yāqūt ياقُوت , pl. yawāqītᵘ
metaID 942 • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√YĀQŪT, YQT
engla precious stone, (syr.) ruby (min.) – WehrCowan1979.
concThe word is one of only 17 words in the Q which, ultimately, are of Grk origin. Cf. EALL (Gutas, “Greek Loanwords”): a loan from Syr yaqūnṭā that goes back to Grk ὑάκινθος hyákinthos ‘hyazinth’.
cognDRS 10 (2012)#YQNT: Aram yaqīnton, Syr yaqundā, Gz yākənt, Amh yakənt ‘hyacinthe (pierre précieuse)’
disc▪ Jeffery1938, 289: »It was very generally recognized as a loan-word from Pers.
1
Some Western scholars such as Freytag
2
have accepted this at face value, but the matter is not so simple, for the ModPers
yāqūt is from the Ar (Vullers,
Lex, ii, 1507), and the alternative form
yākand, like the Arm
yakownd, is from the Syr
yaqūndā.
3
– The ultimate source of the word is the Grk
hyákinthos, used as a flower name as early as the Iliad,
4
and which passed into the Sem languages, cf. Aram
YQYNṬWN 5
; Syr
yaqūntā, and into Arm as
yakintʽ.
6
It was from Syr
yaqūntā that the word passed into Eth [Gz] as
yākənt 7
and with dropping of the weak
n into Ar.
8
– It occurs in the old poetry (cf. Geyer,
Zwei Gedichte, i, 119), and thus must have been an early borrowing.«
1. al-Jawālīqī, Muʕarrab, 156; al-Ṯaʕālibī, Fiqh, 317; as-Suyūṭī, Itq, 325; Muṭaw, 47, 48; al-Khafāǧī, 216; TA, i, 598. 2. Lexicon, sub voc. 3. Nöldeke in Bessenberger’s Beiträge, iv, 63; Brockelmann, ZDMG, xlvii, 7. 4. Il, xiv, 348. Boissacq, 996, points out that the word is pre-Hellenic. 5. For other forms see Krauss, Griechische Lehnwörter, ii, 212. 6. Hübschmann, Arm. Gramm, i, 366. 7. Nöldeke, Neue Beiträge, 40. 8. Fraenkel, Vocab, 6; Fremdw, 61; Mingana, Syriac Influence, 90; Vollers, ZDMG, li, 305. Note also Parthian y'kwnd (Henning, BSOS, ix, 89).
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