Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣat

Complete text

sa yatrāyam ātmābalyaṃ nyetya saṃmoham iva nyeti | athainam ete prāṇā abhisamāyanti | sa etās tejomātrāḥ samabhyādadāno hṛdayam evānvavakrāmati | sa yatraiṣa cākṣuṣaḥ puruṣaḥ parāṅ paryāvartate | athārūpajño bhavati ||

FOURTH BRÂHMANA
1. Yâgñavalkya continued: 'Now when that Self, having sunk into weakness, sinks, as it were, into unconsciousness, then gather those senses (prânas) around him, and he, taking with him those elements of light, descends into the heart When that person in the eye turns away, then he ceases to know any forms.

sa yatrāyamamātmā | saṃsāropavarṇanaṃ prastutam | tatrāyaṃ puruṣa ebhyo 'ṅgebhyaḥ saṃpramucyetyuktam | tatsaṃpramokṣaṇaṃ kasminkāle kathe veti savistaraṃ saṃsaraṇaṃ varṇayitavyamityāpabhyate-so 'yamātmā prastuto yatra yasminkāle 'balyamabalabhāvaṃ ni etya gatvā | yaddehasya daurbalyaṃ tadātmana eva daurbalyamityuparyate 'balyaṃ nyetyeti | na hyasau svato 'mūrtatvādabalabhāvaṃ gacchati | tathā saṃmohamiva saṃmūṭhatā saṃmoho vivekābhāvaḥ saṃmūḍhatāmiva nyeti nigacchati | na cāsya svataḥ saṃmoho 'saṃmoho vāsti | nityacaitanyajyotiḥsvabhāvatvāt | tenevaśabdaḥ saṃmohamiva nyetīti | utkrāntikālaṃ hi karaṇopasaṃhāranimitto vyākulībhāva ātmana iva lakṣyate laikikaiḥ | tathā ca vaktāro bhavanti saṃmūḍhaḥ saṃmūḍho 'yamiti | atha vobhayatrevaśabdaprayogo yojyaḥ | abalyamiva nyet saṃmohamiva nyetīti | ubhayas paropādhinimittatvāviśeṣāt | samānakartṛkanirdeśācca | athāsminkāla ete prāṇā vāgādaya enamātmanamabhisamāyanti tadāsya śārīrasyā'tmano 'ṅgebhyaḥ saṃpramo7ṇam | kathaṃ punaḥ saṃpramokṣaṇaṃ kena vā prakāreṇā'tmānamabhisamāyantīti | ucyate-sa ātmaitāstejomātrāstejaso mātrāstejomātrāstejovayavā rūpādiprakāśakatvāccakṣurādīni karaṇānītyarthaḥ | tā etāḥ samabhyādadānaḥ samyaṅnirlepenābhyādadāna ābhimukhyenā | ña'dadānaḥ saṃharamāṇastatsvapnāpekṣayā viśeṣaṇaṃ samiti | na tu svapne nirlepena samyāgādānam | asti tvādānamātram | 'gṛhītā vāggṛhītaṃ cakṣuḥ' 'asya lokasya sarvāvato mātrāmapādāya' 'śukramādāye'tyādivākyebhyaḥ | hṛdayameva puṇḍarīkākāramanvakrāmatyanvāgacchati | hṛdaye 'bhivyaktavijñāno bhavatītyarthaḥ | buddhyādivikṣepopasaṃhāpe sati | na hi tasya svataścalanaṃ vikṣepopasaṃhārādivikriyā vā | dhyāyatīva lelāyatīvetyuktvāt | buddhyādyupādhidvāraiva hi sarvavikriyā'dhyāropyatetasmin | kadā punastasya tejomātrābhyādāmiti | uc.te-sa yatraiṣa cakṣuṣi bhavaścākṣuṣa- puruṣa jādityāṃśo bhoktuḥ karmaṇā prayukto yādavaddehadhāraṇaṃ tāvaccakṣuṣo 'nugrahaṃ kurvanvartate | maraṇakāle tvasya cakṣuranugrahaṃ parityajati svamādityātmānaṃ pratipadyate | tadetaduktaṃ"yatrāsya puruṣasya mṛtasyāgniṃ vāgapyeti vātaṃ prāṇaścakṣurādityāmi"tyādi |
punardehagrahaṇakāle saṃśrayiṣyanti |
tathā svapsyataḥ prabudhyataśca |
tadetadāhi-cākṣuṣaḥ puruṣo yatra yasminkāle parāṅparyāvartate parisamantātparāṅvyāvartata iti |
athātrāsminkāle 'rūpajño bhavati mumūrṣū rūpaṃ na jānāti tadāyamātmā cakṣurāditejomātrāḥ samabhyādadāno bhavati svapnkāla iva ||4,4.1||

ekībhavati na paśyatīty āhuḥ | ekībhavati na jighratīty āhuḥ | ekībhavati na rasayatīty āhuḥ | ekībhavati na vadatīty āhuḥ | ekībhavati na śṛṇotīty āhuḥ | ekībhavati na manuta ity āhuḥ | ekībhavati na spṛśatīty āhuḥ | ekībhavati na vijānātīty āhuḥ | tasya haitasya hṛdayasyāgraṃ pradyotate | tena pradyotenaiṣa ātmā niṣkrāmati | cakṣuṣṭo vā mūrdhno vānyebhyo vā śarīradeśebhyaḥ | tam utkrāmantaṃ prāṇo 'nūtkrāmati | prāṇam anūtkrāmantaṃ sarve prāṇā anūtkrāmanti | savijñano bhavati | saṃjānam evānvavakrāmati | taṃ vidyākarmaṇī samanvārabhete pūrvaprajñā ca ||

2. '"He has become one," they say, "he does not see." "He has become one," they say, "he does not smell." "He has become one," they say, "he does not taste." "He has become one," they say, "he does not speak." "He has become one," they say, "he does not hear." "He has become one," they say, "he does not think." "He has become one," they say, "he does not touch." "He has become one," they say, "he does not know." The point of his heart becomes lighted up, and by that light the Self departs, either through the eye, or through the skull, or through other places of the body. And when he thus departs, life (the chief prâna) departs after him, and when life thus departs, all the other vital spirits (prânas) depart after it. He is conscious, and being conscious he follows and departs. 'Then both his knowledge and his work take hold of him, and his acquaintance with former things.'

ekībhavati karaṇajātaṃ svena liṅgātmanā | tadaivana pārśvasthā āhurna paśyatīti | tathā ghrāṇadevatānivṛttau ghrāṇamekībhavati liṅgātmanā tadā na jighratītyāhuḥ | samānamanyat | jihvāyāṃ somo varuṇo vā devatā tannivṛtyapekṣayā na rasayata ityāhuḥ | tathā na vadati na śṛṇoti na manute na spṛśati na vijānātītyāhuḥ | tadopalakṣyate devatānivṛttiḥ karaṇānāṃ ca hṛdaya ekībhāvaḥ | tatra hṛdaya upasaṃhṛteṣu karaṇeṣu yo 'ntarvāyapāraḥ sa kathyate-tasya haitasya prakṛtasya hṛdayasya hṛdayacchidrasyetyetat | agraṃ nāḍīmukhaṃ nirgamadvāraṃ pradyotate svapnakāla iva svena bhāsātejomātrādānakṛtena svonāva jyotiṣā'tmanaiva ca | tenā'tmajyotiṣā pradyotena hṛdayāgreṇaiṣa ātmā vijñānamayo liṅgopādhirnigracchati niṣkramāti | tathā'tharvaṇe"kasminnvahamutkrānta utkrānto bhaviṣyāmi kasminvā pratiṣṭhate pratiṣṭhāsyāmīti sa prāṇamasṛjata"iti | tatra cā'tmacaitanyajyotiḥ sarvadābhivyaktataram | tadupādhidvārā hyātmani janmamaraṇagamanāgamanādisarvavikriyālakṣaṇaḥ saṃvyavahāraḥ | tadātmakaṃ hi dvādaśavidhaṃ karaṇaṃ buddhyādi tatsūtraṃ tajjīvanaṃ so 'ntarātmā jagatastasthuṣaśca | tena pradyotena hṛdayāgraprakāśena niṣkramamāṇaḥ kena mārgeṇa niṣkrāmatīti | ucyate-cakṣuṣṭo vā | ādityalokaprāptinimittaṃ jñānaṃ karma vā yadi syāt | mūrdhno vā brahmalokaprāptinimittaṃ cet | anyebhyo vā śarīradeśebhyaḥ śarīrāvayavebhyo yathākarma yathāśrutam | taṃ vijñānātmānamutkrāmantaṃ paralokasya prasthitaṃ paralokāyodbhūtākūtamityartha- | prāṇaḥ sarvādhikāristhānīyo rājña ivānūtkrāmati | taṃ ca prāṇamanūtkrāmantaṃ vāgādayaḥ sarve prāṇāṃ anūtkrāmanti | yathāpradhānānvācikhyāseyaṃ na tu krameṇa sārthavadgmanamiha vivakṣitam | tadaiṣa ātmā savijñāno bhavati svapn iva viśeṣavijñānavānbhavati karmavaśānn svatantraḥ svātantryeṇa hi savijñānatve sarvaḥ kṛtakṛtyaḥ syāt | naiva tu tallabhyate | ata evā'ha vyāsaḥ"sadā tadbhāvabhāvitaḥ"iti | karmaṇā tūdbhāvyamānenāntaḥkaraṇavṛttiviśeṣāśritavāsanātmakaviśeṣavijñānena sarvo loka etasminkāle savijñāno bhavati | savijñānameva ca gantavyamanvavakrāmatyagacchati viśeṣavijñānodbhāsitamevetyarthaḥ | tasmāttatkāle svātantryārthaṃ yogadharmānusevanaṃ parisaṃkhyānābhyāsaśca viśiṣṭapuṇyopayaśca śraddhadhānaiḥ paralokārthibhirapramattaiḥ kartavya iti | sarvaśāstrāṇāṃ yatnato vidheyor'tho duścaritāccoparamaṇam | na hi tatkāle śakyate kiñcitsampādayitum | karmaṇā nīyamānasya svātantryābhāvāt | 'puṇyo vai puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena'tyuktam | etasya hyanarthasyopaśamopāyavidhānāyā sarvaśākhopaniṣadaḥ pravṛttāḥ | na hi tadvihitopāyānusevanaṃ muktvā'tyantiko 'syānarthasyopaśamopāyo 'sti | tasmādatraivopaniṣadvihitopāye yatnaparairbhavitavyamityeṣa prakaraṇārthaḥ | śakaṭavastaṃbhṛsaṃbhāraṃ utsarjanyātītyuktaṃ, kiṃ punastasya paralokāya pravṛttasya pathdanaṃ śākaṭikasaṃbhārasthānīyaṃ gatvā vā paralokaṃ yadbhuṅkte śarīrādyārambhakaṃ ca yattatkimiti | ucyate-taṃ paralokāya gacchantamātmānaṃ vidyākarmaṇī vidyā ca karma ca vidyākarmaṇī vidyā sravaprakārā vihitā pratiṣiddhā cāvihitāpratiṣiddhā ca | tathā karma vihitaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ cāvihitapratiṣiddhaṃ ca samanvārabhete samyaganvārabhete anvālabhete anugacchataḥ pūrvaprajñā ca pūrvānubhūtaviṣayā prajñāpūrvaprajñātītakarmaphalānubhavavāsanetyarthaḥ | sā ca vāsanāpūrvakarmarambhe karmavipāke cāṅgaṃ bhavati | tenāsāvapyanvāpabhate | na hi tayā vāsanayā vinā karma kartuṃ phalaṃ copabhoktuṃ śakyate | na hyanabhyaste viṣaye kauśalamindrayāṇāṃ bhavati | pūrvānubhavavāsanāpravṛttānāṃ tvindriyāṇāmihābhyāsamanantareṇa kauśalamupapadyate |
dṛśyate ca keṣāñcitkāsucitkriyāsu citrakarmādilakṣaṇāsu vinaivehābhyāsena janmata eva kauśalaṃ kāsucidatyantasaukaryayuktāsvapyakauśalaṃ koṣāñcit |
tathā pūrvaprajñayā vinā karmaṇi vā phalopabhoge vā na kasyacitpravṛttirupapadyate |
tasmādetattrayaṃ śākaṭikasambhārasthānīyaṃ paralokapathyadana vidyākarmapūrvaprajñākhyam |
yasmādvidyākramaṇī pūrvapjñā ca dehāntarapratipatyupabhogasādhanaṃ tasmadvidyākarmādi śubhameva samātaredyatheṣṭadehasambhogopabhogau syātāmiti prakaraṇārthaḥ ||4,4.2||

tad yathā peśaskārī peśaso mātrām apādāyānyan navataraṃ kalyāṇataraṃ rūpaṃ tanute | evam evāyam ātmedaṃ śarīraṃ nihatyāvidyāṃ gamayitvānyan navataraṃ kalyāṇataraṃ rūpaṃ kurute | pitryaṃ vā gāndharvaṃ vā daivaṃ vā prājāpatyaṃ vā brāhmaṃ vānyeṣāṃ vā bhūtānām ||

3. 'And as a caterpillar, after having reached the end of a blade of grass, and after having made another approach (to another blade), draws itself together towards it, thus does this Self, after having thrown off this body and dispelled all ignorance, and after making another approach (to another body), draw himself together towards it.

evaṃ vidyādisambārasamphṛto dehāntaraṃ pratipadyamāno muktvā pūrvaṃ dehaṃ pakṣīva vṛkṣāntaraṃ dehāntaraṃ pratipadyate | athavā'tivāhikena śarīrāntareṇa karmaphalajanmadeśaṃ nīyate | kiñcātrasthasyaiva sarvagatānāṃ karaṇānāṃ vṛttilābho bhavatyāhosviccharīraḥsya saṃkucitāni karaṇāni mṛtasya bhinnaghaṭapradīpaprakāśavatsarvato vyapya punardehāntarārambhe saṅkocamupagacchanti | kiñca manomātraṃ vaiśeṣikasamaya iva dehāntarārambhadeśaṃ prati gacchati kiṃvā kalpanānāntarameva vedāntasamaya iti | ucyate-"ta ete sarva eva samāḥ sarve 'nantāḥ"iti śruteḥ sarvātmakāni tāvatkaraṇāni | sarvātmakaprāṇasaṃśrayācca | teṣāmādhyāmikādhibhautikaparicchedaḥ prāṇikarmajñānabhāvanānimittaḥ | atastadvaśātsvabhāvataḥ sargatānāmanantānāmapi prāṇānāṃ karjñānavāsanānurūpeṇaiva dehānnarārambhavaśātprāṇānāṃ vṛttiḥ saṃkucati vikasati ca | tathā coktam-"samaḥ pluṣiṇā samo maśakena samo nāgena sama ebhistribhirlokaiḥ samo 'nena sarveṇa"iti | tathā cedaṃ vacanamanukūlam-",sa yo haitānanantānupāste"ityādi | "taṃ yathā yathopāsate"iti ca | tatra vāsanā pūrvaprajñākhyā vidyākarmatantrā jalūkavatsaṃtataiva svapnakāla iva karmakṛtaṃ dehāddehāntaramārabhate hṛdayasyaiva punardehāntarārambhe dehāntaraṃ pūrvāśrayaṃ vimuñcatītyetasminnarthe dṛṣṭānta upādīyate-tattatra dehāntarasañcāra idaṃ nidarśanam | yathā yena prakāreṇa tṛṇajalāyukā tṛṇajalūkā tṛṇasyāntamavasānaṃ gatvā prāpyānyaṃ tṛṇāntaramākramamākramyata ityākramastamākramamākramyā'ścityā'tmānamātmanaḥ pūrvavayavamupasaṃharatyantyāvayavasthāne | evamevāyamātmā yaḥ prakṛtaḥ saṃsārīdaṃ śarīraṃ pūrvopāttaṃ nihatya svapnaṃ pratipitsuriva pātayitvāvidyāṃ gamayitvācetanaṃ kṛtvā svātmosaṃhāreṇānyamākramaṃ tṛṇāntaramiva tṛṇajalūkā śarīrāntaraṃ gṛhītvā prasārityā vāsanayā'mānamupasaṃharati | tatrā'tmabhāvamārabhate yathā svapne dehāntaramārabhate svapnadehāntarasya śarīrāmbhadeśa ārabhyamāṇe dehe jaṅgame sthāvare vā |
tatra ca karmavaśātkaraṇāni labdhavṛttīni saṃhanyante |
bāhyaṃ ca kuśamṛttikāsthānīyaṃ śarīramārabhyate |
tatra ca karaṇavyūhamapekṣya vāgādyanugrahāyāgnyādidevatāḥ saṃścayante |
eṣa dehāntarārambhavidhiḥ ||4,4.3||

tad yathā tṛṇajalāyukā tṛṇasyāntaṃ gatvānyam ākramam ākramyātmānam upasaṃharati | evam evāyam ātmedaṃ śarīraṃ nihatyāvidyāṃ gamayitvānyam ākramam ākramyātmānam upasaṃharati ||

4. And as a goldsmith, taking a piece of gold, turns it into another, newer and more beautiful shape, so does this Self, after having thrown off this body and dispelled all ignorance, make unto himself another, newer and more beautiful shape, whether it be like the Fathers, or like the Gandharvas, or like the Devas, or like Pragâpati, or like Brahman, or like other beings.

tatra dehāntarārambhe nitthopāttamevopādānamupamṛdyopamṛdya dehāntaramārabhata āhostidapūrvameva punaḥ punarādatta iti |
atrocyate dṛṣṭāntaḥ-tattatretasminnarthe--yathā peśaskārī peśaḥ suvarṇa tat karotīti peśaskārī suvarṇakāraḥ, peśasaḥ suvarṇasya mātrāmapādāyāpicchidya gṛhītvā anyat pūrvasmād racanāviśeṣānnavataramabhinavataraṃ kalyāṇāt kalyāṇataraṃ rūpaṃ tanute nirminoti |
evamevāyamātmetyādi pūrvavat |
nityopāttānyeva pṛthivyādīnyākāśāntāni pañca bhūtāni yāni 'dve vāva brahmaṇo rūpe' iti caturthe vyākhyātāni peśaḥsthānāyāni,tānyevopamṛdyopamṛdya, anyadanyacca dehāntaraṃ navataraṃ kalyāṇataraṃ rūpaṃ saṃsthānaveśeṣaṃ vā pitṛbhyo hitaṃ pitṛlokopabhogayogyamityarthaḥ, gāndharvaṃ gandharvāṇāmupabhogayogyam, tathā devānāṃ daivam, prajāpateḥ prajāpatyam, brahmaṇa idaṃ brāhmaṃ vā; yathākarma yathāśrutamanyeṣāṃvā bhūtānāṃ sambandhi śarīrāntaraṃ kuruta ityabhisambanyate ||4,4.4||

sa vā ayam ātmā brahma vijñānamayo manomayo prāṇamayaś cakṣurmayaḥ śrotramayaḥ pṛthivīmaya āpomayo vāyumaya ākāśamayas tejomayo 'tejomayaḥ kāmamayo 'kāmamayaḥ krodhamayo 'krodhamayo dharmamayo 'dharmamayaḥ sarvamayaḥ | tad yad etad idaṃmayo 'domaya iti | yathākārī yathācārī tathā bhavati | sādhukārī sādhur bhavati | pāpakārī pāpo bhavati | puṇyaḥ puṇyena karmaṇā pāpaḥ pāpena | atho khalv āhuḥ | kāmamaya evāyaṃ puruṣa iti | sa yathākāmo bhavati tatkratur bhavati | yatkratur bhavati tat karma kurute | yat karma kurute tad abhisaṃpadyate ||

5. 'That Self is indeed Brahman, consisting of knowledge, mind, life, sight, hearing, earth, water, wind, ether, light and no light, desire and no desire, anger and no anger, right or wrong, and all things. Now as a man is like this or like that, according as he acts and according as he behaves, so will he be:--a man of good acts will become good, a man of bad acts, bad. He becomes pure by pure deeds, bad by bad deeds. 'And here they say that a person consists of desires. And as is his desire, so is his will; and as is his will, so is his deed; and whatever deed he does, that he will reap.

yo 'sya bandhanasaṃjñakā upādhibhūtāḥ, yaiḥ saṃyuttkastanmaye 'yamiti vibhāvyate, te padārthāḥ puñjīkṛtyehaikatra pratinirdiśyante-sa vā ayaṃ ya evaṃ saṃsaratyātmā brahmaiva para eva yo 'śanāyādyatīto, vijñānamayo vijñānaṃ budvistenopalaṅyamāṇastanmayaḥ | katama ātmeti yo 'yaṃ vijñānamayaḥ prāṇeṣviti hayuktam | vijñānamayo vījñānaprāyo yasmāttadvarmatvamasya vibhāvyate dhyāyatīva lelāyatīveti | tathā manomayo manaḥ saṃnikarṣānmanomayaḥ | tathā prāṇamayaḥ prāṇaḥ pañcavṛttistanmayo yena cetanaścalatīva lakṣyate | tathā cakṣurmayo rūpadarśanakāle | evaṃ śrotramayaḥ śabdaśravaṇakāle | evaṃ tasya tasyendriyasya vyāpārodbhave tattanmayo bhavati | evaṃ budviprāṇadvāreṇa cakṣurādikaraṇamayaḥ sañśarīrārambhakapṛthivyādibhūtamayo bhavati | tatra pārthivaśarīrārambhe pṛthivīmayo bhavati | tathā varuṇādilokeṣvāpyaśarīrārambha āpomayo bhavati | tathā vāyavyaśarīrārambhe vāyumayo bhavati | tathā'kāśaśarīrārambha ākāśamayo bhavati | evametāni taijasāni devaśarīrāṇi | teṣvārabhyamāṇeṣu tanmayastejomayo bhavati | ato vyatiriktāni paśvādiśarīrāṇi narakapretādiśarīrāṇi cātejomayāni tānyapekṣyā'hātejomaya iti | evaṃ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātamayaḥ sannātmā prāptavyaṃ vastvantaraṃ paśyannidaṃ mayā prāptamado mayā prāptavyamityevaṃ viparītapratyayastadabhilāṣaḥ kāmamayo bhavati | tasminkāme doṣaṃ paśyatastadviṣayābhilāṣapraśāme citaṃ prasannamakaluṣaṃ śāntaṃ bhavati | tanmayo 'kāmamayaḥ | evaṃ tasminvihate kāmekenācitsa kāmaḥ krodhatvena pariṇamate tena tanmayo bhavankrodhamayaḥ | sa krodhaḥ kenacidupāyena nivartito yadā bhavati tadā prasannamanākulaṃ citaṃ sadakrodha ucyate tena tanmayaḥ | evaṃ kāmakrodhābhyāmakāmākrodhābhyāṃ ca tanmayo bhūtvā dharmamayo 'dharmamayaśca bhavati | na hi kāmakrodhādibhirvinā dharmādipravṛttirūpapadyate | "yadyadvi kurute karma tattatkāmasya ceṣṭitam" | iti smaraṇāt | dharmamayo 'dharmayaśca bhūtvā sarvamayo bhavati | samastaṃ dharmādharmayoḥ kāryaṃ yāvartkicidvyākṛtaṃ tatsarvaṃ dharmādharmayoḥ phalaṃ tatpratipadyāmānastanmayo bhavati | kiṃ bahunā tadetatsidvamasya yadayamidaṃmayo gṛhyamāṇaviṣayādidaṃmayastasmādayamadomayaḥ | ada iti parokṣaṃ kāryeṇa gṛhyamāṇena nirdiśyate | anantā hyantaḥkaraṇe bhāvanāviśeṣāḥ | naiva te viśeṣato nirdeṣṭuṃ śakyante | tasmistasminkṣaṇe kāryato 'vagamyanta idamasya hradi vartate 'dosyate tena gṛhyamāṇakāryeṇedaṃmayatayā nirdiśyate parokṣo 'ntaḥstho vyavahāro 'yamidānīmadomaya iti | saṃkṣepatastu yathā kartuṃ yathā vā carituṃ śīlamasya so 'yaṃ yathākārī yathā cārī sa tathā bhavati | karaṇaṃ nāma niyatā kriyā vidhipratiṣedhādigamyā caraṇaṃ nāmāniyatamiti viśeṣaḥ | sādhukārī sādhurbhavatīti yathākārītyasya viśeṣaṇaṃ pāpakārī pāpo bhavatīti ca yathācārītyasya | tācchīlyapratyayopādānādatyantatātparyataiva tanmayatvaṃ na tu tatkarmamātreṇotyāśaṅkayā'ha-puṇyaḥ puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpeneti | puṇyapāpakarmamātreṇaiva tanmayatā syānna tu tācchīlyamapekṣate | tācchīlye tu tanmayatvātiśaya ityayaṃ viśeṣaḥ | tatra kāmakrodhādipūrvakapuṇyakāritā sarvamayatve hetuḥ saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ dehāddehāntarasaṃcārasya ca | etatprayukto hyanyadanyaddehāntaramupādatte | tasmātpuṇyāpuṇye saṃsārasya kāraṇam | etadviṣayau hi vidhipratiṣedhau | atra śāstrasya sāphalyamiti | atho apyanye bandhamokṣakuśalāḥ khalvāhuḥ-satyaṃ kāmādipūrvake puṇyāpuṇye śarīragrahaṇakāraṇaṃ tathāpi kāmaprayukto hi puruṣaḥ puṇyapuṇye karmaṇī upacinoti kāmaprahāṇe tu karma vidyāmānamapi puṇyapuṇyepacayakaraṃ na bhavati | upacite api puṇyapuṇye karmaṇī kāmaśūnye phalārambhake na bhavataḥ | tasmātkāma eva saṃsārasya mūlam | tathā cektamātharvaṇe-kāmānyaḥ kāmayate manyamānaḥ sa kāmabhirjāyate tatra tatra iti | tasmātkāmamaya evāyaṃ puruṣo yadanyamayatvaṃ tadakāraṇaṃ vidyānamapītyapto 'vadhārayati kāmamaya eveti | yasmātsa ca kāmamayaḥ sanyādṛśena kāmena yathākāmo bhavati tatkraturbavati sa kāma īṣadabhilāṣamātreṇābhivyakto yasminviṣaye bhavati so 'vihanyamānaḥ sphuṭībhavankratutvāmāpadyate |
kraturnādhyavasāyo niścayo yadanantarā kriyā pravartate |
yatkraturbhavati yādṛkkāmakāryeṇa kratunā yathārūpaḥ kraturasya so 'yaṃ yatkraturbhavati tatkarma kuruteyadviṣayaḥ kratustatphalanirvṛttaye yadyogyaṃ karma tatkurute nirvartayati |
yatkarma kurute tadabhisaṃpadyate, tadīyaṃ phalamabhisaṃpadyate |
tasmātsarvamayatve 'sya saṃsāritve ca kāma heturiti ||4,4.5||

tad eṣa śloko bhavati -- tad eva saktaḥ saha karmaṇaiti liṅgaṃ mano yatra niṣaktam asya | prāpyāntaṃ karmaṇas tasya yat kiñceha karoty ayam | tasmāl lokāt punar aity asmai lokāya karmaṇe | iti nu kāmayamānaḥ | athākāmayamāno yo 'kāmo niṣkāma āptakāma ātmakāmo na tasya prāṇā utkrāmanti | brahmaiva san brahmāpyeti ||

6. 'And here there is this verse: "To whatever object a man's own mind is attached, to that he goes strenuously together with his deed; and having obtained the end (the last results) of whatever deed he does here on earth, he returns again from that world (which is the temporary reward of his deed) to this world of action." 'So much for the man who desires. But as to the man who does not desire, who, not desiring, freed from desires, is satisfied in his desires, or desires the Self only, his vital spirits do not depart elsewhere,--being Brahman, he goes to Brahman.

tattasminnartha eṣa śloko mantropi bhavati | tadevaiti tadeva gacchati sakta āsaktastatrodbhūtābhilāṣaḥ sannityarthaḥ | kathameti | saha karmaṇā yatkarmaphalāsaktaḥ sannakarottena karmaṇā sahaiva tadeti tatphalameti | kiṃ talliṅgamanaḥ | manaḥ pradhānatvālliṅgasya mano liṅgamityucyate | athavā liṅgayate 'vagamyate 'vagacchati yena talliṅgaṃ tanmano yatra yasminniṣaktaṃ niścayena saktamudbhūtābhilāṣamasya saṃsāriṇaḥ | tadabhilāṣo hi tatkarma kṛtavān | tasmāttanmano 'bhiṣaṅgavaśādevāsya tena karmaṇā tatphalaprāptiḥ | tenaitasidvaṃ bhavati kāmo mūlaṃ saṃsārasyeti | ata ucchinnakāmasya vidyamānānyapi karmāṇi brahmavido vandhyaprasavāni bhavanti | "paryāptakāmasaya kṛtātmanaśca ihaiva sarve pravilītanti kāmāḥ"iti śruteḥ | kiñca prāpyāntaṃ karmaṇaḥ prāpya bhuktvāntamavasānaṃ tasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ bhuktvāntaṃ prāpya tasmāllokātpunaraityāgacchatyasmai lokāya karmaṇe 'yaṃ hi lokaḥ karmapradhānastenā'ha karmaṇa iti | punaḥ karmakaraṇāya punaḥ karma kṛtvā phalāsaṅgavaśātpunaramuṃ lokaṃ yātītyevam | iti nvevaṃ nu kāmayamānaḥ saṃsarati | ya mātkāmayamāna evaivaṃ saṃsaratyatha tasmādakāmayamāno na kvacitsaṃsarati | phalāsaktasya hi gatiruktā | akāmasya hi kriyānupapatterakāmayamāno mucyata eva | kathaṃ punakāmayamāno bhavati | yo 'kāmo bhavatyasāvakāmayamānaḥ kathamakāmatetyucyate--yo niṣṭakāmo yasmānnirgatāḥ kāmāḥ so 'yaṃ niṣkāmaḥ | kathaṃ kāmā nirgacchanti | ya āptakāmo bhavatyāptāḥ kāmā yena sa āptakāmaḥ | kathamāpyante kāmā ātmakāmatvena yasyā'maiva nānyaḥ kāmayitavyo vastvantarabhūtaḥ padārtho bhavati | ātmaivānantaro 'bāhyaḥ kṛtsnaḥ prajñānaghana ekaraso nordhva na tiryaṅnādha ātmano 'nyatkāmayitavyaṃ vastvantaram | yasya sarvamātmaivābhūttatkena kaṃ paśyecchṛṇuyānmanvīta vijānīyādvaivaṃ vijānankaṃ kāmayeta | jñāyamāno hyanyatvena padārthaḥ kāmayitavyo bhavati | na cāsāvanyo brahmavida āptakāmasyāsti | ya evā'tmakāmatayā'ptakāmaḥ sa niṣkāmo 'kāmo 'kāmayamānaśceti mucyate | na hi yasyā'tmaiva sarvaṃ bhavati tasyānātmā kāmayitavyo 'sti | anātmā cānyaḥ kāmayitavyaḥ sarvaṃ cā'tmaivābhūditi vipratiṣidvam | sarvātmadarśinaḥ kāmayitavyābhāvātkarmānupapattiḥ | ye tu pratyavāyaparihārārthaṃ karma kalpayanti brahmavido 'pi teṣāṃ sarva bhavati | pratyavāyasya jihāsitavyasyā'tmano 'nyasyābhipretatvāt | yena cāśanāyādyatīto nityaṃ pratyavāyasaṃbadvo vidita ātmā taṃ vayaṃ brahmavidaṃ brūmaḥ | nityamevāśanāyādyatītamātmanaṃ paśyati | yasmācca jihāsitavyamanyamupādeyaṃ vā yo na paśyati tasya karma na śakyata eva saṃbaddhu m | yastvabrahmavitasya bhavatyeva pratyavāyaparihārārthaṃ karmeti na virodhaḥ | ataḥ kāmābhāvādakāmayamāno na jāyate mucyata eva | tasyaivamakāmayamānasya karmābhāve gamanakāraṇābhāvātprāṇā vāgādayo notkrāmanti nordhva krāmanti dehāt | sa ca vidvānāptakāma ātmakāmatayehaiva brahmabhūtaḥ | sarvātmano hi brahmaṇo dṛṣṭāntatvena pradarśitametadrūpaṃ tadvā asyaitadāptakāmamātmakāmamakāmaṃ rūpamiti | tasya hi dārṣṭāntikabhūto 'yamartha upasaṃhriyate 'thākāmayamāna ityādinā | sa kathamevaṃbhūto mucyata ityucyate-yo hi suṣuptāvasthamiva nirviśeṣamadvaitamaluptacidrūpajyotiḥ svabhāvamātmānaṃ paśyati tasyaivākāmayamānasya karmabhāve gamanakāraṇabhāvatprāṇā vāgādayo notkrāmanti | kintu vidvānsaihaiva brahma, yadyapi dehāvāniva lakṣyate sa brahmaiva sanbrahmāpyeti | yasmānna hi tasyābrahmatvaparicchedahetavaḥ kāmāḥ santi tasmādihaiva brahmaiva sanbrahmāpyeti na śarīrapātettarakālam | na hi viduṣo mṛtasya bhāvāntarāpattirjīvato 'nyabhāvo dehāntarapratisaṃdhānābhāvamātreṇova tu brahmāpyetītyucyate | bhāvāntarārāpattau hi mokṣasya sarvopaniṣanidvivakṣitor'tha ātmaikatvākhyaḥ sa bādhito bhavet | karmahetukaśca mokṣaḥ prāpnoti na jñānanimitta iti | sa cāniṣṭo 'nityatvaṃ ca mokṣasya prāpnoti | na hi kriyānirvṛttor'tho nityo dṛṣṭaḥ | nityaśca mokṣo 'bhyupagamyate | "eṣa nityo mahimā"iti mantravarṇāt | na ca svābhāvikātsvabhāvādanyannityaṃ kalpayituṃ śakyam | svābhāvikaścedagnyudātmanaḥ svabhāvaḥ sa na śakyate puruṣavyāpārānubhāvīti vaktum | na hyagnerauṣṇyaṃ prakāśo vāgnuvyāpārānantarānubhāvī | agnivyāpārānubhāvī svābhāvikaśceti vipratiṣiddham | jvalanavyāpānānubhāvitvamuṣṇaprākāśaguṇābhyāmabhivyajyate tannāgnyepekṣayā kiṃ tarhyanyadṛṣṭeragnerauṣṇyaprakāśau dharmau vyavahitai kasyaciddṛṣṭyā tvasaṃbadhyamānau jvalanāpekṣayā vyadhānāpagame dṛṣṭerabhivyajyete tadapekṣayā bhrāntirupajāyate jvalanapūrvakāvetāviṣṇaprākāśau dharmau jātāviti | yadyuṣṇaprakāśayorapi svābhāvikatvaṃ na syāt | yaḥ svābhāvaki'gnerdharmastamudāhariṣyāmaḥ | na ca svābhāviko dharma eva nāsti padārthānāmiti śakyaṃ vaktum | na ca nigaḍabhaṅga ivābhāvabhūto mokṣo bandhananivṛttirupapadyate | paramātmaikatvābhyupagamāt 'ekamevādvitīyam'iti śruteḥ | na cānyo baddho 'sti yasya nigaḍanivṛttivadbandhananivṛttarmokṣaḥ syāt | paramātmavyatirekeṇānyasyābhāvaṃ vistareṇāvādiṣma | tasmādavidyānivṛttimātre mokṣavyavahāra iti cāvocāma yathā rajjvādau sarpādyajñānanivṛttau sarpādinivṛttiḥ | ye 'pyācakṣate mokṣe vijñānāntaramānandāntaraṃ cābhivyajyata iti sairvaktavyo 'bhivyaktiśabdārthaḥ | yadi tāvatlaukikikyevopalabdhiviṣayavyāptirabhivyaktiśabdārthaḥ | tato vaktavyaṃ kiṃ vidyamānamabhivyajyate 'vidyamānamiti vā | vidyamānaṃ cedyasya muktasya tadabhivyajyate tasyā'tmabhūtameva tadityupalabdhivyavadhānānupapatternityābhivyaktatvānmuktasyābhivyajyata iti viśeṣavacanamarthakam | atha kadācidevābhivyajyata upalabdhivyavadhānādanātmabhūtaṃ tadityanyato 'bhivyaktiprasaṅgaḥ | tathā cābhivyaktisādhanāpekṣayā | upalabdhisamānāśrayatve tu vyavadhānakalpanānupapatteḥ sarvadābhivyaktiprasaṅgaḥ | tathā cābhivyaktisādhanāpekṣatā | upalabdhisamānāśrayatve tu vyavadhānakalpanānupapatteḥ sarvadābhivyaktiranabhivyaktirvā | natvantarālakalpanāyā pramāṇamasti | na ca samānāśrayaṇāmekasyā'tmabhūtānāṃ dharmāṇāmitaretaraviṣayaviṣayitvaṃ saṃbhavati | vijñānasukhayoṣca prāgabhivyakteḥ saṃsāritvamabhivyaktyuttarakālaṃ ca muktatvaṃsya so 'nyaḥ parasmānnityābhivyaktajñānasvarūpādatyantavailakṣaṇyācchaityamivauṣṇyāt | paramātmabhedakalpanāyāñca vaidikaḥ kṛtāntaḥ parityaktaḥ syāt | mokṣasyedānīmiva nirviśeṣatve tadarthādhikayatnānupapattiḥ śāstravaiyarthyaṃ ca prāpnotīti cenna | na, avidyābhramāpohāpthatvāt | na hi vastuto muktāmuktatvāviśeṣo 'sti | ātmano nityākarūpatvāt | kintu tadviṣayāvidyāpohyate śāstropadeśajanitavijñānena | prāktadupadeśaprāptestadarthaśca prayatna upapadyata eva | avidyāvato 'vidyānivṛtyanivṛttikṛto veśeṣa ātmanaḥ syāditi cet | avidyākalpanāviṣayatvābhyupagamādrajjūṣaraśuktakāgaganānāṃ sarvodakarajatamalinatvādivadadoṣa ityavocāma | timirātimitaradṛṣṭivadavidyākartṛtvākatṛtvākṛta ātmano viśeṣaḥ syāditi cet | na | dhyātīva lelāyatīveti svato 'vidyākartṛtvasva pratiṣiddhatvā | anekavyāpārasannipātajanitatvāccāvidyābhramasya | viṣatvopapatteṣca | yasya cāvidyābhramo ghaṭādivadvivikto gṛhyate sa nāvidyābhramavān | ahaṃ na jāne mugdhe 'smīti pratyatadarśanādavidyābhramavatvameveti cenna | tasyāpi vivekagrahaṇāt | na hi yo yasya vivekena grahītā sa tasminbhrānta ityucyate | tasya ca vivekagrahaṇaṃ tasminneva ca bhrama iti vipratiṣiddham | na jāne mugdho 'smīti dṛśyata iti bravīṣi taddarśinaścājñānaṃ mugdharūpatā dṛśyata iti ca taddarśanasya viṣayo bhavati karmatāmāpadyata iti tatkathaṃ karmabhūtaṃ satkartṛsvarūpadṛśiviśeṣaṇajñānamugdhate syātām | atha dṛśiviśeṣaṇatvaṃ tayoḥ kathaṃ karma syātāṃ dṛśinā vyāpyete | karma hi kartṛkriyayā vyāpyamānaṃ bhavati | anyacca vyāpyamanyadvyāpakaṃ na tenaiva tadvyāpyate | vada kathamevaṃ satyajñānamugdhate dṛśiviśeṣaṇe syātām | na cājñānāvivekadarśyajñānamātmanaḥ karmabhūtamupalabhamāna upalabdhṛdharmatvena gṛhmāti śarīre kārśyarūpadādavattathā | sukhaduḥkhecchāprayatnādīnsarvo loko gṛhṇātīti cet | tathāpi grahīturlokasya vivaktataivābhyupagatā syāt | na jāne 'haṃ tvaduktaṃ mugdha eveti cet | bhavatvajño mugdho yastvevandarśū taṃ jñamamugdhaṃ pratijānīmahe vayam | tathā vyosenoktam | icchādi kṛtsnaṃ kṣetraṃ kṣetrī prakāśayatīti | "samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantaṃ parameśvaram | vinaśyatsvavinaśyantam"ityādi śataśa uktam | tasmānnā'tmanaḥ svato baddhamuktajñānakṛto viśeṣo 'sti |
sarvadā samaikarasasvābhāvyābhyupagamāt |
ye tvato 'nyathā'tmavastu parikalpya bandhamokṣādiśāstriṃ cārthavādamāpādayanti ta utsahante khe 'pi śākunaṃ padaṃ draṣṭuṃ khaṃ vā muṣṭinā'kraṣṭuṃ carmavadveṣṭitum |
vayaṃ tu tatkartumaśaktāḥ sarvādā samaikaramasadvaitamavikriyamajamajaramamaramamṛtamabhayamātmatattvaṃ brahmaiva sma ityeṣa sarvavedāntaniścitor'tha ityevaṃ pratipadyāmahe |
tasmādbrahmāpyetītyupacāramātrametadvipīratagrahavaddehasaṃtatervi cchedamātraṃ vijñānaphalamapekṣya ||4,4.6||

tad eṣa śloko bhavati -- yadā sarve pramucyante kāmā ye 'sya hṛdi śritāḥ | atha martyo 'mṛto bhavaty atra brahma samaśnuta iti | tad yathāhinirlvayanī valmīke mṛtā pratyastā śayīta | evam evedaṃ śarīraṃ śete | athāyam aśarīro 'mṛtaḥ prāṇo brahmaiva teja eva | so 'haṃ bhagavate sahasraṃ dadāmīti hovāca janako vaidehaḥ ||

7. 'On this there is this verse: "When all desires which once entered his heart are undone, then does the mortal become immortal, then he obtains Brahman. 'And as the slough of a snake lies on an ant-hill, dead and cast away, thus lies this body; but that disembodied immortal spirit (prâna, life) is Brahman only, is only light.' Ganaka Vaideha said: 'Sir, I give you a thousand.'

svapnabuddhāntagamanadṛṣṭāntasya dārṣṭāntikaḥ saṃsāro varṇitaḥ | saṃsārahetuśca vidyākarmapūrvaprajñā varṇitā | yaiścopādhibhūtaiḥ kāryakaraṇalakṣaṇabhūtaiḥ pariveṣṭitaḥ saṃsāritvamanubhavati tāni coktāni | teṣāṃ sākṣātprayojakau dharmādharvāviti pūrvapakṣaṃ kṛtvā kāma evetyavadhāritam | yathā ca brahmaṇenāyamartho 'yavadhārita evaṃ mantreṇāpīti bandhaṃ bandhakāraṇaṃ coktvopasaṃhṛtaṃ prakaraṇaṃ"iti na kāmayamāna"iti | athākāyamāna ityārabhya suṣuptadṛṣṭanātasya dārṣṭāntikabhūtaḥ sarvātmabhāvo mokṣa uktaḥ | mokṣakāraṇaṃ cā'tmakāmatayā yadāptakāmatvamuktaṃ tacca sāmarthāyadanātmajñānamantareṇā'tmakāmayatayā'ptakāmatvamiti sāmarthyādbrahmavidyaiva mokṣakāraṇamityuktam | ato yadyapi kāmo mūlamityuktaṃ tathāpi mokṣakāraṇaviparyayeṇa bandhakāraṇamavidyetyedapyuktameva bhavati | atrāpi mokṣo mokṣasādhanaṃ ca brāhmaṇenoktam | tasyaiva dṛḍhīkaraṇāya mantra udāhriyate ślokaśabdavācyaḥ- tattasminnevārtha eṣa śloko mantro bhavati | yadā yasminkāle sarve samastāḥ kāmāstṛṣṇāprabhedāḥ pramucyante | ātmakāmya brahmavidaḥ samūlato viśīryante | ye prasiddhā loka ihāmutrārthāḥ putravittalokaiṣaṇālakṣaṇā asya prasiddhasya puruṣasya hṛdi buddhau śritā āśritāḥ | atha tadā martyo maraṇadharmā sankāmaviyogātsamūlato 'mṛto bhavati | atrāsminneva śarīre vartamāno brahma samaśnute brahmabhāvaṃ mokṣaṃ pratipadyata ityarthaḥ | ato mokṣo na deśāntaragamanādyapekṣate | tasmādviduṣo notkrāmanti prāṇā yāvasthitā eva svakāraṇe puruṣe samavanīyante | nāmamātraṃ hyavaśiṣyata ityuktam | kathaṃ punaḥ samanavīteṣu prāṇeṣu dehe ca svakāraṇe pralīne vidvānmukto 'traivasarvātmā sanvartamānaḥ punaḥ pūrvavaddehitvaṃ saṃsāritvalakṣaṇaṃ na pratipadyata iti | atrocyate-tattatrāyaṃ dṛṣṭānto yathā loke 'hiḥ sarpastasya nirlvayanī nirmekaḥ sāhinirlvayanī valmīke sarpāśraye valmīkādāvityarthaḥ | mṛtā pratyastā prakṣiptānātmabhāvena sarpeṇa parityaktā śayīta varte | evameva yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭānta idaṃ śarīraṃ sarpasthānīyena muktenānātmabhāvena parityaktaṃ mṛtamiva śete | athetaraḥ sarpasthānīyo muktaḥ sarmātamabhūtaḥ sarpavattatraiva vartamāno 'pyaśarīra eva na pūrvavtupanaḥ saśarīro bhavati | kāmakarmaprayuktaśarīrātmabhāvena hi pūrvaṃ śarīro martyaśca | tadviyogādathedānīmaśarīro 'ta eva cāmṛtaḥ | prāṇaḥ prāṇitīti prāṇaḥ | prāṇasya prāṇamiti hi vakṣyamāṇe śloke | "prāṇabandhanaṃ hi somya manaḥ"iti ca śrutyantare | prakaraṇavākyasamārthācca para evā'tmātra prāṇaśabdavācyaḥ | brahmaiva paramātmaiva | kiṃ punastatteja eva vijñānaṃ jyotiryenā'tmajyotiṣā jagadavabhāsyamānaṃ prajñānetraṃ vijñānajyotiṣmatsadavibraṃśadvartate | yaḥ kāmapraśno vimokṣārtho yājñavalkyena varo datto janakāya sahetuko bandhamokṣārthalakṣaṇo dṛṣṭāntikabhūtaḥ sa eṣa nirṇītaḥ savistaro janakayājñavalkyākhyāyikārūpadhāriṇyā śrutyā | saṃsāravimokṣopāya uktaḥ prāṇibhyaḥ | idānīṃ śrutiḥ svayamevā'ha vidyāniṣkriyārthaṃ janakenaivamuktamiti | kathaṃ? so 'hamovaṃ vimokṣitastvayā bhagavate tubhyaṃ vidyāniṣkriyārthaṃ sahasraṃ dadāmīti haiva kilovācoktavāñjanako vaidehaḥ | atra kasmdāvimokṣapadārthe nirṇīte videharājyamātmānameva ca na nivedayatyekadeśoktāviva sahasrameva dadāti tatra ko 'bhiprāya iti | atra kecidvarṇayanti-adhyātmavidyārasiko janakaḥ śrutamapyartaṃ punarmantraiḥ śuśrūṣati | ato na sarvameva nivedayati | śrutvābhipretaṃ yājñavalkyātpunarante nivedayiṣyāmīti hi manyate | yadi cātraiva sarva nivedayāmi nivṛttābhilāṣo 'yaṃ śravaṇāditi matvā ślokānnavakṣyatīti ca bhayātsahasradānaṃ śuśrūṣāliṅgajñāpanāyeti | sarvamapyetadasat | puruṣasyeva pramāṇabhūtāyāḥ śrutervyājānupapatteḥ | arthaśeṣopapatteśca | vimokṣapadārtha ukte 'pyātmajñānasādhana ātmajñānaśeṣabhūtaḥ sarveṣaṇāparityāgaḥ saṃnyāsākhyo vaktavyor'thaśeṣo vidyate | tasmācchlokamātraśuśrūṣākalpanānṛjvo | agatikā hi gatiḥ puvaruktārthakalpanā | sā cāyuktā satyāṃ gatau | na ca tatstutimātramityavocāma |
nanvevaṃ satyata ūrdhvaṃ vimokṣāyaiveti vaktavyam |
naiṣa dauṣaḥ ātmajñānavadaprayojakaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ pakṣe pratipattikarmavaditi hi manyate |
"saṃnyāsena tanuṃ tyajet"iti smṛteḥ |
sādhutvāpakṣe 'pi nāta ūrdhvaṃ vimokṣāyaiveti praśnamarhati mokṣasādhanabhūtātmajñānaparipākārthatvāt ||4,4.7||

tad ete ślokā bhavanti -- aṇuḥ panthā vitataḥ purāṇo māṃ spṛṣṭo 'nuvitto mayaiva | tena dhīrā apiyanti brahmavidaḥ svargaṃ lokam ita ūrdhvaṃ vimuktāḥ ||

8. 'On this there are these verses: 'The small, old path stretching far away has been found by me. On it sages who know Brahman move on to the Svarga-loka (heaven), and thence higher on, as entirely free.

ātmakāmasya brahmavido mokṣa ityetasminnarthe mantrabrahmaṇokte vistarapratipādakā ete ślokā bhavanāti | aṇuḥ sūkṣmaḥ panthā durvijñeyatvādvitato vistīrṇo vispaṣṭataraṇahetutvādvā vitara iti pāṭhāntarānmokṣasādhano jñānamārgaḥ purāṇaścirantano nityaśrutiprakāśitatvānna tārkikabuddhiprabhavakudṛṣṭimārgavadarvākkāliko mā spṛṣṭo mayā labdha ityarthaḥ | yo hi yena labhyate sa taṃ spṛśatīva saṃbadhyate tenāyaḥ brahmavidyālakṣaṇo mokṣamārgo mayā labdhatvānmā spṛṣṭa ityucyate | na kevalaṃ mayā labdhaḥ kintvanuvitto mayaiva | anuvedanaṃ nāma vidyāyāḥ paripākāpekṣayā phalāvasānatāniṣṭhā prāptiḥ | bhujeriva tṛptyavasānatā | pūrvaṃ tu jñānaprāptisaṃbandhamātrameveti viśeṣaḥ | kimasāvena mantradṛgeko brahmavidyāphalaṃ prāpto nānyaḥ prāptavānyenānuvitto mayāvetyavadhārayati | naiṣa doṣaḥ | asyāḥ phalamātmasākṣikamanuttamamiti brahmavidyāyāḥ stutiparatvāt | evaṃ hi kṛtārthātmābhimānakaramātmapratyayasākṣikamātmajñānaṃ kimataḥ paramanyatsyāditi brahmavidyā stauti | na tu puranyo brahmavittatphalaṃ na prāpnotīti |
"tadyo yo devānām"iti sarvārthaśruteḥ |
tadevā'ha-tena brahmavidyāmārgeṇa dhīrāḥ prajñāvanto 'nye 'pi brahmavida ityarthaḥ |
apiyantpigacchanti brahmavidyāphalaṃ mokṣaṃ svargaṃ lokam svargalokaśabdaviṣṭapavācyamapi sanniha prakaraṇānmokṣābhidhāyakaḥ |
ito 'smāccharīrapātādūrdhvaṃ jīvanta eva vimuktāḥ santaḥ ||4,4.8||

tasmiñ śuklam uta nīlam āhuḥ piṅgalaṃ haritaṃ lohitaṃ ca | eṣa panthā brahmaṇā hānuvittas tenaiti brahmavit puṇyakṛt taijasaś ca ||

9. 'On that path they say that there is white, or blue, or yellow, or green, or red 4; that path was found by Brahman, and on it goes whoever knows Brahman, and who has done good, and obtained splendour.

tasminmokṣasādhanamārge vipratipattirmumukṣūṇām | katham | tasmiñśuklaṃ śuddhaṃ vimalamāhuḥ kecinmumukṣavo nīlamanye piṅgalamanye haritaṃ lohitaṃ ca yathādarśanam | nāḍhyastvetāḥ suṣumnādyāḥ śleṣmādirasaṃsaṃpūrṇāḥ śuklasya nīlasya piṅgalasyetyādyuktatvāt | ādityaṃ vā mokṣamārgamevaṃvidhaṃ manyante | "eṣa śukla eṣa nīlaḥ"ityādiśrutyantārāt | darśanamārgasya śuklādivarṇāsaṃbhavāt | sarvathāpi tu prakṛtādbrahmavidyāmārgādanya ete śuklādayaḥ | nanu śuklaḥ śuddho 'dhvataiyamārgaḥ | naḥ nīlapūtādiśabdairvarṇavācakaiḥ sahānudravaṇāt | yāñśuklādīnyogino mokṣapathānāhurna te mokṣamārgāḥ saṃsāraviṣayā ve hi te | cakṣuṣo vā mūrdhno vānyebhyo vā śarīradeśebhya iti śarīdeśānniḥsaraṇasaṃbandhāt | brahmādilokaprāpakāhi te | tasmādayameva mokṣamārgo ya ātkāmatvenā'ptakāmatayā sarvakāmakṣe gamanānupapattau pradīpanirvāṇavaccakṣurādīnāṃ kāryakaraṇānāmatraiva samavanaya ityeṣa jñānamārgaḥ panthā brahmaṇā paramātmasvarūpeṇaiva brāhmaṇena tyaktasarvaiśaṇenanānuvittaḥ | tena brahmavidyāmārgeṇa brahmavidanyo 'pyeti | kīdṛśo brahmavittenaitītyucyate-pūrvaṃ puṇyakṛdbhūtvā punastyaktuputrādyeṣaṇaḥ parātmatejasyātmānaṃ saṃyojya tasminnabhinirvṛttastaijamasaścā'tmabhūta ihaivetyarthaḥ |
īdṛśo brahmavittena mārgeṇaiti |
na punaḥ puṇyādisamuccayakāriṇo grahaṇaṃ virodhādityavocāma |
"apuṇyapuṇyoparame yaṃ punarbhavanirbhāḥ |
śāntāḥ saṃnyāsino yānti tasmai mokṣātmane namaḥ ||
iti ca smṛteḥ |
tyaja dharmamadhramaṃ ca"ityādipuṇyāpuṇyatyāgopadeśāt |
"nirāśiṣamanārambhaṃ nirnamaskāramastutum |
akṣoṇaṃ kṣīṇakarmāṇaṃ taṃ devā brāhmaṇaṃ viduḥ" ||
"naitādṛśaṃ brāhmaṇasyāsti vittaṃ yathaikatā samatā satyatā ca |
śīlaṃ sthitirdaṇḍanidhānamārjavaṃ tatastataśtoparamaḥ kriyābhyaḥ" ||
ityādismṛtibhyaśca |
upadekṣyati cehāpi tu"eṣa nityo mahimā brahmaṇasya na vardhate karmaṇā no kanīyān"iti karmaprayojanābhāve hetumuktavā"tasmādevavicchānto dānta"ityādinā sarvakriyoparamam |
tasmādyathāvyākhyātameva puṇyakṛtvam |
athavā yo brahmavittenaiti sa puṇyakṛtaijasaśceti brahmavitsutireṣā |
puṇyakṛti taijase ca yogini mahābhāgyaṃ prasiddhaṃ loke tābhyāmato brahmavitsatūyate prakhyātamahābhāgyatvālloke ||4,4.9||

andhaṃ tamaḥ praviśanti ye 'vidyām upāsate | tato bhūya iva te tamo ya u vidyāyāṃ ratāḥ ||

10. 'All who worship what is not knowledge (avidyâ) enter into blind darkness: those who delight in knowledge, enter, as it were, into greater darkness.

andhamadarśanātmakaṃ tamaḥ saṃsāraniyāmakaṃ praviśanti pratipadyante | ke |
ye 'vidyāṃ vidyāto 'nyāṃ sādhyasādhanalakṣaṇamupāsate karmānuvartanta ityarthaḥ |
tatastasmādapi bhūya iva bahutaramiva tamaḥ praviśanti |
ke |
ya u vidyāyāmavidyāvastupratipādikāyāṃ karmārthāyāṃ trayyāmeva vidyāyāṃ ratā abhiratāḥ vidhipratiṣedhapara eva vedo nānyo 'stītyupaniṣadarthānapekṣiṇa ityarthaḥ ||4,4.10||

anandā nāma te lokā andhena tamasāvṛtāḥ | tāṃs te pretyābhigacchaty avidvāṃso 'budhā janāḥ ||

11. 'There are indeed those unblessed worlds, covered with blind darkness. Men who are ignorant and not enlightened go after death to those worlds.

yadi te 'darśanalakṣaṇaṃ tamaḥ pravisanti ko doṣa ityucyate-anandā anānandā asukhā nāma te lokāstenāndhenādarśanalakṣaṇena tamasā'vṛtā vyāptāste tasyājñānatamaso gocarāstāṃste pretya mṛtvābhigacchantyabhiyānti | ke | ye 'vidvāṃsaḥ | kiṃ sāmānyenāvidvattāmātreṇa netyucyate-abudhaḥ |
budheravagamanārthasya dhātoḥ kvippratyayāntasya rūpam |
ātmāvagamavarjitā ityarthaḥ |
janāḥ prakṛtā eva |
jananadharmiṇo vetyetat ||4,4.11||

ātmānaṃ ced vijānīyād ayam asmīti puruṣaḥ | kim icchan kasya kāmāya śarīram anu saṃjvaret ||

12. 'If a man understands the Self, saying, "I am He," what could he wish or desire that he should pine after the body.

ātmānaṃ svaṃ paraṃ rūpaṃ sarvaprāṇimanīṣitajñaṃ hṛtsthamaśanāyādidharmātītaṃ codyadi vijānīyātsahasreṣu kaścit | cedityātmavidyāyā durlabhatvaṃ darśayati | kathamayaṃ para ātmā sarvaprāṇipratyayasākṣī yo neti netītyādyukto yasmānnānyo 'sti draṣṭā śrotā mantā vijñātā samaḥ sarvabhūtastho nityaśuddhabuddhamuktasvabhāvo 'smi bhavāmīti pūruṣaḥ puruṣaḥ | sa kimicchaṃstatsavarūpavyatiriktamanyadastu phalabhūtaṃ kimicchankasya vānyasyā'tmano vyatiriktasya kāmāya prayojanāya | na hi tasyā'tmana eṣṭavyaṃ phalam | na cātmano 'nyosti yasya kāmāyecchati sarvasyātmabhūtatvāt | ataḥ kimicchankasya kāmāya śarīramanusaṃjvaredbhraṃśet |
śarīropādhikṛtaduḥkhamanuduḥkhī syāt |
śarīratāpamanutapyeta |
anātmadarśino hi tadvyatiriktavastavantarepsoḥ mamedaṃ syātputrasyedaṃ bhāryāyā idamityevamīhamānaḥ punaḥ punarjananamaraṇaprabandharūḍhaḥ |
śarīrarogamanu rujyate sarvātmadarśinastu tadasaṃbhava ityetadāha ||4,4.12||

yasyānuvittaḥ pratibuddha ātmāsmin saṃdehye gahane praviṣṭaḥ | sa viśvakṛt sa hi sarvasya kartā tasya lokaḥ sa u loka eva ||

13. 'Whoever has found and understood the Self that has entered into this patched-together hiding-place, he indeed is the creator, for he is the maker of everything, his is the world, and he is the world itself.

kiñca yasya brāhmaṇasyānuvitto 'nulabdhaḥ pratibuddhaḥsākṣātkṛtaḥ katham? ahamasmi paraṃ brahmetyevaṃ pratyagātmatvenāvagata ātmā asminsaṃdahye saṃdehe 'nekānarthasaṃkaṭopacaye gahane viṣame 'nekaśatasahasravivekavijñānapratipakṣe viṣame praviṣṭaḥ sa yasya brāhmaṇasyānuvittaḥ pratibodhenetyarthaḥ | sa viśvakṛdviśvasya kartā | kathaṃ viśvakṛttavaṃ tasya? kiṃ viśvakṛditi nāmetyāśaṅkyā'ha - sa hi yasmātsarvasya kartā na nāmamātraṃ na kevalaṃ viśvakṛtparaprayuktaḥ san | kiṃ tarhi tasya lokaḥ sarvaḥ | kimanyā loko 'nyo 'sāvityucyate - sa u loka eva | lokaśabdenā'tmocyate | tasya sarva ātmā sa ca sarvasyā |
ña'tmetyarthaḥ |
ya eṣa brāhmaṇena pratyagātmā pratibuddhatayānuvitta ātmānarthasaṃkaṭe gahane praviṣṭaḥ sa na saṃsārī kintu para eva |
yasmādviśvasya kartā sarvasyā'tmā tasya ca sarva ātmā |
eka evādvitīyaḥ para evāsmītyanusaṃdhātavya iti ślokārthaḥ ||4,4.13||

ihaiva santo 'tha vidmas tad vayaṃ na ced avedir mahatī vinaṣṭiḥ | ye tad vidur amṛtās te bhavanty athetare duḥkham evāpiyanti ||

14. 'While we are here, we may know this; if not, I am ignorant, and there is great destruction. Those who know it, become immortal, but others suffer pain indeed.

kiñcehaivālekārthasaṃkule santo bhavantojñānadīrghanidrāmohitāḥ santaḥ kathañcidiva brahmatattvamātmatvenātha vidmo vijānīmaḥ | tadetadbrahma prakṛtamaho vayaṃ kṛtārthā ityabhiprāyaḥ | yadetadbrahma vijānīmastanna cedviditavanto vayaṃ vedanaṃ vedo vedo 'syāstīti vedī vedyeva vedirna vediravediḥ | tato 'hamavediḥ syām | yadyavediḥ syāṃ ko doṣaḥ syānmahatyanantaparimāṇā janmamaraṇādilakṣaṇā vinaṣṭirvinaśanam |
aho vayamasmānmahato vinaśanānnirmuktā yadadvayaṃ brahma viditavanta ityarthaḥ |
yathā ca vayaṃ brahma viditvāsmādvinaśanādvipramuktā evaṃye tadviduramṛtāste bhavanti ye punarnaiva brahma vidusta itare brahmavidbhyo 'nye 'brahmavida ityarthaḥ |
duḥkhameva janmamaraṇādilakṣaṇamevāpiyanti pratipadyante na kadācidapyaviduṣāṃ tato vinivṛttirityarthaḥ |
duḥkhameva hi ta ātmatvenopagacchanti ||4,4.14||

yadaitam anupaśyaty atmānaṃ devam aṅjasā | īśānaṃ bhūtabhavyasya na tato vijugupsate ||

15. 'If a man clearly beholds this Self as God, and as the lord of all that is and will be, then he is no more afraid.

yadā punaretamātmānaṃ kathañcitparamakāruṇikaṃ kañcidācāryaṃ prāpya tato labdhaprayādaḥ sannanu paścātpaśyati sākṣātkaroti svamātmānaṃ devaṃ dyotanavantaṃ dātāraṃ vā sarvaprāṇikarmaphalānāṃ yathākarmānurūpamañjasā sākṣādīśānaṃ sāvāminaṃ bhūtabhavyasya kālatrayasyetyetat | na tatastasmādīśānāddevādātmānaṃ viśeṣeṇa jugupsate gopāyitumicchati | sarvo hi leka īśvarādguptamicchati bhederśī |
ayaṃ tvekatvadarśī na bibheti kutaścana |
ato na tadā vijugupsate |
yadeśānaṃ devamañjasā'tmatvena paśyati na tadā nindati vā kiñcit |
sarvamātmānaṃ hi paśyati sa evaṃpaśyankamasau nindyāt ||4,4.15||

yasmād arvāk saṃvatsaro 'hobhiḥ parivartate | tad devā jyotiṣāṃ jyotir āyur hopāsate 'mṛtam ||

16. 'He behind whom the year revolves with the days, him the gods worship as the light of lights, as immortal time.

kiñca yasmādīśānādarvāgyasmādanyaviṣaya evetyarthaḥ |
saṃvatsaraḥ kālātmā sarvasya janimataḥ paricchettā yamaparicchindannarvāgeva vartate 'hobhiḥ svāvayavairahorātrairityarthaḥ |
tajjyotiṣāṃ jyotirādityādijyotiṣāmapyavabhāsakatvādāyurityupāsane tasmādāyuṣmantaste |
tasmādāyuṣkāmenā'yurguṇenopāsyaṃ brahmetyarthaḥ ||4,4.16||

yasmin pañca pañcajanā ākāśaś ca pratiṣṭhitaḥ | tam eva manya ātmānaṃ vidvān brahmāmṛto 'mṛtam ||

17. 'He in whom the five beings and the ether rest, him alone I believe to be the Self,--I who know, believe him to be Brahman; I who am immortal, believe him to be immortal.

kiñca yasminyatra brahmaṇi pañca pañcajanā gandharvādayaḥ pañcaiva saṃkhyātā gandharvāḥ pitaro devā asurā rakṣāṃsi niṣādapañcamā vā varṇā ākāśaścāvyākṛtākhyo yasminsūtramimotaṃ ca protaṃ ca |
yasminpratiṣṭhita etasminnu khalvakṣare gārgyākāśa ityuktaṃ tamevā'tmānamamṛtaṃ brahma manye 'haṃ na cāhamātmānaṃ tato 'nyatvena jāne |
kiṃ tarhyamṛto 'haṃ brahma vidvānsannajñānamātreṇa tu martyo 'hamāsaṃ tadapagamādvidvānahamamṛta eva ||4,4.17||

prāṇasya prāṇam uta cakṣuṣaś cakṣur uta śrotrasya śrotram manaso ye mano viduḥ | te nicikyur brahma purāṇam agryam ||

18. 'They who know the life of life, the eye of the eye, the ear of the ear, the mind of the mind, they have comprehended the ancient, primeval Brahman.

kiñca tena hi caitanyātmajyotiṣāvabhāsyamānaḥ prāṇa ātmabhūtena prāṇīti tena prāṇasyāpi prāṇaḥ sa taṃ prāṇasya prāṇam |
tathā cakṣuṣo 'pi cakṣuruta śrautrasyāpi śrotram |
brahmamaśaktyodhiṣṭhitānāṃ hi cakṣurādīnāṃ darśanādisāmarthyaṃ svataḥ kāṣṭhaloṣṭasamāni hi tāni caitanyātmajyotiḥśūnyāni |
manaso 'pi mana iti ye viduścakṣuradāvyāpārānumitāstivaṃ pratyāgātmānaṃ na viṣayabhūtaṃ ye viduste nicikyurniścayena jñātavanto brahma purāṇaṃ cirantanamagryamagre bhavam |
"tadyadātmavido viduḥ"iti hyātharvaṇe ||4,4.18||

manasaivānudraṣṭavyaṃ neha nānāsti kiṃ cana | mṛtyoḥ sa mṛtyum āpnoti ya iha nāneva paśyati|

19. 'By the mind alone it is to be perceived, there is in it no diversity. He who perceives therein any diversity, goes from death to death.

tadbrahmadarśane sādhanamucyate manasaiva paramārthajñānasaṃsakṛtenā'cāryovadeśāpūrvakaṃ cānudraṣṭavyam | tatra ca darśanaviṣaye brahmaṇi neha nānāsti kiñcana kiñcidapu | asati nānātve nānātvamadhyāropayatyavidyayā |
sa mṛtyormaraṇān mṛtyuṃ maraṇamāpnoti |
ko 'sau |
ya iha nāneva paśyati |
avidyādhyāropaṇavyatirekeṇa nāsti paramārthato dvaitamityarthaḥ ||4,4.19||

ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam etad apramayaṃ dhruvam | virajaḥ para ākāśād aja ātmā mahān dhruvaḥ ||

20. 'This eternal being that can never be proved, is to be perceived in one way only; it is spotless, beyond the ether, the unborn Self, great and eternal.

yasmādevaṃ tasmādedhaivaikenaiva prakāreṇa vijñānaghanaikarasaprakāreṇā'kāśavannirantareṇānudraṣṭavyam | yasmādetadbrahmāprameyam | sarvaikatvāt | anyena hyanyatpramīyata idaṃ tvekamevāto 'prameyam dhruvaṃ nityaṃ kūṭasthamavicālītyarthaḥ | nanu viruddhamidamucyate 'prameyaṃ jñāyata iti ca | jñāyata iti pramāṇairmīyata | ityartho 'prameyamiti ca tatpratiṣedhaḥ | naiṣa doṣaḥ | anyadavastuvadanāgamapramāṇaprameyatvapratiṣedhārthatvāt | yathā'nyāni vastūnyāgamanirapekṣaiḥ pramāṇairviṣayīkriyante na tathaitadātmatatvaṃ pramāṇāntareṇa viṣayīkartuṃ śakyate | sarvasyā'matve kena kaṃ paśyedvijīnāyaditi pramātṛpramāṇādivyāpārapratiṣedhenaivā'gamo 'pi vijñāpayati na tvabhidhānābhidhelakṣaṇavākyadharmāṅgīkaraṇena | tasmānnā'gamanāpi svargamervādivattatpratipādyate | pratipādayitrātmabhūtaṃ hi tat | pratipādayituḥ pratipādanasya pratipādyaviṣayatvāt | bhede hi sati tadbhavati | jñānaṃ ca tasminparātbhāvanivṛttireva | na tasminsākṣādātmabhāvaḥ kartavye vidyamānvādātmabhavasya | nityo hyātmabhāvaḥ sarvasyātadviṣaya iva pratyavabhasate | tasmādatadviṣayāvabhāsanivṛttavyatirekeṇa na tasminnātmabhāvo vidhīyate | anyātbhāvanivṛttāvātmabhāvaḥ svātmani svābhāviko yaḥ sa kevalo bhavatītyātmā jñāyata ityucyate | svataścāprameyaḥ pramāṇāntareṇa na viṣayīkriyata ityuccayate | svataścāprameyaḥ pramāṇāntareṇa na viṣayīkriyata ityubhayamapyaviruddhameva | virajo vigatarajo rajo nāma dharmādharmādimalaṃ tadrahita ityetat | paraḥ paro vyatiriktaḥ sūkṣmo vyāpī vā'kāśādapyavyākṛtākhyāt |
ajo na jāyate janmapratiṣedhāduttare 'pi bhāvavikārāḥ pratiṣiddhāḥ |
sarveṣāṃ janmāditvāt |
ātmā mahānparimāṇato mahatatraḥ sarvasmāt |
dhruvo 'vināśī ||4,4.20||

tam eva dhīro vijñāya prajñāṃ kurvīta brāhmaṇaḥ | nānudhyāyād bahūñ chabdān vāco viglāpanaṃ hi tad iti ||

21. 'Let a wise Brâhmana, after he has discovered him, practise wisdom. Let him not seek after many words, for that is mere weariness of the tongue.

tamīdṛśamātmānameva dhīro dhāmānvijñāyopadeśataḥ śāstrataśca prajñāṃ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭaviṣayāṃ jijñāsāparisamāptikarīṃ kurvīta brāhmaṇaḥ |
evaṃ prajñākaraṇasādhanāni saṃnyāsaśamadamoparamatitikṣāsamādhānāni kuryīdityarthaḥ |
nānudhyāyānnānucintayedbahūnprabhūtāñchabdān |
tatra bahutvapratiṣedhātkevalātmakatvapratipādakāḥ svalpāḥ śabdā anujñāyante"omityevaṃ dhyāyatha ātmānam anyā vāco vimiñcatha"iti cā'tharvaṇe |
vāco viglāpanaṃ viśeṣeṇa glānikaraṃ śramakaraṃ hi yasmāttadbahuśabdābhidhyānamiti ||4,4.21||

sa vā eṣa mahān aja ātmā yo 'yaṃ vijñānamayaḥ prāṇeṣu | ya eṣo 'ntar hṛdaya ākāśas tasmiñ chete | sarvasya vaśī | sarvasyeśānaḥ | sarvasyādhipatiḥ | sa na sādhunā karmaṇā bhūyān | no evāsādhunā kanīyān | eṣa sarveśvaraḥ | eṣa bhūtādhipatiḥ | eṣa bhūtapālaḥ | eṣa setur vidharaṇa eṣāṃ lokānām asaṃbhedāya | tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena | etam eva viditvā munir bhavati | etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti ||

22. 'And he is that great unborn Self, who consists of knowledge, is surrounded by the Prânas, the ether within the heart. In it there reposes the ruler of all, the lord of all, the king of all. He does not become greater by good works, nor smaller by evil works. He is the lord of all, the king of all things, the protector of all things. He is a bank and a boundary, so that these worlds may not be confounded. Brâhmanas seek to know him by the study of the Veda, by sacrifice, by gifts, by penance, by fasting, and he who knows him, becomes a Muni. Wishing for that world (for Brahman) only, mendicants leave their homes. 'Knowing this, the people of old did not wish for offspring. What shall we do with offspring, they said, we who have this Self and this world (of Brahman) 1? And they, having risen above the desire for sons, wealth, and new worlds, wander about as mendicants. For desire for sons is desire for wealth, and desire for wealth is desire for worlds. Both these are indeed desires only. He, the Self, is to be described by No, no 2! He is incomprehensible, for he cannot be comprehended; he is imperishable, for he cannot perish; he is unattached, for he does not attach himself; unfettered, he does not suffer, he does not fail. Him (who knows), these two do not overcome, whether he says that for some reason he has done evil, or for some reason he has done good--he overcomes both, and neither what he has done, nor what he has omitted to do, burns (affects) him.

sahetukau bandhamokṣāvabhihitau mantrabrāhmaṇabhyāṃ ślokaiśca punarmokṣasvarūpaṃ vistareṇa pratipāditamevametasminnātmaviṣaye sarvo vedo yathopayukto bhavati tattathā vaktavyamiti tadartheyaṃ kaṇḍikā'rabhyate | tacca tathāsminprapāṭhake 'bhihitaṃ saprayojanamanūdyātraivopayogaḥ kṛtsnasya vedasya kāmyarāśivarjitasyetyevamarthaṃ uktārthānuvādaḥ sa vā eṣa ityādiḥ | sa ityuktaparāmarśārthaḥ | ko 'sāvuktaḥ parāmṛśyate taṃ prati nirdiśati ya eṣa vijñānamaya iti | atīntaravākyoktasaṃpratyayo mā bhūditi ya eṣaḥ | katama eṣa ityucyate-vijñānamayaḥ prāṇeṣviti | uttaravākyolliṅganaṃ saṃśayanivṛtyartham | uktaṃ hi pūrvaṃ janakapraśnārambhe kataṃ ātmeti yo 'yaṃ vijñānamayaḥ prāṇeṣvityādi | etaduktaṃ bhavati yo 'yaṃ vijñānamayaḥ prāṇeṣvityādinā vākyena pratipāditaḥ svayañjyotirātmā sa eṣa kāmakarmāvidyānāmanātmadharmatvapratidāpādanadvāreṇa mokṣitaḥ paramātmabhāvamāpāditaḥ para evāyaṃ nānya ityeṣa sa sākṣānmahānaja ātmetyuktaḥ | yo 'yaṃ vijñānamayaḥ prāṇeṣviti yathāvyākhyātārtha eva | ya eṣo 'ntarhṛdaye hṛdayepuṇḍarīkamadhye hṛdayapuṇḍarīkamadhye ya eṣa ākāśaḥ para evā'tmā nirupādhiko vijñānamayasya svasvabhāstasminsvasvabhāve paramātmanyākāśākhye sete | caturthaṃ etadvyākhyātaṃ kvaiṣa tadābhūdityasya prativacanatvena | sa ca sarvasya brahmendrādervaśī | sarvo hyasya vaśe vartate | uktaṃ caitasya vā akṣarasya praśāsana iti | na kevalaṃ vaśī sarvasyeśāna īśitā ca brhamendraprabhṛtīnāmīśitṛtvaṃ ca kadācijjātikṛtaṃ yathā rājakumārasya balavattarānapi bhṛtyānprati tadvanmā bhūdityāha sarvasyādhipatiradhiṣṭhāya pālayitā svatantra ityarthaḥ | na rājaputravadamātyādibhṛtyatantraḥ | trayamapyetadvaśitvādihetuhetumadrūpam | yasmātsarvasyādhipatistato 'sau sarvasyeśānaḥ | yo hi yamadhiṣṭāya pālayati sa taṃ pratīṣṭa eveti prasiddham | yasmācca sarvasyeśānastasmātsarvasya vaśīti | kicānyatsa evaṃbhūto hṛdyantarjyotiḥ puruṣo vijñānamayo na sādhunā śāstravihitena karmaṇā bhūyānbhavati na vardhate pūrvāvasthātaḥ kenaciddharmeṇa | no eva śāstrapriṣiddhenāsādhunā karmaṇā kanīyānalpataro bhavati pūrvāvasthāto na hīyata ityarthaḥ | kiñca sarvo hyadhiṣṭhānapālanādi kurvanparānugrahapīḍākṛtena dharmādharmākhyona yujyate 'syaiva tu kathaṃ tadabhāva iti | ucyate-yasmādeṣa sarveśvaraḥ sankarmaṇo 'pīśituṃ bhavatyeva śīlamasya tasmānna karmaṇā saṃbandhyate | kiñcāṣa bhūtādhipatirbrahmādistambhaparyantānāṃ bhūtānāmadhipatirityuktārthaṃ padam | eṣa bhūtānāṃ teṣāmeva pālayitā rakṣitā | eṣa setuḥ | kiṃviśiṣṭa ityāha- vidharaṇo varṇāśramādivyavasthāyā vidhārayitā | tadāhaiṣāṃ bhūrādīnā brahmalokāntānāṃ lokānāmasaṃbhedāyāsaṃbhinnamaryādāyai | parameśvareṇa setuvadavidhāryamāṇā lokāḥ saṃbhinnamaryādāḥ syuḥ | ato lokānāmasaṃbhedāya setubhūto 'yaṃ parameśvaro yaḥ svayañjyorātmaiva | evaṃvitsarvasya vaśītyādi brahmavidyāyāḥ phalametannirddiṣmaṭam | kijyetiriyaṃpuruṣa ityevamādiṣaṣṭhaprapāṭhakavihitāyāmetasyāṃ brahmavidyāyāmevaṃphalāyāṃ kāmyaikadeśavarjitaṃ kṛtsnaṃ karmakāṇḍaṃ tādarthyena vaniyujyate | tatkathamityucyate-tametamevabhūtamaupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ vedānuvacanena mantrabrāhmaṇādhyayanena nityasvādhyāyalakṣaṇena vividiṣanti veditumicchanti | ke | brāhmaṇāḥ | brāhmaṇagrahaṇamupalakṣaṇārtham | aviśiṣṭo hyadhikārastrayāṇāṃ varṇānām | athavā karmakāṇḍena mantrahabrāhmaṇena vedānuvacanena vivijiṣanti | kathaṃ vividiṣantītyucyate-yajñenetyādi | ya punarmantrabrāhmaṇalakṣaṇena vedānuvacanena prakāśyamānaṃ vividaṣantīti vyācakṣate teṣāmāraṇyakamātrameva vedānuvacanaṃ syāt | na hi karmakāṇena para ātmā prakāśyate | to tvaipaniṣadamiti viśeṣaśruteḥ | vedānuvacaneneti cāviśeṣitatvātsamastagrāhidaṃ vacanam | na ca tadekadeśotsarhe yuktaḥ | nanu tvatpakṣe 'pyupaniṣadvarjamityekadeśatvaṃ syāt | nā'dyavyākhyāne 'virodhādasmatpakṣe naiṣa doṣo bhavati | yadā vedānuvacanaśabdena nityaḥ svādhyāyo vidhīyate tadopaniṣadapu gṛhītaiveti vedānuvacanaśabdārthaikadeśo na parityakto bhavati | yajñādisahapāṭhācca | yajñādīni karmāṇyevānukramiṣyanvedānuvacanaśabdaṃ prayuṅkte | tasmātkramaiva vedānuvacanaśabdenocyata iti gamyate | karma hi nityasvādhyāyaḥ | kathaṃ punarnityasvādhyāyādibhiḥ karmabhirātmānaṃ vividaṣanti | naiva hi tānyātmānaṃ prakāśanayanta yathopaniṣadaḥ | naiṣa dodhaḥ-karmaṇāṃ viśuddhihetutvāt | karmabhiḥ saṃskṛtā hi viśuddhātmānaḥ śaknuvantyātmānamupaniṣatprakāśitamapratibandhena veditum | tathā hyātharvaṇe-"viśuddhasattvastatastu taṃ paśyate niṣkalaṃ dhyāyamānaḥ"iti smṛtiśca-"jñānamutpadyate puṃsāṃ kṣayātpāpasya karmaṇaḥ"ityādiḥ |
kathaṃ punarnityāni karmāṇi saṃskārārthānītyavagamyate"sa ha vā ātmayājī yo vededaṃ me 'nenāṅgaṃ saṃskriyata idaṃ me 'nenāṅgamupadhīyate"ityādiśruteḥ |
sarveṣu ca smṛtiśāstreṣu karmāṇi saṃskārārthānyevā'cakṣate 'ṣṭācatvāriṃśatsaṃskārā ityādiṣu |
gītāsu ca-"yajño daina tapaścaiva pāvanāni manīṣiṇām |
sarve 'pyete yajñavido yajñakṣapitakalmaṣāḥ" ||
iti | yajñeneti dravyayajñā jñānayajñāśca saṃskārārthāḥ | saṃskṛtasya ca viśuddhasatvasya jñānotpattirapratibandhena bhaviṣyatyato yajñena vividiṣṭi | dānena dānamapi pāpakṣayahetutvāddharmavṛddhihetutvācca | tapasā tapa ityaviśeṣeṇa kṛcchracāndrāyaṇādiprāptau viśeṣaṇamanāśakeneti | kāmānaśanamanāśakaṃ na tu bhojananivṛttiḥ bhojananivṛttau mriyata eva nā'tmavedanam | vedānuvacanayajñadānatapaḥśabdena sarvameva nityaṃ karmopalakṣyate | evaṃ kāmyavarjitaṃ nityaṃ karmajātaṃ sarvamātmajñānotpattidvāreṇa mokṣasādhanatvaṃ pritapadyate | evaṃ karmakāṇḍenāsyaikavākyatāvagatiḥ | evaṃ yathoktena nyāyenaitamevā'tmānaṃ viditvā yathāprakāśitaṃ munirbhavati mananānmuniryogī bhavatītyartha | etameva viditvā munirbhavati nānyam | nanvanyavedane 'pi munitvaṃ syātkathamavadhāryata etameveti | bāḍhamanyavedane 'pi munirbhavet | kitvanyavedane na munireva syātkiṃ tarhi karmyapi bhavetsaḥ | etaṃ tvaupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ viditvā munireva syānna tu karmī | ato 'sādhāraṇaṃ munitvaṃ vivakṣitamasyetyavadhārayatyetameveti | etasminhi vidite kena kaṃ paśyedityevaṃ kriyāsambhavānmananameva syāt | kiñcaicamevā'tmānaṃ svaṃ lokamicchantaḥ prārthayantaḥ pravrājinaḥ pravrajanaśīlāḥ pravraḍanti prakarṣeṇa vrajanti sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasyantītyarthaḥ | etameva lokamicchanta ityavadhāraṇānna bāhyalokatrayepsūnāṃ pārivrājyodhikāra iti gamyate | na hi gaṅgādvāraṃ pratipitsuḥ kāśīdeśanivāsī pūrvābhimukhaḥ praiti | tasmādbāhyalokatrayārthināṃ putrakarmāparabrahmavidyāḥ sādhanam | "putreṇāyaṃ loko jayyo nānyena karmaṇā" ityādiśruteḥ | athastadarthibhiḥ putrādisādhanaṃ pratyākhyāya na pārivrājyaṃ pratipattuṃ yuktam | atatsādhanatvātpārivrājyasya | tasmādetameva lokamicchantaḥ pravrajantīti yuktamavadhāraṇam | ātmalokaprāptirhyavidyānivṛttau svātmanyavasthānameva | tasmādātmānaṃ cellokamicchaci yastasya sarvakriyoparama evā'tmavalokasādhanaṃ mukhyamantaraṅgam | yathā putrādireva bāhyalokatrayasya | putrādikarmaṇaḥ ātmalokaṃ pratyasādhanatvāt | asambhavena viruddhatvamavocāma | tasmādātmānaṃ lokamicchantaḥ prvrajantyeva sarvakriyābhyo nivarterannevetyarthaḥ | yathā ca bāhyalokatrayārthinaḥ pratiniyatāni putrādīni sādhanāni vihatānyevamātmalokārthanaḥ sarvaiṣaṇānivṛttiḥ pārivrājyaṃ brahmavido vidhīyata eva | kutaḥ punasta ātmalokārthanaḥ pravraḍantyevetyucyate | tatrārthavādavākyarūpeṇa hotuṃ darśayatu | etaddha sma vai tat | tadetatpārivrājye kāraṇamucyate- ha sma vai kila pūrvetikrāntakālīnā vidvāṃsa ātmajñāḥ prajāṃ karmāparabrahmavidyā ca | prajopalabhitaṃ hi trayametadbāhyalokatrayasādhanaṃ nirdiśyate prajāmiti | prajāṃ kiṃ? na kāmayante putrādilokatrayasādhanaṃ nānutiṣṭhantītyarthaḥ | nanvaparabrahmadarśamanutiṣṭhantyeva | tadbalāddhi vyutthānam | na, apavādāt | brahma taṃ parādādyo 'nyatrā'tmano brahma veda sarvaṃ taṃ parādādityaparabrahmadarśamapyapavadatyeva | aparabrahmaṇo 'pi sarvamadhyāntararbhāvāt | yatra nānyatpaśyatīti ca | pūrvāparabāhyāntaradarśanapratiṣedhāccāpūrvamanaparamanantaramabāhyamiti | tatkena kaṃ paśyedvijīnāyīditi ca | tasmānnā'tmadarśanavyatirekeṇānyadvyutthānakāraṇamapekṣate | kaḥ punasteṣāmabhiprāya ityucyate kiṃ prayojanaṃ phalaṃ sādhyaṃ kariṣyāmaḥ prajayā sādhanena | prajā hi bāhyalokasādhanaṃ nirjñātā | sa ca bāhyaloko nāstyasmākamātmavyatiriktaḥ | sarvaṃ hyasmākamātmabhūtameva sarvasya ca vayamātmabhūtāḥ | ātmā ca nā'tmatvādeva na kenacitsādhanenotpādya āpyo vikāryaḥ saṃskāryo vā yadapyātmayājinaḥ saṃskārārthaṃ karmeti tadapi kāryakaraṇātmadarśanaviṣayameva | idaṃ me 'nenāṅgaṃ saṃskriyata ityaṅgāṅgitvādiśravaṇāt | na hi vijñānaghanaikarasanairantaryadarśino 'ṅgāṅgisaṃskāropadhānadarśanaṃ sambhavati | tasmānna kiñcitpraḍādisādhanaiḥ kariṣyāmaḥ | aviduṣāṃ hi tatpradājisādhanaiḥ karvyaṃ phalam | na hi mṛgatṛṣṇikāyāmudakapānāṃ tadudakadarśī pravṛtta iti tatroṣaramātramudakābhāvaṃ paśyeto 'pi pravṛttiryuktā | evamasmākamapi paramārthātmalokadarśināṃ prajādisādhanasādhye mṛgatṛṣṇikādisame 'vidvaddarśanaviṣaye na pravṛttiryuktetyabhiprāyaḥ | tadetaducyate-yeṣāmasmākaṃ paramārthadarśināṃ no 'yamātmāśanāyādivinirmuktaḥ sādhvasādhubyāmavikāryo 'yaṃ lokaḥ phalamabhipratam | na cā.'syā'tmanaḥ sādhyasādhanādisarvasaṃsāradharmavinirmuktasya sādhanaṃ kiñcideṣitavyam | sādhyasya hi sādhanānveṣaṇā kriyate | asādhyasya sādhanānveṣaṇāyāṃ hi jalabuddhyā sthala iva taraṇaṃ kṛtaṃ syāt | khe vā śākunapadānveṣaṇam | tasmādetamātmānaṃ viditvā prvjeyureva brāhmaṇā na karmā'rabherannityarthaḥ | yasmātpūrve brāhnā evaṃ vidvāṃsaḥ prajāmakāmayamānāḥ | ta evaṃ sādhyasādhanasaṃvyavahāraṃ nindanto 'vidvadviṣayo 'yamiti kṛtvā kiṃ kṛtavanta ityucyate-te ha sma kila putrāṣaṇāyāśca vistaiṣaṇāyāśca lokāṣaṇāyāśca vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ canarantītyādi vyākhyātam | tasmādātmānaṃ lokamicchantaḥ pravrajanti pravrajeyurityeṣavidhirarthavādena saṃgacchate | hi sārthavādasyāsya lokastutyābhimukhyamupapadyate | pravrajantītyasyārthavādarūpo hyetaddha smetyādiruttaro granthaḥ | arthavādaścennārthavādāntaramapekṣeta | apekṣate tvetaddha smetyādyarthavādaṃ pravrajantītyetat | yasmātpūrve vidvāṃsaḥ prajādikarmabhyo nivṛttāḥ pravjitavanta ava tasmādadhunātanā api pravrajanti pravjeyurityevaṃ sambadhyamānaṃ na lokastityabhimukhaṃ bhavitumarhati | vijñānasamānakartṛkatvopadeśādityānāvocāma | vedānuvacanādisahapāṭhācca | yathā'tmavedanasādhanatvena vihitānāṃ vedānuvacanādīnāṃ yathārthatvameva nārthavādatvaṃ tathā taireva saha paṭhitasya pārivrājyasyā'tmalokaprāptisādhanatvenārthavādatvamayuktam | phalavibhāgopadeśācca | etamevātmānaṃ lokaṃ viditvetyanyasmādbāhyāllokādātmānaṃ phalāntaratvena pravibhajati | yathā putraiṇaivāyaṃ loko ḍayyo nānyena karmaṇā karmaṇā pitṛloka iti | na ca pravrajantītyetatpārpatallokastutiparam | pradhānavaccārthavādāpekṣaṃ sakṛcchrutaṃ syāt | tasmādabhrāntirevaiṣā lokastitiparamiti | na cānuṣṭheyena pārivrājyena stuturupapadyate | di pārivrājyamanuṣṭheyamapi sadanyastutyarthaṃ syāddarśapūrṇamāsādīnāmapyanuṣṭhāyānāṃ stutyarthatā syāt | na cānyatra kartavyataitasmādviṣayārjñātā yata iha stutyartho bhavet | yadi punaḥ kvacidvidhiḥ parikalpyeta pārivrājyasya sa ihaiva mukhyo nānyatra sambhavati | yadapyanadhikṛtaviṣaye pārivrājyaṃ parikalpyate tatra vṛkṣādyārohaṇādyapu pārivrājyatkalpyeta | kartavyatvenānirjñātatvāviśeṣāt | tasmātstutitvagandho ''pyatra na śakyaḥ kalpayitum | yadyayātmā loka iṣyate kimarthaṃ tatprāptisādhanatvena karmāṇyeva nā'bherankiṃ pārivrājyeneti | atrocyate-asyā'tmalokasya karmabhirasaṃbandhāt | yamātmānamicchantaḥ pravrajeyuḥ sa ātmā sādhanatvena phalatvena cotpādyatvādiprakārāṇāmanyatamatvenāpu karmabhirna saṃbadhyate | tasmātsa eṣa neti netyātmāgṛhyo na hi gṛhyata ityādilakṣaṇaḥ | yasmādevalakṣaṇa ātmā karmaphalasādhanāsaṃbandhī sarvasaṃsāradharmavilakṣaṇo 'śanāyādyatīto 'sthūlādidharmavānajo 'jaro 'maro 'mṛto 'bhayaḥ saindhavaghanavadvijñānaikarasasvabhāvaḥ svayañjyotireka evādvayo 'pūrvo 'naparo 'nantaro 'bāhya ityatadāgamatastarkataśca sthāpitaṃ viśeṣataśceha janakayājñavalkyasaṃvāde 'smiṃstasmādevaṃlakṣaṇa ātmani vidita ātmatvena naiva karmārambha upapadyate | tasmādātmā nirviśeṣaḥ | na hi cakṣuṣmānpathi pravṛtto 'hini kūpe kaṇke vā patati |
kṛtsnasya ca karmaphalasya vidyāphale 'ntarbhāvāt |
na cāyatnaprāpye vastuni vidvānyatnamātiṣṭhati |
"aṅke cenmadhu vindeta kimarthaṃ parvataṃ vrajet |
iṣṭasyārthasya saṃprāptau ko vidvānyatnamācaret" ||
"sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārthaṃ jñāne parasamāpyate" | iti gītāmu | ihāpi caitasyaiva paramānandasya brahmavitprāpyasyānyāni bhūtāni mātrāmupajīvantītyuktam | ato brahmavidā na karmārambhaḥ | yasmātsarvaiṣaṇāvinivṛttaḥ sa eva neti netyātmānamātmatvenopagamya tadrūpeṇaiva vartate tasmādetamevavidaṃ neti netyātmabhūtamu haivaite vakṣyamāṇe na tarato na prāpnuta iti yuktameveti vākyaśeṣaḥ | ke te ityucyate- ato 'smānnimittāccharīradhāraṇādihetoḥ pāpamapuṇyaṃ karmākaraṃ kṛtavānasmi kaṣṭaṃ khalu mama vṛttamanena pāpena karmaṇāhaṃ narakaṃ pratipatsya iti yo 'yaṃ paścātpāpaṃ karma kṛtavataḥ paritāmapaḥ sa enaṃ neti netyātmabhūtaṃ na tarati | yathātaḥ kalyāṇaṃ phalaviṣayakāmānnimittādyajñadānādilakṣaṇaṃ puṇyaṃ śobhanaṃ karma kṛtavānasmi | jato 'hamasya phalaṃsukhamupabhokṣya dehāntara ityeṣo 'pi harṣastaṃ na tarati | ubhe u haivaiṣa brahmavidete karmaṇī tarati puṇyapāpalakṣaṇe | evaṃ brahmavidaḥ saṃnyāsina ubhe api karmaṇo kṣīyate pūrvajanmani kṛte ye te cāpūrve ca nā'rabhyete | kiñca nainaṃ kṛtākṛte kṛtaṃ nityānuṣṭhānamakṛtaṃ tasyaivākriyā te api kṛtākṛte enaṃ na tapataḥ |
anātmajñaṃ hi kṛtaṃ phaladānenākṛtaṃ pratyavāyotpādanena tapataḥ |
ayaṃ tu brahmavidātmavidyāgninā sarvāṇi karmāṇi bhasmīkaroti"yathedhāṃsi samidvo 'gniḥ" ityādismṛteḥ |
śarīrārambhakayostūpabhogenaiva kṣayaḥ |
ato brahmavidakarmasaṃbandhī ||4,4.22||

tad etad ṛcābhyuktam -- eṣa nityo mahimā brāhmaṇasya na karmaṇā vardhate no kanīyān | tasyaiva syāt padavittaṃ viditvā na lipyate karmaṇā pāpakeneti | tasmād evaṃvic chānto dānta uparatas titikṣuḥ samāhito bhūtvātmany evātmānaṃ paśyati | sarvam ātmānaṃ paśyati | nainaṃ pāpmā tarati | sarvaṃ pāpmānaṃ tarati | nainaṃ pāpmā tapati | sarvaṃ pāpmānaṃ tapati | vipāpo virajo 'vicikitso brāhmaṇo bhavati | eṣa brahmalokaḥ samrāṭ | enaṃ prāpito 'sīti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | so 'haṃ bhagavate videhān dadāmi mām cāpi saha dāsyāyeti ||

23. 'This has been told by a verse (Rik): "This eternal greatness of the Brâhmana does not grow larger by work, nor does it grow smaller. Let man try to find (know) its trace, for having found (known) it, he is not sullied by any evil deed." 'He therefore that knows it, after having become quiet, subdued, satisfied, patient, and collected, sees self in Self, sees all as Self. Evil does not overcome him, he overcomes all evil. Evil does not burn him, he burns all evil. Free from evil, free from spots, free from doubt, he becomes a (true) Brâhmana; this is the Brahma-world, O King,'--thus spoke Yâgñavalkya. Ganaka Vaideha said: 'Sir, I give you the Videhas, and also myself, to be together your slaves.'

tadetadvastu brāṅmaṇenoktamṛcā mantreṇābhyuktaṃ prakāśitam | eṣa neti netyādilakṣaṇo nityo mahimā | anye tu mahimānaḥ karmakṛtā ityanityāḥ | ayaṃ tu tadvilakṣaṇo mahimā svābhāvikatvānnityo brahmavido brāhmaṇasya tyaktasarveṣaṇasya | kuto 'sya nityatvamiti hetumāha- karmaṇā na vardhate śubhalakṣaṇena kṛtena vṛdvilakṣaṇāṃ vikriyāṃ na prāpneti | aśubhena karmaṇā no kanīyānnāpyapakṣayalakṣaṇāṃ vikriyāṃ prāpnoti | upacayāpacayahetubhūtā eva hi sarvā vikriyā ityetābhyāṃ pratiṣidhyante | ato 'vikriyatvānnitya eṣa mahimā | tasmāttasyaiva mahimnaḥ syādbhavetpadavitpadasya vettā padyate gamyate jñāyata iti mahimnaḥ svarūpameva padaṃ tasya padasya veditā | kiṃ tatpadavedanena syādityucyate-taṃ viditvā mahimānaṃ na lipyate na saṃbadhyate karmaṇā pāpakena dharmādharmalakṣaṇenobhayamapi pāpakameva viduṣaḥ | tasmādevamakarmasaṃbandhyeṣa brāhmaṇasya mahimā neti netyādilakṣaṇastasmādevaṃvicchānto bāhyendriyavyāpārata upaśāntastathā dānto 'ntaḥ karaṇatṛṣṇāto nivṛtta uparataḥ sarvaiṣaṇāvinirmuktaḥ saṃnyāsī titikṣurdvandvasahiṣṇuḥ samāhita indriyāntaḥ karaṇācalanarūpādvyāvṛtyaikāgryarūpeṇa samāhito bhūtvā | tadetaduktaṃ purastādbālyaṃ ca pāṇḍityaṃ ca nirvidyeti | ātmanyeva sve kāryakaraṇasaṃghāta ātmānaṃ pratyakcetayitāraṃ paśyati | tatra kiṃ tāvanmānnaṃ paricchinaṃ netyucyatesarvaṃ samastamātmānameva paśyati nānyadātmavyatiriktaṃ vālāgramānnamapyastītyevaṃ paśyati | mananānmunirbhavati jāgratsvapnasuṣuptākhyaṃ sthānannayaṃ hitvā | evaṃ paśyantaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nainaṃ pāpmā puṇyapāpalakṣaṇastarati na prāpneti | ayaṃ tu brahmavitsarvaṃ pāpmānaṃ taratyātmabhāvenaiva vyāpnotyatikrāmati | nainaṃ pāpmā kṛtākṛtalakṣaṇastapatīṣṭaphalapratyavāyotpādanābhyām | sarvaṃ pāpmānamayaṃ tapati brahmavitsarvatmadarśanavahrinā bhasmīkaroti | sa eṣa evaṃvidvipāyo vigatadharmādharmo birajo vigatarajo rajaḥkāmo vigatakāmo 'vicikitsaśchinnasaṃśayo 'hamasmi sarvātmā paraṃ brahmeti niścitamatirbrāhmaṇo bhavati | ayaṃ tvevaṃbhūta atasyāmavasthāyāṃ mukhyo brāhmaṇaḥ prāgetasmādbrahmasvarūpāvasthānādgauṇamasya brāhmaṇyam | eṣa brahmaloko brahmaiva loko brahmaloko mukhyo nirupacaritaḥ sarvātmabhāvalakṣaṇo he smāraṭ |
enaṃ brahmalokaṃ pariprāpito 'syabhayaṃ neti netyādilakṣaṇamiti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ |
evaṃ brahmabhūto janako yājñavalkyena brahmabhāvamāpāditaḥ pratyāha-so 'haṃ tvayā brahmabhāvamāpāditaḥ sanbhagavate tubhyaṃ videhāndeśānmama rājya samastaṃ dadāmi māṃ ca saha kartavyatākā |
parisamāptaḥ paramapuruṣārthaḥ |
etāvatpuruṣeṇa kartavyameṣā niṣṭhaiṣā parā gatiretanniḥśreyasametatprāpya kṛtakṛtyo brāhmaṇo bhavatyetatsarvavedānuśāsanamiti ||4,4.23||

sa vā eṣa mahān aja ātmānnādo vasudānaḥ | vindate vasu ya evaṃ veda ||

24. This indeed is the great, the unborn Self, the strong, the giver of wealth. He who knows this obtains wealth.

yo 'yaṃ janakayājñavalkyākhyāyikāyāṃ vyākhyāta ātmā sa vā eṣa mahānaja ātmānnādaḥ sarvabhūtasthaḥ sarvānnānāmattā vasudāno vasu dhanaṃ sarvaprāṇikarmaphalaṃ tasya dātā prāṇināṃ yathākarma phalena yojayitetyarthaḥ |
tamekamajamannādaṃ vasudānamātmānamannādavasudānaguṇābhyāṃ yuktaṃ yo veda sa sarvabhūteṣvātmabhūto 'nnamatti vindate ca vasu sarvaṃ karmaphalajātaṃ labhate sarvātmatvādena ya evaṃ yathoktaṃ veda |
athavā dṛṣṭaphalārthibhirapyevaṅguṇa upāsyaḥ |
tenānnādo vasośca labdhā dṛṣṭenaiva phalenānnātṛtvena goścādinā cāsya yogo bhavatītyarthaḥ ||4,4.24||

sa vā eṣa mahān aja ātmājaro 'maro 'mṛto 'bhayo brahma | abhayaṃ vai brahma | abhayaṃ hi vai brahma bhavati ya evaṃ veda ||

25. This great, unborn Self, undecaying, undying, immortal, fearless, is indeed Brahman. Fearless is Brahman, and he who knows this becomes verily the fearless Brahman.

idānīṃ samastasyaivā'raṇyarakasya yor'tha uktaḥ sa samuccityāsyā kaṇḍikāyāṃ nirdiśyata etāvānsamastāraṇyakārtha iti | sa vā eṣa mahānaja ātmājaro na jīryata iti na vipariṇamata ityarthaḥ | amaro yasmāccājarastasmādamaro na mriyata ityamaraḥ | yo hi jāyate jīryate ca sa vinaśyati mriyate vā | ayaṃ tvajatvādajaratvāccāvināśī yato 'ta evāmṛtaḥ | yasmājjaniprabhṛtistribhirbhāvaviripairvarjitastasmāditarairapi bhāvavikāraistribhistatkṛtaiśca kāmakarmamohādibhirmṛtyurūpairvījata ityetat | abhayo 'ta eva | yasmāccaivaṃ pūrvoktaviśeṣaṇastasmasmādbhayavarjitaḥ bhayaṃ ca hi nāmāvidyākāryaṃ tatkāryapritiṣedhena bhāvavikārapratiṣedhena cāvidyāyāḥ pratiṣedhaḥ siddho veditavyaḥ | abhaya ātmaivaṅguṇaviśiṣṭaḥ kimasau brahma parivṛḍhaṃ niratiśayaṃ mahadityarthaḥ | abhayaṃ vai brahma | prasiddhametalloke 'bhayaṃ brahmeti | tasmādyuktamevaṅguṇaviśiṣṭa ātmā brahmeti | ya evaṃ yathoktamātmānamabhayaṃ brahma veda so 'bhayaṃ hi vai brahma bhavati | eṣa sarvasyā upaniṣadaḥ saṃkṣiptor'tha uktaḥ |
etasyaivārthas samyakprabodhāyotpattisthitipralayādikalpanā kriyākārakaphalādhyāropaṇā cā'tmani kṛtā tadapohena ca neti netītyadhyāropitāviśeṣāpanayadvāreṇapunastatvamāveditam |
yathaikaprabhṛtyāparārdhasaṃkhyāsvarūpaparijñānāyā rekhādhyāropaṇaṃ kṛtvaikeyaṃ rekhā daśeyaṃ śateyaṃ sahasreyamiti grāhayatyavagamayati saṃkhyāsvarūpaṃ kevalaṃ na tu saṃkhyāyā rekhātmatvameva yathā cākārādīnyakṣarāṇi grāhayati tathā cehotpatyādyanekopāyamāsthāyaikaṃ brahmatattvamāveditam |
punastatkalpitopāyajanitaviśeṣapariśodhanārthaṃ neti netīti tattvopasaṃhāraḥ kṛtaḥ |
tadupasaṃhṛtaṃ punaḥ pariśuddhaṃ kevalameva saphalaṃ jñānamante 'sya kaṇḍikāyāmiti ||4,4.25||
iti caturthaṃ brāhmaṇam ||

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