ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√FRD
▪ FRD_1 ‘(to be) single, alone; to separate, single out’ ↗fard
▪ FRD_2 ‘tax, head tax, poll tax’ ↗firdaẗ
▪ FRD_3 ‘pistol’ ↗fard_[v11]♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘1 to be unique, be without peers; 2 aloneness, oneness, to be single; 3 to be separated, be without companions; 4 odd number’
▪ FRD_1 : protSem *PRD ‘to cut, separate, divide; single, alone; to separate, single out’ (Huehnergard2011: WSem *√PRD ‘to separate’), from pre-protSem 2-cons. root nucleus *PR- ‘to cut (a piece from). For details, cf. ↗fard
▪ FRD_2 : firdaẗ ‘tax, head tax, poll tax’ is with all likelihood an unemphatic var. of furdaẗ (with ḍ !), from ↗faraḍaẗ ‘to impose, make incumbent on, prescribe’
▪ FRD_3 : probably so called because of its single barrel, or because it can be used with one single hand
▪ Huehnergard (in AHDEL): From WSem *PRD ‘to separate’.
▪ According to Ehret1989#37, the root is an extension in ‘durative’ *-d from a pre-protSem 2-consonantal root nucleus *PR- ‘to cut (a piece from)’ > Ar ↗*FR-. For other extensions from the same pre-protSem *PR- see ↗faraǧa (farǧ) ‘to put asunder, separate, split’, ↗faraza (farz) ‘to separate, set apart, secrete, select’, ↗farasa (fars) ‘to break the neck, tear the prey into pieces’, ↗faraša (farš) ‘to spread on the floor, spread out’, ↗faršaḥa, var. faršaḫa, ‘to straddle, stand with one’s legs apart’, ↗furṣaẗ ‘chance, auspicious moment; holiday’ (i.e., s.th. that comes like a ‘cut’ in normal life), ↗furḍaẗ ‘notch, incision, opening’, ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to beat off, stripp off (fruits)’, ↗faraʕa (farʕ) ‘to prune a tree’, ↗faraqa (farq) ‘to split, separate’, ↗farama (farm) ‘to cut small, hash’, ↗farà (fary) ‘to cut, cleave, sever’; cf. also ↗farra (firār) ‘to flee, run away’, ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to escape inadvertedly, slip, get lost’, ↗faṭara (faṭr) ‘to split, cleave, break apart’, (fuṭūr) ‘to break the fast’.
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