharvastubhyam | agacchanvai te pārikṣitāstattatra kva? yatra yasminnaśvamedhayājino gacchantīti | nirṇote praśna āha-kva nu kasminnaśvamedhayājino gacchantīti | teṣāṃ gativivakṣayā bhuvanakośaparimāṇamāha-dvātriṃśataṃ vai dve adhike triṃśaddvātriṃśataṃ vai devarathāhrayāni deva ādityastasya ratho devarathastasya rathasya gatyāhrā yāvatparicchidyate deśaparimāṇa taddevarathāhrayaṃ taddvātriṃśadguṇitaṃ devarathāhrayāni tāvatparimāṇo 'yaṃ loko lokālokagiriṇā parikṣiptaḥ | yatra vairājaṃ śarīraṃ yatra ca karmaphalopabhogaḥ prāṇināṃ sa eṣa loka etāvāṃlloko 'taḥ paramalokastaṃ lokaṃ samantaṃ samantato lokavistārāddviguṇaparimāṇavistāreṇa parimāṇena taṃ lokaṃ parikṣiptā paryeti pṛthivī | tāṃ pṛthivīṃ tathaiva samantaṃ dvistāvaddviguṇena parimāṇena samudraḥ paryeti yaṃ ghanodamācakṣate paurāṇikāḥ | tatraṇḍakapālayorvivaraparimāṇamucyate | yena vivareṇa mārgeṇa vahirnirgacchanto vyāpnuvantyaśvamedhayājinaḥ | tatra yāvatī yāvatparimāṇa kṣurasya dhārāgraṃ yāvadvā saukṣmyeṇa yuktaṃ makṣikāyāḥ patraṃ tāvāṃstāvatparimāṇo 'ntareṇa madhye 'ṇḍakapālayorākāśchidraṃ tenā'kāśenetyetat | tānpārikṣitānaśvamedhayājinaḥ prāptānidraḥ parameśvaro yo 'śvameve 'gniścitaḥ suparṇo yadviṣayaṃ darśanamuktaṃ tasya prāci diviśara ityādinā suparṇaḥ pakṣī bhūtvā pakṣapucchādyātmakaḥ suparṇo bhūtvā vāyave prāyacchanmūrtatvānnāstyātmano gatistatreti | tānpārikṣitānvāyurātmani dhitvā sthāpayitvā svātmabhūtānkṛtvā tatra tasminnagamayat | kva | yatra pūrve 'tikrāntāḥ pārikṣitā aśvamedhayājino 'bhavanniti | evamiva vā evameva sa gandharvo vāyumeva praśaśaṃsa pārikṣitānāṃ gatim | samāptā'khyāyikā | ākhyāyikānirvṛttaṃ tvarthamākhyāyikāto 'pasutya śrutiḥ svamukhenaivā'caṣṭe 'smabhyam | yasmādvāyuḥ sthāvarajaṅgamānāṃ bhūtānāmantarātmā bahiśca sa eva tasmādadhyātmādhibhūtādhidaivabhāvena vividhā yāṣṭirvyāptiḥ sa vāyureva |
tathā samaṣṭiḥ kevalena sūtrātmanā vāyureva |
evaṃ vāyumātmānaṃ samaṣṭivyaṣṭirūpātmakatvenopagacchati ya evaṃ veda |
tasya kiṃ phalamityāhi-apa punarmṛtyuṃ jayati sakṛtmṛtvā punanaṃ mriyate |
tata ātmanaḥ praśnanirṇayādbhujyurlāhyāyanirupararāma || 2 ||
iti bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye tṛtīyādhyāyasya tṛtīyaṃ brāhmaṇam || 3 ||

atha hainam uṣastaś cākrāyaṇaḥ papraccha | yājñavalkyeti hovāca -- yat sākṣād aparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaras taṃ me vyācakṣveti | eṣa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ | yaḥ prāṇena prāṇiti sa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ | yo 'pānenāpāniti sa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ | yo vyānena vyaniti sa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ | ya udānenodaniti sa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ | eṣa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ ||

FOURTH BRÂHMANA
1. Then Ushasta Kâkrâyana asked. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'tell me the Brahman which is visible, not invisible, the Self (âtman), who is within all.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'This, thy Self, who is within all.' 'Which Self, O Yâgñavalkya, is within all?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'He who breathes in the up-breathing, he is thy Self, and within all. He who breathes in the down-breathing, he is thy Self, and within all. He who breathes in the on-breathing, he is thy Self, and within all. He who breathes in the out-breathing, he is thy Self, and within all. This is thy Self, who is within all.'

atha hainamuṣastaścākrāyaṇaḥ papraccha | puṇyapāpaprayuktairgrahātigrahairgṛhītaḥ punaḥ punargrahātigrahāṃstyajannupādadatsaṃsaratītyuktam | puṇyasya ca para utkarṣo vyākhyāto vyākṛtaviṣayaḥ samaṣṭivyaṣṭirūpo dvaitaikatvātmaprāptiḥ | yastu grahātigrahairgrastaḥ saṃsarati so 'sti vā nāstyastitve ca kiṃlakṣaṇa ityātmana eva vivekādhigamāyoṣastapraśna ārabhyate | tasya ca nirupādhisvarūpasya kriyākārakavinirmuktasvabhāvasyādhigamādyathoktādvandhanādvimucyate saprayojakāt | ākhyāyikāsaṃbandhastu prasiddhaḥ | atha hainaṃ prakṛtaṃ yājñavalkyamuṣasto nāmataścakrasyāpatyaṃ cākrāyaṇaḥ papraccha | yadbrahma sākṣādavyavahitaṃ kenaciddraṣṭuraparokṣādagauṇam | na śrotrabrahmādivat | kiṃ tat | ya ātmā | ātmaśabdena pratyagātmocyate | tatrā'tmaśabdasya prasiddhatvāt | sarvasyābhyantaraḥ sarvāntaraḥ yadyaḥśabdābhyāṃ prasiddha ātmā brahmeti | tamātmānaṃ me mahyaṃ vyācakṣveti | viṣpaṣṭaṃ śṛṅge gṛhītvā yathā gāṃ darśayati tathā'cakṣva so 'yamityevaṃ kathayasvetyarthaḥ | evamuktaḥ pratyāha yājñavalkyaḥ-eṣu te tavā'tmā sarvāntaraḥ sarvasyābhyantaraḥ | sarvaviśeṣaṇopalabhaṇārtha sarvāntaragrahaṇam | yatsākṣādavyavahitamaparokṣādagauṇaṃ brahma bṛhattamamātmā sarvasyābhyantara etairguṇaiḥ samastairukta eṣaḥ | ko 'sau tavā'tmā | yo 'yaṃ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātastava yenā'tmanā'tmavānsa eṣa tavātmā | tava kāryakaraṇasaṃghātasyetyarthaḥ | tatra piṇḍastamyābhyantare liṅgātmā karaṇasaṃghātastṛtīyo yaśca saṃdihyamānasteṣu katamo mamā'tmā sarvāntarastvayā vivakṣita ityukta itara āha-yaḥ prāṇena mukhanāsikāsaṃcāriṇā prāṇiti prāṇaceṣṭāṃ karoti yena prāṇaḥ praṇīyata ityarthaḥ | sa te taba kāryakaraṇasaṃghātasyā'tmā vijñānamayaḥ | samānamanyat | yo 'pānenāpānīti | yo vyānena vyānītīti cchāndasaṃ dairdhyam |
sarvāḥ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātagatāḥ prāṇanādiceṣṭā dāruyantrasyeva yena kriyante |
nahi cetanāvadanadhiṣṭhatasya dāruyantrasyeva prāṇanādiceṣṭā vidyante |
tasmādvijñānamayenādhiṣṭhitaṃ vilakṣaṇena dāruyantravatprāṇanādiceṣṭāṃ pratipadyate |
tasmātso 'sti kāryakaraṇasaṃghātavilakṣaṇo yaściṣṭayati || 1 ||

sa hovācoṣastaś cākrāyaṇaḥ -- yathā vai brūyād asau gaur asāv aśva ity evam evaitad vyapadiṣṭaṃ bhavati | yad eva sākṣād aparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaras taṃ me vyācakṣveti | eṣa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ | katamo yājñavalkya sarvāntaraḥ | na dṛṣṭer draṣṭāraṃ paśyeḥ | na śruteḥ śrotāraṃ śṛṇuyāḥ | na mater mantāraṃ manvīthā | na vijñāter vijñātāraṃ vijānīyāḥ | eṣa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ | ato 'nyad ārtam | tato hoṣastaś cākrāyaṇa upararāma ||

2. Ushasta Kâkrâyana said: 'As one might say, this is a cow, this is a horse, thus has this been explained by thee. Tell me the Brahman which is visible, not invisible, the Self, who is within all.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'This, thy Self, who is within all.' 'Which Self, O Yâgñavalkya, is within all?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Thou couldst not see the (true) seer of sight, thou couldst not hear the (true) hearer of hearing, nor perceive the perceiver of perception, nor know the knower of knowledge. This is thy Self, who is within all. Everything also is of evil.' After that Ushasta Kâkrâyana held his peace.

sa hovācoṣastaścākrāyaṇo yathā kaścidanyathā pratijñāya pūrvaṃ punarvipratipanno brūyādanyathāsau gaurasāvaśvo yaścalati dhāvatīti vā pūrvaṃ pratyakṣaṃ darśayāmiti pratijñāya paścāccalanādiliṅgairvyapadiśatyevamevaitadbrahma prāṇanādiliṅgairvyapadiṣṭaṃ bhavati tvayā | kiṃ bahunā tyaktvā gotṛṣṇānimittaṃ vyājaṃ yadeva sākṣādaparokṣādbrahma ya ātmā sarvāntarastaṃ me vyācakṣveti | itara āha-yathā mayā prathamaṃ pratijñātastavā'tmava (tmā vi) lakṣaṇa iti tāṃ pratijñāmanuvarta eva | tattathaiva yathokta mayā | yatpunaruktaṃ tamātmānaṃ ghaṭādivadviṣayīkurviti tadaśakyatvānna kriyate | kasmātpunastadaśakyamiti | āha | vastusvābhāvyāt | kiṃ punastadvastusvābhāvyam | dṛṣṭayādidraṣṭṛtvam | dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā hyātmā | dṛṣṭiriti dvividhā bhavati laukikī pāramārthikī ceti | tatra laukikī cakṣuḥsaṃyuktāntaḥkaraṇavṛttiḥ | sā kriyata iti jāyate vinaśyati ca | yā tvātmano dṛṣṭiragnyuṣṇaprakāśādivatsā ca draṣṭaḥ svarūpatvānna jāyate na vinaśyati ca | sā kriyamāṇayopādhibhūtayā saṃsṛṣṭeveti vyapadiśyate draṣṭeti bhedavacca draṣṭā dṛṣṭiriti ca | yāsau laukikī dṛṣṭiścakṣurdvārā rūpoparaktā jāyamānaiva nityayā'tmadṛṣṭyā saṃsṛṣṭeva tatpraticchāyā tayā vyāptaiva jāyate tathā vinaśyati ca tenopacaryate draṣṭā sadā paśyannapi paśyati na paśyati ceti | na tu punardraṣṭurdṛṣṭeḥ kadācidapyanyathātvam | tathā ca vakṣyati ṣaṣṭhe-dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva | nahi draṣṭurdṛṣṭerviparilopo vidyata iti ca | tamimamarthamāha-laukikyā dṛṣṭeḥ karmabhūtāyā draṣṭāraṃ svakīyayā nityayā dṛṣṭyā vyāptāraṃ na paśyeḥ | yāsau laukikī dṛṣṭiḥ karmabhūtā sā rūpoparaktā rūpābhivyañjikā nā'tmānaṃ svātmano vyāptāraṃ pratyañcaṃ vyāpnoti | tasmāttaṃ pratyagātmānaṃ dṛṣṭedraṣṭāraṃ na paśyeḥ | tathā śruteḥ śrotāraṃ na śṛṇuyāḥ | tathā matermanovṛtteḥ kevalāyā vyāptāraṃ na manvīthāḥ | tathā vijñāteḥ kevalāyā buddhivṛttervyāptāraṃ na vijānīyāḥ | eṣa vastunaḥ svabhāvo 'to naiva darśayituṃ śakyate gavādivat | na dṛṣṭerdraṣṭāramityatrākṣarāṇyanyathā vyācakṣate kecit | na dṛṣṭerdraṣṭāraṃ dṛṣṭeḥ kartāraṃ dṛṣṭibhedamakṛtvā dṛṣṭimātrasya kartāraṃ na paśyeriti | dṛṣṭeriti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī | sā dṛṣṭiḥ kriyamāṇā ghaṭavatkarma bhavati | draṣṭāramiti tṛjantena draṣṭurdṛṣṭikartṛtvamācaṣṭe | tenāsau dṛṣṭerdraṣṭā dṛṣṭeḥ karteti vyākhyātṛṇāmabhiprāyaḥ | tatra dṛṣṭeriti ṣaṣṭhyantena dṛṣṭigrahaṇaṃ nirarthakamiti doṣaṃ na paśyanti paśyatāṃ vā punaruktamasāraḥ pramādapāṭha iti vā nā'daraḥ | kathaṃ punarādhikyaṃ tṛjantenaiva dṛṣṭikartṛtvasya siddhatvāddṛṣṭeriti nirarthakam | tadā draṣṭāraṃ na paśyerityetāvadeva vaktavyam | yasmāddhātoḥ parastṛcchūyate taddhātvarthakartari hi tṛcsmaryate | gantāraṃ bhattāraṃ vā nayatītyetāvāneva hi śabdaḥ prayujyate | na tu gatergantāraṃ bhiderbhettāramityasatyarthaviśeṣe prayoktavyaḥ | na cārthavādatvena hātavyaṃ satyāṃ gatau | na ca pramādapāṭhaḥ | sarveṣāmavigānāt | tasmādvyākhyātṛṇāmeva buddhidaurbalyaṃ nādhyetṛpramādaḥ yathā tvasmābhirvyākhyātaṃ laukikadṛṣṭervivicya nityadṛṣṭiviśiṣṭa ātmā pradarśayitavyastathā kartṛkarmaviśeṣaṇatvena dṛṣṭiśabdasya dviḥprayoga upapadyata ātmasvarūpanirdhāraṇāya | 'nahi draṣṭurdṛṣṭeri'ti ca pradeśāntaravākyenaivaikavākyatopapannā bhavati | tathā ca"cakṣūṃṣi paśyati""śrotramidaṃ śrutam"iti śrutyantareṇaikavākyatopapannā | nyāyācca | evameva hyātmano nityatvamupapadyate vikriyābhāve vikriyāvacca nityamiti ca vipratiṣiddham | "dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva" "nahi draṣṭurdṛṣṭerviparilopo vidyate" "eṣa nityo mahimā brāhmaṇasya"iti ca śrutyakṣarāṇyanyathā na gacchanti | nanu draṣṭā śrotā mantā vijñātetyevamādīnyapyakṣarāṇyātmano 'vikriyatve na gacchantīti | na | yathāprāptalaukikavākyānuvāditvātteṣām | nā'tmatattvanirdhāraṇārthāni tāni | dṛṣṭerdraṣṭāramityevamādīnāmanyārthāsambhavādyathoktārthaparatvamavagamyate | tasmādanavabodhādeva hi viśeṣaṇaṃ parityaktaṃ dṛṣṭerdraṣṭāramityevamādīnāmanyārthāsambhavādyathoktārthaparatvamavagamyate | tasmādanavabodhādeva hi viśeṣaṇaṃ parityaktaṃ dṛṣṭeriti |
eṣa te tavā'tmā sarvairuktairviśeṇaṇairviśiṣṭaḥ |
ata etasmādātmano 'nyadārta kārya vā śarīraṃ karaṇātmakaṃ vā liṅgam |
etadevaikamanārtamavināśi kūṭastham |
tato hoṣastaścākrāyaṇa upararāma || 2 ||
iti bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye tṛtīyādhyāyasya caturtha brāhmaṇam || 4 ||

atha hainaṃ kaholaḥ kauṣītakeyaḥ papraccha -- yājñavalkyeti hovāca | yad eva sākṣād aparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaras taṃ me vyācakṣveti | eṣa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ | katamo yājñavalkya sarvāntaraḥ | yo 'śanāyāpipāse śokaṃ mohaṃ jarāṃ mṛtyum atyeti | etaṃ vai tam ātmānaṃ viditvā brāhmaṇāḥ putraiṣaṇāyāś ca vittaiṣaṇāyāś ca lokaiṣaṇāyāś ca vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti | yā hy eva putraiṣaṇā sā vittaiṣaṇā yā vittaiṣaṇā sā lokaiṣaṇā | ubhe hy ete eṣaṇe eva bhavataḥ | tasmād brāmaṇaḥ pāṇḍityaṃ nirvidya bālyena tiṣṭhāset | bālyaṃ ca pāṇḍityaṃ ca nirvidyātha muniḥ | amaunaṃ ca maunaṃ ca nirvidyātha brāhmaṇaḥ | sa brāhmaṇaḥ kena syād yena syāt tenedṛśa eva | ato 'nyad ārtam | tato ha kaholaḥ kauṣītakeya upararāma ||

FIFTH BRÂHMANA
1. Then Kahola Kaushîtakeya asked. 'Yâgñavalkya, 'he said, 'tell me the Brahman which is visible, not invisible, the Self (Âtman), who is within all.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'This, thy Self, who is within all.' 'Which Self, O Yâgñavalkya, is within all?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'He who overcomes hunger and thirst, sorrow, passion, old age, and death. When Brâhmanas know that Self, and have risen above the desire for sons, wealth, and (new) worlds, they wander about as mendicants. For a desire for sons is desire for wealth, a desire for wealth is desire for worlds. Both these are indeed desires. Therefore let a Brâhmana, after he has done with learning, wish to stand by real strength 1; after he has done with that strength and learning, he becomes a Muni (a Yogin); and after he has done with what is not the knowledge of a Muni, and with what is the knowledge of a Muni, he is a Brâhmana. By whatever means he has become a Brâhmana, he is such indeed. Everything else is of evil.' After that Kahola Kaushîtakeya held his peace.

vandhanaṃ saprayojakamuktam | yaśca baddhastasyāpyastitvamadhigataṃ vyatiriktatvaṃ ca | tasyedānīṃ bandhamokṣasādhanaṃ sasaṃnyāsamātmajñānaṃ vaktavyamiti kaholapraśna ārabhyate-atha hainaṃ kaholo nāmataḥ kuṣītakasyāpatyaṃ kauṣītakeyaḥ papraccha yājñavalkyeti hovāceti pūrvavat | yadeva sākṣādaparokṣādbrahma ya ātmā sarvāntarastaṃ me vyācakṣveti | yaṃ viditvā bandhanātpramucyate | yājñavalkya āha-eṣa te tavā'tmā | kimuṣastakaholābhyāmeka ātmā pṛṣṭaḥ kiṃvā bhinnāvātmānau tulyalakṣaṇāviti | bhinnāviti yuktaṃ praśnayorapunaruktatvopapatteḥ | yadi hyeka ātmoṣastakaholapraśnayorvivakṣitastatraikenaiva praśnenādhigatatvāttadviṣayo dvitoyaḥ praśno 'narthakaḥ syāt | na cārthavādarūpatvaṃ vākyasya | tasmādbhinnāvetāvātmānau kṣetrajñaparamātmākhyāviti kecidvyācakṣate | tanna | ta iti pratijñānāt | eṣa ta ātmeti hi prativacane pratijñātam | na caikasya kāryakaraṇasaṃghātasya dvāvātmānāvupapadyete | eko hi kāryakaraṇasaṃghāta ekenā'tmanā'tmavān | na coṣastasyānyaḥ kaholasyānyo jātito bhinna ātmā bhavati | dvayoragauṇatvātmatvasarvāntaratvānupapatteḥ | yadyekamagauṇaṃ brahma dvayoritareṇavaśyaṃ gauṇena bhavitavyaṃ tathā'tmatvaṃ sarvāntaratvaṃ ca | viruddhatvātpadārthānām | yadyekaṃ sarvāntaraṃ brahmā'tmā mukhya itareṇāsarvāntareṇānātmanāmukhyenāvaśyaṃ bhavitavyam | tasmādekasyaiva dviḥśravaṇaṃ viśeṣavivakṣayā | yattu pūrvoktena samānaṃ dvitīye praśnāntara uktaṃ tāvanmātraṃ pūrvasyaivānuvādastasyaivānuktaḥ kaścidviśeṣo vaktavya iti | kaḥ punarasau viśeṣa iti | ucyate-pūrvasminpraśne 'sti vyatirikta ātmā yasyāyaṃ saprayojako bandha ukta iti | dvitīye tu tasyaivā'tmano 'śanāyādisaṃsāradharmātītatvaṃ viśeṣa ucyate | yadviśeṣaparijñānātsaṃnyāsasahitātpūrvoktādvandhanādvimucyate | tasmatpraśnaprativacanayoreṣa ta ātmetyevamantayostulyārthataiva | nanu kathamekasyaivā'tmano 'śanāyādyatītatvaṃ tadvatvaṃ ceti viruddhadharmasamavāyitvamiti | na | parihṛtatvāt | nāmarūpavikarakāryakaraṇalakṣaṇasaṃghātopādhibhedasaṃparkajanitabhrāntimātraṃ hi saṃsāritvamityasakṛdavocāma | viruddhaśrativyākhyānaprasaṅgena ca | yathā rajjuśuktikāgaganādayaḥ sarparajatamalinā bhavanti parādhyāropitadharmaviśiṣṭāḥ svataḥ kevalā eva rajjuśuktikāgaganādayaḥ | na caivaṃ viruddhadharmasamavāyitve padārthānāṃ kaścana virodhaḥ | nāmarūpopādhyastitve"ekamevādvitīyam" "neha nānāsti kiñcana"iti śrutayo virudhyeranniti cet | na | salilaphenadṛṣṭāntena parihṛtatvānmṛdādihaṣṭāntaiśca | yadā tu paramārthadṛṣṭyā paramātmatattvācchratyanusāribhiranyatvena nirupyamāṇe nāmarūpe mṛdādivikāravadvastvantare tattvato na staḥ salilaphenaghaṭādivikāravadeva tadā tadapekṣya'ekamevādvitīyaṃ'neha nānāsti kiñcane tyadiparamārthadarśanagocaratvaṃ pratipadyate | yadā tu svābhāvikyāvidyayā brahmasvarūpaṃ rajjuśuktikāgaganasvarūpavadeva svena rūpeṇa vartamānaṃ kenacidaspṛṣṭasvabhāvamapi sannāmarūpakṛtakāryakaraṇopādhibhyo vivekena nāvadhāyate nāmarūpopādhidṛṣṭireva ca bhavati svābhāvikī tadā sarvo 'yaṃ vastvantarāstitvavyavahāraḥ | asti cāyaṃ bhedakṛto mithyāvyavahāro yeṣāṃ brahmatattvādanyatvena vastu vidyate yeṣāṃ ca nāsti | paramārthavādibhistu śrutyanusāreṇa nirūpyamāṇe vastuni kiṃ tattvato 'sti vastu kiṃvā nāstīti brahmaikamevādvitīyaṃ sarvasaṃvyahāraśūnyamiti nirdhāryate tena na kaścidvirodhaḥ | nahi paramārthāvadhāraṇaniṣṭhāyāṃ vastvantarāstitvaṃ pratipadyāmahe | "ekamevādvitīyam" "anantaramabāhyam"iti śruteḥ | na ca nāmarūpavyavahārakāle tvavivekināṃ kriyākārakaphalādisaṃvyavahāro nāstīti pratiṣidhyate | tasmājjñānājñāne apekṣya sarvaḥ saṃvyavahāraḥ jñāstrīyo laukikaśca | ato na kācana virodhaśaṅkā | sarvavādināmapyaparihāryaḥ paramārthasavyavahārakṛto vyavahāraḥ | tatra paramārthātmasvarūpamapekṣya praśnaḥ punaḥ katamo yājñavalkya sarvāntara iti | pratyāhetaro yo 'śanāyāpipāso | aśitumicchāśanāyā pātumicchā pipāsā | te aśanāyāpipāse yo 'tyetīti vakṣyamāṇena sambandhaḥ | avivekibhistalamalavadiva gaganaṃ gamyamānameva talamale atyeti paramārthatastābhyāmasaṃsṛṣṭasvabhāvatvāt | tathā mūḍhairaśanāyāpipāsādimadbrahma gamyamānamapi kṣudhito 'haṃ pipāsito 'hamiti te atyetyeva paramārthatastābhyāmasaṃsṛṣṭasvabhāvatvāt | "na lipyate lokaduḥkhena bāhyaḥ"iti śruteḥ | avidvallokādhyāropitaduḥkhenetyarthaḥ | prāṇaikadharmatvātsamāsakaraṇamaśanāyāpipāsayoḥ | śokaṃ mohaṃ śoka iti kāmaḥ | iṣṭaṃ vastūddiśya cintayato yadaramaṇaṃ tattṛṣṇābhibhūtasya kāmabījaṃ tena hi kāmo dīpyate | mohastu vaparītapratyayaprabhavo 'viveko bhramaḥ | sa cāvidyā sarvasyānarthasya prasavabījam | bhinnakāryatvāttayoḥ śokamohayorasamāsakaraṇam | tau manodhikaraṇau | tathā śarīrādhikaraṇau jarāṃ mṛtyuṃ cātyeti | jareti kāryakaraṇasaṃghātavipariṇāmo valīpalitādiliṅgaḥ | mṛtyuriti tadvicchedo vipariṇāmāvasānaḥ | tau jarāmṛtyū śarīrādhikaraṇāvatyeti | ye te 'śanāyādayaḥ prāṇamanaḥśarīrādhikaraṇāḥ prāṇiṣvanavarataṃ vartamānā ahorātrādivatsamudrormivacca prāṇiṣu saṃsāra ityucyate | yo 'sau dṛṣṭerdraṣṭetyādilakṣaṇaḥ sākṣādavyavahito 'parokṣādagauṇaḥ sarvāntara ātmā brahmādistambaparyantānāṃ bhūtānāmaśanāyāpipāsādibhiḥ saṃsāradharmaiḥ sadā na spṛśyata ākāśa iva ghanādimalaiḥ | tametaṃ vā ātmānaṃ svaṃ tattvaṃ viditvā jñātvāyamahamasmi paraṃ brahma sadā sarvasaṃsāravinirmuktaṃ nityatṛptamiti brāhmaṇāḥ | brāhmaṇānāmevādhikāro vyutthāne 'to brāhmaṇagrahaṇam | vyutthāya vaiparītyenotthānaṃ kṛtvā | kuta ityāha-putraiṣaṇāyāḥ putrārthaiṣaṇā putraiṣaṇā | putreṇemaṃ lokaṃ jayeyamiti lokajayasādhanaṃ putraṃ pratīcchaiṣaṇā dārasaṃgrahaḥ | dārasaṃgrahamakṛtvetyarthaḥ | vittaiṣaṇāyāśca karmasādhanasya gavāderupādānamanena karma kṛtvā pitṛlokaṃ jeṣyāmīti vidyāsaṃyuktena vā devalokaṃ kevalayā vā hiraṇyagarbhavidyayā daivena vittena devalokam | daivādvittādvyutthānameva nāstīti kecit | yasmāttadvalena hi kila vyutthānamiti | tadasat | etāvānvai kāma iti paṭhitatvādeṣaṇāmadhye daivasya vittasya | hiraṇyagarbhādidevātāviṣayaiva vidyā cittamityucyate | devalokahetutvāt | nahi nirupādhikaprajñānaghanaviṣayā brahmavidyā devalokaprāptihetuḥ | "tasmāttatsarvamabhavat" "ātmā hyeṣāṃ sa bhavati"iti śruteḥ | tadbalena hi vyutthānam | "etaṃ vai tamātmānaṃ viditvā"iti viśeṣavacanāt | tasmāttribhyo 'pyatebhyo 'nātmalokaprāptisādhanebhya eṣaṇāviṣayebhyo vyutthāya | eṣaṇā kāmaḥ"etāvānvai kāmaḥ"iti śruteḥ | etasmistrividhe 'nātmalokaprāptisādhane tṛṣṇāmakṛtvetyarthaḥ | sarvā hi sādhanecchā phalecchaiva | ato vyācaṣṭe-śrutirekaivaiṣaṇeti | katham? yā hyeva putraiṣaṇā sā vittaiṣaṇā | dṛṣṭaphalasādhanatvatulyatvāt | yā vittaiṣaṇā sā lokaiṣaṇā phalārthaiva sā | sarvaḥ phalārthaprayukta eva hi sarvaṃ sādhanamupādatte | ata ekaivaiṣaṇā yā lokaiṣaṇā sā sādhanamantareṇa sampādayituṃ na śakyata iti sādhyasādhanabhedenobhe hi yasmādete eṣaṇe eva bhavataḥ | tasmādbrahmavido nāsti karma karmasādhanaṃ vā | ato ye 'tikrāntā brāhmaṇāḥ sarva karma karmasādhanaṃ ca sarva devapitṛmānuṣanimittaṃ yajñopavītādi tena hi daivaṃ pitryaṃ mānuṣaṃ ca karma kriyate"nivītaṃ manuṣyāṇām"ityādiśruteḥ | tasmātpūrva brāhmaṇā brahmavido vyutthāya karmabhyaḥ karmasādhanebhyaśca yajñopavītādibhyaḥ paramahaṃsapārivrājyaṃ pratipadya bhikṣācarya caranti bhikṣārtha caraṇaṃ bhikṣācarya caranti tyaktvā smārta liṅgaṃ kevalamāśramamātraśaraṇānāṃ jīvanasādhanaṃ parivrājyavyañjakam | viddhāṃlliṅgavarjitaḥ | "tasmādaliṅgo dharmajño 'vyaktaliṅgo 'vyaktācāraḥ"ityādismṛtibhyaḥ | "atha parivra ḍavivarṇavāsā muṇḍo 'parigrahaḥ" ityādiśruteḥ | "saśikhānkeśānnikṛtya visṛjya yajñopavītami"ti ca | nanu vyutthāyātha bhikṣācarya carantīti vartamānāpadeśādarthavādo 'yaṃ na vidhāyakaḥ pratyayaḥ kaścicchrūyate liṅloṭtavyānāmanyatamo 'pi | tasmādarthavādamātreṇa śrutismṛtivihitānāṃ yajñopavītādonāṃ sādhanānāṃ na śakyate parityāgaḥ kārayitum | yajñopavītyevādhayīta yājayedyajeta vā |
pārivrājye tāvadadhyayanaṃ vihitam- "vedasaṃnyasanācchūdrastasmādvedaṃ na saṃnyaset"iti |
"svādhyāya evotsṛjamāno vācam"iti cā'pastambaḥ |
"brahmojjhaṃ vedanindā ca kauṭasākṣyaṃ suhṛdvadhaḥ |
garhitānnādyayorjagdhiḥ surāpānasamni ṣaṭ" ||
iti vedaparityāge doṣaśravaṇāt | "upāsane gurūṇāṃ vṛddhānāmatithīnāṃ home japyakarmaṇi bhojana ācamane svādhyāye ca yajñopavītī syād"iti parivrājakadharmeṣu ca gurūpāsanasvādhyāyabhojanācamānādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ śrutismṛtiṣukartavyatayā coditatvādgurvādyupāsanāṅgatvena yajñopavītasya vihitatvāttatparityāgo naivāvagantuṃ śakyate | yadyapyeṣaṇābhyo vyutthānaṃ vidhīyata eva tathāpi putrādyeṣaṇābhyastisṛbhya eva vyutthānaṃ na tu sarvasmātkarmaṇaḥ karmasādhanācca vyutthānam | sarvaparityāge cāśrutaṃ kṛtaṃ syācchutaṃ ca yajñopavītādi hāpitaṃ syāt | tathā ca mahānaparādho vihitākaraṇapratiṣiddhācaraṇanimittaḥ kṛtaḥ syāt | tasmādyajñopavītādiliṅgaparityāgo 'ndhaparamparaiva | na | "yajñopavītaṃ vedāṃśca sarva tadvarjayedyatiḥ"iti śruteḥ | api cā'tmajñānaparatvātmarvasyā upaniṣadaḥ | ātmā draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavyo mantavya iti hi prastutaṃ sa cā'tmaiva sākṣādaparokṣātsarvāntaro 'śanāyādisaṃsāradharmavarjita ityevaṃ vijñeya iti tāvatprasiddham | sarvā hīyamupaniṣadevaṃpareti vidhyantaraśeṣatva tāvannāstyato nārthavādaḥ | ātmajñānasya kartavyatvāt | ātmā cāśanāyādidharmavānna bhavatīti sādhanaphalavilakṣaṇo jñātavyaḥ | ate 'vyatirekeṇā'tmano jñānamavidyā | "anyo 'sāvanyo 'hamasmīti na sa veda" "mṛtyoḥ sa mṛtyumāpnoti ya iha nāneva paśyati" "ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam""ekamevādvitīyam" "tattvamasi"ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | kriyāphalaṃ sādhanaṃ cāśanāyādisaṃsāradharmātītādātmano 'nyadavidyāviṣayam | "yatra hi dvaitamiva bhavati" "anyo 'sāvanyo 'hamasmīti na sa veda" "atha ye 'nyathāto viduḥ"ityādivākyaśatebhyaḥ | na ca vidyāvidye ekasya puruṣasya yaha bhavato virodhāttamaḥ prakāśāviva | tasmādātmavido 'vidyāviṣayo 'dhikāro na draṣṭavyaḥ kriyākārakaphalabhedarūpaḥ | "mṛtyoḥ sa mṛtyumāpnoti"ityādi ninditatvāt | sarvakriyāsādhanaphalānāṃ cāvidyāviṣayāṇāṃ tadviparītātmavidyayā hātavyatveneṣṭatvāt | yajñopavītādisādhanānāṃ ca tadviṣayatvāt | tasmādasādhanaphalasvabhāvādātmano 'nyaviṣayā vilakṣaṇaiṣaṇā | ubhe hyete sādhanaphale eṣaṇe eva bhavataḥ | yajñopavītādestatsādhyakarmaṇāṃ ca sādhanatvāt | ubhe hyete eṣaṇe eveti hetuvacanenāvadhāraṇāt | yajñopavītādisādhanāttatsādhyebhyaśca karmabhyo 'vidyāviṣayatvādeṣaṇārūpatvācca jihāsitavyarūpatvācca vyutthānaṃ vidhitsitameva | nanu upaniṣada ātmajñānaparatvād vyutthānaśrutiḥ tatstutyarthā, na vidhiḥ | na;vidhitsitavijñānena samānakartṛkatvaśravaṇāt | na hi akartavyena kartavyasya samānakartṛkatvena vede kadācidapi śravaṇaṃ sambhavati;kartavyānāmeva hi abhipavabahomabhakṣāṇāṃ yathā śravaṇam, abhiputya hutvā bhakṣayantīti, tadvadātmajñānaiṣaṇāvyutthānabhikṣācaryāṇāṃ kartavyānāmeva samānakartṛkatvaśravaṇaṃ bhavet | avidyāviṣayatvādeṣaṇātvācca arthaprāpta ātmajñānavidhereva yajñopavītādiparityāgaḥ, na tu vidhātavya iti cet!sutarāmātmajñānavidhinaiva vihitasya samānakartṛkatvaśravaṇena dārḍhyepapattiḥ, tathā bhikṣācaryasya ca | yat punaruktaṃ vartamānāpadeśādarthavādamātramiti - na, audumbarayūpādividhisamānatvādadoṣaḥ | 'vyutthāya bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti'ityanena pārivrājyaṃ vidhīyate, pārivrājyāśrame ca yajñopavītādisādhanāni vihitāni, liṅgaṃ ca śrutibhiḥ smṛtiśca | atastad varjayitvā anyasmād vyutthānam eṣaṇātve 'pīti cet? na, vijñānasamānakartṛkāt pārivrājyādeṣaṇāvyutthānalakṣaṇāt pārivrājyāntaropapatteḥ;yaddhi tadeṣaṇābhyo vyutthānalakṣaṇaṃ pārivrājyaṃ tadātmajñānāṅgam, ātmajñānavirodhyeṣaṇāparityāgarūpatvāt, avidyāviṣayatvāccaiṣaṇāyāḥ, tadvyatirekeṇa cāstyāśramarūpaṃ pārivrājyaṃ brahmalokādiphalaprāptisādhanam, yadviṣayaṃ yajñopavītādisādhanavidhānaṃ siṅgavidhānaṃ ca | na ca eṣaṇārūpasādhanāpādānasya āśramadharmamātreṇa pārivrājyāntare viṣaye sambhavati sati, sarvopaniṣadvihitasya ātmajñānasya bādhanaṃ yuktam, yajñopavītādyavidyāviṣayaiṣaṇārūpasādhanopāditsāyāṃ cāvaśyam asādhanaphalarūpasya aśanāyādisaṃsāradharmavarjitasya ahaṃ brahmāsmi, ithi vijñānaṃ bādhyate, na ca tadrādhanaṃ yuktam. sarvopaniṣadāṃ tadarthaparatvāt | 'bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti'ityeṣaṇāṃ grāhayantī śrutiḥ svayameva bādhata iti cet? athāpi syādeṣaṇābhyo vyutthānaṃ vidhāya punareṣaṇakadeśaṃ bhikṣācaryagrāhayantī tatsambaddhamanyadapi grāhayatīti cet? na, bhikṣācaryasyāprayojakatvād hutvottarakālabhakṣaṇāt | śeṣapratipattikarmatvādaprayojakaṃ hi tat, asaṃskāramapi syāt, na tu bhikṣācaryam;niyamādṛṣṭasyāpi brahmavido 'niṣṭatvāt | niyamādṛṣṭasyāniṣṭatve kiṃ bhikṣācaryeṇeti cet! na, anyasādhanād vyutthānasya vihitatvāt | tathāpi kiṃ teneti cet? yadi syāt, bādhamabhyupagamyate hi tat | yāni pārivrājye 'bhihitāni vacanāni'yajñopavītyevādhīyīta'ityādīni, tānyavidvatpārivrājyamātraviṣayāṇīti parihṛtāni;itarathā ātmajñānabādhaḥ syāditi hyuktam,"nirāśiṣamanārambhaṃ nirnamastāramastutim | akṣīṇaṃ kṣīṇakarmāṇaṃ taṃ devā brāhmaṇe viduḥ"iti sarvakarmābhāvaṃ darśayati smṛtirviduṣaḥ,"vidvāṃliṅgo dharmajñaḥ"iti ca | tasmāt paramahaṃsapārivrājyameva vyutthānalakṣaṇaṃ pratipadyetātmavit sarvakarmasādhanaparityāgarūpamiti | yasmāt pūrve brāhmaṇā etamātmānam asādhanaphalasvabhāvaṃ viditvā sarvasmāt sādhanaphalasvarūpādeṣaṇālakṣaṇād vyutthāya bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti sma, dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthaṃ karma tatsādhanaṃ ca hitvā, tasmād adyatve 'pi brāhmaṇo brahmavit pāṇḍityaṃ paṇḍitabhāvam, etadātmavijñānaṃ pāṇḍityam, nirvidya niḥśeṣaṃ viditvā ātmavijñānaṃ niravaśeṣaṃ kṛtvetyarthaḥ - ācāryata āgamataśca, eṣaṇābhyo vyutthāya-eṣaṇāvyutthānāvasānameva hi tat pāṇḍityam eṣaṇātiraskārodbhavatvādeṣaṇāvirudvatvāt;eṣaṇāmatiraskṛtya na hyātmajñānenaiva vihitameṣaṇāvyutthānam ātmajñānasamānakartṛkatvāpratyayopādānaliṅgaśrutyād daḍhīkṛtam | tasmādepaṇābhyo vyutthāya jñānabanabhāvena bālyena tiṣṭhāset sthātumicchet | sādhanaphalāśrayaṇaṃ hi balamitareṣāmanātmavidām, tad balaṃ hitvā vidvān asādhanaphalasvarūpātmavijñānameva balaṃ tadbhāvameva kevalamāśrayet, tadāśrayaṇe hi karaṇānyeṣaṇāvipaye enaṃ hratvā sthāpayituṃ nītsahante;jñānabalahīnaṃ hi mūḍhaṃd daṣṭādṛṣṭaviṣayāyām eṣaṇāyāmevainaṃ karaṇāni niyojayanti;balaṃ nāma ātmavidyayāśeṣaviṣayadṛṣṭitiraskaraṇam;atastadbhāvena bālyena tiṣṭhāset;tathā"ātmanā bindate vīryam"iti śrutyantarāt | "nāyamātmā balahīnena labhyaḥ"iti ca | bālyaṃ ca pāṇḍityaṃ ca nirvidya niḥśeṣaṃ kṛtvātha mananānmuniryogī bhavati;etāvadvi brāhmaṇena kartavyam, yaduta sarvānātmapratyayatiraskaraṇam;etat kṛtvā kṛtakṛtyo yogī bhavati |
amaunaṃ ca ātmajñānānātmapratyayatiraskārau pāṇḍityabālyasaṃjñakau niḥśeṣaṃ kṛtvā, maunaṃ nāma anātmapratyayatiraskaraṇasya parthavasānaṃ phalam, tacca nirvidyātha brāhmaṇaḥ kutakṛtyo bhavatibrahmaiva sarvamiti pratyaya upajāyate |
sa brāhmaṇaḥ kutakṛtyaḥ, ato brāhmaṇaḥ, nirūpacaritaṃ hi tadā tasya brāhmaṇyaṃ prāptam;kena syāt kena caraṇena bhavet? yena syād yena caraṇena bhavet, tenedṛśa evāyam-yena kenaciccaraṇena syāt tenedṛśa eva uktalakṣaṇa eva brāhmaṇo bhavati;yena kenaciccaraṇeneti stutyartham-yeyaṃ brāhmaṇyāvasthā seyaṃ stūyate, na tu caraṇe 'nādaraḥ |
ata etasmād brāhmaṇyāvasthānāda aśanāyādyatītātmasvarūpād nityatṛptād anyad avidyāvipayam eṣaṇālakṣaṇaṃ vastvantaram, ārta vināśi ārtiparigṛhītam, svapnamāyāmarīcyudakasamam asāram, ātmaivākaḥ kevalo nityamukta iti |
tato ha kaholaḥ kaupātakeyaḥ upararāma || 1 ||
yat sākṣādaparokṣād brahma sarvantara ātmetyuktam, tasya sarvāntarasya svarūpādhigamāya ā śākalyabrāhmaṇād grantha ārabhyate | pṛthivyādīni hyākāśāntāni bhūtāni antarvahirbhāvena vyavasthitāni;teṣāṃ yad bāhyaṃ bādyam avigamyādhigamya nirākurvan draṣṭuḥ sākṣāt sarvāntaro 'gauṇa ātmā sarvasaṃsāradharmavinirmukto darśayitavya ityārambhaḥ----

atha hainaṃ gārgī vācaknavī papraccha -- yājñavalkyeti hovāca | yad idaṃ sarvam apsv otaṃ ca protaṃ ca kasmin nu khalv āpa otāś ca protāś ceti | vāyau gārgīti | kasmin nu khalu vāyur otaś ca protaś ceti | antarikṣalokeṣu gārgīti | kasmin nu khalv antarikṣalokā otaś ca protaś ceti | gandharvalokeṣu gārgīti | kasmin nu khalu gandharvalokā otāś ca protāś ceti | adityalokeṣu gārgīti | kasmin nu khalv ādityalokā otāś ca protāś ceti | candralokeṣu gārgīti | kasmin nu khalu candralokā otāś ca protāś ceti | nakṣatralokeṣu gārgīti | kasmin nu khalu nakṣatralokā otāś ca protāś ceti | devalokeṣu gārgīti | kasmin nu khalu devalokā otāś ca protāś ceti | indralokeṣu gārgīti | kasmin nu khalv indralokā otāś ca protāś ceti | prajāpatilokeṣu gārgīti | kasmin nu khalu prajāpatilokā otāś ca protāś ceti | brahmalokeṣu gārgīti | kasmin nu khalu brahmalokā otāś ca protāś ceti | sa hovāca -- gārgi mātiprākṣīḥ | mā te mūrdhā vyapaptat | anatipraśnyāṃ vai devatām atipṛcchasi | gārgi mātiprākṣīr iti | tato ha gārgī vācaknavy upararāma ||

SIXTH BRÂHMANA
Then Gârgî Vâkaknavî asked. 'Yâgñavalkya,' she said, 'everything here is woven, like warp and woof, in water. What then is that in which water is woven, like warp and woof?' 'In air, O Gârgî,' he replied. 'In what then is air woven, like warp and woof?' 'In the worlds of the sky, O Gârgî, 'he replied. 'In what then are the worlds of the sky woven, like warp and woof?' 'In the worlds of the Gandharvas, O Gârgî,' he replied. 'In what then are the worlds of the Gandharvas woven, like warp and woof?' 'In the worlds of Âditya (sun), O Gârgî,' he replied. 'In what then are the worlds of Âditya (sun) woven, like warp and woof?' 'In the worlds of Kandra (moon), O Gârgî,' he replied. 'In what then are the worlds of Kandra (moon) woven, like warp and woof?' 'In the worlds of the Nakshatras (stars), O Gârgî,' he replied. 'In what then are the worlds of the Nakshatras (stars) woven, like warp and woof?' 'In the worlds of the Devas (gods), O Gârgî,' he replied. 'In what then are the worlds of the Devas (gods) woven, like warp and woof?' 'In the worlds of Indra, O Gârgî,' he replied. 'In what then are the worlds of Indra woven, like warp and woof?' 'In the worlds of Pragâpati, O Gârgî,' he replied. 'In what then are the worlds of Pragâpati woven, like warp and woof?' 'In the worlds of Brahman, O Gârgî,' he replied. 'In what then are the worlds of Brahman woven, like warp and woof?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'O Gârgî, Do not ask too much, lest thy head should fall off. Thou askest too much about a deity about which we are not to ask too much. Do not ask too much, O Gârgî.' After that Gargî Vâkaknavî held her peace.

atha hainaṃ gārgī nāmataḥ, vācaknavīvacakrorduhitā, papraccha;yājñavalkyeti hovāca;yadidaṃ sarvaṃ pārthivaṃ dhātujātam apsūdake otaṃ ca protaṃ ca, otaṃ dīrghapaṭatantuvat protaṃ tiryaktantuvad viparītaṃ vā-adbhiḥ sarvato 'ntarbahirbhūtābhirvyāptamityarthaḥ, anyathā saktumuṣṭivad viśīryeta | idaṃ tāvadanumānamupanyastam-yat kāryaṃ paricchinnaṃ sthūlam, kāraṇenāparicchinnena sūkṣmeṇa vyāptamitid daṣṭam-yathā pṛthivī adbhiḥ, tathāpūrvaṃ pūrvamuttareṇottareṇa vyāpinā bhavitavyam, ityeṣa ā sarvāntarādātmanaḥ praśnārthaḥ | tatra bhūtāni pañca saṃhatānyevottaramuttaraṃ sūkṣamabhāvena vyāpakena kāraṇarūpeṇa ca vyavatiṣṭhante, na ca paramātmanor'vāk tadvayatirekeṇavastvantaramasti"satyasya satyam"iti śruteḥ | satyaṃ ca bhūtapañcakam satyasya satyaṃ ca para ātmā | kasminnu khalvāpa otāścaprotāśceti-tāsāmapi kāryatvāt sthūlatvāt paricchinnatvācca kacidvi otaprotabhāvena bhavitavyam;kva tāsāmetayotabhāva iti | evamutarottaraprakṣaṇasaṅgoyojayitavyaḥ | vāyau gārgīti | nanvagnāviti vaktavyam!naipa doṣaḥ, agneḥ pārthivaṃ vā āpyaṃ vā dhātumanāśritya itarabhūtavat svātantryeṇa ātmalābho nāstīti tasminnotaprotabhāvo nopadiśyate | kasminnu khalu vāyurotaśca protaścetyantarikṣalokeṣu gārgīti tānyeva bhūtāni saṃhatānyantarikṣalokāḥ, tānyapi gandharvalokeṣu, gandharvalokā ādityalokeṣu, ādityalokāścandralokeṣu, candralokā nakṣatralokeṣu, nakṣatralokā devalokeṣu, devalokā indralokeṣu, indralokā virāṭśarīrāraṃmakeṣu bhūteṣu prajāpatilokeṣu, prajāpatilokā brahmalokeṣu |
brahmalokā nāma aṇḍāraṃmakāṇi bhūtāni;sarvatra hi sūkṣmatāratamyakrameṇa prāpyubhogāśrayākārapariṇatāni bhūtāni saṃhatāni tānyeva pañceti bahuvacanamāñji |
kasminnu khalu brahmalokā otāśca protāśceti-sa hovāca yājñavalkyo he gārgī mātiprākṣīḥ svaṃ praśnam, nyāyaprakāramatītya āgamena praṣṭabyāṃ devatāmanumānena mā prākṣīrityarthaḥ, pṛcchantyāśca mā te tava mūrdhā śiro vyapatad vispaṣṭaṃ patet;devatāyāḥ svapraśna āgamaviṣayaḥ;taṃ praśnaviṣayamatikrānto gārgyāḥ praśnaḥ;ānumānikatvāt sa yasyā devatāyāḥ praśnaḥ sātipraśnyā, nātipraśnyānatipraśnyā, svapraśraviṣayaiva, kevalāgamagamyetyarthaḥ, tāmanatipraśnyāṃ vai devatāmatipṛcchasi |
ato gārgi mātiprākṣīḥ, martuṃ cennecchasi |
tato ha gārgī vācaknavī upararāma || 1 ||
iti tṛtīyādhyāye ṣaṣṭhaṃ gārgībrāhmaṇam || 6 ||
idānīṃ brahmalokānāmantaratamaṃ sūtraṃ va ktavyamiti tadartha ārambhaḥ, tacca āgamenaiva praṣṭavyamitītihāsena āgamopanyāsaḥ kriyate--

athainam uddālaka āruṇiḥ papraccha -- yājñavalkyeti hovāca | madreṣv avasāma patañcalasya kāpyasya gṛheṣu yajñam adhīyānāḥ | tasyāsīd bhāryā gandharvagṛhītā | tam apṛcchāma -- ko 'sīti | so 'bravīt kabandha ātharvaṇa iti | so 'bravīt patañcalaṃ kāpyaṃ yājñikāṃś ca -- vettha nu tvaṃ kāpya tat sūtraṃ yasminn ayaṃ ca lokaḥ paraś ca lokaḥ sarvāṇi ca bhūtāni saṃdṛbdhāni bhavantīti | so 'bravīt patañcalaḥ kāpyo nāhaṃ tad bhagavan vedeti | so 'bravīt patañcalaṃ kāpyaṃ yājñikāṃś ca | vettha nu tvaṃ kāpya tam antaryāmiṇaṃ ya imaṃ ca lokaṃ paraṃ ca lokaṃ sarvāṇi ca bhūtāny antaro yamayati | so 'bravīt patañcalaḥ kāpyo nāhaṃ taṃ bhagavan vedeti | so 'bravīt patañcalaṃ kāpyaṃ yājñikāṃś ca | yo vai tat kāpya sūtraṃ vidyāt taṃ cāntaryāmiṇam iti sa brahmavit sa lokavit sa devavit sa vedavit sa ātmavit sa sarvavit | iti tebhyo 'bravīt | tad ahaṃ veda | tac cet tvaṃ yājñavalkya sūtram avidvāṃs taṃ cāntaryāmiṇaṃ brahmagavīr udajase mūrdhā te vipatiṣyati | veda vā ahaṃ gautama tat sūtraṃ taṃ cāntaryāmiṇam iti | yo vā idaṃ kaśca brūyād veda vedeti yathā vettha tathā brūhīti ||

SEVENTH BRÂHMANA
1. 1. Then Uddâlaka Âruni asked. 'Yâgñavalkya,' he said, 'we dwelt among the Madras in the houses of Patañkala Kâpya, studying the sacrifice. His wife was possessed of a Gandharva, and we asked him: "Who art thou?" He answered: "I am Kabandha Âtharvana." And he said to Patañkala Kâpya and to (us) students: "Dost thou know, Kâpya, that thread by which this world and the other world, and all beings are strung together?" And Patañkala Kâpya replied: "I do not know it, Sir." He said again to Patañkala Kâpya and to (us) students: "Dost thou know, Kâpya, that puller (ruler) within (antaryâmin), who within pulls (rules) this world and the other world and all beings?" And Patañkala Kâpya replied: "I do not know it, Sir." He said again to Patañkala Kâpya and to (us) students: "He, O Kâpya, who knows that thread and him who pulls (it) within, he knows Brahman, he knows the worlds, he knows the Devas, he knows the Vedas, he knows the Bhûtas (creatures), he knows the Self, he knows everything." Thus did he (the Gandharva) say to them, and I know it. If thou, O Yâgñavalkya, without knowing that string and the puller within, drivest away those Brahma-cows (the cows offered as a prize to him who best knows Brahman), thy head will fall off.'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'O Gautama, I believe I know that thread and the puller within.' The other said: 'Anybody may say, I know, I know. Tell what thou knowest.'

atha hainamuddālako nāmataḥ, aruṇasyāpatyamāruṇiḥ papraccha;yājñavalkyeti hovāca;madreṣu deśeṣvavasāmoṣitavantaḥ, patañcalasya-patañcalo nāmatastasyaiva kapigotrasya kāpyasya gṛheṣu yajñamadhīyānā yaśaśāstrādhyayanaṃ kurvāṇāḥ | tasyāsīd bhāryā gandharvagṛhītā;tamapṛcchāma-ko 'sīti;so 'bravīt kabandho nāmataḥ, atharvaṇo 'patyamātharvaṇa iti | so 'bravīd gāndharvaḥ patañcalaṃ kāpyaṃ yājñikāṃśca tacchipyān-vettha nu tvaṃ he kāpya jānīṣe tat sūtram? kiṃ tat? yena sūtreṇāyaṃ ca leka idaṃ ca janma, paraśca lokaḥ paraṃ ca pratipattavyaṃ janma, sarvāṇi ca bhūtāni brahmādistambaparyantāni, sandṛbdhāni saṅgrathitāni sragiva sūtreṇa viṣṭabdhāni bhavanti yena-tat kiṃ sūtraṃ vettha? so 'bravīdevaṃ pṛṣṭaḥ kāpyaḥ-nāhaṃ tad bhagavan vedeti, tat sūtraṃ nāhaṃ jāne he bhagavanniti sampūjayannāha | so 'bravīt punargandharva upādhyāyamasmāṃśca-vettha na tvaṃ kāpya tamantaryāmiṇam? antaryāmīti viśeṣyate-ya imaṃ ca lokaṃ paraṃ ca lokaṃ sarvāṇi ca bhūtāni yo 'ntarābhyantaraḥ san yamayati niyamayati, dāruyantramiva brāmayati, svaṃ svamucitavyāpāraṃ kārayatīti | so 'bravīdevamuktaḥ patañcalaḥ kāpyaḥ-nāhaṃ taṃ jāne bhagavanniti sampūjayannāha | so 'bravīt punargandharvaḥ;sūtratadantargatāntaryāmiṇorvijñānaṃ stūyate-yaḥ kaścid vai tat sūtraṃ he kāpya bavidyād vijānīyāt taṃ cāntaryāmiṇaṃ sūtrāntargataṃ tasyaiva sūtrasya niyantāraṃ vidyāt yaḥ-ityevamuktena prakāreṇa, sa hi brahmavita paramātmavit sa lokāṃśca bhūrādīnantaryāmiṇā niyamyamānāṃllokān vetti, sa devāṃścāgnyādīṃllokino jānāti, vedāṃśca sarvapramāṇabhūtān vetti, bhūtāni ca brahmādīni sūtreṇa dhiyamāṇāni tadantargatenāntaryāmiṇā niyamyamānāni vetti, sa ātmānaṃ ca kartṛtvabhoktṛtvaviśiṣṭaṃ tenaivāntaryāmiṇā niyamyamānaṃ vetti, sarvaṃ ca jagata tathābhūtaṃ vettīti |
evaṃ stute sūtrāntaryāmivijñāne pralubdhaḥ kāpyo 'bhimukhībhūtaḥ, vayaṃ ca;tebhyaścāsmabhyamabhimukhībhūtebhyobravīd gandharvaḥ sūtramantaryāmiṇaṃ ca;tadahaṃ sūtrānitaryāmivijñānaṃ veda gandharvāllabdhāgamaḥ san |
tacced yājñavalkya sūtraṃ taṃ cāntaryāmiṇamavidvāṃścebrahmavit san yadi brahmagavīrudajatase brahmavidāṃ svabhūtā gā udajase unnayasi tvam anyāyena, tato macchāpadagdhasya mūrdhā śiraste tava vispaṣṭaṃ ṣatiṣyati |
evamukto yājñavalkya āhaveda jānāmyahaṃ he gautameti gotrataḥ, tat sūtraṃ yad gandharvastubhyamuktavān yaṃ cāntaryāmiṇaṃ gandharvād viditavanto yūyam, taṃ cāntaryāmiṇaṃ vedāhamiti |
evamukto pratyāha gautamaḥ-yaḥ kaścit prākṛta idaṃ yattavayoktaṃ brūyāt-katham? veda vedeti-ātmānaṃ ślāghayan, kiṃ tena garjitena kāryeṇa darśaya;yathā vetya tathā brūhīti || 1 ||

sa hovaca -- vāyur vai gautama tat sūtram | vāyunā vai gautama sūtreṇāyaṃ ca lokaḥ paraś ca lokaḥ sarvāṇi ca bhūtāni saṃdṛbdhāni bhavanti | tasmād vai gautama puruṣaṃ pretam āhur vyasraṃsiṣatāsyāṅgānīti | vāyunā hi gautama sūtreṇa samdṛbdhāni bhavantīti | evam evaitad yājñavalkya | antaryāmiṇaṃ brūhīti ||

2. Yâgñavalkya said: 'Vâyu (air) is that thread, O Gautama. By air, as by a thread, O Gautama, this world and the other world, and all creatures are strung together. Therefore, O Gautama, people say of a dead person that his limbs have become unstrung; for by air, as by a thread, O Gautama, they were strung together.' The other said: 'So it is, O Yâgñavalkya. Tell now (who is) the puller within.'

sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ |
brahmalokā yasminnotāśca protāśca vartamānekāle, yathā pṛthivyapsu, tat sūtram āgamagamyaṃ vattavyamiti tadarthaṃ praśnāntaramutthāpitam;atastannirṇayāyāha-vāyurvai gautama tat sūtram, nānyat;vāyuriti sūkṣmamākāśavadviṣṭambhakaṃ pṛthivyādīnām, yadātmakaṃ saptadaśavidhaṃ liṅgaṃ karmavāsanāsamavāyi prāṇinām, yattat samaṣṭivyaṣṭyātmakam, yasya bāhyā medāḥ saptasapta marudraṇāḥ samudrasyevormayaḥ, tadetad vāyavyaṃ tattvaṃ sūtrāmityabhidhīyate |
vāyunā vai gautama sūtreṇāyaṃ ca lokaḥ paraśca lokaḥ sarvāṇi ca bhūtāni sandṛbdhāni bhavanti saṅprathitāni bhavantīti prasiddhametat |
asti ca loke prasiddhiḥ, katham? yasmād vāyuḥ sūtram, vāyunā vidhṛtaṃ sarvam, tasmād vai gautama puruṣaṃ pretamāhuḥ kathayanti - vyasraṃsipata visrastānyasyapuruṣasyāṅgānīti;sūtrāpagame hi maṇyādīnāṃ protāni yad yasyāṅgāni syustato yuktametad vāyvapagame 'vasraṃsanamaṅgānām ato vāyunā hi gautama sūtreṇa sandṛbdhāni bhavantīti nigamayati |
evamevaitad yājñavalkya samyaguktaṃ sūtram;tadantargataṃ tvidānīṃ tasyaiva sūtrasya niyantāramantaryāmiṇaṃ brūhītyukta āha || 2 ||

yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan pṛthivyā antaro yaṃ pṛthivī na veda yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ yaḥ pṛthivīm antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

3. Yâgñavalkya said: 'He who dwells in the earth, and within the earth, whom the earth does not know, whose body the earth is, and who pulls (rules) the earth within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan bhavati, so 'ntaryāmī, sarvaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhatīti sarvatra prasaṅgo mā bhūditi viśinaṣṭi - pṛthivyā antaro 'bhyantaraḥ |
tatraitat syāt pṛthivīdevataiva antaryāmītyata āha - yamantaryāmiṇaṃ pṛthivī devatāpi na veda mayyanyaḥ kaścidvartata iti |
yasya pṛthivī śarīram-yasya ca pṛthivyeva śarīram, nānyat-pṛthivīdevatāyā yaccharīram, tadeva śarīraṃ yasya, śarīragrahaṇaṃ copalakṣaṇārtham, karaṇaṃ ca pṛthivyāḥ, tasya svakarmaprayuktaṃ hi kāryaṃ ca pṛthivīdevatāyāḥ, tadasya svakarmābhāvādantaryāmiṇo nityamuktatvāt |
parārthakartavyatāsvabhāvatvāt parasya yat kāryaṃ karaṇaṃ ca tadevāsya, na svataḥ, tadāha-yasya pṛthivī śarīramiti |
devatākāryakaraṇasyeśvarasākṣimātrasānnidhyena hi niyamenapravṛttinivṛttī syātām;ya īdṛgīśvaro nārāyaṇākhyaḥ, pṛthirvī pṛthivīdevatām, yamayati niyamayati svavyāpāre, antaro 'bhyantarastiṣṭhan, eṣa ta ātmā, te tava, mama ca sarvabhūtānāṃ cetyupalakṣaṇārthametat;antaryāmī yastvayāpṛṣṭaḥ, amṛtaḥ sarvasaṃsāradharmavarjita ityetat || 3 ||

yo 'psu tiṣṭhann adbhyo 'ntaro yam āpo na vidur yasyāpaḥ śarīraṃ yo 'po 'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

4. 'He who dwells in the water, and within the water, whom the water does not know, whose body the water is, and who pulls (rules) the water within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yo 'gnau tiṣṭhann agner antaro yam agnir na veda yasyāgniḥ śarīraṃ yo 'gnim antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

5. 'He who dwells in the fire, and within the fire, whom the fire does not know, whose body the fire is, and who pulls (rules) the fire within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yo 'ntarikṣe tiṣṭhann antarikṣād antaro yam antarikṣaṃ na veda yasyāntarikṣaṃ śarīraṃ yo 'ntarikṣam antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

6. 'He who dwells in the sky, and within the sky, whom the sky does not know, whose body the sky is, and who pulls (rules) the sky within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yo vāyau tiṣṭhan vāyor antaro yaṃ vāyur na veda yasya vāyuḥ śarīraṃ yo vāyum antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

7. 'He who dwells in the air (vâyu), and within the air, whom the air does not know, whose body the air is, and who pulls (rules) the air within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yo divi tiṣṭhan divo 'ntaro yaṃ dyaur na veda yasya dyauḥ śarīraṃ yo divam antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

8. 'He who dwells in the heaven (dyu), and within the heaven, whom the heaven does not know, whose body the heaven is, and who pulls (rules) the heaven within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

ya āditye tiṣṭhann ādityād antaro yam ādityo na veda yasyādityaḥ śarīraṃ ya ādityam antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

9. 'He who dwells in the sun (Âditya), and within the sun, whom the sun does not know, whose body the sun is, and who pulls (rules) the sun within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yo dikṣu tiṣṭhan digbhyo 'ntaro yaṃ diśo na vidur yasya diśaḥ śarīraṃ yo diśo 'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

10. 'He who dwells in the space (disah), and within the space, whom the space does not know, whose body the space is, and who pulls (rules) the space within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yaś candratārake tiṣṭhañ candratārakād antaro yaṃ candratārakaṃ na veda yasya candratārakaṃ śarīraṃ yaś candratārakam antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

11. 'He who dwells in the moon and stars (kandra-târakam), and within the moon and stars, whom the moon and stars do not know, whose body the moon and stars are, and who pulls (rules) the moon and stars within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

ya ākāśe tiṣṭhann ākāśād antaro yam ākāśo na veda yasyākāśaḥ śarīraṃ ya ākāśam antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

12. 'He who dwells in the ether (âkâsa), and within the ether, whom the ether does not know, whose body the ether is, and who pulls (rules) the ether within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yas tamasi tiṣṭhaṃs tamaso 'ntaro yaṃ tamo na veda yasya tamaḥ śarīraṃ yas tamo 'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

13. 'He who dwells in the darkness (tamas), and within the darkness, whom the darkness does not know, whose body the darkness is, and who pulls (rules) the darkness within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yas tejasi tiṣṭhaṃs tejaso 'ntaro yaṃ tejo na veda yasya tejaḥ śarīraṃ yas tejo 'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

14. 'He who dwells in the light (tegas), and within the light, whom the light does not know, whose body the light is, and who pulls (rules) the light within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.' So far with respect to the gods (adhidaivatam); now with respect to beings (adhibhûtam).

samānamanyat |
yo 'psu tiṣṭhan-agnau, antarikṣe, vāyau, divi, āditye, yastamasyāvaraṇātmake bāhye tamasi, tejasi tadviparīte prakāśasāmānye ityevamadhidaivatam antaryāmiviṣayaṃ darśanaṃ devatāsu |
athādhibhūtaṃ bhūteṣu brahmadistambaparyanteṣu antaryāmidaśanamadhibhūtam || 4 -14 ||

athādhibhūtam | yaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhan sarvebhyo bhūtebhyo 'ntaro yaṃ sarvāṇi bhūtāni na vidur yasya sarvāṇi bhutāni śarīraṃ yaḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāny antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ | ity adhibhūtam ||

15. Yâgñavalkya said: 'He who dwells in all beings, and within all beings, whom all beings do not know, whose body all beings are, and who pulls (rules) all beings within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

athādhyātmam | yaḥ prāṇe tiṣṭhan prāṇād antaro yaṃ prāṇo na veda yasya prāṇaḥ śarīraṃ yaḥ prāṇam antaro yamayati eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

16. 'He who dwells in the breath (prâna), and within the breath, whom the breath does not know, whose body the breath is, and who pulls (rules) the breath within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yo vāci tiṣṭhan vāco 'ntaro yaṃ vāṅ na veda yasya vāk śarīraṃ yo vācam antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

17. 'He who dwells in the tongue (vâk), and within the tongue, whom the tongue does not know, whose body the tongue is, and who pulls (rules) the tongue within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yaś cakṣuṣi tiṣṭhañ cakṣuṣo 'ntaro yaṃ cakṣur na veda yasya cakṣuḥ śarīraṃ yaś cakṣur antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

18. 'He who dwells in the eye, and within the eye, whom the eye does not know, whose body the eye is, and who pulls (rules) the eye within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yaḥ śrotre tiṣṭhañ chrotrād antaro yaṃ śrotraṃ na veda yasya śrotraṃ śarīraṃ yaḥ śrotram antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

19. 'He who dwells in the ear, and within the ear, whom the ear does not know, whose body the ear is, and who pulls (rules) the ear within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yo manasi tiṣṭhan manaso 'ntaro yaṃ mano na veda yasya manaḥ śarīraṃ yo mano 'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

20. 'He who dwells in the mind, and within the mind, whom the mind does not know, whose body the mind is, and who pulls (rules) the mind within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yas tvaci tiṣṭhaṃs tvaco 'ntaro yaṃ tvaṅ na veda yasya tvak śarīraṃ yas tvacam antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

21. 'He who dwells in the skin, and within the skin, whom the skin does not know, whose body the skin is, and who pulls (rules) the skin within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yo vijñāne tiṣṭhan vijñānād antaro yaṃ vijñānaṃ na veda yasya vijñānaṃ śarīraṃ yo vijñānam antaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ ||

22. 'He who dwells in knowledge, and within knowledge, whom knowledge does not know, whose body knowledge is, and who pulls (rules) knowledge within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal.'

yo retasi tiṣṭhaṃ retaso 'ntaro yaṃ reto na veda yasya retaḥ śarīraṃ yo reto 'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ | adṛṣṭo draṣṭāśrutaḥ śrotāmato mantāvijñato vijñātā | nānyo 'to 'sti draṣṭā nānyo 'to 'sti śrotā nānyo 'to 'sti mantā nānyo 'to 'sti vijñātā | eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ | ato 'nyad ārtam | tato hoddālaka āruṇir upararāma ||

23. 'He who dwells in the seed, and within the seed, whom the seed does not know, whose body the seed is, and who pulls (rules) the seed within, he is thy Self, the puller (ruler) within, the immortal; unseen, but seeing; unheard, but hearing; unperceived, but perceiving; unknown, but knowing. There is no other seer but he, there is no other hearer but he, there is no other perceiver but he, there is no other knower but he. This is thy Self, the ruler within, the immortal. Everything else is of evil.' After that Uddâlaka Âruni held his peace.

athādhyātmam-yaḥ prāṇe prāṇavāyusahite ghrāṇe, yo vāci, cakṣuṣi, śrotre, manasi, tvaci, vijñāne, budvau, retasi prajanane | kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt pṛthivyādidevatā mahābhāgāḥ satyo manuṣyādivadātamani tiṣṭhantamātmano niyantāramantaryāmiṇaṃ na vidurityata āha-adṛṣṭenad daṣṭo na viṣayībhūtaḥ cakṣurdarśanasya kasyacit, svayaṃ tu cakṣuṣi sannihitatvādd daśisvarūpa iti draṣṭā | tathāśrutaḥ śrotragocaratvamanāpannaḥ kasyacit, svayaṃ tvaluptaśravaṇaśaktiḥ sarvaśrotreṣu sannihitatvāchracotā | tathāmato manaḥsaṅkalpaviṣayatāmanāpannaḥ;dṛṣṭaśrute eva hi sarvaḥ saṅkalpayati;uddṛṣṭatvādakṣutatvādevāmataḥ;allaptamananaśaktitvāt sarvamanaḥsu sannihitatvācca mantā |
tathāvijñāto niścayagocaratāmanāpannorūpādivat lasukhādivadvā, svayaṃ tvaluptavijñānaśaktitvāttatsannidhānācca vijñātā |
tatra yaṃ pṛthivī na veda yaṃ sarvāṇi bhūtāni na viduriti cānye niyantavyā vijñātāro 'nyo niyantā antaryāmīti prāptam, tadanyatvāśaṅkānivṛttyarthamucyate - nānyo 'taḥ, nānyaḥ ato 'smādantaryāmiṇo nānyo 'sti draṣṭā, tathā nānyo 'to 'sti mantā, nānyo 'to 'sti śrotā, nānyo 'to 'sti mantā, nānyo 'to 'sti vijñātā |
yasmāt paro nāsti draṣṭā śrotā mantā vijñātā, yo 'dṛṣṭo draṣṭā, aśrutaḥ śrotā, amato mantā, avijñāto vijñātā, amṛtaḥ sarvasaṃsāradharmavarjitaḥ sarvasaṃsāriṇāṃ karmaphalavibhāgakartā - eṣa te ātmāntaryāmyamṛtaḥ asmādīśvarādātmano 'nyadārtam |
tato hi uddālaka āruṇirupararāma || 15 ||
-23 ||
iti tṛtīyādhyāye saptamamantaryāmibrāhmaṇam || 7 ||
ataḥ paramaśanāyādivinirmuktaṃ nirupādhikaṃ sākṣādaparokṣāt sarvāntaraṃ brahma vaktavyamityata ārambhaḥ -

atha ha vācaknavy uvāca -- brāhmaṇā bhagavanto hantāham imaṃ dvau praśnau prakṣyāmi | tau cen me vivakṣyati | na vai jātu yuṣmākam imaṃ kaścid brahmodyaṃ jeteti | pṛccha gārgīti ||

EIGHTH BRÂHMANA
1. Then Vâkaknavî said: 'Venerable Brâhmanas, I shall ask him two questions. If he will answer them, none of you, I think, will defeat him in any argument concerning Brahman.'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Ask, O Gârgî.'

atha ha vācaknavyuvāca |
sarvaṃ yājñavalkyena niṣiddhā mūrdhapātabhayāduparatā satī punaḥ praṣṭuṃ brāhmaṇānujñāṃ prārthayate - he brāhmaṇā bhagavantaḥ pūjāvantaḥ śṛṇuta mama vacaḥ;hantāhamimaṃ yājñavalkyaṃ punardvai praśnau prakṣyāmi, yadyanumatirbhavatāmasti;tau praśnau cedyadi vakṣyati kathayiṣyati me, kathañcinna vai jātu kadācid yuṣmākaṃ madhye imaṃ yājñavalkyaṃ kaścid brahmodyaṃ brahmavadanaṃ prati jetā na vai kaścid bhavediti |
evamuktā brāhmaṇā anujñāṃ pradaduḥ - pṛccha gārgīti || 1 ||

sā hovāca -- ahaṃ vai tvā yājñavalkya yathā kāśyo vā vaideho vograputra ujjyaṃ dhanur adhijyaṃ kṛtvā dvau bāṇavantau sapatnātivyādhinau haste kṛtvopottiṣṭhed evam evāhaṃ tvā dvābhyāṃ praśnābhyām upodasthām | tau me brūhīti | pṛccha gārgīti ||

2. She said: 'O Yâgñavalkya, as the son of a warrior from the Kâsîs or Videhas might string his loosened bow, take two pointed foe-piercing arrows in his hand and rise to do battle, I have risen to fight thee with two questions. Answer me these questions.'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Ask, O Gârgî.'

labdhānujñā ha yājñavalkyaṃ sā hovāca - ahaṃ vai tvā tvāṃ dvau praśnau prakṣyāmītyanuṣajyate;kau tāviti jijñāsāyāṃ tayorduruttaratvadyotayituṃ dṛṣṭāntapūrvakaṃ tāvāha - he yājñavalkya yathā loke kāśyaḥ kāśiṣu bhavaḥ kāśyaḥ, prasiddhaṃ śauryaṃ kāśye, vaideho vā videhānāṃ vā rājā, ugraputraḥ śūrānvaya ityarthaḥ, ujjyam avatāritajyākaṃ dhanuḥ punaradhijyam āropitalyākaṃ kṛtvā dvau bāṇavantau bāṇaśabdena śarāgre yo vaṃśakhaṇḍaḥ saṃdhīyate, tena vināpi śaro bhavatītyato viśinaṣṭi bāṇavantāviti - dvau bāṇavantau śarau, tayoreva viśeṣaṇaṃ sapatnātivyādhinau śatroḥ pīḍākarāvatiśayena, haste kṛtvopottiṣṭhet samīpata ātmānaṃ darśayet evamevāhaṃ tvā tvāṃ śarasthānīyābhyāṃ praśnābhyāṃ dvābhyāmupodasthāṃ utthitavatyasmi tvatsamīpe |
tau me brūhīti - brahmaviccet |
āhetaraḥ - pṛccha gārgīti || 2 ||

sā hovāca -- yad ūrdhvaṃ yājñavalkya divo yad avāk pṛthivyā yad antarā dyāvāpṛthivī ime yad bhūtaṃ ca bhavac ca bhaviṣyac cety ācakṣate kasmiṃs tad otaṃ ca protaṃ ceti ||

3. She said: 'O Yâgñavalkya, that of which they say that it is above the heavens, beneath the earth, embracing heaven and earth, past, present, and future, tell me in what is it woven, like warp and woof?'

sā hovāca - yadūrdhvamupari divaḥaṇḍakapālād yaccāvāgadhaḥ pṛthivyā adho 'ṇḍakapālāt, yaccāntarā madhye dyāvāpṛthivī dyāvāpṛthivyoḥ aṇḍakapālayoḥ, ime ca dyāvāpṛthivī, yad bhūtaṃ yaccātītam, bhavacca vartamānaṃ svavyāpārastham, bhaviṣyacca vartamānādūrdhvakālabhāviliṅgagamyam - yat sarvametadācakṣate kathayantyāgamataḥ - tat sarvaṃ dvaitajātaṃ yasminnekībhavatītyarthaḥ - tat sūtrasaṃjñaṃ pūrvoktaṃ kasminnotaṃ ca protaṃ ca pṛthivīdhāturivāpsu || 3 ||

sa hovāca -- yad ūrdhvaṃ gārgi divo yad avāk pṛthivyā yad antarā dyāvāpṛthivī ime yad bhūtaṃ ca bhavac ca bhaviṣyac cety ācakṣata ākāśe tad otaṃ ca protaṃ ceti ||

4. Yâgñavalkya said: 'That of which they say that it is above the heavens, beneath the earth, embracing heaven and earth, past, present, and future, that is woven, like warp and woof, in the ether (âkâsa).'

sa hovācetaraḥ - he gārgi yat tvayoktam'ūrdhvaṃ divaḥ'ityādi, tat sarvaṃ yat sūtramācakṣate tat sūtram, ākāśe tadotaṃ protaṃ ca, yadetad vyākṛtaṃ sūtrātmakaṃ jagadavyākṛtākāśe, apsviva pṛthivīdhātuḥ, triṣvapi kāleṣu vartate utpattau sthitau laye ca || 4 ||

sā hovaca -- namas te 'stu yājñavalkya yo ma etaṃ vyavoco 'parasmai dhārayasveti pṛccha gārgīti ||

5. She said: 'I bow to thee, O Yâgñavalkya, who hast solved me that question. Get thee ready for the second.'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Ask, O Gârgî.'

punaḥ sā hovāca;namaste 'stvityādi praśnasya durvacatvapradarśanārtham;yo me mamaitaṃ praśnaṃ vyavoco viśeṣaṇāpākṛtavānasi;etasya durvacatve kāraṇam - sūtrameva tāvadagamyamitarairdurvācyam, kimuta tat, yasminnotaṃ ca protaṃ ceti;ato namo 'stu te tubhyam |
aparasmai dvitīyāya praśnāya dhārayasva dṛḍhīkurvātmānamityarthaḥ |
pṛccha gārgītītara āha || 5 ||

6. She said: 'O Yâgñavalkya, that of which they say that it is above the heavens, beneath the earth, embracing heaven and earth, past, present, and future, tell me in what is it woven, like warp and woof?'

vyākhyātamanyat;sā hovāca yadurdhvaṃ yājñavalkyaityādipraśnaḥ prativacanaṃ ca uktasyaivārthasyāvadhāraṇārthaṃ punarucyate;na kiñcidapūrvamarthāntaramucyate || 6 ||

sa hovāca -- yad ūrdhvaṃ gārgi divo yad avāk pṛthivyā yad antarā dyāvāpṛthivī ime yad bhūtaṃ ca bhavac ca bhaviṣyac cety ācakṣata ākāśa eva tad otaṃ ca protaṃ ceti | kasmin nu khalv ākāśa otaś ca protaś ceti ||

7. Yâgñavalkya said: 'That of which they say that it is above the heavens, beneath the earth, embracing heaven and earth, past, present, and future, that is woven, like warp and woof, in the ether.'
Gârgî said: 'In what then is the ether woven, like warp and woof?'

sarvaṃ yathoktaṃ gārgyā pratyuccārya tameva pūrvoktamarthamavadhāritavānākāśa eveti yājñavalkyaḥ | gārgyāha-kasminnu khalvākāśa otaśca protaśceti | ākāśameva tāvat kālatrayātītatvād durvācyam, tato 'pi kaṣṭataramakṣaram yasminnākāśamotaṃ ca protaṃ ca, ato 'vācyamitikṛtvā, na pratipadyate sā apratipattirnāma nigrahasthānaṃ tārkikasamaye;athāvācyamapi vakṣyati, tathāpi vipratipattirnāma nigrahasthānam;virudvā pratipattirhi sā, yadavācyasya vadanam;ato durvacanaṃ praśnaṃ manyate gārgī || 7 || tad doṣadvayamapi parijihīrpannāha-

sa hovāca -- etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam anaṇv ahrasvam adīrgham alohitam asneham acchāyam atamo 'vāyv anākāśam asaṅgam arasam agandham acakṣuṣkam aśrotram avāg amano 'tejaskam aprāṇam amukham agātram anantaram abāhyam (VAR for agātram: amātram) | na tad aśnāti kiṃ cana | na tad aśnāti kaś cana ||

8. He said: 'O Gârgî, the Brâhmanas call this the Akshara (the imperishable). It is neither coarse nor fine, neither short nor long, neither red (like fire) nor fluid (like water); it is without shadow, without darkness, without air, without ether, without attachment, without taste, without smell, without eyes, without ears, without speech, without mind, without light (vigour), without breath, without a mouth (or door), without measure, having no within and no without, it devours nothing, and no one devours it.'

sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ-etad vai tad yat pṛṣṭavatyasi kasminnu khalvākāśa otaśca protaśceti, kiṃ tat? akṣaram-yanna kṣīyate na kṣaratīti vākṣaram-tadakṣaraṃ he gārgi brāhmaṇā brahmavido 'bhivadanti | brahmaṇābhivadanakathanena-nāhamavācyaṃ vakṣyāmi na cana pratipadyeyam-ityevaṃ dopadrayaṃ pariharati | evamapākute praśne punargārgyāḥ prativacanaṃ draṣṭavyam-brūhi kiṃ tadakṣaram? yad brāhmaṇā abhivadanti, ityukta āha-prasthūlaṃ tat sthūlādanyat, evaṃ tarhyaṇu? anaṇu, astu tarhi hasvam, ahasvam;evaṃ tarhi dīrgham, nāpi dīrghamadīrgham;evametaiścaturbhiḥ parimāṇapratiṣedhairdravyadharmaḥ pratiṣidvaḥ, na dravyaṃ tadakṣaramityarthaḥ | astu tarhi lohito guṇaḥ, tato 'pyanyadalohitam;āgneyo guṇo lohitaḥ;bhavatu tarhyapyāṃ snehanam, na, asnehanam;astu tarhicchāyā, sarvathāpyanirdeśyatvāt, chāyāyā apyanyadacchāyam;astu tarhi tamaḥ, atamaḥ;bhavatu vāyustarhi, avāyuḥ;bhavettarhyākāśam, anākāśam;bhavatu tarhi saṅgātmakaṃ jatuvat, asaṅgam'raso 'stu tarhi, arasam';tathā gandho 'stvagandham;astu tarhi cakṣuḥ, acakṣuṣkam-na hi cakṣurasya karaṇaṃ vidyate 'to 'cakṣuṣkam;"paśyatyacakṣuḥ"iti mantravarṇāt | tathāśrotram;"sa śṛṇotyakarṇaḥ"iti;bhavatu tarhi vāgavāk;tathāmanaḥ;tathātejaskam-avidyamānaṃ tejo 'sya tadatejaskam;na hi tejo 'gnyādiprakāśavadasya vidyate;aprāṇam-ādhyātmiko vāyuḥpratiṣidhyate 'prāṇamiti;mukhaṃ tarhi dvāraṃ tadamukham;amānnam-mīyate yena tanmātram amātraṃ mātrārūpaṃ tanna bhavati, na tena kiñcinmīyate;astu tarhicchidravat, anantaram-nāsyāntaramasti;sambhavet tarhi bahistasya, abāhyam;astu tarhi bhakṣayitṛ tat na tadaśnāti kñcina;bhavettarhi bhakṣyaṃ kasyacit, na tadaśnāti kaścana;sarvaviśeṣaṇarahitamityarthaḥ;ekamevādvitīyaṃ hi tat kena kiṃ viśiṣyate || 8 || anekaviśeṣaṇapratiṣedhaprayāsādastitvaṃ tāvadakṣarasyopagamitaṃ śrutyā;tathāpi lokabudvimapekṣyā śaṅkyate yataḥ, ato 'stitvāyānumānaṃ pramāṇamupanyasyati-

etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi sūryacandramasau vidhṛtau tiṣṭhataḥ | etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi dyāvāpṛthivyau vidhṛte tiṣṭhataḥ | etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi nimeṣā muhūrtā ahorātrāṇy ardhamāsā māsā ṛtavaḥ saṃvatsarā iti vidhṛtās tiṣṭhanti | etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi prācyo 'nyā nadyaḥ syandante śvetebhyaḥ parvatebhyaḥ pratīcyo 'nyā yāṃ yāṃ ca diśam anu | etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi manuṣyāḥ praśasanti yajamānaṃ devā darvīṃ pitaro 'nvāyattāḥ || vā akṣarasy a praśāsane gārgi dadato manuṣyāḥ praśaṃsanti, yajamānaṃ devāḥ, darvīṃ pitaro 'nvāyattāḥ // 9 //

9. 'By the command of that Akshara (the imperishable), O Gârgî, sun and moon stand apart. By the command of that Akshara, O Gârgî, heaven and earth stand apart. By the command of that Akshara, O Gârgî, what are called moments (nimesha), hours (muhûrta), days and nights, half-months, months, seasons, years, all stand apart. By the command of that Akshara, O Gârgî, some rivers flow to the East from the white mountains, others to the West, or to any other quarter. By the command of that Akshara, O Gârgî, men praise those who give, the gods follow the sacrificer, the fathers the Darvî-offering.'

etasya vā akṣarasya;yadetadadhigatamakṣaraṃ sarvāntaraṃ sākṣādaparokṣādbrahma, ya ātmā aśanāyādidharmātītaḥ, etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane-yathā rājñaḥ praśāsane rājyamasphuṭitaṃ niyataṃ vartate, evamatasyākṣarasya praśāsane he gārgi sūryācandramaso ahorātrayorlokapradīpau, tādarthyena praśāsitrā tābhyāṃ nirvatyamānalokaprayojanavijñānavatā nirmitau ca, syātāṃ sādhāraṇasarvaprāṇiprakāśopakārakatvāllaukikapradīpavat | tasmādasti tad yena vidhṛtāvīśvarau svatantrau sastau nirmitau tiṣṭhato niyatadeśakālanimittodayāstamayavṛddhikṣayābhyāṃ vartete;tadastyevametayoḥ praśāsitrakṣaram, pradīpakartṛvidhārayitṛvat | etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgī dyāvāpṛthivī ca sāvayavatvāt sphuṭanasvabhāve api satyau gurutvāt patanasvabhāve saṃyuktatvād viyogasvabhāve cetanāvadabhimānidevatādhiṣṭhitatvāt svatantre api etasyākṣarasya praśāsane vartete vidhṛte tiṣṭhataḥ;etaddhyakṣaraṃ sarvavyavasthāsetuḥ sarvamaryādāvidharaṇam, ato nāsyākṣarasya praśāsanaṃ dyāvāpṛthivyāvatikrāmataḥ;tasmāt siddhamasyāstitvamakṣarasya avyabhicāri hi talliṅgam, yad dyāvāpṛthivyau niyate vartete;cetanāvantaṃ praśāsitāramasaṃsāriṇamantareṇa naitad yuktam | "yena dyaurugrā pṛthivī ca dṛṣṭā"iti mantravarṇāt | etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi, nimeṣā muhūrtā ityete kālāvayavāḥ sarvasya atītānāgatavartamānasya janimataḥ kalayitāraḥ - yathā loke prabhuṇā niyato gaṇakaḥ sarvamāyaṃ vyayaṃ cāpramatto gaṇayati, tathā prabhusthānīya eṣāṃ kālāvayavānāṃ niyantā | tathā prācayaḥ prāgañcanāḥ pūrvadiggamanā nadyaḥ syandante sravanti śvetebhyo himavadādibhyaḥ parvatebhyo giribhyo gaṅgādyā nadyastāśca yathā pravartitā eva niyatāḥ pravartante 'nyathāpi pravartitumutsahantyaḥ, tadetalliṅgaṃ praśāstuḥ | pratīcyo 'nyāḥ pratīcīṃ diśamañcanti sindhvādyā nadyaḥ, anyāśca yāṃ yāṃ diśamanupravṛttāstāṃ tāṃ na vyabhicaranti;tacca siṅgam | kiñca dadato hiraṇyādīn prayacchata ātmapīḍāṃ kurvato 'pi pramāṇajñā api manuṣyāḥ praśaṃsanti;tatra yacca dīyate, ye ca dadati, ye ca pratigṛhmanti, teṣāmihaiva samāgamo vilayaścānvakṣo dṛśyate;adṛṣṭastu paraḥ samāgamaḥ, tathāpi manuṣyā dadatāṃ dānaphalena saṃyogaṃ paśyantaḥ pramāṇajñatayā praśaṃsanti; tacca, karmaphalena saṃyojayitari kartuḥ karmaphalavibhāgajñe praśāstaryasati na syāt;dānakriyāyāḥ pratyakṣavināśitvāt;tasmādasti dānakartṛṇāṃ phalena saṃyojayitā | apūrvamiti cet? tatsadbhāve pramāṇānupapatteḥ praśasturapīti cet | na, āgamatātparyasya siddhatvāt;avocāma dyāgamasya vastuparatvāt | kiñcānyat, apūrvakalpanāyāṃ cārthāpatteḥ, kṣayo 'nyathaivopapatteḥ | sevāphalasya sevyāt prāptidarśanāt | sevāyāśca kriyātvāt, tatsāmānyācca vāgadānahomādīnāṃ sevyād īśvarādeḥ phalaprāptirupapadyate dṛṣṭakriyādharmasāmarthyamaparityajyaiva phalaprāptikalpanopapattau dṛṣṭakriyādharmasāmarthyaparityāgo na nyāyyaḥ | kalpanādhikyācca, īśvaraḥ kalpvo 'pūrvā vā? tatra kriyāyāśca svabhāvaḥ sevyāt phalaprāptirdṛṣṭā na tvapūrvāt;na cāpūrvaṃ dṛṣṭam;tatrāpūrvamadṛṣṭaṃ kalpayitavyaṃ tasya ca phaladātṛtve sāmarthyam, sāmarthye ca sati dānaṃ cābhyadhikamiti |
iha tu īśvarasya sevyasya sadbhāvamātraṃ kalpyam, na tu phaladānasāmarthyaṃ dātṛtvaṃ ca, sevyāt phalaprāptidarśanāt |
anumānaṃ ca darśitam -'dyāvāpṛthivyau vidhṛte tiṣṭhataḥ'ityādi |
tathā ca yajamānaṃ devā īśvarāḥ santo jīvanārthe 'nugatāḥ, carapuroḍāśādyupajīvanaprayojanena, anyathāpi jīvitumutsahantaḥ kṛpaṇāṃ dīnāṃ vṛttimāśritya sthitāḥ, tacca praśāstuḥ praśāsanāt syāt |
tathā pitaro 'pi tadarthaṃ darvī darvīhomamanvāyattā anugatā ityarthaḥ, samānaṃ sarvamanyat || 9 ||
itaścāsti tadakṣaraṃ smāttadajñāne niyatā saṃsāropapattiḥ | bhavitavyaṃ tu tena, yadvijñānāt tadvicchedaḥ, nyāyopapatteḥ | nanu kriyāta eva tadvicchittiḥ syāditi cet? na -

yo vā etad akṣaram gārgy aviditvāsmiṃl loke juhoti yajate tapas tapyate bahūni varṣasahasrāṇy antavad evāsya tad bhavati yo vā etad akṣaram aviditvā gārgy aviditvāsmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ | atha ya etad akṣaraṃ gārgi viditvāsmāl lokāt praiti sa brāhmaṇaḥ ||

10. 'Whosoever, O Gârgî, without knowing that Akshara (the imperishable), offers oblations in this world, sacrifices, and performs penance for a thousand years, his work will have an end. Whosoever, O Gargî, without knowing this Akshara, departs this world, he is miserable (like a slave). But he, O Gârgî, who departs this world, knowing this Akshara, he is a Brâhmana.'

yo vā etadakṣaraṃ he gārgi aviditvāvijñāya asmiṃlloke juhoti yajata tapastapyate yadyapi bahūni varṣasahasrāṇi, antavad evāsya tat phalaṃ bhavati, tatphalopabhogānte kṣīyanta evāsya karmāṇi |
api ca yadvijñānāt kārpaṇyātyayaḥ saṃsāravicchedaḥ, yadvijñānābhāvācca karmakṛt kṛpaṇaḥ kṛtaphalasyaivopabhoktājananamaraṇaprabandhārūḍhaḥ saṃsarati, tadastyakṣaraṃ praśāsitṛ;tadetaducyate - yo vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgyaviditvā asmāllokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ, paṇakrīta iva dāsādiḥ |
atha ya etadakṣaraṃ gārgi viditvā asmāllokāt praiti sa brāhmaṇaḥ || 10 ||
agnerdahanaprakāśakatvāt svābhāvikasya praśāstṛtvamacetanasyaivetyata āha -

tad vā etad akṣaraṃ gārgy adṛṣṭaṃ draṣṭraśrutaṃ śrotramataṃ mantravijñātaṃ vijñātṛ | nānyad ato 'sti draṣṭṛ | nānyad ato 'sti śrotṛ | nānyad ato 'sti mantṛ | nānyad ato 'sti vijñātṛ | etasmin nu khalv akṣare gārgy ākāśa otaś ca protaś ca ||

11. 'That Brahman,' O Gârgî, 'is unseen, but seeing; unheard, but hearing; unperceived, but perceiving; unknown, but knowing. There is nothing that sees but it, nothing that hears but it, nothing that perceives but it, nothing that knows but it. In that Akshara then, O Gârgî, the ether is woven, like warp and woof.'

tad vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgi adṛṣṭaṃ na kenacid dṛṣṭam, aviṣayatvāt svayaṃ tu draṣṭṛ dṛṣṭisvarūpatvāt | tathā śrutaṃ śrotrāviṣayatvāt, svayaṃ śrotṛ śrutisvarūpatvāt | tathāmataṃ manaso 'viṣayatvāt, svayaṃ mantṛmatisvarūpatvāt | tathāvijñātaṃ buddheraviṣayatvāt, svayaṃ vijñātṛ vijñānasvarūpatvāt | kiñca nānyadato 'smādakṣarādasti - nāsti kiñcid draṣṭṛ darśanakriyākartṛ;etadevākṣaraṃ darśanakriyākartṛ sarvatra | tathā nānyadato 'sti śrotṛ;tadevākṣaraṃ śrotṛ sarvatra |
nānyadato 'sti mantṛ;tadevākṣaraṃ mantṛ sarvatra sarvamanodvāreṇa |
nānyadato 'sti vijñātṛ vijñānakriyākartṛ, tadevākṣaraṃ sarvabuddhidvāreṇa vijñānakriyākartṛ, nācetanaṃ pradhānamanyad vā |
etasminnu khalvakṣare gārgyākāśa otaśca protaśceti |
yadeva sākṣādaparokṣādbraṅma, ya ātmā sarvāntaro 'śanāyādi saṃsāradharmātītaḥ, yasminnākāśa otaśca protaśca, eṣā parā kāṣṭhā, eṣā parā gatiḥ, etat paraṃ brahma, etat pṛthivyāderākāśāntasya satyasya satyam || 11 ||

sā hovāca -- brāhmaṇā bhagavantas tad eva bahu manyadhvaṃ yad asmān namaskāreṇa mucyedhvam | na vai jātu yuṣmākam imaṃ kaścid brahmodyaṃ jeteti | tato ha vācaknavy upararāma ||

12. Then said Gargî: 'Venerable Brâhmans, you may consider it a great thing, if you get off by bowing before him. No one, I believe, will defeat him in any argument concerning Brahman.' After that Vâkaknavî held her peace.

sā hovāca - he brāhmaṇā bhagavantaḥ śṛṇuta madīyaṃ vacaḥ;tadeva bahu manyedhvam;kiṃ tat? yadasmād yājñavalkyānnamaskāreṇa mucyedhvam - asmai namaskāraṃ kṛtvā tadeva bahu manyadhvamityarthaḥ;jayastvasya manasāpi na āśaṃsanīyaḥ, kimuta kāryataḥ;kasmāt? na vai yuṣmākaṃ madhye jātu kadācidapīmaṃ yājñavalkyaṃ brahmodyaṃ prati jetā | praśnau cenamahyaṃ vakṣyati, na jetā bhaviteti pūrvameva mayā pratijñātam;adyāpi mamāyameva niścayaḥ - brahmodyaṃ pratyetattulyo na kaścid vidyata iti | tato ha vācaknavyupararāma | atra antaryāmibrāhmaṇe etad uktam - yaṃ pṛthivī na veda, yaṃ sarvāṇi bhūtāni na vidiriti ca | yamantaryāmiṇaṃ na vidurye ca na viduryacca tadakṣaraṃ darśanādakriyākartṛtvena sarveṣāṃ cetanādidhāturityuktam-kastveṣāṃ viśeṣaḥ kiṃ vā sāmānyamiti | tatra kecidācakṣate-parasya mahāsamudrasthānāyasya brahmaṇo 'kṣarasya apracalitatvarūpasyeṣatpracalitāvasthāntaryāmī;atyantapracalitāvasthā kṣetrajñaḥ, yastaṃ na vedāntaryāmiṇam;tathānyāḥ pañcāvasthāḥ parikalpayanti, tathā aṣṭāvasthā brahmaṇo bhavantīti vadanti | anye 'kṣarasya śaktaya etā iti vadanti, anantaśaktimadakṣaramiti ca | anye tvakṣarasya vikārā iti vadanti | avasthāśaktī tāvannopapadyeto akṣarasya, aśanāyādisaṃsāradharmātītatvaśruteḥ | na hyaśanāyādyatītatvamaśanāyādidharmavadavasthāvattvaṃ caikasya yugapadupapadyate;tathā śaktimattvaṃ ca | vikārāvayavatve ca doṣāḥ pradarśitāścaturthe | tasmādetā asatyāḥ sarvāḥ kalpanāḥ | kastarhi meda eṣām? upādhikṛta iti brūmaḥ;na svata eṣāṃ medo 'medo vā, saindhavaghanavat prajñānadhanaikarasasvāmāvyāt,"apūrvamanaparamanantaramabāhyam""ayamātmā brahma"iti ca śruteḥ | "savāhyābhyāntaro hyajaḥ"iti cātharvaṇe | tasmānnirūpādhikasyātmano nirūpākhyātvānnirviśeṣatvādekatvācca"neti neti"iti vyapadeśo bhavati | avidyākāmakarmaviśiṣṭakāryakaraṇopādhirātmā saṃsārī jiva ucyate | nityaniratiśayajñāna śaktyupādhirātmāntaryāmīśvara ucyate, sa eva nirūpādhiḥ kevalaḥ śudvaḥ svena svabhāvenākṣaraṃ para ucyate, tathā hiraṇyagarmāvyākṛtadevatājātipiṇḍamanuṣyatiryakpretādikāryakaraṇopādh ibhirviśiṣṭastadākhyastadarūpo bhavati | tathā"tadejati tannaijati"iti vyākhyātam |
tathā"eṣa ta ātmā" "eṣa sarvabhūtāntarātmā" "eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ" "tattavamasi" "ahamevedaṃ sarvam" "ātmaivedaṃ sarvam" "nānyo 'to 'sti draṣṭā"ityādiśrutayo na virudhyante |
kalpanāntareṣvetāḥ śrutayo na gacchanti |
tasmādupādhimedenaila eṣāṃ medo nānyathā |
'ekamevādvitīyam'ityavadhāraṇāt sarveṣaniṣatsu || 12 ||
iti tṛtīyādhyāyeṣṭamamakṣarabrāhmaṇam || 8 ||
atha hainaṃ vidagdhaḥ śākalyaḥ papraccha | pṛthivyādīnāṃ sūkṣmatāratamyakrameṇa pūrvasya pūrvasya uttarasminnuttarasminnotaprotabhāvaṃ kathayan sarvāntaraṃ brahma prakāśitavān tasya ca brahmaṇo vyākṛtaviṣaye sūtramedeṣu niyantṛtvamuktam-vyākṛtaviṣaye vyaktaraṃ liṅgamiti | tasyaiva brahmaṇaḥ sākṣādaparokṣatve niyantavyadevatāmedasaṃkocavikā sadvāreṇādhigantavye iti tadarya śākalyabrāhmaṇamāramyate--

atha hainaṃ vidagdhaḥ śākalyaḥ papraccha -- kati devā yājñavalkyeti | sa haitayaiva nividā pratipede yāvanto vaiśvadevasya nividy ucyante | trayaś ca trī ca śatā trayaś ca trī ca sahasreti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | trayastriṃśad iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | ṣaḍ iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | traya iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | dvāv iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | adhyardha iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | eka iti | om iti hovāca | katame te trayaś ca trī ca śatā trayaś ca trī ca sahasreti ||

NINTH BRÂHMANA
1. Then Vidagdha Sâkalya asked him: 'How many gods are there, O Yâgñavalkya?' He replied with this very Nivid: 'As many as are mentioned in the Nivid of the hymn of praise addressed to the Visvedevas, viz. three and three hundred, three and three thousand.' 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'Thirty-three,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'Six,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'Three,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'Two,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'One and a half (adhyardha),' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'One,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked: 'Who are these three and three hundred, three and three thousand?'

atha hainaṃ vidagdha iti nāmataḥ śakalasyāpatyaṃ śākalyaḥ papraccha--katisaṃkhyākā devā he yājñavalkyeti | sa yājñavalkyaḥ, ha kila, etayaiva vakṣyamāṇayā nividā pratipede saṃkhyām, yāṃ saṃkhyāṃ pṛṣṭavāñśākalyaḥ |
yāvanto yāvatsaṃkhyākā devā vaiśvadevasya śastrasya nividi-nivinnāma devatāsaṃkhyāvācakāni mantrapadāni, kānicid vaiśvadeve śastre śasyante tāni nivitsaṃjñakāni;tasyāṃ nividi yāvanto devāḥ śrūyante tāvanto devā iti |
kā punaḥ sā nividiti tāni nivitpadāni pradarśyante-trayaśca trī ca śatā-trayaśca devāḥ, devānāṃ trī ca trīṇi ca śatāni;punarapyevaṃ trayaśca, trī ca sahasrā sahasrāṇ-etāvanto devā iti śākalyo 'pyomiti hovāca |
evameṣāṃ madhyamā saṃkhyā samyaktayā jñātā, punastepāmeva devānāṃ saṃkocaviṣayāṃ saṃkhyāṃ pṛcchati-katyeva devā yājñavalkyeti;trayastriśata;pada, trayaḥ, dvau, adhyardhaḥ, eka iti |
devatāsaṃkocavikāsaviṣayāṃ saṃkhyāṃ pṛṣṭvā punaḥ saṃkhyeyasvarūpaṃ pṛcchati-katame te trayaśca trī ca śatā trayaśca trī ca sahasreti || 1 ||

sa hovāca -- mahimāna evaiṣām ete | trayastriṃśat tv eva devā iti | katame te trayastriṃśad iti | aṣṭau vasava ekādaśa rudrā dvādaśādityāḥ ta ekatriṃśad aindraś caiva prajāpatiś ca trayastriṃśāv iti ||

2. Yâgñavalkya replied: 'They are only the various powers of them, in reality there are only thirty-three gods.' He asked: 'Who are those thirty-three?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'The eight Vasus, the eleven Rudras, the twelve Âdityas. They make thirty-one, and Indra and Pragâpati make the thirty-three.'

sa hovācetaraḥ - mahimāno vibhūtayaḥ, eṣāṃ trayastriṃśataḥ devānām ete trayaśca trī ca śatetyādayaḥ;paramārthatastu trayastriṃśattveva devā iti |
katame te trayastriṃśadityucyate - aṣṭau vasavaḥ ekādaśa rudrāḥ, dvādaśa ādityāste ekatriṃśat, indraścaiva prajāpatiśca trayastriṃśāviti trayastriṃśataḥ pūraṇau || 2 ||

katame vasava iti | agniś ca pṛthivī ca vāyuś cāntarikṣaṃ cādityaś ca dyauḥ ca candramāś ca nakṣatrāṇi caite vasavaḥ | eteṣu hīdaṃ sarvaṃ vasu hitaṃ iti tasmād vasava iti ||

3. He asked: 'Who are the Vasus.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Agni (fire), Prithivî (earth), Vâyu (air), Antariksha (sky), Âditya (sun), Dyu (heaven), Kandramas (moon), the Nakshatras (stars), these are the Vasus, for in them all that dwells (this world) rests; and therefore they are called Vasus.'

katame vasava iti teṣāṃ svarūpaṃ pratyekaṃ pṛchcyate;agniśca pṛthivī ceti - agnyādyā nakṣatrāntarā ete vasavaḥ - prāṇināṃ karmaphalāśrayatvena kāryakaraṇasaṃghātarūpeṇa tannivāsatvena ca vipariṇamanto jagadidaṃ sarvaṃ vāsayanti vasanti ca;te yasmād vāsanti tasmāde vasava iti || 3 ||

katame rudrā iti | daśeme puruṣe prāṇā ātmaikādaśaḥ | te yadāsmāc charīrān martyād utkrāmanty atha rodayanti | tad yad rodayanti tasmād rudrā iti ||

4. He asked: 'Who are the Rudras?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'These ten vital breaths (prânas, the senses, i.e. the five gñânendriyas, and the five karmendriyas), and Âtman, as the eleventh. When they depart from this mortal body, they make us cry (rodayanti), and because they make us cry, they are called Rudras.'

katame rudrā iti |
daśeme puruṣe karmabuddhīndriyāṇi prāṇāḥ, ātmā mana ekādaśaḥ - ekādaśānāṃ pūraṇaḥ te ete prāṇā yadā asmāccharīrānmartyāt prāṇināṃ karmaphalapabhogakṣaye utkrāmanti - atha tadā rodayanti tatsambandhinaḥ |
tattatra yasmādrodayanti te sambandhinaḥ, tasmād rudrā iti || 4 ||

katama ādityā iti | dvādaśa vai māsāḥ saṃvatsarasyaita ādityāḥ | ete hīdaṃ sarvam ādadānā yanti | te yad idaṃ sarvam ādadānā yanti tasmād ādityā iti ||

5. He asked: 'Who are the Âdityas?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'The twelve months of the year, and they are Âdityas, because they move along (yanti), taking up everything (âdadânâh). Because they move along, taking up everything, therefore they are called Âdityas.'

katama ādityā iti |
dvādaśa vai māsāḥ saṃvatsarasya kālasyāvayavāḥ prasiddhāḥ, ete ādityāḥ;katham? ete hi yasmāt punaḥ punaḥ parivartamānāḥ prāṇināmāyūṃṣi karmaphalaṃ ca ādadānā gṛhyanta upādadato yanti gacchanti te yad yasmādevamidaṃ sarvamādadānā yanti tasmādādityā iti || 5 ||

katama indraḥ katamaḥ prajāpatir iti | stanayitnur evendro yajñaḥ prajāpatir iti | katamaḥ stanayitnur iti | aśanir iti | katamo yajña iti | paśava iti ||

6. He asked: 'And who is Indra, and who is Pragâpati?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Indra is thunder, Pragâpati is the sacrifice.' He asked: 'And what is the thunder?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'The thunderbolt.' He asked: 'And what is the sacrifice?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'The (sacrificial) animals.'

katama indraḥ katamaḥ prajāpatiriti, stanayityurevendro yajñaḥ prajāpatiriti, katamaḥ stanayitnurityaśaniriti |
aśanirvajraṃ vīryaṃ balam, yat prāṇinaḥ pramāpayati, sa indraḥ;indrasya hi tat karma |
katamo yajña iti paśava iti - yajñasya hi sādhanāni paśavaḥ;yajñasyārūpatvāt paśusādhanāśrayatvācca paśavo yajña ityucyate || 6 ||

katame ṣaḍ iti | agniś ca pṛthivī ca vāyuś cāntarikṣaś cādityaś ca dyauś caite ṣaṭ | ete hīdaṃ sarvaṃ ṣaḍ iti ||

7. He asked: 'Who are the six?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Agni (fire), Prithivî (earth), Vâyu (air), Antariksha (sky), Âditya (sun), Dyu (heaven), they are the six, for they are all this, the six.'

katame ṣaḍiti;ta evāgnyādayo vasutvena paṭhitāścandramasaṃ nakṣatrāṇi ca varjayitvā ṣaḍ bhavanti - ṣaṭasaṃkhyāviśiṣṭāḥ, trayastriṃśadādi yaduktamidaṃ sarvam, eta eva ṣaḍ bhavanti sarvo hi vasvādivistara eteṣveva ṣaṭasvantarbhavatītyarthaḥ || 7 ||

katame te trayo devā iti | ima eva trayo lokāḥ | eṣu hīme sarve devā iti | katamau tau dvau devā iti | annaṃ caiva prāṇaś ceti | katamo 'dhyardha iti | yo 'yaṃ pavata iti ||

8. He asked: 'Who are the three gods?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'These three worlds, for in them all these gods exist.' He asked: 'Who are the two gods?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Food and breath.' He asked: 'Who is the one god and a half?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'He that blows.'

katame te trayo devā iti;ima eva trayo lokā iti - pṛthivīmagniṃ caikokṛtyaiko devaḥ, antarikṣaṃ vāyuṃ caikīkṛtya tṛtīyaḥ - te eva trayo devā iti |
eṣu. hi yasmāt, triṣu deveṣu sarve devā antarbhavanti tena ta eva devāstrayaḥ - ityeṣa nairuktānāṃ keṣāñcit pakṣaḥ |
katamau tau dvau devāviti - annaṃ caiva prāṇaścaitau dvau devau, anayoḥ sarveṣāmuktānāmantarbhāvaḥ |
katamo 'dhyargha iti - yo 'yaṃ pavate vāyuḥ || 8 ||

tad āhur yad ayam eka ivaiva pavate | atha katham adhyardha iti | yad asminn idaṃ sarvam adhyārdhnot tenādhyardha iti | katama eko deva iti | prāṇa iti | sa brahma tyad ity ācakṣate ||

9. Here they say: 'How is it that he who blows like one only, should be called one and a half (adhyardha)?' And the answer is: 'Because, when the wind was blowing, everything grew (adhyardhnot).' He asked: 'Who is the one god?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Breath (prâna), and he is Brahman (the Sûtrâtman), and they call him That (tyad).'

tattatrāhuścodayanti - yadayaṃ vāyureka ivaiva eka eva pavate ;atha kathamadhyardha iti? yadasminnidaṃ sarvamadhyārdhnot-asmin vāyau satīdaṃ sarvamadhyārdhnodadhi ṛddhiṃ prāpnoti, tenādhyardha iti | katama eko deva iti? prāṇa iti sa prāṇo brahma-sarvadevātmakatvānmahad brahma, tena sa brahma tyadityācakṣate-tyaditi tad brahmācakṣate parokṣāmidhāyakena śabdena | devānāmetadekatvaṃ nānātvaṃ ca |
anantānāṃ devānāṃ nivitsaṃkhyāviśaṣṭeṣvantarbhāvaḥ, teṣāmapi trayāstriśadādipūttarottareṣu yāvadekasmin prāṇe |
prāṇasyaiva caikasya sarvo 'nantasaṅkhyāto vistaraḥ |
evamekaścānantaśca avāntarasaṃkhyāviśiṣṭaśca prāṇa eva |
tatra ca devasyaikasya nāmarūpakarnaguṇaśaktimedaḥ, adhikāramedāt || 9 ||
idānīṃ tasyaiva prāṇasya brahmaṇaḥ punaraṣṭadhā meda upadiśyate-

pṛthivy eva yasyāyatanam agnir loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ śārīraḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | amṛtam iti hovāca ||

10. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person (or god) whose dwelling (body) is the earth, whose sight (world) is fire, whose mind is light,--the principle of every (living) self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. This corporeal (material, earthy) person, "he is he." But tell me 1, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ (deity)?'
Sâkalya replied: 'The Immortal.'

pṛthivyeva yasya devasyāyatanamāśrayaḥ, agnirloko yasya - lokayatyaneneti lokaḥ, paśyatīti - agninā paśyatītyarthaḥ | manojyotiḥ manasā jyotiṣā saṃkalpavikalpādikāryaṃ karoti yaḥ, so 'yaṃ manojyotiḥ | pṛthivīśarīro 'gnidarśano manasā saṃkalpayitā pṛthivyabhimānī kāryakaraṇasaṃghātavān deva ityarthaḥ | ya evaṃ viśiṣṭaṃ vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyād vijānīyāt sarvasyātmana ādhyātmikasya kāryakaraṇasaṃghātasya ātmanaḥ paramayanaṃ para āśrayastaṃ parāyaṇam | mātṛjena tvaṅmāṃsarudhirarūpeṇa kṣetrasthānīyena bījasthānīyasya pitṛjasya asthimajjāśukrarūpasya paramayanam, karaṇātmanaśca, sa vai veditā syāt | ya etadevaṃ vetti sa vai veditā paṇḍitaḥ syādityābhiprāyaḥ | yājñavalkya tvaṃ tamajānanneva paṇḍitābhimānītyamiprāyaḥ | yadi tadvijñāne pāṇḍityaṃ labhyate, veda vai ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yamāttha yaṃ kathayasi tamahaṃ veda | tatra śākalyasya vacanaṃ draṣṭyam-yadi tvaṃ vettha taṃ puruṣam, brūhikiṃviśeṣaṇo 'sau? saḥ-ya evāyaṃ śārīraḥ- pārdhivāṃśe śarīre bhavaḥ śārīro mātṛjakośatrayarūpa ityarthaḥ, sa e, devaḥ, yastvayā pṛṣṭaḥ, he śākalya | kintvasti tatra vaktavyaṃ viśeṣaṇāntaram, tad vadaiva pṛcchaivetyarthaḥ, he śākalya |
sa evaṃ prakṣobhito 'marpavaśaga āha-tottrādinta iva gajaḥ- tasya devasya śarīrasya kā devatā? yasmānniṣpadyate yaḥ sā tasya devatetyasmin prakaraṇe vivakṣitaḥ;amṛtamiti hovāca |
amṛtamiti yo bhuktasyānnasya raso mātṛjasya lohitasya niṣpattihetuḥ |
tasmādvayannarasāllohitaṃ niṣpadyate striyāṃ śritam, tataśca lohitamayaṃ śarīraṃ bījāśrayam |
samānamanyat || 10 ||

kāma eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ kāmamayaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | striya iti hovāca ||

11. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is love (a body capable of sensual love), whose sight is the heart, whose mind is light.--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. This love-made (loving) person, he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'The women.'

kāma eva yasyāyatanam |
strīvyatikārābhilāṣaḥ kāmaḥ kāmaśarīra ityarthaḥ |
hradayaṃ lokohradayena budvayā paśyati |
ya evāyaṃ kāmamayaḥ puruṣo 'dhyātmamapi kāmamaya eva |
tasya kā devateti striya iti hovāca;strīto hi kāmasya dīptirjīyate || 11 ||

rūpāṇy eva yasyāyatanaṃ cakṣur loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāsāv āditye puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | satyam iti hovāca ||

12. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling are the colours, whose sight is the eye, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. That person in the sun, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'The True.'

rūpāṇyeva yasyāyatanam |
rūpāṇi śuklakṛṣṇādīni |
ya evāsāvāditye puruṣaḥ- sarveṣāṃ hi rūpāṇāṃ viśiṣṭaṃ kāryamāditye puruṣaḥ tasya kā devateti? satyāmiti hovāca |
satyāmiti cakṣurucyate, cakṣuṣo hyavyātmataḥ ādityasyādhidaivatasya niṣpatti || 12 ||

ākaśa eva yasyāyatanaṃ śrotraṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyam śrautaḥ prātiśrutkaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣa | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | diśa iti hovaca ||

13. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is ether, whose sight is the ear, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The person who hears and answers, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Space.'

ākāśa eva yasyāyatanam ya evāyaṃ śrotro bhavaḥ śrotraḥ, tatrāpi pratiśravaṇavelāyāṃ viśeṣato bhavatīti prātiśrutkaḥ, tasya kādevateti? diśa iti hovāca |
digbhyo hyasāvādhyātmiko niṣpadyate || 13 ||

tama eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ chāyāmayaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | mṛtyur iti hovāca ||

14. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is darkness, whose sight is the heart, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The shadowy person, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Death.'

tama eva yasyāyatanam |
tama iti śārvadyandhakāraḥ parigṛhyate |
adhyātmaṃ chāyāmayo 'jñānamayaḥ puruṣaḥ |
tasya kā devateti? mṛtyuriti hovāca |
mṛtyurapidaivataṃ tasya niṣpattikāraṇam || 14 ||

rūpāṇy eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyam ādarśe puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | satyam iti hovāca ||

15. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling are (bright) colours, whose sight is the eye, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The person in the looking-glass, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Vital breath' (asu).

rūpāṇyeva yasyāyatanam |
pūrva sādhārāni rūpāṇyuktāni, iha tu prakāśakāni viśiṣṭāni rūpāṇi gṛhyante |
rūpāyatanasya devasya viśeṣāyatanaṃ pratibimbādhāramādarśādi tasya kā devateti? asuriti hovāca |
tasya pratibimbākhyasya puruṣasya niṣpattirasoḥ prāṇāt || 15 ||

āpa eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ apsu puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | varuṇa iti hovāca ||

16. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is water, whose sight is the heart, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The person in the water, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Varuna.'

āpa eva yasya āyatanam |
sādhāraṇāḥ sarvā āpa āyatanaṃ vāpīkūpataḍāgādyāśrayāsvapsu viśeṣāvasthānam |
tasya kā devateti? varuṇa iti;varuṇāt saṅghātakarñyodhyātmamāpa eva vāpyādyapaṃ niṣpattikāraṇam || 16 ||

reta eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ putramayaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | prajāpatir iti hovāca ||

17. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is seed, whose sight is the heart, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The filial person, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Pragâpati.'

reta eva yasyāyatanam |
ya evāyaṃ putramayo viśeṇāyatanaṃ reta āyatanasya, putrasya iti ca asthimañjāśukāṇi piturjātāni |
tasya kā devateti? prajāpatiriti hovāca |
prajñāpatiḥ pitocyate, pitṛto hi putrasyotpattiḥ || 17 ||
aṣṭakā devalokapuruṣabhedena tridhā tridhā ātmānaṃ pravibhajyāvasthita ekaiko devaḥ prāṇabheda evopāsanārtha vyapadiṣṭaḥ | adhunā digvibhāgena pañcadhā pravibhaktasya ātmānayupasaṃhārārthamāha | tūṣṇīmbhūtaṃ śākalyaṃ yājñavalkyo graheṇevāveśayannāha -

śākalyeti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | tvāṃ svid ime brāhmaṇā aṅgārāvakṣayaṇam akratā3 iti ||

18. Yâgñavalkya said: 'Sâkalya, did those Brâhmanas (who themselves shrank from the contest) make thee the victim 1?'
Sâkalya said: 'Yâgñavalkya, because thou hast decried the Brâhmanas of the Kuru-Pañkâlas, what Brahman dost thou know?'

śākalyeti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ |
tvāṃ sviditi vitarke, ime nūnaṃ brāhmaṇāḥ, aṅgārāvakṣaṇam - aṅgārā avakṣīyante yasmin sandaṃśādau tadaṅgārāvakṣaṇam - tadā nūnaṃ tvāmakrata kṛtavanto brāhmaṇāḥ, tvaṃ tu tanna budhyase ātmānaṃ mayā dahyamānam ityabhiprāyaḥ || 18 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca śākalyaḥ | yad idaṃ kurupañcālānāṃ brāhmanān atyavādīḥ kiṃ brahma vidvān iti | diśo veda sadevāḥ sapratiṣṭhā iti | yad diśo vettha sadevāḥ sapratiṣṭhāḥ ||

19. Yâgñavalkya said: 'I know the quarters with their deities and their abodes.'
Sâkalya said: 'If thou knowest the quarters with their deities and their abodes,

yājñavalkyeti hovāca śākalyaḥ - yadidaṃ kuruṣañcalānāṃ brāhmaṇānatyavādīḥ - atyuktavānasi - svayaṃ bhītāstvāmaṅgārāvakṣayaṇaṃ kṛtavanta iti - kiṃ brahma vidvān sannevamadhikṣipasi brāhmaṇān? yājñavalkya āha - brahma vijñānaṃ tāvadidaṃ mama, kiṃ tat? diśo veda digviṣayaṃ vijñānaṃ jāne |
tacca na kvalaṃ diśa, eva, sadevā devaiḥ saha digadhiṣṭhātṛbhiḥ, kiñca sapratiṣṭhitāḥ pratiṣṭhābhiśca saha |
itara āha - yad yadi diśo vettha sadevāḥ, sapratiṣṭhā iti, saphalaṃ yadi vijñānaṃ tvayā pratijñātam || 19 ||

kiṃdevato 'syāṃ prācyāṃ diśy asīti | ādityadevata iti | sa ādityaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | cakṣuṣīti | kasmin nu cakṣuḥ pratiṣṭhitam iti | rūpeṣv iti | cakṣuṣā hi rūpāṇi paśyati | kasmin nu rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitānīti | hṛdaya iti hovāca | hṛdayena hi rūpāṇi jānāti | hṛdaye hy eva rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitāni bhavantīti | evam evaitad yājñavalkya ||

20. 'Which is thy deity in the Eastern quarter?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Âditya (the sun).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Âditya abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the eye.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the eye abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the colours, for with the eye he sees the colours.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what then do the colours abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart, for we know colours by the heart, for colours abide in the heart.'
Sâkalya said: 'So it is indeed, O Yâgñavalkya.'

kindevataḥ kā devatāsya tava digbhṛtasya | asau hi yājñavalkyo hṛdayamātmānaṃ dikṣu pañcadhā vibhaktaṃ digātmabhūtam, taddvāreṇa sarvaṃ jagadātmatvenopagamya, ahamasmi digātmeti vyavasthitaḥ pūrvābhimukhaḥ - sapratiṣṭhāvacanād, yathā yājñavalkyasya pratijñā tathaiva pṛcchati - kindevatastvamasyāṃ diśyasīti | sarvatra hi vede yāṃ yāṃ devatādvapāste, ihaiva tadbhūtastāṃ tāṃ pratipadyata iti;tathā ca vakṣyati -'devo bhūtvā devānapyeti'(bṛ.u.4 | 1 | 2) iti | asyāṃ prācyāṃ kā devatā digātmanastavādhiṣṭhātrī, kayā devatayā tvaṃ prāpīdigrūpeṇa sampanna ityarthaḥ | itara āha - ādityadevata iti | prācyāṃ diśi mama ādityo devatā, so 'hamādityadevataḥ | sadevā ityetaduktam, sapratiṣṭhā iti tu vaktavyamityāha - sa ādityaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? cakṣuṣīti | adhyātmataścakṣuṣa ādityo niṣpanna iti hi mantrabrāhmaṇavādāḥ -"cakṣoḥ sūryo ajāyata" (yaju.31 | 12) "cakṣuṣa ādityaḥ"(ai.u.1 | 4) ityādayaḥ | kāryaṃ hi kāraṇe pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavati | kasminnu cakṣuḥ pratiṣṭhitamiti? rūpeṣviti;rūpagrahaṇāya hi rūpātmakaṃ cakṣu rūpeṇa prayuktam;yairhi rūpaiḥ prayuktaṃ tairātmagrahaṇāyārabdhaṃ cakṣuḥ saha prācyā diśā saha tatsthaiḥ sarvai rūpeṣu pratiṣṭhitam | cakṣuṣā saha prācī dik sarve rūpabhūtā, tāni ca kasminnu rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitānīti? hṛdaya iti hovāca | hṛdayārabdhāni rūpāṇi | rūpākāreṇa hi hṛdayaṃ pariṇatam |
yasmād hṛdayena hi rūpāṇi sarvo loko jānāti |
hṛdayamiti buddhimanaso ekīkṛtya nirdeśaḥ, tasmād hṛdaye hyeva rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitāni |
hṛdayena hi smaraṇaṃ bhavati rūpāṇāṃ vāsanātmanām;tasmād hṛdaye rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitāni ityarthaḥ |
evamevaitad yājñavalkya || 20 ||

kiṃdevato 'syāṃ dakṣiṇāyāṃ diśy asīti | yamadevata iti | sa yamaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | yajña iti | kasmin nu yajñaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | dakṣiṇāyām iti | kasmin nu dakṣiṇā pratiṣṭhiteti | śraddhāyām iti | yadā hy eva śraddhatte 'tha dakṣiṇāṃ dadāti | śraddhāyāṃ hy eva dakṣiṇā pratiṣṭhiteti | kasmin nu śraddhā pratiṣṭhiteti | hṛdaya iti hovāca | hṛdayena hi śraddhām | hṛdaye hy eva śraddhā pratiṣṭhitā bhavatīti | evam evaitad yājñavalkya ||

21. Sâkalya said: 'Which is thy deity in the Southern quarter?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Yama.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Yama abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the sacrifice.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the sacrifice abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Dakshinâ (the gifts to be given to the priests).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Dakshinâ abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In Sraddhâ (faith), for if a man believes, then he gives Dakshinâ, and Dakshinâ truly abides in faith.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what then does faith abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart, for by the heart faith knows, and therefore faith abides in the heart.'
Sâkalya said: 'So it is indeed, O Yâgñavalkya.'

kindevato 'syāṃ dakṣiṇāyāṃ diśyasīti pūrvavat | dakṣiṇāyāṃ diśi kā devatā tatra? yamadevata iti, yamo devatā mama dakṣiṇādigbhūtasya | sa yamaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? yajña iti - yajñe kāraṇe pratiṣṭhito yamaḥ saha diśā | kathaṃ punaryajñasya kāryaṃ yamaḥ? ityucyate - ṛtvigbhirniṣpādito yajño dakṣiṇayā yajamānastebhyo yajñaṃ niṣkrīya tena yajñena dakṣiṇāṃ diśaṃ saha yamenābhijayati | tena yajñe yamaḥ kāryatvāt pratiṣṭhitaḥ saha dakṣiṇayā diśā | kasminnu yajñaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti? dakṣiṇāyāmiti - dakṣiṇayā sa na ṣkrīyate, tena dakṣiṇākāryaṃ yajñaḥ | kasminnu dakṣiṇā pratiṣṭhiteti? śraddhāyāmiti - śraddhā nāma ditsutvam āstikyabuddhibhaktisahitā | kathaṃ tasyāṃ pratiṣṭhitā dakṣiṇā? yasmād yadā hyeva śraddhatte 'tha dakṣiṇāṃ dadāti;nāśraddadhad dakṣiṇāṃ dadāti;tasmācchraddhāyāṃ hyeva dakṣiṇā pratiṣṭhiteti | kasminnu śraddhā pratiṣṭhiteti? hṛdaya iti hovāca - hṛdayasya hi vṛttiḥ śraddhā yasmāt, hṛdayena hi śraddhāṃ jānāti, vṛttiśca vṛttimati pratiṣṭhitā bhavati | tasmād hṛdaye hyeva śraddhā pratiṣṭhitā bhavatīti | evamevaitad yājñavalkya ||21 || ||

kiṃdevato 'syāṃ pratīcyāṃ diśy asīti | varuṇadevata iti | sa varuṇaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | apsv iti | kasmin nv āpaḥ pratiṣṭhitā iti | retasīti | kasmin nu retaḥ pratiṣṭhitam iti | hṛdaya iti | tasmād api pratirūpaṃ jātam āhur hṛdayād iva sṛpto hṛdayād iva nirmita iti | hṛdaye hy eva retaḥ pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavatīti | evam evaitad yājñavalkya ||

22. Sâkalya said: 'Which is thy deity in the Western quarter?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Varuna.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Varuna abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the water.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the water abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the seed.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what does the seed abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart. And therefore also they say of a son who is like his father, that he seems as if slipt from his heart, or made from his heart; for the seed abides in the heart.'
Sâkalya said: 'So it is indeed, O Yâgñavalkya.'

kingadevato 'syāṃ pratīcyāṃ diśyasīti? tasyāṃ varuṇo 'dhidevatā mama | sa varuṇaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? apsviti - apāṃ hi varuṇaḥ kāryam,"śraddhā vā āpaḥ" "śraddhāto varuṇamasṛjata"iti śruteḥ | kasminnvāpaḥ pratiṣṭhitā iti? retasīti -"retaso hyāpaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ"iti śruteḥ | kasminni retaḥ pratiṣṭhitamiti? hṛdaya iti - yasmād hṛdayasya kāryaṃ retaḥ |
kāmo hṛdayasya vṛttiḥ kāmino hi hṛdayādreto 'dhiskandati |
tasmādapi pratirūpamanurūpaṃ putraṃ jātamāhurlokikāḥ - asya piturhṛdayādivāyaṃ putraḥ supto viniḥsṛtaḥ, hṛdayādiva nirmito yathā suvarṇena nirmitaḥ kuṇḍalaḥ |
tasmāt hṛdaye hyeva retaḥ pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavatīti |
evamevaitat yājñavalkya ||22..||

kiṃdevato 'syām udīcyāṃ diśy asīti | somadevata iti | sa somaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | dīkṣāyām iti | kasmin nu dikṣā pratiṣṭhiteti | satya iti | tasmād api dīkṣitam āhuḥ satyaṃ vadeti | satye hy eva dīkṣā pratiṣṭhiteti | kasmin nu satyaṃ pratiṣṭhitam iti | hṛdaya iti hovāca | hṛdayena hi satyaṃ jānāti | hṛdaye hy eva satyaṃ pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavatīti | evam evaitad yājñavalkya ||

23. Sâkalya said: 'Which is thy deity in the Northern quarter?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Soma.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Soma abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Dîkshâ.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Dîkshâ abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the True; and therefore they say to one who has performed the Dîkshâ, Speak what is true, for in the True indeed the Dîkshâ abides.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what does the True abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart, for with the heart do we know what is true, and in the heart indeed the True abides.'
Sâkalya said: 'So it is indeed, O Yâgñavalkya.'

kindevato 'syāmudīcyāṃ diśyasīti? somadevata iti - soma iti latāṃ somaṃ devatāṃ caikīkṛtya nirdeśaḥ |
sa somaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? dīkṣāyāmiti - dīkṣito hi yajamānaḥ somaṃ krīṇāti, krītena someneṣṭvā jñānavānuttarāṃ diśaṃ pratipadyate somadevatādhiṣṭhitāṃ saumyām |
kasminnu dīkṣā pratiṣṭhiteti!satya iti;katham? yasmāt satye dīkṣā pratiṣṭhitā, tasmādapi dīkṣitamāhuḥ - satyaṃ vadeti;kāraṇabhreṣo kāryabhreṣo mā bhūditi;satye hyeva dīkṣā pratiṣṭhitamiti? hṛdaya iti hovāca;hṛdayena hi satyaṃ jānāti;tasmād hṛdaye hyeva satyaṃ pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavatīti |
evamevaitad yājñavalkya || 23 ||

kiṃdevato 'syāṃ dhruvāyāṃ diśy asīti | agnidevata iti | so 'gniḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | vācīti | kasmin nu vāk pratiṣṭhiteti | hṛdaya iti | kasmin nu hṛdayaṃ pratiṣṭhitam iti ||

24. Sâkalya said: 'Which is thy deity in the zenith?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Agni.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Agni abide.'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In speech.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what does speech abide
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what does the heart abide?'

kindevato 'syāṃ diśyasīti | meroḥ samantato vasatāmavyabhicārādūrdhvā dig dhruvetyucyate | agnidevata iti - ūrdhvāyāṃ hi prakāśabhūyastvam, prakāśaścāgniḥ | so 'gniḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? vācīti | kasminni vāk pratiṣṭhiteti? hṛdaya iti |
tatra yājñavalkyaḥ sarvāsu dikṣu vipasṛtena hṛdayena sarvāṃ diśa ātmatvenābhisampannaḥ;sadevāḥ sapratiṣṭhitā diśa ātmabhūtāstasya nāmarūpakarmātmabhūtasya yājñavalkyasya |
yad rūpaṃ tat prācyā diśā saha hṛdayabhūtaṃ yājñavalkyasya |
yat kevalaṃ karma putrotpādanalakṣaṇaṃ ca yānasahitaṃ ca sahaphenādhiṣṭhātrībhiśca devatābhirdakṣiṇāpratīcyudīcyaḥ karmaphalātmikā hṛdayameva āpannāstasya, dhruvayā diśā saha nāma sarvaṃ vāgdvāreṇa hṛdayameva āpannam |
etāvaddhīdaṃ sarvam, yaduta rūpaṃ vā karma vā nāma veti tat sarvaṃ hṛdayameva, tat sarvātmakaṃ hṛdayaṃ pṛcchyate - kasminnu hṛdayaṃ pratiṣṭhitamiti || 24 ||

ahalliketi hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | yatraitad anyatrāsman manyāsai | yad dhy etad anyatrāsmat syāc chvāno vainad adyur vayāṃsi vainad vimathnīrann iti ||

25. Yâgñavalkya said: 'O Ahallika, when you think the heart could be anywhere else away from us, if it were away from us, the dogs might eat it, or the birds tear it.'

ahalliketi hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ, nāmāntareṇa sambodhanaṃ kṛtavān |
yatra yasminkāle, etad hṛdayamātmāsya asmadasmatto vartata iti manyāsai manyase - yaddhi yadi hyetad hṛdayamanyatrāsmat syād bhavet, śvānau vainaccharīraṃ tadā adyuḥ, vayāṃsi vā pakṣiṇo vainad vimathnīran viloḍayeyuḥ vikarperanniti |
tasmānmayi śarīre hṛdayaṃ pratiṣṭhitamityarthaḥ |
śarīrasyāpi nāmarūpakarmātmakatvāt hṛdaye pratiṣṭhitatvam || 25 ||
hṛdayaśarīrasyorevamanyenyapratiṣṭhoktā kāryakaraṇayoḥ atastvāṃ pṛcchāmi -

kasmin nu tvaṃ cātmā ca pratiṣṭhitau stha iti | prāṇa iti | kasmin nu prāṇaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | apāna iti | kasmin nv apānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | vyāna iti | kasmin nu vyānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | udāna iti | kasmin nūdānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | samāna iti | sa eṣa neti nety ātmā | agṛhyo na hi gṛhyate | aśīryo na hi śīryate | asaṅgo na sajyate | asito na vyathate | na riṣyati | etāny aṣṭāv āyatanāny aṣṭau lokā add. aṣṭau devā aṣṭau puruṣāḥ | sa yas tān puruṣān niruhya pratyuhyātyakrāmat taṃ tvaupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmi | taṃ cen me na vivakṣyasi mūrdhā te vipatiṣyatīti | taṃ ha na mene śākalyas | tasya ha mūrdhā vipapāta | api hāsya parimoṣiṇo 'sthīny apajahrur anyan manyamānāḥ ||

26. Sâkalya said: 'And in what dost thou (thy body) and the Self (thy heart) abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Prâna (breath).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Prâna abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: In the Apâna (down-breathing).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Apâna abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Vyâna (back-breathing ).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Vyâna-abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Udâna (the out-breathing).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Udâna abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Samâna. That Self (âtman) is to be described by No, no 1! He is incomprehensible, for he cannot be (is not) comprehended; he is imperishable, for he cannot perish; he is unattached, for he does not attach himself; unfettered, he does not suffer, he does not fail.' 'These are the eight abodes (the earth, &c.), the eight worlds (fire, &c.), the eight gods (the immortal food, &c.), the eight persons (the corporeal, &c.) He who after dividing and uniting these persons, went beyond (the Samâna), that person, taught in the Upanishads, I now ask thee (to teach me). If thou shalt not explain him to me, thy head will fall.'
Sâkalya did not know him, and his head fell, nay, thieves took away his bones, mistaking them for something else.

kasminnu tvaṃ ca śarīramātmā ca tava hṛdayaṃ pratiṣṭhitau stha iti? prāṇa iti;dehātmānau prāṇe pratiṣṭhitau syātāṃ prāṇavṛttau | kasminnu prāṇāḥ pratiṣṭhita iti apāna iti - sāpi prāṇavṛttiḥ prāgeva preyāt apānavṛttyā cenna nigṛhyeta | kasminnvapānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti? vyāna iti - sāpyapānavṛttiradha eva yāyāt prāṇavṛttiśca prāgeva, madhyasthayā cedvyānavṛttyā na nigṛhyeta | kasminnu vyānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti? udāna iti - sarvāstisro 'pi vṛttaya udāne kīlasthānīye cenna niruddhā, viṣvageveyuḥ | kasminnūdānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti? samāna iti - samānapratiṣṭhā hyetāḥ sarvā vṛttayaḥ | etaduktaṃ bhavati - śarīrahṛdayavāyavo 'nyonyapratiṣṭhāḥ, saṅghātena niṣatā vartante vijñānamayārthaprayuktā iti | sarvametad yena niyataṃ yasmin pratiṣṭhitamākāśāntamotaṃ ca protaṃ ca, tasya nirupādhikasya sākṣādaparokṣād brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ katavya ityayamārambhaḥ | sa eṣaḥ - sayo netinetīti nirdiṣṭo madhukāṇḍe, eṣa saḥ | so 'yamātmāgṛhyo na gṛhyaḥ | katham? yasmāt sarvakāryadharmātītaḥ, tasmādagṛhyaḥ | kutaḥ? yasmānna hi gṛhyate | yaddhi karaṇagocaraṃ vyākṛtaṃ vastu, tad grahaṇagocaram. idaṃ tu tadviparītamātmatattvam | tathāśīryaḥ;yaddhi mūrtaṃ saṃhataṃ śarīrādi tacchīryate;ayaṃ tu tadviparīto 'to na hi śīryate | tathāsaṅgo mūrto mūrtāntareṇa sambadhyamānaḥ sajyate 'yaṃ ca tadviparīto 'to na hi sajyate | tathāsito 'baddhaḥ, yaddhi mūrta tad vadhyate;ayaṃ tu tadviparītatvādabaddhatvānna vyathate, ato na riṣyati - grahaṇaviśaraṇasambandhakāryadharmarahitatvānna riṣyati na hiṃsāmāpadyate na vinaśyatītyarthaḥ | kramamatikramya aupaniṣadasya puruṣasya ākhyāyikāto 'pasṛtya śrutyā svena rūpeṇa tvarayā nirdeśaḥ kṛtaḥ, tataḥ punarākhyāyikāmevāśrityāha - etāni yānyuktānyaṣṭāvāyatanāni'pṛthivyeva yasyāyatanam'ityevamādīni, aṣṭau lokā agnilokādayaḥ, aṣṭau devāḥ amṛtamiti hovāca ityevamādayaḥ, aṣṭau puruṣāḥ śarīraḥ puruṣaḥ, ityādayaḥ, sa yaḥ kaścit tān puruṣāñśārīraprabhṛtīn niruhya niścayenohya garmayitvāṣṭacatuṣkabhedena lokasthitimupapādyaḥ, punaḥ prācīdigādidvāreṇa pratyuhya upasaṃhṛtya svātmani hṛdaye 'tyakrāmadatikrāntavānupādhidharma hṛdayādyātmatvam;svenaivātmanā vyavasthito ya aupaniṣadaḥ puruṣo 'śanāyādivarjitaḥ upaniṣatsveva vijñeyo nānyapramāṇagamyaḥ, taṃ tvā tvāṃ vidyābhimāninaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmi | taṃ ced yadi me na vivakṣyasi vispaṣṭaṃ na kathayiṣyasi, mūrdhā te vipatiṣyatītyāha yājñavalkyaḥ | taṃ tvaupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ śākalyo na mene ha na vijñātavān kila tasya ha mūrdhā vipapāta vipatitaḥ | samāptākhyāyakā | śrutevacanaṃ taṃ ha na mena ityādi | kiṃ cāpi hāsya parimoṣiṇastaskarā asthīnyapi saṃskārārtha śiṣyenīyamānāni gṛhān pratyapajahaḥ-apahratavantaḥ kinnimittam? anyad dhanaṃ nīyamānaṃ manyamānāḥ | pūrvavṛttā hyākhyāyikeha sūcitā |
aṣṭādhyāya kila śākalyena yājñavalkyasya samānānta eva kila saṃvādo nivṛttaḥ;tatra yājñavalkyena śāpo dattaḥ-pure 'tithye mariṣyasi na te 'sthīni ca na gṛhān prāpsyantīti |
sa ha tathaiva mamāra |
tasya hāpyanvaḥ manyamānāḥ parimoṣiṇo 'thīnyapajahaḥ;tasmānnopavādī syāduta hyevaṃvit paro bhavatīti |
saipā ākhyāyikā ācārārtha sūcitā vidyāstutaye ceha || 26 ||
yasya neti, netītyanyapratiṣedhadvāreṇa brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ kṛtaḥ, tasya vidhimukhena kathaṃ nirdeśaḥ kartavyaḥ, iti punarākhyāyikāmeva āśrityāha mūlaṃ ca jagato vaktavyamiti | ākhyāyikāsambandhastvavrahyavido brāhmaṇāñjitvā godhanaṃ irtavyamiti | nyāyaṃ matvāha--

atha hovāca -- brāhmaṇā bhagavanto yo vaḥ kāmayate sa mā pṛcchatu | sarve vā mā pṛcchata | yo vaḥ kāmayate taṃ vaḥ pṛcchāmi sarvān vā vaḥ pṛcchāmīti | te ha brāhmaṇā na dadhṛṣuḥ ||

27. Then Yâgñavalkya said: 'Reverend Brâhmanas, whosoever among you desires to do so, may now question me. Or question me, all of you. Or whosoever among you desires it, I shall question him, or I shall question all of you. But those Brâhmanas durst not (say anything).

atha hovāca |
athānantaraṃ tūṣṇīmbhūteṣu brāhmaṇeṣu hovāca, he brāhemaṇā bhagavanta ityevaṃ sambodhya-yo vo yuṣmākaṃ madhye kāmayate icchati-yājñavalkyaṃ pṛcchāmīti, sa mā māmāgatya pṛcchat;sarve vā mā pṛcchata- sarve vā yūyaṃ mā māṃ pṛcchata |
yo vaḥ kāmayate yājñavalkyo māṃ pṛcchatviti, taṃ vaḥ pṛcchami;sarvān vā vo yuṣmānahaṃ pṛcchāmi |
te ha brāhmaṇā na dadhṛṣuḥ-te brāhmaṇā evamuktā api na pragalbhāḥ saṃvṛttāḥ kiñcidapi pratyuttaraṃ vaktum || 27 ||

tān haitaiḥ ślokaiḥ papraccha -- yathā vṛkṣo vanaspatis tathaiva puruṣo 'mṛṣā | tasya lomāni parṇāni tvag asyotpāṭikā bahiḥ ||
tvaca evāsya rudhiraṃ prasyandi tvaca utpaṭaḥ | tasmāt tad ātṛṇṇāt praiti raso vṛkṣād ivāhatāt ||
māṃsāny asya śakarāṇi kināṭaṃ snāva tat sthiram | asthīny antarato dāruṇi majjā majjopamā kṛtā ||
yad vṛkṣo vṛkṇo rohati mūlān navataraḥ punaḥ | martyaḥ svin mṛtyunā vṛkṇaḥ kasmān mūlāt prarohati ||
retasa iti mā vocata jīvatas tat prajāyate | dhānāruha iva vai vṛkṣo 'ñjasā pretya sambhavaḥ ||
yat samūlam āvṛheyur vṛkṣaṃ na punar ābhavet | martyaḥ svin mṛtyunā vṛkṇaḥ kasmān mūlāt prarohati ||
jāta eva na jāyate ko nv enaṃ janayet punaḥ | vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma rātir dātuḥ parāyaṇam ||
tiṣṭhamānasya tadvida iti ||

28. Then Yâgñavalkya questioned them with these Slokas:
1. 'As a mighty tree in the forest, so in truth is man, his hairs are the leaves, his outer skin is the bark.
2. 'From his skin flows forth blood, sap from the skin (of the tree); and thus from the wounded man comes forth blood, as from a tree that is struck.
3. 'The lumps of his flesh are (in the tree) the layers of wood, the fibre is strong like the tendons. The bones are the (hard) wood within, the marrow is made like the marrow of the tree.
4. 'But, while the tree, when felled, grows up again more young from the root, from what root, tell me, does a mortal grow up, after he has been felled by death?5. 'Do not say, "from seed," for seed is produced from the living; but a tree, springing from a grain, clearly rises again after death.
6. 'If a tree is pulled up with the root, it will not grow again; from what root then, tell me, does a mortal grow up, after he has been felled by death?
7. 'Once born, he is not born (again); for who should create him again?'
'Brahman, who is knowledge and bliss, he is the principle, both to him who gives gifts, and also to him who stands firm, and knows.'

teṣu apragalbhabhūteṣu brāhmaṇeṣu tān haitairvakṣyamāṇaiḥ ślokaiḥ papraccha pṛṣṭavān |
yathā loke vṛkṣo vanaspatiḥ, vṛkṣasya viśeṣaṇaṃ vanaspatiriti, tathaiva puruṣo 'mṛpā-amṛpā satyametat-tasya lomāni;tasya puruṣasya lomānītarasya vanaspateḥ parṇāni;tvagasyotpāṭikā vahiḥ-tvagasya puruṣasya itarasyotpāṭikā vanaspateḥ || 1 ||
tvaca eva sakāśādasya puruṣasya rudhiraṃ prasyandi, vanaspateratvaca utpaṭaḥ-tvaca evotsphuṭati yasmāt;evaṃ sarvaṃ samānameva vanaspateḥ puruṣasya ca;tasmād ātṛṇṇāt hisitāt prati tad rudhiraṃ nirgacchati vṛkṣādivāhatācchinnād rasaḥ || 2 ||
evaṃ māṃsānyasya puruṣasya, vanaspatesyāni śakarāṇi śakalānītyarthaḥ |
kināṭaṃ vṛkṣasya, kināṭaṃ nāma śakalebhyo 'bhyantaraṃ valkalarūpaṃ kāṣṭhasaṃlagnam, tat snāva puruṣasya;tat sthiram-tacca kināṭaṃ snāvavad dṛḍhaṃ hi tat;asthīni puruṣasya, snāvno 'ntarato 'sthīni bhavanti;tathā kināṭasyābhyantarato dāruṇi kāṣṭhāni;majjā, majjeva vanaspateḥ puruṣasya ca majjopamā kṛtā, majjāyā upamāmajjopamā, nānyo viśeṣo 'stītyarthaḥ;yathā vanaspatermajjā tathā puruṣasya, yathā puruṣasya tathā vanaspateḥ || 3 ||
yad yadi vṛkṣo vṛkṇaśchinno rohati punaḥ punaḥ prarohatiprādurbhavati mūlāt punarnavataraḥ pūrvasmādabhinavataraḥ;yadetasmād viśeṇāt prāg vanaspateḥ puruṣasya ca, sarvaṃ sāmānyamavagatam;ayaṃ tu vanaspatau viśeṣo dṛśyate yacchinnasyaprarohaṇam;na tu puruṣe mṛtyunā vṛkṇe punaḥ prarohaṇaṃ dṛśyate;bhavitavyaṃ ca kutaścitprarohaṇena;tasmāda vaḥ pṛcchāmi-martyo manuṣyaḥ svinmṛtyunā vṛkṇaḥ kasmānmūlāt prarohati? mṛtasya puruṣasya kutaḥ prarohaṇamityarthaḥ || 4 ||
yadi cedevaṃ vadatha-retamaḥ prarohatīti, mā vocata maivaṃ vaṣatumarhatha;kasmāt? yasmājjīvataḥ puruṣāttad retaḥ prajāyate, na mṛtāt |
api ca dhānāruhaḥ, dhānā bījam, bījaruho |
pi vṛkṣo bhavati, na kevalaṃ kāṇḍaraha eva;ivaśabdo 'narthakaḥ, vai vṛkṣo 'jjasā sākṣāt pretya mṛtvāsambhavo dhānāto 'pi pretya sambhavo bhavedajjasā punarvanaspateḥ || 5 ||
yad yadi saha mūlena dhānyā vā āvṛheyurudyaccheparuyeyurvṛkṣam, na punarābhavet punarāgatya na bhavet |
tasmād vaḥ pṛcchāmi sarvasyaiva jagato mūlam sartyaḥ svinmṛtyunā vṛkṇaḥ kasmānmūlāt prarohati || 6 ||
jāta eva na jāyate ko nv enaṃ janayet punaḥ |
vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma rātir dātuḥ parāyaṇam ||
jāta eveti manyadhvaṃ yadi kimanna praṣṭavyamiti-aniṣyamāṇasya hi sambhavaḥ praṣṭavyaḥ, na jātasya, ayaṃ tu jāta evātopasmin viṣaye praśna eva nopa'dyata iti cet-na, kiṃ tarhi? mṛtaḥ punarapi jāyata evānyathākṛtābhyāgamakṛtanāśaprasaṅgāt;ato vaḥ pṛcchāmi-ko nvenaṃ mṛtaṃ punarjanayet? tatra vijajñurbrāhmaṇāḥ-yato mṛtaḥ punaḥ prarohati jagato mūlaṃ na vijñātaṃ brāhmaṇaiḥ;ato brahmiṣṭhatvād hratā gāvaḥ;yājñavalkyena jitābrāhmaṇāḥ | samāptā ākhyāyikā | yajjagato mūlam, yena ca śabdena sākṣād vyapadiśyate brahma, yad yājñavalkyo brāhmaṇān pṛṣṭavāṃstat svena rūpeṇa śrutirasyabhyamāha-vijñānaṃ vijñaptirvijñānam, tacca ānandam, na viṣayavijñānavad duḥkhānuvidvam, kiṃ tarhi? prasannaṃ śivamatulamanāyāsaṃnityatṛptame karasamityarthaḥ. kiṃ tad brahma umayaviśeṇavad rātiḥ-rāteḥ paṣṭhayatha prathamā, dhanasyetyarthaḥ, dhanasya dātuḥ karmakṛto yajamānasya parāyaṇaṃ parā gatiḥ karmaphalasya pradātṛ | kiñca vyutthāyaiṣaṇābhyasyasminneva brahmāṇi tiṣṭhatyakarmakṛt, tad brahma vettīti tadvicca;tasya-tiṣṭhamānasya ca tadvidaḥ, brahmavida ityarthaḥ, parāyaṇamiti | atredaṃ vicāryate-ānandaśabdo loke sukhavācī prasidvaḥ, atra ca brahmaṇo viśeṣaṇatvena ānandaśabdaḥ śrūyate-ānandaṃ brahmeti | śrutyantare ca-"ānando brahmeti vyajānāt""ānandaṃ brahmaṇo vidvān" "yadeṣa ākāśa ānando na syāta" "yo vai bhūmā tat sukham"iti ca;"eṣa parama ānandaḥ"ityevamādyāḥ | saṃvedye ca sukhe ānandaśabdaḥ prasidvaḥ brahmānandaśca yadi saṃvedyaḥ syād yuktā ete brahmaṇyānandaśabdāḥ | nanu ca śrutiprāmāṇyāt saṃvedyānandasvarūpameva brahma, kiṃ tatra vicāryam? iti na, virudvaśrutivākyadarśanāt--satyam, ānandaśabdo brahmaṇi śrūyate, vijñānapratiṣedhaścaikatve--"yatra tvasya sarvamātmaivābhūttatkena kaṃ paśyettatkena kaṃ vijānīyāt" "yatra nānyat paśyati nānyacchṛṇoti nānyadvijānāti sa bhūmā" "prājñenātmanā sampariṣvakto na bāhyaṃ kiñcana veda"ityādi;virudvaśrutivākyadarśanāt tena kartavyo vicāraḥ;tasmād yuktaṃ vedavākyarthanirṇayāya vicārayitum | mokṣavādivipratipatteśca-sāṃkhyā vaiśeṣikāśca mokṣavādino nāsti mokṣe sukhaṃ saṃvedyamityevaṃ vipratipannāḥ;anye nigtiśayaṃ sukhaṃ svasaṃvadyamiti;kiṃ tāvad yuktam? ānandādiśravaṇāt"jakṣatakrīḍan ramamāṇaḥ"'sayāda pitṛlokakāmo bhavata' "yaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvavit""sarvān kāmān samaśnute"ityādiśrutibhyo mokṣe sukhaṃ saṃvedyamiti | nanvekatve kārakavimāgamāvād vijñānānupapattiḥ, kriyāyāścāne kakārakrasādhyātvād vijñānasya ca kriyātvāt | naiṣa doṣaḥ;śabdaprāmāṇyād bhaved vijñānamānandaviṣaye;"vijñānamānandam"ityādīni ānandasvarūpasyāsaṃvedyatve 'nupapannāni vacanānītyavocāma | nanu vacanenāpyagneḥ śaityamudakasya cauṣbhyaṃ na kriyate eva, jñāpakatvād vacanānām | na ca deśāntare 'gniḥ śīta iti śakyate jñāpayitum;agamye vā deśāntare uṣṇamudakamiti | na, pratyagātmanyānandavijñānadarśanāt;na'vijñānamānandam'itvevamādīnāṃ vacanānāṃ śīto 'gnirityādivākyavat pratyakṣādivirudvārthapratipādakatvām | anubhūyate tvavirudvārthatā;sukhyahamiti sukhātmakamātmānaṃ svayameva vedayate;tasmāt sutarāṃ pratyakṣāvirudvārthatā;tasmādānandaṃ brahma vijñānātmakaṃ sat svayameva vedayate | tathā ānandapratipādikāḥ śrutayaḥ samañjasāḥ syuḥ'jakṣat krīḍan ramamāṇaḥ' ityevamādyāḥ pūrvoktāḥ | na, kāryakaraṇābhāve 'nupapattervijñānasya-śarīraviyogo hi mokṣa ātyantikaḥ;śarīrabhāve ca karaṇānupapattiḥ, āśrayābhāvāt;tataśca vijñānānupattiḥ, ākāryakaraṇatvāt;dehadyabhāve ca vijñānotpattau sarveṣāṃ kāryakaraṇopādānānarthakyaprasaṅgaḥ | ekatvavirodhācca-paraṃ ced brahma ānandātmakamātmānaṃ nityavijñānatvānnityameva vijānīyāt, tanna, saṃsāryapi saṃsāravinirmuktaḥ svābhāvyaṃ pratipadyeta;jalāśaya ivodakāñjaliḥ kṣipto na pṛthaktvena vyavatiṣṭhate ānandātmakabrahmavijñānāya, tadā mukta ānandātmakamātmānaṃ vedayate ityetadanarthakaṃ vākyam | atha brahmānandamanyāḥ san mukto vedayate, pratyagātmānaṃ ca, ahamasmyānandasvarūpa iti, tadaikatvavirodhaḥ, tathā ca sati sarvaśrutivirodhaḥ, tṛtīyā ca kalpanā nopapadyate | kiñcānyat, brahmaṇaśca nirantarātmānandavijñāne vijñānāvijñānakalpanānarthakyam;nirantaraṃ cedātmānandaviṣayaṃ brahmaṇo vijñānam, tadeva tasya svabhāva ityātmānandaṃ vijānātīti kalpanānupapannā;atadvijñānaprasaṅge hi kalpanāyā arthavattvam, yathā ātmānaṃ paraṃ ca vettīti, na hīṣvādyāsaktamanaso nairantaryeṇoṣujñānājñānakalpanāyā arthavattvam | atha vicchinnamātmānandaṃ vijānāti-vijñānasya ātmavijñānacchidre anyaviṣayatvaprasaṅgaḥ;ātmanaśya vikriyāvattvaṃ tataścānityatvaprasaṅgaḥ;tasmād vijñānamānandamiti svarūpānvākhyānaparaiva śrutiḥ, nātmānandasaṃvedyatvārtha |
'jakṣat krīḍan'ityādiśrutivirodho 'saṃvedyatva iti cet! na;sarvātmaikatve yathāprāptānuvāditvāt-muktasya sarvātmabhāve sati yatra kvacid yogiṣu deveṣu vā jakṣaṇādi prāptam, tad yathāprāptamevānūdyate-tattasyaiva sarvātmabhāvāditi sarvātmabhāvamokṣastutaye |
yathāprāptānuvaditve duḥkhitvamapīti cet-yogyādiṣu yathāprāptajakṣaṇādivat sthāvarādiṣu yathāprāptaduḥkhitvamapīti cet! na, nāmarūpakṛtakāryakaraṇopādhisamparkajanitabhrāntyadhyāropitatvāt sukhitvaduḥkhitvādiviśeṣasyeti parihratametat sarvam |
virudvaśrutīnāṃ ca viṣayamavocāma |
tasmāt"eṣo 'sya parama ānandaḥ"itivat sarvāṣyānandavākyāni draṣṭavyāni || 28 ||
iti tṛtīyādhyāye navamaṃ śākalyabrāhmaṇam ||1 ||
iti bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ Adhyāya 4
janako ha vaideha āsāñcakre | asya sambandhaḥ- śarīrādyānaṣṭau puruṣānniruhya, pratyuhya punarhṛdaye, digbhedanena ca punaḥ pañcadhā vyāhya, hṛdaye pratyūhya, hṛdayaṃ śarīraṃ ca punaranyonyapratiṣṭhaṃ prāṇādipaḍhtavṛtyātmake samānākhye jagadātmanu sūtra upasaṃhṛtya, jagadātmani sūtra upasaṃhṛtya, jagadātmānaṃśarīrahṛdayasūtrāvasthamatikrāntavān ya aupaniṣadaḥ puruṣo neti netīti vyapadiṣṭaḥ, sa sākṣāñcopādānakāraṇasvarūpeṇa ca nirdiṣṭaḥ 'vijñānamānandam' iti | tasyaiva vāgādidevatādvāreṇa punaradhigamaḥ kartavya ityadhigamanopāyāntarārtho 'yamārambho brāhmaṇadvayasya | ākhyāyikā tvācārapradarśanārthā-

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