Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣat

Complete text

atha hainaṃ vidagdhaḥ śākalyaḥ papraccha -- kati devā yājñavalkyeti | sa haitayaiva nividā pratipede yāvanto vaiśvadevasya nividy ucyante | trayaś ca trī ca śatā trayaś ca trī ca sahasreti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | trayastriṃśad iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | ṣaḍ iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | traya iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | dvāv iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | adhyardha iti | om iti hovāca | katy eva devā yājñavalkyeti | eka iti | om iti hovāca | katame te trayaś ca trī ca śatā trayaś ca trī ca sahasreti ||

NINTH BRÂHMANA
1. Then Vidagdha Sâkalya asked him: 'How many gods are there, O Yâgñavalkya?' He replied with this very Nivid: 'As many as are mentioned in the Nivid of the hymn of praise addressed to the Visvedevas, viz. three and three hundred, three and three thousand.' 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'Thirty-three,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'Six,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'Three,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'Two,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'One and a half (adhyardha),' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked again: 'How many gods are there really, O Yâgñavalkya?' 'One,' he said. 'Yes,' he said, and asked: 'Who are these three and three hundred, three and three thousand?'

atha hainaṃ vidagdha iti nāmataḥ śakalasyāpatyaṃ śākalyaḥ papraccha--katisaṃkhyākā devā he yājñavalkyeti | sa yājñavalkyaḥ, ha kila, etayaiva vakṣyamāṇayā nividā pratipede saṃkhyām, yāṃ saṃkhyāṃ pṛṣṭavāñśākalyaḥ |
yāvanto yāvatsaṃkhyākā devā vaiśvadevasya śastrasya nividi-nivinnāma devatāsaṃkhyāvācakāni mantrapadāni, kānicid vaiśvadeve śastre śasyante tāni nivitsaṃjñakāni;tasyāṃ nividi yāvanto devāḥ śrūyante tāvanto devā iti |
kā punaḥ sā nividiti tāni nivitpadāni pradarśyante-trayaśca trī ca śatā-trayaśca devāḥ, devānāṃ trī ca trīṇi ca śatāni;punarapyevaṃ trayaśca, trī ca sahasrā sahasrāṇ-etāvanto devā iti śākalyo 'pyomiti hovāca |
evameṣāṃ madhyamā saṃkhyā samyaktayā jñātā, punastepāmeva devānāṃ saṃkocaviṣayāṃ saṃkhyāṃ pṛcchati-katyeva devā yājñavalkyeti;trayastriśata;pada, trayaḥ, dvau, adhyardhaḥ, eka iti |
devatāsaṃkocavikāsaviṣayāṃ saṃkhyāṃ pṛṣṭvā punaḥ saṃkhyeyasvarūpaṃ pṛcchati-katame te trayaśca trī ca śatā trayaśca trī ca sahasreti || 1 ||

sa hovāca -- mahimāna evaiṣām ete | trayastriṃśat tv eva devā iti | katame te trayastriṃśad iti | aṣṭau vasava ekādaśa rudrā dvādaśādityāḥ ta ekatriṃśad aindraś caiva prajāpatiś ca trayastriṃśāv iti ||

2. Yâgñavalkya replied: 'They are only the various powers of them, in reality there are only thirty-three gods.' He asked: 'Who are those thirty-three?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'The eight Vasus, the eleven Rudras, the twelve Âdityas. They make thirty-one, and Indra and Pragâpati make the thirty-three.'

sa hovācetaraḥ - mahimāno vibhūtayaḥ, eṣāṃ trayastriṃśataḥ devānām ete trayaśca trī ca śatetyādayaḥ;paramārthatastu trayastriṃśattveva devā iti |
katame te trayastriṃśadityucyate - aṣṭau vasavaḥ ekādaśa rudrāḥ, dvādaśa ādityāste ekatriṃśat, indraścaiva prajāpatiśca trayastriṃśāviti trayastriṃśataḥ pūraṇau || 2 ||

katame vasava iti | agniś ca pṛthivī ca vāyuś cāntarikṣaṃ cādityaś ca dyauḥ ca candramāś ca nakṣatrāṇi caite vasavaḥ | eteṣu hīdaṃ sarvaṃ vasu hitaṃ iti tasmād vasava iti ||

3. He asked: 'Who are the Vasus.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Agni (fire), Prithivî (earth), Vâyu (air), Antariksha (sky), Âditya (sun), Dyu (heaven), Kandramas (moon), the Nakshatras (stars), these are the Vasus, for in them all that dwells (this world) rests; and therefore they are called Vasus.'

katame vasava iti teṣāṃ svarūpaṃ pratyekaṃ pṛchcyate;agniśca pṛthivī ceti - agnyādyā nakṣatrāntarā ete vasavaḥ - prāṇināṃ karmaphalāśrayatvena kāryakaraṇasaṃghātarūpeṇa tannivāsatvena ca vipariṇamanto jagadidaṃ sarvaṃ vāsayanti vasanti ca;te yasmād vāsanti tasmāde vasava iti || 3 ||

katame rudrā iti | daśeme puruṣe prāṇā ātmaikādaśaḥ | te yadāsmāc charīrān martyād utkrāmanty atha rodayanti | tad yad rodayanti tasmād rudrā iti ||

4. He asked: 'Who are the Rudras?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'These ten vital breaths (prânas, the senses, i.e. the five gñânendriyas, and the five karmendriyas), and Âtman, as the eleventh. When they depart from this mortal body, they make us cry (rodayanti), and because they make us cry, they are called Rudras.'

katame rudrā iti |
daśeme puruṣe karmabuddhīndriyāṇi prāṇāḥ, ātmā mana ekādaśaḥ - ekādaśānāṃ pūraṇaḥ te ete prāṇā yadā asmāccharīrānmartyāt prāṇināṃ karmaphalapabhogakṣaye utkrāmanti - atha tadā rodayanti tatsambandhinaḥ |
tattatra yasmādrodayanti te sambandhinaḥ, tasmād rudrā iti || 4 ||

katama ādityā iti | dvādaśa vai māsāḥ saṃvatsarasyaita ādityāḥ | ete hīdaṃ sarvam ādadānā yanti | te yad idaṃ sarvam ādadānā yanti tasmād ādityā iti ||

5. He asked: 'Who are the Âdityas?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'The twelve months of the year, and they are Âdityas, because they move along (yanti), taking up everything (âdadânâh). Because they move along, taking up everything, therefore they are called Âdityas.'

katama ādityā iti |
dvādaśa vai māsāḥ saṃvatsarasya kālasyāvayavāḥ prasiddhāḥ, ete ādityāḥ;katham? ete hi yasmāt punaḥ punaḥ parivartamānāḥ prāṇināmāyūṃṣi karmaphalaṃ ca ādadānā gṛhyanta upādadato yanti gacchanti te yad yasmādevamidaṃ sarvamādadānā yanti tasmādādityā iti || 5 ||

katama indraḥ katamaḥ prajāpatir iti | stanayitnur evendro yajñaḥ prajāpatir iti | katamaḥ stanayitnur iti | aśanir iti | katamo yajña iti | paśava iti ||

6. He asked: 'And who is Indra, and who is Pragâpati?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Indra is thunder, Pragâpati is the sacrifice.' He asked: 'And what is the thunder?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'The thunderbolt.' He asked: 'And what is the sacrifice?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'The (sacrificial) animals.'

katama indraḥ katamaḥ prajāpatiriti, stanayityurevendro yajñaḥ prajāpatiriti, katamaḥ stanayitnurityaśaniriti |
aśanirvajraṃ vīryaṃ balam, yat prāṇinaḥ pramāpayati, sa indraḥ;indrasya hi tat karma |
katamo yajña iti paśava iti - yajñasya hi sādhanāni paśavaḥ;yajñasyārūpatvāt paśusādhanāśrayatvācca paśavo yajña ityucyate || 6 ||

katame ṣaḍ iti | agniś ca pṛthivī ca vāyuś cāntarikṣaś cādityaś ca dyauś caite ṣaṭ | ete hīdaṃ sarvaṃ ṣaḍ iti ||

7. He asked: 'Who are the six?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Agni (fire), Prithivî (earth), Vâyu (air), Antariksha (sky), Âditya (sun), Dyu (heaven), they are the six, for they are all this, the six.'

katame ṣaḍiti;ta evāgnyādayo vasutvena paṭhitāścandramasaṃ nakṣatrāṇi ca varjayitvā ṣaḍ bhavanti - ṣaṭasaṃkhyāviśiṣṭāḥ, trayastriṃśadādi yaduktamidaṃ sarvam, eta eva ṣaḍ bhavanti sarvo hi vasvādivistara eteṣveva ṣaṭasvantarbhavatītyarthaḥ || 7 ||

katame te trayo devā iti | ima eva trayo lokāḥ | eṣu hīme sarve devā iti | katamau tau dvau devā iti | annaṃ caiva prāṇaś ceti | katamo 'dhyardha iti | yo 'yaṃ pavata iti ||

8. He asked: 'Who are the three gods?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'These three worlds, for in them all these gods exist.' He asked: 'Who are the two gods?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Food and breath.' He asked: 'Who is the one god and a half?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'He that blows.'

katame te trayo devā iti;ima eva trayo lokā iti - pṛthivīmagniṃ caikokṛtyaiko devaḥ, antarikṣaṃ vāyuṃ caikīkṛtya tṛtīyaḥ - te eva trayo devā iti |
eṣu. hi yasmāt, triṣu deveṣu sarve devā antarbhavanti tena ta eva devāstrayaḥ - ityeṣa nairuktānāṃ keṣāñcit pakṣaḥ |
katamau tau dvau devāviti - annaṃ caiva prāṇaścaitau dvau devau, anayoḥ sarveṣāmuktānāmantarbhāvaḥ |
katamo 'dhyargha iti - yo 'yaṃ pavate vāyuḥ || 8 ||

tad āhur yad ayam eka ivaiva pavate | atha katham adhyardha iti | yad asminn idaṃ sarvam adhyārdhnot tenādhyardha iti | katama eko deva iti | prāṇa iti | sa brahma tyad ity ācakṣate ||

9. Here they say: 'How is it that he who blows like one only, should be called one and a half (adhyardha)?' And the answer is: 'Because, when the wind was blowing, everything grew (adhyardhnot).' He asked: 'Who is the one god?'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'Breath (prâna), and he is Brahman (the Sûtrâtman), and they call him That (tyad).'

tattatrāhuścodayanti - yadayaṃ vāyureka ivaiva eka eva pavate ;atha kathamadhyardha iti? yadasminnidaṃ sarvamadhyārdhnot-asmin vāyau satīdaṃ sarvamadhyārdhnodadhi ṛddhiṃ prāpnoti, tenādhyardha iti | katama eko deva iti? prāṇa iti sa prāṇo brahma-sarvadevātmakatvānmahad brahma, tena sa brahma tyadityācakṣate-tyaditi tad brahmācakṣate parokṣāmidhāyakena śabdena | devānāmetadekatvaṃ nānātvaṃ ca |
anantānāṃ devānāṃ nivitsaṃkhyāviśaṣṭeṣvantarbhāvaḥ, teṣāmapi trayāstriśadādipūttarottareṣu yāvadekasmin prāṇe |
prāṇasyaiva caikasya sarvo 'nantasaṅkhyāto vistaraḥ |
evamekaścānantaśca avāntarasaṃkhyāviśiṣṭaśca prāṇa eva |
tatra ca devasyaikasya nāmarūpakarnaguṇaśaktimedaḥ, adhikāramedāt || 9 ||
idānīṃ tasyaiva prāṇasya brahmaṇaḥ punaraṣṭadhā meda upadiśyate-

pṛthivy eva yasyāyatanam agnir loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ śārīraḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | amṛtam iti hovāca ||

10. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person (or god) whose dwelling (body) is the earth, whose sight (world) is fire, whose mind is light,--the principle of every (living) self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. This corporeal (material, earthy) person, "he is he." But tell me 1, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ (deity)?'
Sâkalya replied: 'The Immortal.'

pṛthivyeva yasya devasyāyatanamāśrayaḥ, agnirloko yasya - lokayatyaneneti lokaḥ, paśyatīti - agninā paśyatītyarthaḥ | manojyotiḥ manasā jyotiṣā saṃkalpavikalpādikāryaṃ karoti yaḥ, so 'yaṃ manojyotiḥ | pṛthivīśarīro 'gnidarśano manasā saṃkalpayitā pṛthivyabhimānī kāryakaraṇasaṃghātavān deva ityarthaḥ | ya evaṃ viśiṣṭaṃ vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyād vijānīyāt sarvasyātmana ādhyātmikasya kāryakaraṇasaṃghātasya ātmanaḥ paramayanaṃ para āśrayastaṃ parāyaṇam | mātṛjena tvaṅmāṃsarudhirarūpeṇa kṣetrasthānīyena bījasthānīyasya pitṛjasya asthimajjāśukrarūpasya paramayanam, karaṇātmanaśca, sa vai veditā syāt | ya etadevaṃ vetti sa vai veditā paṇḍitaḥ syādityābhiprāyaḥ | yājñavalkya tvaṃ tamajānanneva paṇḍitābhimānītyamiprāyaḥ | yadi tadvijñāne pāṇḍityaṃ labhyate, veda vai ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yamāttha yaṃ kathayasi tamahaṃ veda | tatra śākalyasya vacanaṃ draṣṭyam-yadi tvaṃ vettha taṃ puruṣam, brūhikiṃviśeṣaṇo 'sau? saḥ-ya evāyaṃ śārīraḥ- pārdhivāṃśe śarīre bhavaḥ śārīro mātṛjakośatrayarūpa ityarthaḥ, sa e, devaḥ, yastvayā pṛṣṭaḥ, he śākalya | kintvasti tatra vaktavyaṃ viśeṣaṇāntaram, tad vadaiva pṛcchaivetyarthaḥ, he śākalya |
sa evaṃ prakṣobhito 'marpavaśaga āha-tottrādinta iva gajaḥ- tasya devasya śarīrasya kā devatā? yasmānniṣpadyate yaḥ sā tasya devatetyasmin prakaraṇe vivakṣitaḥ;amṛtamiti hovāca |
amṛtamiti yo bhuktasyānnasya raso mātṛjasya lohitasya niṣpattihetuḥ |
tasmādvayannarasāllohitaṃ niṣpadyate striyāṃ śritam, tataśca lohitamayaṃ śarīraṃ bījāśrayam |
samānamanyat || 10 ||

kāma eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ kāmamayaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | striya iti hovāca ||

11. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is love (a body capable of sensual love), whose sight is the heart, whose mind is light.--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. This love-made (loving) person, he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'The women.'

kāma eva yasyāyatanam |
strīvyatikārābhilāṣaḥ kāmaḥ kāmaśarīra ityarthaḥ |
hradayaṃ lokohradayena budvayā paśyati |
ya evāyaṃ kāmamayaḥ puruṣo 'dhyātmamapi kāmamaya eva |
tasya kā devateti striya iti hovāca;strīto hi kāmasya dīptirjīyate || 11 ||

rūpāṇy eva yasyāyatanaṃ cakṣur loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāsāv āditye puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | satyam iti hovāca ||

12. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling are the colours, whose sight is the eye, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. That person in the sun, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'The True.'

rūpāṇyeva yasyāyatanam |
rūpāṇi śuklakṛṣṇādīni |
ya evāsāvāditye puruṣaḥ- sarveṣāṃ hi rūpāṇāṃ viśiṣṭaṃ kāryamāditye puruṣaḥ tasya kā devateti? satyāmiti hovāca |
satyāmiti cakṣurucyate, cakṣuṣo hyavyātmataḥ ādityasyādhidaivatasya niṣpatti || 12 ||

ākaśa eva yasyāyatanaṃ śrotraṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyam śrautaḥ prātiśrutkaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣa | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | diśa iti hovaca ||

13. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is ether, whose sight is the ear, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The person who hears and answers, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Space.'

ākāśa eva yasyāyatanam ya evāyaṃ śrotro bhavaḥ śrotraḥ, tatrāpi pratiśravaṇavelāyāṃ viśeṣato bhavatīti prātiśrutkaḥ, tasya kādevateti? diśa iti hovāca |
digbhyo hyasāvādhyātmiko niṣpadyate || 13 ||

tama eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ chāyāmayaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | mṛtyur iti hovāca ||

14. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is darkness, whose sight is the heart, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The shadowy person, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Death.'

tama eva yasyāyatanam |
tama iti śārvadyandhakāraḥ parigṛhyate |
adhyātmaṃ chāyāmayo 'jñānamayaḥ puruṣaḥ |
tasya kā devateti? mṛtyuriti hovāca |
mṛtyurapidaivataṃ tasya niṣpattikāraṇam || 14 ||

rūpāṇy eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyam ādarśe puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | satyam iti hovāca ||

15. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling are (bright) colours, whose sight is the eye, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The person in the looking-glass, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Vital breath' (asu).

rūpāṇyeva yasyāyatanam |
pūrva sādhārāni rūpāṇyuktāni, iha tu prakāśakāni viśiṣṭāni rūpāṇi gṛhyante |
rūpāyatanasya devasya viśeṣāyatanaṃ pratibimbādhāramādarśādi tasya kā devateti? asuriti hovāca |
tasya pratibimbākhyasya puruṣasya niṣpattirasoḥ prāṇāt || 15 ||

āpa eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ apsu puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | varuṇa iti hovāca ||

16. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is water, whose sight is the heart, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The person in the water, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Varuna.'

āpa eva yasya āyatanam |
sādhāraṇāḥ sarvā āpa āyatanaṃ vāpīkūpataḍāgādyāśrayāsvapsu viśeṣāvasthānam |
tasya kā devateti? varuṇa iti;varuṇāt saṅghātakarñyodhyātmamāpa eva vāpyādyapaṃ niṣpattikāraṇam || 16 ||

reta eva yasyāyatanaṃ hṛdayaṃ loko mano jyotir yo vai taṃ puruṣaṃ vidyāt sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ sa vai veditā syāt | yājñavalkya veda vā ahaṃ taṃ puruṣaṃ sarvasyātmanaḥ parāyaṇaṃ yam āttha | ya evāyaṃ putramayaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eṣaḥ | vadaiva śākalya tasya kā devateti | prajāpatir iti hovāca ||

17. Sâkalya said: 'Whosoever knows that person whose dwelling is seed, whose sight is the heart, whose mind is light,--the principle of every self, he indeed is a teacher, O Yâgñavalkya.'
Yâgñavalkya replied: 'I know that person, the principle of every self, of whom thou speakest. The filial person, "he is he." But tell me, Sâkalya, who is his devatâ?'
Sâkalya replied: 'Pragâpati.'

reta eva yasyāyatanam |
ya evāyaṃ putramayo viśeṇāyatanaṃ reta āyatanasya, putrasya iti ca asthimañjāśukāṇi piturjātāni |
tasya kā devateti? prajāpatiriti hovāca |
prajñāpatiḥ pitocyate, pitṛto hi putrasyotpattiḥ || 17 ||
aṣṭakā devalokapuruṣabhedena tridhā tridhā ātmānaṃ pravibhajyāvasthita ekaiko devaḥ prāṇabheda evopāsanārtha vyapadiṣṭaḥ | adhunā digvibhāgena pañcadhā pravibhaktasya ātmānayupasaṃhārārthamāha | tūṣṇīmbhūtaṃ śākalyaṃ yājñavalkyo graheṇevāveśayannāha -

śākalyeti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | tvāṃ svid ime brāhmaṇā aṅgārāvakṣayaṇam akratā3 iti ||

18. Yâgñavalkya said: 'Sâkalya, did those Brâhmanas (who themselves shrank from the contest) make thee the victim 1?'
Sâkalya said: 'Yâgñavalkya, because thou hast decried the Brâhmanas of the Kuru-Pañkâlas, what Brahman dost thou know?'

śākalyeti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ |
tvāṃ sviditi vitarke, ime nūnaṃ brāhmaṇāḥ, aṅgārāvakṣaṇam - aṅgārā avakṣīyante yasmin sandaṃśādau tadaṅgārāvakṣaṇam - tadā nūnaṃ tvāmakrata kṛtavanto brāhmaṇāḥ, tvaṃ tu tanna budhyase ātmānaṃ mayā dahyamānam ityabhiprāyaḥ || 18 ||

yājñavalkyeti hovāca śākalyaḥ | yad idaṃ kurupañcālānāṃ brāhmanān atyavādīḥ kiṃ brahma vidvān iti | diśo veda sadevāḥ sapratiṣṭhā iti | yad diśo vettha sadevāḥ sapratiṣṭhāḥ ||

19. Yâgñavalkya said: 'I know the quarters with their deities and their abodes.'
Sâkalya said: 'If thou knowest the quarters with their deities and their abodes,

yājñavalkyeti hovāca śākalyaḥ - yadidaṃ kuruṣañcalānāṃ brāhmaṇānatyavādīḥ - atyuktavānasi - svayaṃ bhītāstvāmaṅgārāvakṣayaṇaṃ kṛtavanta iti - kiṃ brahma vidvān sannevamadhikṣipasi brāhmaṇān? yājñavalkya āha - brahma vijñānaṃ tāvadidaṃ mama, kiṃ tat? diśo veda digviṣayaṃ vijñānaṃ jāne |
tacca na kvalaṃ diśa, eva, sadevā devaiḥ saha digadhiṣṭhātṛbhiḥ, kiñca sapratiṣṭhitāḥ pratiṣṭhābhiśca saha |
itara āha - yad yadi diśo vettha sadevāḥ, sapratiṣṭhā iti, saphalaṃ yadi vijñānaṃ tvayā pratijñātam || 19 ||

kiṃdevato 'syāṃ prācyāṃ diśy asīti | ādityadevata iti | sa ādityaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | cakṣuṣīti | kasmin nu cakṣuḥ pratiṣṭhitam iti | rūpeṣv iti | cakṣuṣā hi rūpāṇi paśyati | kasmin nu rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitānīti | hṛdaya iti hovāca | hṛdayena hi rūpāṇi jānāti | hṛdaye hy eva rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitāni bhavantīti | evam evaitad yājñavalkya ||

20. 'Which is thy deity in the Eastern quarter?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Âditya (the sun).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Âditya abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the eye.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the eye abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the colours, for with the eye he sees the colours.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what then do the colours abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart, for we know colours by the heart, for colours abide in the heart.'
Sâkalya said: 'So it is indeed, O Yâgñavalkya.'

kindevataḥ kā devatāsya tava digbhṛtasya | asau hi yājñavalkyo hṛdayamātmānaṃ dikṣu pañcadhā vibhaktaṃ digātmabhūtam, taddvāreṇa sarvaṃ jagadātmatvenopagamya, ahamasmi digātmeti vyavasthitaḥ pūrvābhimukhaḥ - sapratiṣṭhāvacanād, yathā yājñavalkyasya pratijñā tathaiva pṛcchati - kindevatastvamasyāṃ diśyasīti | sarvatra hi vede yāṃ yāṃ devatādvapāste, ihaiva tadbhūtastāṃ tāṃ pratipadyata iti;tathā ca vakṣyati -'devo bhūtvā devānapyeti'(bṛ.u.4 | 1 | 2) iti | asyāṃ prācyāṃ kā devatā digātmanastavādhiṣṭhātrī, kayā devatayā tvaṃ prāpīdigrūpeṇa sampanna ityarthaḥ | itara āha - ādityadevata iti | prācyāṃ diśi mama ādityo devatā, so 'hamādityadevataḥ | sadevā ityetaduktam, sapratiṣṭhā iti tu vaktavyamityāha - sa ādityaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? cakṣuṣīti | adhyātmataścakṣuṣa ādityo niṣpanna iti hi mantrabrāhmaṇavādāḥ -"cakṣoḥ sūryo ajāyata" (yaju.31 | 12) "cakṣuṣa ādityaḥ"(ai.u.1 | 4) ityādayaḥ | kāryaṃ hi kāraṇe pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavati | kasminnu cakṣuḥ pratiṣṭhitamiti? rūpeṣviti;rūpagrahaṇāya hi rūpātmakaṃ cakṣu rūpeṇa prayuktam;yairhi rūpaiḥ prayuktaṃ tairātmagrahaṇāyārabdhaṃ cakṣuḥ saha prācyā diśā saha tatsthaiḥ sarvai rūpeṣu pratiṣṭhitam | cakṣuṣā saha prācī dik sarve rūpabhūtā, tāni ca kasminnu rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitānīti? hṛdaya iti hovāca | hṛdayārabdhāni rūpāṇi | rūpākāreṇa hi hṛdayaṃ pariṇatam |
yasmād hṛdayena hi rūpāṇi sarvo loko jānāti |
hṛdayamiti buddhimanaso ekīkṛtya nirdeśaḥ, tasmād hṛdaye hyeva rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitāni |
hṛdayena hi smaraṇaṃ bhavati rūpāṇāṃ vāsanātmanām;tasmād hṛdaye rūpāṇi pratiṣṭhitāni ityarthaḥ |
evamevaitad yājñavalkya || 20 ||

kiṃdevato 'syāṃ dakṣiṇāyāṃ diśy asīti | yamadevata iti | sa yamaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | yajña iti | kasmin nu yajñaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | dakṣiṇāyām iti | kasmin nu dakṣiṇā pratiṣṭhiteti | śraddhāyām iti | yadā hy eva śraddhatte 'tha dakṣiṇāṃ dadāti | śraddhāyāṃ hy eva dakṣiṇā pratiṣṭhiteti | kasmin nu śraddhā pratiṣṭhiteti | hṛdaya iti hovāca | hṛdayena hi śraddhām | hṛdaye hy eva śraddhā pratiṣṭhitā bhavatīti | evam evaitad yājñavalkya ||

21. Sâkalya said: 'Which is thy deity in the Southern quarter?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Yama.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Yama abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the sacrifice.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the sacrifice abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Dakshinâ (the gifts to be given to the priests).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Dakshinâ abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In Sraddhâ (faith), for if a man believes, then he gives Dakshinâ, and Dakshinâ truly abides in faith.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what then does faith abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart, for by the heart faith knows, and therefore faith abides in the heart.'
Sâkalya said: 'So it is indeed, O Yâgñavalkya.'

kindevato 'syāṃ dakṣiṇāyāṃ diśyasīti pūrvavat | dakṣiṇāyāṃ diśi kā devatā tatra? yamadevata iti, yamo devatā mama dakṣiṇādigbhūtasya | sa yamaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? yajña iti - yajñe kāraṇe pratiṣṭhito yamaḥ saha diśā | kathaṃ punaryajñasya kāryaṃ yamaḥ? ityucyate - ṛtvigbhirniṣpādito yajño dakṣiṇayā yajamānastebhyo yajñaṃ niṣkrīya tena yajñena dakṣiṇāṃ diśaṃ saha yamenābhijayati | tena yajñe yamaḥ kāryatvāt pratiṣṭhitaḥ saha dakṣiṇayā diśā | kasminnu yajñaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti? dakṣiṇāyāmiti - dakṣiṇayā sa na ṣkrīyate, tena dakṣiṇākāryaṃ yajñaḥ | kasminnu dakṣiṇā pratiṣṭhiteti? śraddhāyāmiti - śraddhā nāma ditsutvam āstikyabuddhibhaktisahitā | kathaṃ tasyāṃ pratiṣṭhitā dakṣiṇā? yasmād yadā hyeva śraddhatte 'tha dakṣiṇāṃ dadāti;nāśraddadhad dakṣiṇāṃ dadāti;tasmācchraddhāyāṃ hyeva dakṣiṇā pratiṣṭhiteti | kasminnu śraddhā pratiṣṭhiteti? hṛdaya iti hovāca - hṛdayasya hi vṛttiḥ śraddhā yasmāt, hṛdayena hi śraddhāṃ jānāti, vṛttiśca vṛttimati pratiṣṭhitā bhavati | tasmād hṛdaye hyeva śraddhā pratiṣṭhitā bhavatīti | evamevaitad yājñavalkya ||21 || ||

kiṃdevato 'syāṃ pratīcyāṃ diśy asīti | varuṇadevata iti | sa varuṇaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | apsv iti | kasmin nv āpaḥ pratiṣṭhitā iti | retasīti | kasmin nu retaḥ pratiṣṭhitam iti | hṛdaya iti | tasmād api pratirūpaṃ jātam āhur hṛdayād iva sṛpto hṛdayād iva nirmita iti | hṛdaye hy eva retaḥ pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavatīti | evam evaitad yājñavalkya ||

22. Sâkalya said: 'Which is thy deity in the Western quarter?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Varuna.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Varuna abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the water.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the water abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the seed.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what does the seed abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart. And therefore also they say of a son who is like his father, that he seems as if slipt from his heart, or made from his heart; for the seed abides in the heart.'
Sâkalya said: 'So it is indeed, O Yâgñavalkya.'

kingadevato 'syāṃ pratīcyāṃ diśyasīti? tasyāṃ varuṇo 'dhidevatā mama | sa varuṇaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? apsviti - apāṃ hi varuṇaḥ kāryam,"śraddhā vā āpaḥ" "śraddhāto varuṇamasṛjata"iti śruteḥ | kasminnvāpaḥ pratiṣṭhitā iti? retasīti -"retaso hyāpaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ"iti śruteḥ | kasminni retaḥ pratiṣṭhitamiti? hṛdaya iti - yasmād hṛdayasya kāryaṃ retaḥ |
kāmo hṛdayasya vṛttiḥ kāmino hi hṛdayādreto 'dhiskandati |
tasmādapi pratirūpamanurūpaṃ putraṃ jātamāhurlokikāḥ - asya piturhṛdayādivāyaṃ putraḥ supto viniḥsṛtaḥ, hṛdayādiva nirmito yathā suvarṇena nirmitaḥ kuṇḍalaḥ |
tasmāt hṛdaye hyeva retaḥ pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavatīti |
evamevaitat yājñavalkya ||22..||

kiṃdevato 'syām udīcyāṃ diśy asīti | somadevata iti | sa somaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | dīkṣāyām iti | kasmin nu dikṣā pratiṣṭhiteti | satya iti | tasmād api dīkṣitam āhuḥ satyaṃ vadeti | satye hy eva dīkṣā pratiṣṭhiteti | kasmin nu satyaṃ pratiṣṭhitam iti | hṛdaya iti hovāca | hṛdayena hi satyaṃ jānāti | hṛdaye hy eva satyaṃ pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavatīti | evam evaitad yājñavalkya ||

23. Sâkalya said: 'Which is thy deity in the Northern quarter?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Soma.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Soma abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Dîkshâ.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Dîkshâ abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the True; and therefore they say to one who has performed the Dîkshâ, Speak what is true, for in the True indeed the Dîkshâ abides.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what does the True abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart, for with the heart do we know what is true, and in the heart indeed the True abides.'
Sâkalya said: 'So it is indeed, O Yâgñavalkya.'

kindevato 'syāmudīcyāṃ diśyasīti? somadevata iti - soma iti latāṃ somaṃ devatāṃ caikīkṛtya nirdeśaḥ |
sa somaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? dīkṣāyāmiti - dīkṣito hi yajamānaḥ somaṃ krīṇāti, krītena someneṣṭvā jñānavānuttarāṃ diśaṃ pratipadyate somadevatādhiṣṭhitāṃ saumyām |
kasminnu dīkṣā pratiṣṭhiteti!satya iti;katham? yasmāt satye dīkṣā pratiṣṭhitā, tasmādapi dīkṣitamāhuḥ - satyaṃ vadeti;kāraṇabhreṣo kāryabhreṣo mā bhūditi;satye hyeva dīkṣā pratiṣṭhitamiti? hṛdaya iti hovāca;hṛdayena hi satyaṃ jānāti;tasmād hṛdaye hyeva satyaṃ pratiṣṭhitaṃ bhavatīti |
evamevaitad yājñavalkya || 23 ||

kiṃdevato 'syāṃ dhruvāyāṃ diśy asīti | agnidevata iti | so 'gniḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti | vācīti | kasmin nu vāk pratiṣṭhiteti | hṛdaya iti | kasmin nu hṛdayaṃ pratiṣṭhitam iti ||

24. Sâkalya said: 'Which is thy deity in the zenith?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'Agni.'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does that Agni abide.'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In speech.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what does speech abide
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the heart.'
Sâkalya said: 'And in what does the heart abide?'

kindevato 'syāṃ diśyasīti | meroḥ samantato vasatāmavyabhicārādūrdhvā dig dhruvetyucyate | agnidevata iti - ūrdhvāyāṃ hi prakāśabhūyastvam, prakāśaścāgniḥ | so 'gniḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhita iti? vācīti | kasminni vāk pratiṣṭhiteti? hṛdaya iti |
tatra yājñavalkyaḥ sarvāsu dikṣu vipasṛtena hṛdayena sarvāṃ diśa ātmatvenābhisampannaḥ;sadevāḥ sapratiṣṭhitā diśa ātmabhūtāstasya nāmarūpakarmātmabhūtasya yājñavalkyasya |
yad rūpaṃ tat prācyā diśā saha hṛdayabhūtaṃ yājñavalkyasya |
yat kevalaṃ karma putrotpādanalakṣaṇaṃ ca yānasahitaṃ ca sahaphenādhiṣṭhātrībhiśca devatābhirdakṣiṇāpratīcyudīcyaḥ karmaphalātmikā hṛdayameva āpannāstasya, dhruvayā diśā saha nāma sarvaṃ vāgdvāreṇa hṛdayameva āpannam |
etāvaddhīdaṃ sarvam, yaduta rūpaṃ vā karma vā nāma veti tat sarvaṃ hṛdayameva, tat sarvātmakaṃ hṛdayaṃ pṛcchyate - kasminnu hṛdayaṃ pratiṣṭhitamiti || 24 ||

ahalliketi hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ | yatraitad anyatrāsman manyāsai | yad dhy etad anyatrāsmat syāc chvāno vainad adyur vayāṃsi vainad vimathnīrann iti ||

25. Yâgñavalkya said: 'O Ahallika, when you think the heart could be anywhere else away from us, if it were away from us, the dogs might eat it, or the birds tear it.'

ahalliketi hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ, nāmāntareṇa sambodhanaṃ kṛtavān |
yatra yasminkāle, etad hṛdayamātmāsya asmadasmatto vartata iti manyāsai manyase - yaddhi yadi hyetad hṛdayamanyatrāsmat syād bhavet, śvānau vainaccharīraṃ tadā adyuḥ, vayāṃsi vā pakṣiṇo vainad vimathnīran viloḍayeyuḥ vikarperanniti |
tasmānmayi śarīre hṛdayaṃ pratiṣṭhitamityarthaḥ |
śarīrasyāpi nāmarūpakarmātmakatvāt hṛdaye pratiṣṭhitatvam || 25 ||
hṛdayaśarīrasyorevamanyenyapratiṣṭhoktā kāryakaraṇayoḥ atastvāṃ pṛcchāmi -

kasmin nu tvaṃ cātmā ca pratiṣṭhitau stha iti | prāṇa iti | kasmin nu prāṇaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | apāna iti | kasmin nv apānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | vyāna iti | kasmin nu vyānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | udāna iti | kasmin nūdānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti | samāna iti | sa eṣa neti nety ātmā | agṛhyo na hi gṛhyate | aśīryo na hi śīryate | asaṅgo na sajyate | asito na vyathate | na riṣyati | etāny aṣṭāv āyatanāny aṣṭau lokā add. aṣṭau devā aṣṭau puruṣāḥ | sa yas tān puruṣān niruhya pratyuhyātyakrāmat taṃ tvaupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmi | taṃ cen me na vivakṣyasi mūrdhā te vipatiṣyatīti | taṃ ha na mene śākalyas | tasya ha mūrdhā vipapāta | api hāsya parimoṣiṇo 'sthīny apajahrur anyan manyamānāḥ ||

26. Sâkalya said: 'And in what dost thou (thy body) and the Self (thy heart) abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Prâna (breath).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Prâna abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: In the Apâna (down-breathing).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Apâna abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Vyâna (back-breathing ).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Vyâna-abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Udâna (the out-breathing).'
Sâkalya said: 'In what does the Udâna abide?'
Yâgñavalkya said: 'In the Samâna. That Self (âtman) is to be described by No, no 1! He is incomprehensible, for he cannot be (is not) comprehended; he is imperishable, for he cannot perish; he is unattached, for he does not attach himself; unfettered, he does not suffer, he does not fail.' 'These are the eight abodes (the earth, &c.), the eight worlds (fire, &c.), the eight gods (the immortal food, &c.), the eight persons (the corporeal, &c.) He who after dividing and uniting these persons, went beyond (the Samâna), that person, taught in the Upanishads, I now ask thee (to teach me). If thou shalt not explain him to me, thy head will fall.'
Sâkalya did not know him, and his head fell, nay, thieves took away his bones, mistaking them for something else.

kasminnu tvaṃ ca śarīramātmā ca tava hṛdayaṃ pratiṣṭhitau stha iti? prāṇa iti;dehātmānau prāṇe pratiṣṭhitau syātāṃ prāṇavṛttau | kasminnu prāṇāḥ pratiṣṭhita iti apāna iti - sāpi prāṇavṛttiḥ prāgeva preyāt apānavṛttyā cenna nigṛhyeta | kasminnvapānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti? vyāna iti - sāpyapānavṛttiradha eva yāyāt prāṇavṛttiśca prāgeva, madhyasthayā cedvyānavṛttyā na nigṛhyeta | kasminnu vyānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti? udāna iti - sarvāstisro 'pi vṛttaya udāne kīlasthānīye cenna niruddhā, viṣvageveyuḥ | kasminnūdānaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti? samāna iti - samānapratiṣṭhā hyetāḥ sarvā vṛttayaḥ | etaduktaṃ bhavati - śarīrahṛdayavāyavo 'nyonyapratiṣṭhāḥ, saṅghātena niṣatā vartante vijñānamayārthaprayuktā iti | sarvametad yena niyataṃ yasmin pratiṣṭhitamākāśāntamotaṃ ca protaṃ ca, tasya nirupādhikasya sākṣādaparokṣād brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ katavya ityayamārambhaḥ | sa eṣaḥ - sayo netinetīti nirdiṣṭo madhukāṇḍe, eṣa saḥ | so 'yamātmāgṛhyo na gṛhyaḥ | katham? yasmāt sarvakāryadharmātītaḥ, tasmādagṛhyaḥ | kutaḥ? yasmānna hi gṛhyate | yaddhi karaṇagocaraṃ vyākṛtaṃ vastu, tad grahaṇagocaram. idaṃ tu tadviparītamātmatattvam | tathāśīryaḥ;yaddhi mūrtaṃ saṃhataṃ śarīrādi tacchīryate;ayaṃ tu tadviparīto 'to na hi śīryate | tathāsaṅgo mūrto mūrtāntareṇa sambadhyamānaḥ sajyate 'yaṃ ca tadviparīto 'to na hi sajyate | tathāsito 'baddhaḥ, yaddhi mūrta tad vadhyate;ayaṃ tu tadviparītatvādabaddhatvānna vyathate, ato na riṣyati - grahaṇaviśaraṇasambandhakāryadharmarahitatvānna riṣyati na hiṃsāmāpadyate na vinaśyatītyarthaḥ | kramamatikramya aupaniṣadasya puruṣasya ākhyāyikāto 'pasṛtya śrutyā svena rūpeṇa tvarayā nirdeśaḥ kṛtaḥ, tataḥ punarākhyāyikāmevāśrityāha - etāni yānyuktānyaṣṭāvāyatanāni'pṛthivyeva yasyāyatanam'ityevamādīni, aṣṭau lokā agnilokādayaḥ, aṣṭau devāḥ amṛtamiti hovāca ityevamādayaḥ, aṣṭau puruṣāḥ śarīraḥ puruṣaḥ, ityādayaḥ, sa yaḥ kaścit tān puruṣāñśārīraprabhṛtīn niruhya niścayenohya garmayitvāṣṭacatuṣkabhedena lokasthitimupapādyaḥ, punaḥ prācīdigādidvāreṇa pratyuhya upasaṃhṛtya svātmani hṛdaye 'tyakrāmadatikrāntavānupādhidharma hṛdayādyātmatvam;svenaivātmanā vyavasthito ya aupaniṣadaḥ puruṣo 'śanāyādivarjitaḥ upaniṣatsveva vijñeyo nānyapramāṇagamyaḥ, taṃ tvā tvāṃ vidyābhimāninaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmi | taṃ ced yadi me na vivakṣyasi vispaṣṭaṃ na kathayiṣyasi, mūrdhā te vipatiṣyatītyāha yājñavalkyaḥ | taṃ tvaupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ śākalyo na mene ha na vijñātavān kila tasya ha mūrdhā vipapāta vipatitaḥ | samāptākhyāyakā | śrutevacanaṃ taṃ ha na mena ityādi | kiṃ cāpi hāsya parimoṣiṇastaskarā asthīnyapi saṃskārārtha śiṣyenīyamānāni gṛhān pratyapajahaḥ-apahratavantaḥ kinnimittam? anyad dhanaṃ nīyamānaṃ manyamānāḥ | pūrvavṛttā hyākhyāyikeha sūcitā |
aṣṭādhyāya kila śākalyena yājñavalkyasya samānānta eva kila saṃvādo nivṛttaḥ;tatra yājñavalkyena śāpo dattaḥ-pure 'tithye mariṣyasi na te 'sthīni ca na gṛhān prāpsyantīti |
sa ha tathaiva mamāra |
tasya hāpyanvaḥ manyamānāḥ parimoṣiṇo 'thīnyapajahaḥ;tasmānnopavādī syāduta hyevaṃvit paro bhavatīti |
saipā ākhyāyikā ācārārtha sūcitā vidyāstutaye ceha || 26 ||
yasya neti, netītyanyapratiṣedhadvāreṇa brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ kṛtaḥ, tasya vidhimukhena kathaṃ nirdeśaḥ kartavyaḥ, iti punarākhyāyikāmeva āśrityāha mūlaṃ ca jagato vaktavyamiti | ākhyāyikāsambandhastvavrahyavido brāhmaṇāñjitvā godhanaṃ irtavyamiti | nyāyaṃ matvāha--

atha hovāca -- brāhmaṇā bhagavanto yo vaḥ kāmayate sa mā pṛcchatu | sarve vā mā pṛcchata | yo vaḥ kāmayate taṃ vaḥ pṛcchāmi sarvān vā vaḥ pṛcchāmīti | te ha brāhmaṇā na dadhṛṣuḥ ||

27. Then Yâgñavalkya said: 'Reverend Brâhmanas, whosoever among you desires to do so, may now question me. Or question me, all of you. Or whosoever among you desires it, I shall question him, or I shall question all of you. But those Brâhmanas durst not (say anything).

atha hovāca |
athānantaraṃ tūṣṇīmbhūteṣu brāhmaṇeṣu hovāca, he brāhemaṇā bhagavanta ityevaṃ sambodhya-yo vo yuṣmākaṃ madhye kāmayate icchati-yājñavalkyaṃ pṛcchāmīti, sa mā māmāgatya pṛcchat;sarve vā mā pṛcchata- sarve vā yūyaṃ mā māṃ pṛcchata |
yo vaḥ kāmayate yājñavalkyo māṃ pṛcchatviti, taṃ vaḥ pṛcchami;sarvān vā vo yuṣmānahaṃ pṛcchāmi |
te ha brāhmaṇā na dadhṛṣuḥ-te brāhmaṇā evamuktā api na pragalbhāḥ saṃvṛttāḥ kiñcidapi pratyuttaraṃ vaktum || 27 ||

tān haitaiḥ ślokaiḥ papraccha -- yathā vṛkṣo vanaspatis tathaiva puruṣo 'mṛṣā | tasya lomāni parṇāni tvag asyotpāṭikā bahiḥ ||
tvaca evāsya rudhiraṃ prasyandi tvaca utpaṭaḥ | tasmāt tad ātṛṇṇāt praiti raso vṛkṣād ivāhatāt ||
māṃsāny asya śakarāṇi kināṭaṃ snāva tat sthiram | asthīny antarato dāruṇi majjā majjopamā kṛtā ||
yad vṛkṣo vṛkṇo rohati mūlān navataraḥ punaḥ | martyaḥ svin mṛtyunā vṛkṇaḥ kasmān mūlāt prarohati ||
retasa iti mā vocata jīvatas tat prajāyate | dhānāruha iva vai vṛkṣo 'ñjasā pretya sambhavaḥ ||
yat samūlam āvṛheyur vṛkṣaṃ na punar ābhavet | martyaḥ svin mṛtyunā vṛkṇaḥ kasmān mūlāt prarohati ||
jāta eva na jāyate ko nv enaṃ janayet punaḥ | vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma rātir dātuḥ parāyaṇam ||
tiṣṭhamānasya tadvida iti ||

28. Then Yâgñavalkya questioned them with these Slokas:
1. 'As a mighty tree in the forest, so in truth is man, his hairs are the leaves, his outer skin is the bark.
2. 'From his skin flows forth blood, sap from the skin (of the tree); and thus from the wounded man comes forth blood, as from a tree that is struck.
3. 'The lumps of his flesh are (in the tree) the layers of wood, the fibre is strong like the tendons. The bones are the (hard) wood within, the marrow is made like the marrow of the tree.
4. 'But, while the tree, when felled, grows up again more young from the root, from what root, tell me, does a mortal grow up, after he has been felled by death?5. 'Do not say, "from seed," for seed is produced from the living; but a tree, springing from a grain, clearly rises again after death.
6. 'If a tree is pulled up with the root, it will not grow again; from what root then, tell me, does a mortal grow up, after he has been felled by death?
7. 'Once born, he is not born (again); for who should create him again?'
'Brahman, who is knowledge and bliss, he is the principle, both to him who gives gifts, and also to him who stands firm, and knows.'

teṣu apragalbhabhūteṣu brāhmaṇeṣu tān haitairvakṣyamāṇaiḥ ślokaiḥ papraccha pṛṣṭavān |
yathā loke vṛkṣo vanaspatiḥ, vṛkṣasya viśeṣaṇaṃ vanaspatiriti, tathaiva puruṣo 'mṛpā-amṛpā satyametat-tasya lomāni;tasya puruṣasya lomānītarasya vanaspateḥ parṇāni;tvagasyotpāṭikā vahiḥ-tvagasya puruṣasya itarasyotpāṭikā vanaspateḥ || 1 ||
tvaca eva sakāśādasya puruṣasya rudhiraṃ prasyandi, vanaspateratvaca utpaṭaḥ-tvaca evotsphuṭati yasmāt;evaṃ sarvaṃ samānameva vanaspateḥ puruṣasya ca;tasmād ātṛṇṇāt hisitāt prati tad rudhiraṃ nirgacchati vṛkṣādivāhatācchinnād rasaḥ || 2 ||
evaṃ māṃsānyasya puruṣasya, vanaspatesyāni śakarāṇi śakalānītyarthaḥ |
kināṭaṃ vṛkṣasya, kināṭaṃ nāma śakalebhyo 'bhyantaraṃ valkalarūpaṃ kāṣṭhasaṃlagnam, tat snāva puruṣasya;tat sthiram-tacca kināṭaṃ snāvavad dṛḍhaṃ hi tat;asthīni puruṣasya, snāvno 'ntarato 'sthīni bhavanti;tathā kināṭasyābhyantarato dāruṇi kāṣṭhāni;majjā, majjeva vanaspateḥ puruṣasya ca majjopamā kṛtā, majjāyā upamāmajjopamā, nānyo viśeṣo 'stītyarthaḥ;yathā vanaspatermajjā tathā puruṣasya, yathā puruṣasya tathā vanaspateḥ || 3 ||
yad yadi vṛkṣo vṛkṇaśchinno rohati punaḥ punaḥ prarohatiprādurbhavati mūlāt punarnavataraḥ pūrvasmādabhinavataraḥ;yadetasmād viśeṇāt prāg vanaspateḥ puruṣasya ca, sarvaṃ sāmānyamavagatam;ayaṃ tu vanaspatau viśeṣo dṛśyate yacchinnasyaprarohaṇam;na tu puruṣe mṛtyunā vṛkṇe punaḥ prarohaṇaṃ dṛśyate;bhavitavyaṃ ca kutaścitprarohaṇena;tasmāda vaḥ pṛcchāmi-martyo manuṣyaḥ svinmṛtyunā vṛkṇaḥ kasmānmūlāt prarohati? mṛtasya puruṣasya kutaḥ prarohaṇamityarthaḥ || 4 ||
yadi cedevaṃ vadatha-retamaḥ prarohatīti, mā vocata maivaṃ vaṣatumarhatha;kasmāt? yasmājjīvataḥ puruṣāttad retaḥ prajāyate, na mṛtāt |
api ca dhānāruhaḥ, dhānā bījam, bījaruho |
pi vṛkṣo bhavati, na kevalaṃ kāṇḍaraha eva;ivaśabdo 'narthakaḥ, vai vṛkṣo 'jjasā sākṣāt pretya mṛtvāsambhavo dhānāto 'pi pretya sambhavo bhavedajjasā punarvanaspateḥ || 5 ||
yad yadi saha mūlena dhānyā vā āvṛheyurudyaccheparuyeyurvṛkṣam, na punarābhavet punarāgatya na bhavet |
tasmād vaḥ pṛcchāmi sarvasyaiva jagato mūlam sartyaḥ svinmṛtyunā vṛkṇaḥ kasmānmūlāt prarohati || 6 ||
jāta eva na jāyate ko nv enaṃ janayet punaḥ |
vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma rātir dātuḥ parāyaṇam ||
jāta eveti manyadhvaṃ yadi kimanna praṣṭavyamiti-aniṣyamāṇasya hi sambhavaḥ praṣṭavyaḥ, na jātasya, ayaṃ tu jāta evātopasmin viṣaye praśna eva nopa'dyata iti cet-na, kiṃ tarhi? mṛtaḥ punarapi jāyata evānyathākṛtābhyāgamakṛtanāśaprasaṅgāt;ato vaḥ pṛcchāmi-ko nvenaṃ mṛtaṃ punarjanayet? tatra vijajñurbrāhmaṇāḥ-yato mṛtaḥ punaḥ prarohati jagato mūlaṃ na vijñātaṃ brāhmaṇaiḥ;ato brahmiṣṭhatvād hratā gāvaḥ;yājñavalkyena jitābrāhmaṇāḥ | samāptā ākhyāyikā | yajjagato mūlam, yena ca śabdena sākṣād vyapadiśyate brahma, yad yājñavalkyo brāhmaṇān pṛṣṭavāṃstat svena rūpeṇa śrutirasyabhyamāha-vijñānaṃ vijñaptirvijñānam, tacca ānandam, na viṣayavijñānavad duḥkhānuvidvam, kiṃ tarhi? prasannaṃ śivamatulamanāyāsaṃnityatṛptame karasamityarthaḥ. kiṃ tad brahma umayaviśeṇavad rātiḥ-rāteḥ paṣṭhayatha prathamā, dhanasyetyarthaḥ, dhanasya dātuḥ karmakṛto yajamānasya parāyaṇaṃ parā gatiḥ karmaphalasya pradātṛ | kiñca vyutthāyaiṣaṇābhyasyasminneva brahmāṇi tiṣṭhatyakarmakṛt, tad brahma vettīti tadvicca;tasya-tiṣṭhamānasya ca tadvidaḥ, brahmavida ityarthaḥ, parāyaṇamiti | atredaṃ vicāryate-ānandaśabdo loke sukhavācī prasidvaḥ, atra ca brahmaṇo viśeṣaṇatvena ānandaśabdaḥ śrūyate-ānandaṃ brahmeti | śrutyantare ca-"ānando brahmeti vyajānāt""ānandaṃ brahmaṇo vidvān" "yadeṣa ākāśa ānando na syāta" "yo vai bhūmā tat sukham"iti ca;"eṣa parama ānandaḥ"ityevamādyāḥ | saṃvedye ca sukhe ānandaśabdaḥ prasidvaḥ brahmānandaśca yadi saṃvedyaḥ syād yuktā ete brahmaṇyānandaśabdāḥ | nanu ca śrutiprāmāṇyāt saṃvedyānandasvarūpameva brahma, kiṃ tatra vicāryam? iti na, virudvaśrutivākyadarśanāt--satyam, ānandaśabdo brahmaṇi śrūyate, vijñānapratiṣedhaścaikatve--"yatra tvasya sarvamātmaivābhūttatkena kaṃ paśyettatkena kaṃ vijānīyāt" "yatra nānyat paśyati nānyacchṛṇoti nānyadvijānāti sa bhūmā" "prājñenātmanā sampariṣvakto na bāhyaṃ kiñcana veda"ityādi;virudvaśrutivākyadarśanāt tena kartavyo vicāraḥ;tasmād yuktaṃ vedavākyarthanirṇayāya vicārayitum | mokṣavādivipratipatteśca-sāṃkhyā vaiśeṣikāśca mokṣavādino nāsti mokṣe sukhaṃ saṃvedyamityevaṃ vipratipannāḥ;anye nigtiśayaṃ sukhaṃ svasaṃvadyamiti;kiṃ tāvad yuktam? ānandādiśravaṇāt"jakṣatakrīḍan ramamāṇaḥ"'sayāda pitṛlokakāmo bhavata' "yaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvavit""sarvān kāmān samaśnute"ityādiśrutibhyo mokṣe sukhaṃ saṃvedyamiti | nanvekatve kārakavimāgamāvād vijñānānupapattiḥ, kriyāyāścāne kakārakrasādhyātvād vijñānasya ca kriyātvāt | naiṣa doṣaḥ;śabdaprāmāṇyād bhaved vijñānamānandaviṣaye;"vijñānamānandam"ityādīni ānandasvarūpasyāsaṃvedyatve 'nupapannāni vacanānītyavocāma | nanu vacanenāpyagneḥ śaityamudakasya cauṣbhyaṃ na kriyate eva, jñāpakatvād vacanānām | na ca deśāntare 'gniḥ śīta iti śakyate jñāpayitum;agamye vā deśāntare uṣṇamudakamiti | na, pratyagātmanyānandavijñānadarśanāt;na'vijñānamānandam'itvevamādīnāṃ vacanānāṃ śīto 'gnirityādivākyavat pratyakṣādivirudvārthapratipādakatvām | anubhūyate tvavirudvārthatā;sukhyahamiti sukhātmakamātmānaṃ svayameva vedayate;tasmāt sutarāṃ pratyakṣāvirudvārthatā;tasmādānandaṃ brahma vijñānātmakaṃ sat svayameva vedayate | tathā ānandapratipādikāḥ śrutayaḥ samañjasāḥ syuḥ'jakṣat krīḍan ramamāṇaḥ' ityevamādyāḥ pūrvoktāḥ | na, kāryakaraṇābhāve 'nupapattervijñānasya-śarīraviyogo hi mokṣa ātyantikaḥ;śarīrabhāve ca karaṇānupapattiḥ, āśrayābhāvāt;tataśca vijñānānupattiḥ, ākāryakaraṇatvāt;dehadyabhāve ca vijñānotpattau sarveṣāṃ kāryakaraṇopādānānarthakyaprasaṅgaḥ | ekatvavirodhācca-paraṃ ced brahma ānandātmakamātmānaṃ nityavijñānatvānnityameva vijānīyāt, tanna, saṃsāryapi saṃsāravinirmuktaḥ svābhāvyaṃ pratipadyeta;jalāśaya ivodakāñjaliḥ kṣipto na pṛthaktvena vyavatiṣṭhate ānandātmakabrahmavijñānāya, tadā mukta ānandātmakamātmānaṃ vedayate ityetadanarthakaṃ vākyam | atha brahmānandamanyāḥ san mukto vedayate, pratyagātmānaṃ ca, ahamasmyānandasvarūpa iti, tadaikatvavirodhaḥ, tathā ca sati sarvaśrutivirodhaḥ, tṛtīyā ca kalpanā nopapadyate | kiñcānyat, brahmaṇaśca nirantarātmānandavijñāne vijñānāvijñānakalpanānarthakyam;nirantaraṃ cedātmānandaviṣayaṃ brahmaṇo vijñānam, tadeva tasya svabhāva ityātmānandaṃ vijānātīti kalpanānupapannā;atadvijñānaprasaṅge hi kalpanāyā arthavattvam, yathā ātmānaṃ paraṃ ca vettīti, na hīṣvādyāsaktamanaso nairantaryeṇoṣujñānājñānakalpanāyā arthavattvam | atha vicchinnamātmānandaṃ vijānāti-vijñānasya ātmavijñānacchidre anyaviṣayatvaprasaṅgaḥ;ātmanaśya vikriyāvattvaṃ tataścānityatvaprasaṅgaḥ;tasmād vijñānamānandamiti svarūpānvākhyānaparaiva śrutiḥ, nātmānandasaṃvedyatvārtha |
'jakṣat krīḍan'ityādiśrutivirodho 'saṃvedyatva iti cet! na;sarvātmaikatve yathāprāptānuvāditvāt-muktasya sarvātmabhāve sati yatra kvacid yogiṣu deveṣu vā jakṣaṇādi prāptam, tad yathāprāptamevānūdyate-tattasyaiva sarvātmabhāvāditi sarvātmabhāvamokṣastutaye |
yathāprāptānuvaditve duḥkhitvamapīti cet-yogyādiṣu yathāprāptajakṣaṇādivat sthāvarādiṣu yathāprāptaduḥkhitvamapīti cet! na, nāmarūpakṛtakāryakaraṇopādhisamparkajanitabhrāntyadhyāropitatvāt sukhitvaduḥkhitvādiviśeṣasyeti parihratametat sarvam |
virudvaśrutīnāṃ ca viṣayamavocāma |
tasmāt"eṣo 'sya parama ānandaḥ"itivat sarvāṣyānandavākyāni draṣṭavyāni || 28 ||
iti tṛtīyādhyāye navamaṃ śākalyabrāhmaṇam ||1 ||
iti bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ Adhyāya 4
janako ha vaideha āsāñcakre | asya sambandhaḥ- śarīrādyānaṣṭau puruṣānniruhya, pratyuhya punarhṛdaye, digbhedanena ca punaḥ pañcadhā vyāhya, hṛdaye pratyūhya, hṛdayaṃ śarīraṃ ca punaranyonyapratiṣṭhaṃ prāṇādipaḍhtavṛtyātmake samānākhye jagadātmanu sūtra upasaṃhṛtya, jagadātmani sūtra upasaṃhṛtya, jagadātmānaṃśarīrahṛdayasūtrāvasthamatikrāntavān ya aupaniṣadaḥ puruṣo neti netīti vyapadiṣṭaḥ, sa sākṣāñcopādānakāraṇasvarūpeṇa ca nirdiṣṭaḥ 'vijñānamānandam' iti | tasyaiva vāgādidevatādvāreṇa punaradhigamaḥ kartavya ityadhigamanopāyāntarārtho 'yamārambho brāhmaṇadvayasya | ākhyāyikā tvācārapradarśanārthā-

FOURTH ADHYÂYA.

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Choose languages

Choose display