▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl
average, from Ar
ʕawārīya ‘damaged goods’, from
ʕawār ‘blemish’, from
ʕawira ‘to become one-eyed, damaged’.
▪ Tu
avarya: from It
avaria ‘damage (esp. during transport by ship) < Ar
ʕawāriyyaẗ ‘damage, damaged freight\goods’ <
ʕawār ‘defective, damaged, rotten’ < vb.
ʕāra ‘to be disabled, faulty, defective’. First attested
1870 in Schlechta-Wssehrd,
Manuel terminologique français-turque : « [Fr]
Avarie: [Tu]
Hasarât-ı bahriye, âvârya » –
NişanyanSözlük_1Sep2020. – Ge
Havarie ‘Unfallschaden, Bruch’, from Ar
ʕawāriyyaẗ ‘goods\freight damaged by sea water’ <
ʕawār ‘defect, lack’ (cf. Ar
ʕawwara ‘to damage, spoil’). Maritime trade brought the word to It (
avaria) already by c.
1300, > oProv
avarias (pl.) ‘expenditure, costs’, oFr mFr
avaries (pl.) ‘charges levied on the transport of goods by sea, including for actual or potential damage’. From Fr is Du
averij and
haverij (made similar to Du
haven by folk etymology) ‘operating costs of shipping, damage suffered by ship and cargo during the voyage, and resulting costs’, borrowed l
C16 into nGe and NGe as
Haverye,
Haferye; in lit. lang. as
Havarie only during
C19; general for ‘accidental damage to vehicles and aircraft, damage and malfunctions to machines and equipment’ not earlier than
C20 –
DWDS_Pfeifer.
▪ Engl
average ‘any small charge over freight cost, payable by owners of goods to the master of a ship for his care of the goods; financial loss incurred through damage to goods in transit’, l
C15, from Fr
avarie ‘damage to ship’ and It
avaria. A word from
C12 Mediterranean maritime trade, of uncertain origin; sometimes traced to Ar
ʕawāriyyaẗ ‘damaged merchandise’. Du
avarij, Ge
haferei, etc., also are from Romanic languages. [...] The meaning developed to ‘equal sharing of loss by the interested parties’. Transferred sense of ‘statement of a medial estimate, proportionate distribution of inequality among all’ is first recorded
1735. The mathematical sense ‘a mean proportion arrived at by arithmetical calculation’ is from
1755. Sports sense, of batting, attested by
1845, originally in cricket –
EtymOnline. – Tu
averaj < Fr
average ‘sharing of costs of damage among partners in ship insurance’ (
C15), ‘arithmetic mean’ (
C18, suff.
‑age) < It
avariaggio ‘insurance statement’ < It
avaria ‘loss, damage in maritime trade’ < Ar
ʕawār (
ʕWR) ‘damage, fault, defect’; sense of ‘arithmetic middle’ is from
1938 (in
Cumhuriyet) :
Futbolun doğduğu memleket olan İngiltere’nin kullanmakta olduğu averaj şeklini –
NişanyanSözlük_6Nov2013.