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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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zaʕfarān زَعْفَران 
ID 355 • Sw – • BP??? • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ZʕFR 
n. 
saffron – WehrCowan1979. 
Of obscure etymology, perh. from mPers. If so, zaʕfarān would be one out of the significant number of Pers botanical-culinary terms that found their way into Ar. 
▪ … 
▪ DRS 8 (1999)#ZʕPR: Syr zʕprn, Ar zaʕfarān, Mhr Ḥrs EJib zaʕferān, Te zäʔəfran, Amh zəʔəfran ‘saffron’.
▪ … 
▪ EALL (Asbaghi, »Persian Loanwords«): a loan from mPers zarparān ‘saffron’ (lit. ‘with gold leaves’).
▪ Rolland2014a: »Peut-être du Pers zar-parān ‘aux pétales d’or’. Mais ce n’est qu’une des diverses hypothèses proposées pour ce mot à l’étymologie obscure. Boutrolle, Laffitte et Lemut1 optent pour un rattachement commun de zaʕfarān et ↗ʕuṣfur ‘carthame, safran bâtard’, à la famille de la racine ↗ṢFR ‘jaune’.«
▪ DRS 8 (1999)#ZʕPR: AHW 93 compares the Akk plant name azupīr-, azupirān-, but this is dismissed by CAD 1/II, 531, following Landsberger WO 3/260, n. 56. – The EthSem forms are based on a borrowing from Ar. 
▪ European words for ‘saffron’ originate in Ar Spain. Thus, for Ge Safran, Kluge2002 says that (in its mHGe form saf[f]rān) it is a C13 loan from oFr safran, which in turn is from Span azafrán, from Ar zaʕfarān ‘crocus’.
▪ For Engl saffron, gives: »c1200, from oFr safran (C12), from mLat safranum (cognate with It zafferano, Span azafran), ultimately from Ar az-zaʕfarān, which is of unknown origin.«
▪ The Ar word has made its way into many Eur langs. Lokotsch1927#2178 gives It zafferano, Fr safran, Span azafrán, Port açafrão, Rum safran, sofran, şofran ‘id.’, oFr saffre ‘embroidered with gold thread’, Sard tofferanu ‘saffron’; Ge Safran, Engl saffron, Du saffraan, Ru safran, Pol szafran, Cz Serb šafran, Bulg Serb čafran ‘id.’. 
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ZʕL زعل 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ZʕL 
“root” 
▪ ZʕL_1 ‘(to be/come) bored, fed up, tired; (to be/come) annoyed, angry’ ↗zaʕil

Other values, now obsolete, include:
  • ZʕL_2 †‘to be brisk; to prance; to be restless’: zaʕila
  • ZʕL_3 †‘ostrich’: zaʕlaẗ
  • ZʕL_4 †‘to remove’: ʔazʕala
 
▪ It looks as if value ZʕL_1 ‘annoyed, angry’ (and hence also ‘bored, fed up, tired’) has gradually developed from the now obsolete ZʕL_2 ‘to be brisk; to prance; to be restless’. Lane, at least, says that ZʕL_1 is not ClassAr, it rather pertains to »the modern language«; in Hava1899, the respective meanings are marked with the sign for Syrian (Levantine) Arabic. DRS puts a question-mark before its separation of the two values; what corresponds to ZʕL_1 (= DRS ZʕL#2) appears as dialectal only.
▪ ZʕL_3: identification of the animal with its behaviour/movements?
▪ ZʕL_4: metathetical var. of ʔaʕzala ? 
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▪ DRS 8 (1999)#ZʕL-1 Ar zaʕila ‘être gai, dispos et alerte’, zāʕala ‘arracher qc de sa place’. - ?2 SudAr ziʕil ‘être en colère’, EAr zəʕel ‘être fâché, ennuyé’, MġrAr zʕəl ‘s’ennuyer, être mal disposé; se fâcher’, Maraz zʕal ‘se hâter, s’élancer’; ?MorocAr zʕal ‘geindre (de fatigue sous une charge)’; nAram azʕel ‘se mettre en colère’. -3 Gz zəʕlā ‘frange, bande de vêtement’, Amh zəʕəla ‘calotte de prêtre’. -4 Amh (Gond) zal ‘jambe de derrière d’une bête égorgée’. 
▪ From among the four values given for Sem ZʕL in DRS, only two are relevant for Ar.
▪ DRS is not sure whether these two should be separated from each other or rather they belong together. Lane marks the ZʕL_1 values as used »in the modern language«, as opposed to ClassAr. Hava1899 identifies the respective items as peculiar to LevAr. This could suggest an Aram connection; but there do not seem to be Aram cognates. Furthermore, in DRS the value is not restricted to LevAr but is widespread also elsewhere (SudAr, EAr, MġrAr, etc.).
▪ ZʕL_3 ‘ostrich’: value not mentioned in DRS, but found in Freytag, Hava1899, and others. – Was the animal called so because of its prancing? or its restlessness?
▪ ZʕL_4 ‘to remove’: value not mentioned in DRS, but in many dictionaries. – A metathetical var. of vb. IV, ʔaʕzala (cf. √ZʕL vs. √ʕZL)? Cf. ↗ʕazala.
 
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