Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ṮNY_1 ‘to fold, bend, turn; during (prep.); turn away, divert; to except, exclude’ ↗ṯanà
▪ ṮNY_2 ‘two; second’ ↗iṯnān
▪ ṮNY_3 ‘to praise’ ↗ṯanāʔ
▪ ṮNY_4 ‘lowest, most ignoble, meanest’: ^†ṯinyaẗ
▪ ṮNY_5 ‘long mountain lying across the road; high road’: ^†ṯaniyyaẗ

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘two, to make two, to double; to bend, to twist, to fold up; incisor teeth; to do in twos; to praise; to insult; to exclude, to except’

▪ ṮNY_1 and ṮNY_2 may be connected: either is ‘doubling’ produced by ‘folding’, i.e., by turning one side/edge of s.th. on the other, or ‘folding’ is seen as a result of ‘doubling’. The fact that both ‘to turn away, divert’ and ‘doubling, twofold’ can be imagined as deriving from ‘to fold, bend, turn’ (‘diverting’ = *to turn away, make s.o.’s path ‘bend’), would suggest ‘to fold’ to be the original value. – In ClassAr, ṯanà can also mean ^†‘to tie together (with the two ends of a rope)’ (cf. also ^†ṯināʔ ‘cord, rope, with which the camel’s fore shank and his arm are bound together […] consisting of a folded, or doubled, cord, or rope’¹ ), so that it is difficult to decide which value was first.
Given however that ‘two’ can be traced back to AfrAs, it may be older, and thus the ancestor of ‘folding’ and ‘tying’, and only then ‘diverting’. – A ClassAr ^†ṯinyaẗ ‘lowest, most ignoble, meanest’ is difficult to attach to either ṮNY_1, ṮNY_2, or ṮNY_3.
▪ ṮNY_3 ‘to praise’ is difficult to link up to any of the other values.

1. Lane i (1863):358; cf. also ^†ṯināyaẗ ‘cord, rope’

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