Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ǦZR_1 ‘to slaughter; to kill, butcher; massacre’ ↗ǧazara
▪ ǦZR_2 ‘to sink, fall, drop, ebb (water)’ ↗ǧazara
▪ ǦZR_3 ‘island; Algeria(n)’ ↗ǧazīraẗ, ǧazara
▪ ǦZR_4 ‘carrot(s)’ ↗ǧazar

▪ The variety of meanings within this root can be reduced to two basic values: [DRS#GZR-1] *‘to cut’ (Huehnergard2011: WSem *√GZR ‘to cut off, destroy’) and [DRS#GZR-2] *‘beet, carrot’. While the latter is probably of Pers origin, the former has developed along the lines ‘*to cut > [ǦZR_1] to slaughter > to butcher; to kill > massacre’ and ‘*to cut > to cut off (land from sea, etc.) > [ǦZR_3] island; [ǦZR_2] to drop, ebb (water)’. ‘Algeria’ is lit. *‘The Isles’.
▪ The complex that has the value *‘to cut’ at its basis seems to be an extension in *‑r of a bi-consonantal nucleus ↗*ǦZ- (also ↗*ǦḎ-, ↗*ǦD-) from which also other roots derive. Cf., in this context, especially the MSA items ↗ǧazza ‘to cut off, clip; to shear, shear off’ (also ↗ǧaḏḏa ‘to cut off, clip’), ↗ǧuzʔ ‘part’, ↗taǧazzaʕa ‘to break apart, break, snap’ (also ↗ǧadaʕa ‘to cut off, amputate’), ↗ǧizlaẗ ‘piece, slice’, ↗ǧazama ‘to off, cut short, clip; to judge, decide’ (also ↗ǧaḏama ‘to cut off, chop off, excise’).

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DRS 2 (1994)#GZR–1 Hbr gāzar ‘couper en deux; décider’, oAram gzr, EmpAram gzyr, gzr (?) ‘couper; conclure un pacte; ordonner(?)’, JP gᵉzar ‘tailler, couper, trancher, décider’, Mand gzar ‘couper, égorger, décider, condamner; circoncire’, Ar ǧazara ‘égorger, découper une pièce de boucherie’, SAr gzr ‘circoncire’, Soq gtzr ‘être moitié plein’, Gz gazara, Amh gäzzärä ‘circoncire’, Tña Te Amh gəzrät ‘circoncision’. – Syr gᵉzīrtā, Ar ǧazīraẗ, Gz gazirat ‘île’; Ar ǧazar ‘partie de la côté découverte à marée basse’, ǧazara ‘être à sec (marée, etc.)’. – Hbr *gāzar ‘manger (animal)’, Syr gezrā ‘proie’, Mand gizra ‘troupeau’, Ar ǧazar ‘animaux de boucherie’, Ar ǧazzār ‘boucher’, Śḥr eñgezrót ‘animal de boucherie, animal abattu’. –2 Syr gezārā ‘rave’, Mand gizar, Ar ǧazar, ǧizar ‘carotte’. [–3 and –4: not attested in Ar.]

▪ ǦZR_1-3: Huehnergard2011 reconstructs WSem *GZR ‘to cut off, destroy’.
▪ ǦZR_1-3: For the wider context of roots derived from related biconsonantal bases, cf. ↗ǦZ-, ↗ǦḎ-, ↗ǦD-.

▪ ǦZR_4: From Pers gazar ‘carrot(s)’ – DRS, Rolland2014. Cf. however Rolland2015, where the author believes the word to be a re-import, since Pers gazar ‘carrot(s) may be from Ar ↗ǧiḏr ‘root’.

▪ (Algeria, Algiers: ↗ǧazara.

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ǧazar‑ جَزَرَ
1 u (ǧazr); 2 i , u (ǧazr)

√ǦZR

vb., I

1 to slaughter; to kill, butcher (an animal). – 2 to sink, fall, drop, ebb (water) – WehrCowan1979.

▪ The 2 meanings of the vb. go both back to an original value *‘to cut’. From there, the semantics seem to have developed along two lines: 1 ‘*to cut > to slaughter > to butcher; to kill > massacre’, and 2 ‘*to cut > to cut off (land from sea, etc.) > island; to drop, ebb (water)’.
▪ al-Ǧazāʔir ‘Algeria’ is a pl. of the quasi-PP f. ǧazīraẗ, lit. *‘cut off (from land)’, hence ‘island’.
▪ Ar ǦZR is from WSem *GZR ‘to cut off, destroy’.
▪ Like its cognate roots in other Sem langs, ǦZR / GZR seems to be an extension in *‑R of a bi-consonantal nucleus ↗*ǦZ- (also ↗*ǦḎ-, ↗*ǦD-) from which also other roots derive. Cf., in this context, especially the MSA items ↗ǧazza ‘to cut off, clip; to shear, shear off’ (also ↗ǧaḏḏa ‘to cut off, clip’), ↗ǧuzʔ ‘part’, ↗taǧazzaʕa ‘to break apart, break, snap’ (also ↗ǧadaʕa ‘to cut off, amputate’), ↗ǧizlaẗ ‘piece, slice’, ↗ǧazama ‘to off, cut short, clip; to judge, decide’ (also ↗ǧaḏama ‘to cut off, chop off, excise’).

▪ …

DRS 2 (1994)#GZR-1 Hbr gāzar ‘couper en deux; décider’, oAram gzr, EmpAram gzyr, gzr (?) ‘couper; conclure un pacte; ordonner(?)’, JP gᵉzar ‘tailler, couper, trancher, décider’, Mand gzar ‘couper, égorger, décider, condamner; circoncire’, Ar ǧazara ‘égorger, découper une pièce de boucherie’, SAr gzr ‘circoncire’, Soq gtzr ‘être moitié plein’, Gz gazara, Amh gäzzärä ‘circoncire’, Tña Te Amh gəzrät ‘circoncision’. – Syr gᵉzīrtā, Ar ǧazīraẗ, Gz gazirat ‘île’; Ar ǧazar ‘partie de la côté découverte à marée basse’, ǧazara ‘être à sec (marée, etc.)’. – Hbr *gāzar ‘manger (animal)’, Syr gezrā ‘proie’, Mand gizra ‘troupeau’, Ar ǧazar ‘animaux de boucherie’, Ar ǧazzār ‘boucher’, Śḥr eñgezrót ‘animal de boucherie, animal abattu’.

See section CONCISE above.

▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl Algeria, Algiers, from Ar al-ǧazāʔir ‘the islands, Algeria’, pl. of al-ǧazīraẗ ‘the island’ (lit. *‘cut off, sc. from land’).

► ǧazr, n., 1 slaughter; butchering; 2 ebb (of the sea): vn. I.
► ǧazraẗ, n.f., blood sacrifice: n.un. of vn. I.
► ǧazūr, pl. ǧuzur, n., slaughter camel: quasi PP I.
► ǧazzār, pl. ‑ūn, n., butcher: n.prof.
► ǧizāraẗ, n.f., butcher’s trade, butchery: n. of profession.
► ^BP#1733ǧazīraẗ, pl. ǧuzur, rarely ǧazāʔirᵘ, n., island: quasi-PP I, lit. *‘the cut-off one’ | šibh ~, n., peninsula; al-~, the Jazira, (Northwest) Mesopotamia; al-Ǧazāʔir, n.prop.topon., Algeria; Algiers; ~ al-ʕarab, n., Arabia, the Arabian Peninsula; al-Ǧazāʔir al-Ḫālidāt, n.prop.topon., the Canary Islands; al-~ al-Ḫaḍrāʔ, n.prop.topon., Algeciras (seaport in SW Spain); ~ al-ʔamān, n., safety island.
► ǧazarī, adj., insular; (pl. ‑ūn) islander: nsb-adj. of ǧazīraẗ.
► ^BP#1663ǧazāʔirī, pl. ‑ūn, adj./n., Algerian (adǧ. and n.); islander: nsb-adj. of ǧazāʔir, pl. of ǧazīraẗ.
► maǧzir, pl. maǧāzirᵘ, n., slaughterhouse, abattoir; butchery: n.loc.
► ^BP#2347maǧzaraẗ, pl. maǧāzirᵘ, n., butchery; massacre, carnage: n.loc.

For ǧazar ‘carrot(s)’ see ↗s.v..

maǧzaraẗ مَجْزَرَة , pl. maǧāzirᵘ

√ǦZR

n.f.

1 butchery; 2 massacre, carnage – WehrCowan1979.

The word is a n.loc., formed from the vb. I ↗ǧazara, and thus literally means ‘place of slaughtering, butchering’. [v2] seems to be a modern development.

[v2]: earliest attestation needed.

↗ǧazara.

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ǧazar جَزَر

√ǦZR

n.coll.; (n.un. ‑aẗ)

carrot(s) – WehrCowan1979.

From Pers gazar ‘carrot(s)’ – DRS 2 (1994)#GZR-2, Rolland2014. Cf. however Rolland2015, where the author believes the word to be a re-import, since Pers gazar may be from Ar ↗ǧiḏr ‘root’.

▪ …

DRS 2 (1994)#GZR-2: Syr gezārā ‘rave’, Mand gizar, Ar ǧazar, ǧizar ‘carotte’.

▪ See section CONCISE, above.
▪ Rolland2015b thinks that Pers gazar probably is from Ar ↗ǧaḏr ‘root’ and Ar ǧazar < Pers gazar therefore is a case of re-import. This hypothesis presupposes the import of carrots/roots from Arabia to Iran, not vice versa.

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