▪ Jeffery1938: »The word has no verbal root in Arabic, the verbs
ǧannada ‘to levy troops’ and
taǧannada ‘to be enlisted’ being obviously denominative, as indeed is evident from the treatment of the word in the Lexicons (cf.
LA, iv, 106). / It is clearly an Iranian borrowing through Aram as Fraenkel,
Vocab, 13, notes, on the authority of Lagarde,
GA, 24.
1
Phlv
gund, meaning an ‘army’ or ‘troop’,
2
is related to Skr
vṛinda3
and was borrowed on the one hand into Arm
gund ‘army’
4
and Kurdish
ǧwnd ‘village’, and on the other into Aram where we find the
gwndʔ of the Bab.Talmud, the Mnd
gwndʔ (Nöldeke,
Mand. Gramm. 75), and, with suppression of the weak
n, in Syr
gūdā. The word may possibly have come into Arabic directly from the Iranian, but the probabilities are that it was through Aram.
5
In any case it was an early borrowing, for the word is found in the old poetry, e.g. in al-ʔAʕšà (Geyer,
Zwei Gedichte, i, 24 =
Dīwān, i, 56) and ʕAlqamaẗ.« ▪ …