▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ Jeffery1938, 111: »It [sc.
ḥikmaẗ] is clearly a technical word in the Qurʔān, being used in its original sense only in ii, 272, but applied to Luqmān (xxxi, 11), to David (ii, 252; xxxviii, 19), to the Prophet’s teaching (xvi, 126; liv, 5), to the Qurʔān (ii, 231; iv, 113; xxxiii, 34; lxii, 2), and used synonymously with ‘revealed book’ (iii, 43, 75, 158; iv, 57; v, 110; xvii, 41; xliii, 63). In connection with it should be noted also ↗
ḥakīm with its comparative
ʔaḥkamᵘ. – The root ḤKM is of wide use in Sem, but the sense of ‘wisdom’ appears to be a NSem development,
1
while the SSem use of the word is more in connection with the sense of ‘govern’. Thus in NSem we find Akk
ḫakmu ‘to know’; Hbr
ḥāḵam; Aram
ḥăḵam; Syr
ḥăḵam ‘to be wise’,
2
and
ḥkmh ‘wisdom’ in the Zenjirli inscription. Thus [Ar]
ḥikmaẗ and
ḥakīm3
seem undoubtedly to have been formed under Aram influence.
4
With
ḥikmaẗ compare Hbr
ḥāḵᵊmāh; Aram
ḥāḵᵊmṯā; Syr
ḥāḵᵊmṯā, and the Zenjirli
ḥkmh; and with
ḥakīm compare Aram
ḥăḵīm; Syr
ḥăḵīmā which as Horowitz,
KU, 72, notes, is common in the earliest Aram period. It is possible that the word came into use from SArabia, for we find
ḥkm in a Qat inscription published by Derenbourg,
5
and which Nielsen takes to be an epithet of the moon-god.«
▪ …