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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ḫāf‑ / ḫif‑ خافَ / خِفْـ , ā (ḫawf, maḫāfaẗ, ḫīfaẗ) 
ID 271 • Sw –/44 • BP 1042 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḪWF 
vb., I 
ḫāfa a (ḫawf, maḫāfaẗ, ḫīfaẗ), 1a to be frightened, scared; b to be afraid (s.th., s.o. or min of), dread (s.th., s.o. or min s.o. or s.th.); c to fear (s.th., s.o. or min s.o., s.th.; ʕalà for s.o., for s.th.; ʔanna that) – WehrCowan1979. 
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▪ DRS 10 (2012) #ḪWP-1 Akk ḫāpu, Ar ḫāfa ‘avoir peur’, Mhr ḫwīf, Soq ḥayef ‘craindre’. -2-3 […].
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► ḫawwafa, vb. II, to frighten, scare, alarm, fill with fear (s.o.): D-stem, caus.
► ʔaḫāfa, vb. IV, = II: *Š-stem, caus.
► taḫawwafa, vb. V, = I: Dt-stem, intr., self-ref.

► BP#862ḫawf, n., 1 fear, dread (min of); 2 ḫawfan, adv., for fear (min of), fearing (ʕalà for): vn. I.
► ḫīfaẗ, n.f., fear, dread (min of): vn. I.
► ḫawwāf, var. ḫawwīf, 1 adj., fainthearted, fearful, timid, timorous; 2 n., coward, poltroon: ints. formation.
► ʔaḫwafᵘ, adj., 1 more timorous; 2 more dreadful, more to be feared: elat.
► BP#2846maḫāfaẗ, n.f., fear, dread: vn. I | maḫāfaẗan ʔanna, adv., for fear that…, afraid that…
► maḫāwifᵘ, (pl. of maḫāfaẗ), n. pl., 1a fears, apprehensions, anxieties; b horrors, dangers, perils.
► taḫwīf, n., and var. ʔiḫāfaẗ, n.f., intimidation, bullying, cowing, frightening, scaring: vn. II and IV, respectively.
► taḫawwuf, n., fear, dread: vn. V.
► BP#1503ḫāʔif, pl. ḫuwwaf, adj., 1a fearful, timid, timorous; b scared, frightened, alarmed (min by); c afraid (min of); d anxious (ʕalà about), apprehensive (ʕalà for): PA I.
► maḫūf, adj., 1 feared, dreaded; 2 dangerous, perilous: PP I.
► BP#3387muḫīf, adj., fear-inspiring, frightful, dreadful, terrible, horrible: PA IV.
 
ḪWL خول 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḪWL 
“root” 
▪ ḪWL_1 ʻ(maternal) uncle’ ↗¹ḫāl
▪ ḪWL_2 ʻchattels, property (livestock, slaves); servants; (EgAr) dancer, effeminate person’ ↗ḫawal; ʻoverseer (of a plantation), gardener’ ↗ḫawlī; ʻto authorize’ ↗ḫawwala
▪ ḪWL_3 ʻmole, birthmark (on the face); patch, beauty spot’ ↗²ḫāl (s.r. √ḪYL)

Other values, now obsolete, include (Hava1899):

▪ †ḪWL_4 ʻlower part of the bit’ : †ḫawal (pl. ḫuwal)
▪ †ḪWL_5 ʻcolours of an army’ : †ḫāl
▪ †ḪWL_6 ʻblack stallion-camel’ : †ḫāl
▪ †ḪWL_7 ʻbox-thorn’ : ʕawd al-†ḫawlān
▪ †ḪWL_8 ʻscattered on all sides (adv.)’: †ʔaḫwalᵃ ʔaḫwalᵃ
▪ †ḪWL_ ʻ…’ : …

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): (There is a degree of overlap between this root and ḪYL) ‘maternal uncle, maternal aunt; household, servants, helpers; ownership, property; to give in ownership, to bestow; to authorise, to enable; an overseer; to show pride, to scatter’ 
▪ [v1] Kogan2011: from protWSem *ḫāl‑ ‘maternal uncle’.
▪ [v2] DRS is not sure whether ʻproperty; to guard, administer (property); to authorize s.o.’ perh. depends on, or is related to, [v1] ʻmaternal uncle’. – For unknown reasons, DRS separates ʻdancer, effeminate person’ from ʻproperty (livestock, slaves); servants’ although it seems clear that the former is a derogatory development from the latter.
▪ [v3]: grouped s.r. √ḪWL in WehrCowan, but treated s.r. √ḪYL in DRS – prob. rightly so, as it seems to belong together with the appearance of omina and the complex of imagination.
▪ †[v4] : mentioned also in Lane, but obviously regarded as dubious by many ClassAr lexicographers.
▪ †[v5] : prob. from ↗√ḪYL rather from √ḪWL.
▪ †[v6] : special use of [v2] ʻchattels, property (livestock, slaves)’?
▪ †[v7] : ?
▪ †[v8] : ?
 
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▪ DRS 10 (2012) #ḪWL-1 Akk ḫāl‑, Palm ḥl ‘oncle maternel’, Nab *ḥlh ‘tante’, Syr ḥālā, Ar ḫāl, Ṣaf ḫl, Mhr Ḥrs ḫayl, Jib ḥiź, Soq ḥel (Kogan2011: ḥalēle) ‘oncle maternel’. – ?2 Ar ḫāla ‘garder, gérer, administrer’, ḫawal ‘biens, avoir’; Min ḫwl ‘personne autorisée’, Qat šḫl ‘diriger, administrer’, ?MġrAr ḫāl ‘octroyer, assigner’. -3 Ar ḫuwāl ‘jeune garçon danseur’, EgAr ḫawal ‘danseur, efféminé, homosexuel passif’, SudAr ḫawal: terme de mépris par lequel on traite l’homme qui manque de virilité; ḫawl d’un homme: sa domesticité. -4 EAr maḫyūl ‘somnolent’. -5 Akk ḫālu, ḫuālu ‘fondre, se dissoudre; exsuder, répandre un liquide’. -6 Akk ḫūl‑ ‘chemin, route’. -7 Jib aḫbel ‘provoquer (en ayant mal posé une attelle) la saillie d’un os cassé sous la peau d’un animal’, ḫoblun ‘maladroit’.
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▪ As is clear from [v3] and [v5], there is some overlapping between √ḪWL and √ḪYL.
▪ For [v1] and [v2], cf. also ↗√ḤW/YL (e.g., ḥawl ‘strength, power, might’ < protSem *ḥayl‑/*ḫayl‑ ‘strength’ – Kogan2015: 118 #12? – If there is such a connection, the ʻmaternal uncle’ is perh. *ʻthe powerful one (due to his possession of property, incl. livestock and slaves)’.
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