Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl fedayee, from Ar fidāʔī ‘one who sacrifices himself, freedom fighter’, from fidāʔ ‘ransom, sacrifice’, vn. of fadà, vb. I, ‘to ransom, sacrifice’.

►

*FR‑ فرـ

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√*FR-

2-cons. "root nucleus"

to cut (a piece from) (Ehret1989#37), to divide, spatial separation, distance (Versteegh 1997).

From a pre-protSem root nucleus *PR- ‘to cut, divide, separate’.

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According to Ehret1989#37, 3-rad. extensions of pre-protSem *PR- ‘to cut (a piece from)’ in Ar are:

► (reduplicated simple form > intensive) : ^†far-fara ‘to break, cut, tear to pieces’
► + ‘durative’ *‑t- + ‘durative’ *‑f : ^†fartaka ‘to cut very small’
► + ‘diffusive’ *‑ṯ : ^†faraṯa ‘to cut up the liver, split’
► + ‘finitive fortative’ *‑g : ↗faraǧa (farǧ) ‘to put asunder, separate, split’
► + ‘durative’ *‑d : ↗farada (furūd) ‘to be single, isolated, be unique’
► + ‘intensive (manner)’ *‑z : ↗faraza (farz) ‘to separate, set apart, secrete, select’
► + ‘fortative’ *‑s : ↗farasa (fars) ‘to break the neck, tear the prey into pieces’
► + ‘venitive’ *‑ɬ : ↗faraša (farš) ‘to spread on the floor, spread out’
► + ‘venitive’ *‑ɬ + ‘iterative’ *‑ḥ : ↗faršaḥa, var. faršaḫa ‘to straddle, stand with one’s legs apart’¹
► + ‘focative’ *‑ṣ : ^†faraṣa (farṣ) ‘to cut, split, tear’, cf. ↗furṣaẗ
► + ‘focative’ *‑ṣ + ‘fortative’ *‑m : ^†farṣama ‘to break off, cut off’
► + ‘middle’ *‑ḍ : ^†faraḍa (farḍ) ‘to make incisions, notches’, cf. ↗furḍaẗ
► + ‘durative intensive’ *‑ṭ : ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to beat off, stripp off (fruits)’
► + ‘sunderative’ *‑ʕ : ↗faraʕa (farʕ) ‘to prune a tree’
► + ‘intensive (effect)’ *‑q : ↗faraqa (farq) ‘to split, separate’
► + ‘durative’ *‑k + ‘iterative’ *‑ḥ : ^†farkaḥa ‘to have the buttocks wide apart, separate the legs immoderately in walking’
► + ‘fortative’ *‑m : ↗farama (farm) ‘to cut small, hash’
► + ‘inchoative (> tr.)’ *‑y : ↗farà (fary) ‘to cut, cleave, sever’

► To the same semantic complex seems to belong also ↗faṭara (faṭr) ‘to split, cleave, break apart’, (fuṭūr) ‘to break the fast’

Probably also the idea of ‘fleeing, escaping’ (i.e., creating a separating distance) is related, cf.:

► (simple form) : ↗farra (firār) ‘to flee, run away’
► + ‘durative intensive’ *‑ṭ : ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to escape inadvertedly, slip, get lost’

1. Not mentioned by Ehret, but compare farkaḥa, below.

FRː (FRR) فرّ / فرر

√FRː (FRR)

“root”

▪ FRː (FRR)_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ FRː (FRR)_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to flee, to escape, to take refuge, place of refuge; to be in a hurry; to shake o.s’

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▪ The root probably belongs to the idea of ‘cutting, separating, dividing’ attached to the pre-protSem 2-consonantal root nucleus *PR- (Ar ↗*FR-) as described by Ehret1989#37. For other extensions from the same pre-protSem *PR- see ↗faraǧa (farǧ) ‘to put asunder, separate, split’, ↗farada (furūd) ‘to be single, isolated, be unique’, ↗faraza (farz) ‘to separate, set apart, secrete, select’, ↗farasa (fars) ‘to break the neck, tear the prey into pieces’, ↗faraša (farš) ‘to spread on the floor, spread out’, ↗faršaḥa, var. faršaḫa, ‘to straddle, stand with one’s legs apart’, ↗furṣaẗ ‘chance, auspicious moment; holiday’ (i.e., s.th. that comes like a ‘cut’ in normal life), ↗furḍaẗ ‘notch, incision, opening’, ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to beat off, stripp off (fruits)’, ↗faraʕa (farʕ) ‘to prune a tree’, ↗faraqa (farq) ‘to split, separate’, ↗farama (farm) ‘to cut small, hash’, ↗farà (fary) ‘to cut, cleave, sever’; cf. also ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to escape inadvertedly, slip, get lost’, ↗faṭara (faṭr) ‘to split, cleave, break apart’, (fuṭūr) ‘to break the fast’.

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FRT فرت

√FRT

“root”

▪ FRT_1 ‘Euphrates’ ↗furāt

Apart from this value, Lane vi (1877) has also
▪ ^†FRT_2: as in farita a ‘to become weak in o.’s intellect, after having possessed ample intelligence’
▪ ^†FRT_3: farata i u (fart) ‘to act vitiously, or unrighteously; to commit adultery, fornication’, to which according to some also belongs (al-) fartanā ‘fornicatress, adultress, female slave’, obviously a loanword (from ?) but related by many lexicographers to √FRT (though others say it is from √FRTN), from which is also the invective ibn al-fartanā ‘son of the female slave that is a fornicatrice; low, ignoble, mean, sordid’
▪ ^†FRT_4: firt, var. fitr ‘space measured by the extension of the thumb and forefinger’

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘1 sweet-tasting water; 2 to be weak-minded; 3 to violate religious norms’

Disamgibuation follows Badawi2008 and Lane 6 (1877). Only FRT_1 is found in MSA.

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