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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʔalfatᵘ أَلْفَتُ , f. laftāʔᵘ , pl. luft 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√LFT 
adj. 
left-handed – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ … 
▪ … 
▪ Akk (stdBab) lupputu ‘damaged, soiled’; laptu, f. lapittu ‘damaged; anomalous’, liptu A ‘(handi)work, craft, creation (with ref. to human beings), touch (in the physical sense); affliction, disease; (discoloured) spot’, lipittu ‘disease, work, craft’ (CAD); ClassAr †ʔalfatᵘ ‘(he-goat) having crooked horn, having one of his horns twisted upon, or over the other (also lafat); (in the dial. of Qays) stupid, foolish, of little sense; of difficult or stubborn disposition (also: lafūt); (in the dial. of Tamīm) left-handed, who works with the left hand; (f. laftāʔᵘ) (woman) having distorted eyes’ (Lane vii 1885). 
▪ The meaning of the elative formation ʔalfatᵘ is probably dependent on ‘to (grasp and) turn, twist, overthrow’ as preserved in Ar ↗lafata ‘to turn aside’, as ‘left-handed’ originally seems to have been either *‘twisted, anomalous’, i.e., s.th. that is “the other way round, turned upside down”, or *‘having a focus on the one/other side (to which attention has been unduely attracted)’. The value ‘left-handed’ is the only meaning of ʔalfatᵘ that survived into MSA. But ClassAr, where it also can mean †‘having crooked horn’ (goat, cattle)’ and, in the dialect of Qays, †‘stupid, foolish’ or †‘of difficult or stubborn disposition’, or ‘having distorted eyes’, shows that ‘left-handed’ is only one out of a variety of meanings that developed from a more general *‘twisted, distorted, anomalous’. Cf. also the fact that ‘left-handed’, for some ClassAr lexicographers, seems to have been a specific use of the word in the dialect of the Tamīm tribe. This may be the reason why some dictionaries, among them also WKAS, do not list the value ‘left-handed’ at all.
▪ Another old meaning of ʔalfatᵘ, now obsolete, is †‘strong-handed, who hoists or wrings him who strives or grapples with him’ (TA, accord. to Lane vii 1885). This can be related directly to the primary value of √LFT, namely *‘to grasp, turn down, overthrow’, cf. ↗LFT, ↗lafata. 
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► lafāt and lafūt, adj., ill-tempered, surly, sullen: like ‘left-handed’ belonging to the complex of *‘anomalous, distorted’, or rather developed from *‘turning around, looking around very much, be unquiet, distracted’ treated under ↗lafata ?
 
LFḤ لفح 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LFḤ 
“root” 
▪ LFḤ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LFḤ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LFḤ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘heat of a fire, fire, glare of a fire; to scorch, burn, sear, tan; to strike lightly’ 
▪ … 
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LFẒ لفظ 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LFẒ 
“root” 
▪ LFẒ_1 ‘to spit out; to utter, speak’ ↗lafaẓa
▪ LFẒ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LFẒ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to spit out, emit, cast out; to enunciate, utter, speak, utterance; to expire’ 
▪ … 
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LFW لفو 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LFW 
“root” 
▪ LFW_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LFW_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LFW_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to scrape meat off bones; to find; to avoid; to put right; to eliminate’ 
▪ … 
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LQB لقب 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LQB 
“root” 
▪ LQB_1 ‘surname, nickname’ ↗laqab
▪ LQB_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LQB_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘surname, nickname, epithet, designation, title, to call names’ 
▪ … 
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LQḤ لقح 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LQḤ 
“root” 
▪ LQḤ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LQḤ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LQḤ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘seed, semen, pollen, to impregnate, pollinate, become pregnant’ 
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LQṬ لقط 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LQṬ 
“root” 
▪ LQṬ_1 ‘to pick up, collect’ ↗laqaṭa, ‘foundling’ ↗laqīṭ
▪ LQṬ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LQṬ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to pick up from the ground, collect, glean; a find, a foundling; windfalls’ 
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LQF لقف 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LQF 
“root” 
▪ LQF_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LQF_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LQF_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to catch up, gulp up, snatch up; to collapse, crumple’ 
▪ … 
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LQM لقم 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LQM 
“root” 
▪ LQM_1 ‘morsel, mouthful’ ↗luqmaẗ
▪ LQM_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LQM_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to swallow, gobble up; morsel, mouthful of food, to hand-feed; to obstruct’ 
▪ … 
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LQY لقي 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LQY 
“root” 
▪ LQY_1 ‘to meet, encounter; to find’ ↗laqiya
▪ LQY_2 ‘to throw, cast’ ↗ʔalqà
▪ LQY_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to meet, encounter, reunion; to find; to undergo, suffer, experience; to throw, cast; to give, receive, accept; to lie down’ 
▪ … 
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LMḤ لمح 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 10May2023
√LMḤ 
“root” 
▪ LMḤ_1 ‘to glance, notice’ ↗lamaḥa
▪ LMḤ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LMḤ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to glance, notice, look furtively, twinkle, look askance; looks, features; glow of light’ 
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LMZ لمز 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 10May2023
√LMZ 
“root” 
▪ LMZ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LMZ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LMZ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to nudge; to poke fun at, defame, speak ill of s.o., slander, a slanderer’ 
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LMS لمس 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 10May2023
√LMS 
“root” 
▪ LMS_1 ‘to touch’ ↗lamasa
▪ LMS_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LMS_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to touch, probe; to look for, request; to become aware; to be in contact with, have sexual intercourse’ 
▪ … 
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LHB لهب 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√LHB 
“root” 
▪ LHB_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ LHB_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘tongue of fire, flame, to blaze; radiance; to be extremely hungry, thirst’ 
▪ …
▪ …
▪ Kogan2011: < WS < protSem *lahb‑ , synonym of the main Sem term for ‘fire’, protSem *ʔiš(‑āt)‑, which left no traces in Ar.
▪ … 
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▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘flame’) Akk laʔbu, Hbr láhaḇ, Syr (caus. šalheḇ ‘to ignite’), Gz lāhb.
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