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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic

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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʔaṯīr أثير 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔṮR 
n. 
ether – WehrCowan1979. 
From Grk aithḗr ‘upper air; bright, purer air; the sky’. – »In ancient cosmology, the element that filled all space beyond the sphere of the moon, constituting the substance of the stars and planets. Conceived of as a purer form of fire or air, or as a fifth element. From 17c.-19c., it was the scientific word for an assumed ‘frame of reference’ for forces in the universe, perhaps without material properties. The concept was shaken by the Michelson-Morley experiment (1887) and discarded after the Theory of Relativity won acceptance, but before it went it gave rise to the colloquial use of ether for ‘the radio’ (1899). – The name also was bestowed c.1730 (Frobenius; in English by 1757) on a volatile chemical compound known since 14c. for its lightness and lack of color (its anesthetic properties weren’t fully established until 1842).« – etymonline, s.v. »ether«. 
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From Grk aithḗr ‘upper air; bright, purer air; the sky’., from aíthein ‘to burn, shine’ < PIE √*aidh‑ ‘to burn’ (cf. edifice). 
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ʔṮL أثل 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 7Mar2023
√ʔṮL 
“root” 
▪ ʔṮL_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔṮL_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔṮL_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘tamarisk tree; to be deep-rooted, be of noble origin; to acquire great wealth; to endure’ 
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ʔṮM أثم 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 7Mar2023
√ʔṮM 
“root” 
▪ ʔṮM_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔṮM_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔṮM_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘sin, crime, guilt, to sin, commit a crime’ 
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ʔǦː (ʔǦǦ) أجّ/أجج 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 7Mar2023
√ʔǦː (ʔǦǦ) 
“root” 
▪ ʔǦː (ʔǦǦ)_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔǦː (ʔǦǦ)_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔǦː (ʔǦǦ)_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to inflame; to incite; to be fast; (of fire) to crackle; (of water) to be salty, be bitter’ 
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ʔǦR أجر 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔǦR 
“root” 
▪ ʔǦR_1 ‘wages, pay; rate, fee; to reward; to let, hire out’ ↗ʔaǧr
▪ ʔǦR_2 ‘baked bricks’ ↗ʔāǧurr

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘wages, reward for work done: to hire, to engage: rent, to rent; dowry’ 
▪ ʔǦR_1: from protSem √ʔGR ‘to hire, rent’
▪ ʔǦR_2: from Akk aǧurru ‘baked bricks’ (from a Sum alur ?)
 
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▪ DRS 1 (1994)#ʔGR–1: Sem ‘prendre à gages, louer’: Akk agāru, Ug ʔagr, nHbr ʔᵃgar, EmpAram Nab Palm ʔgr, JP ʔᵃgar, Syr ʔegar; Akk agr‑ , Ar ʔaǧīr [↗ʔaǧr ], SAr ʔgr ‘serviteur à gages, domestique’; Akk igr, EmpAram ʔgr, JP ʔagrā, Soq ʔegare ‘salaire’, Hbr ʔᵃgōrā ‘paiement’; Palm ʔgwr ‘bail’, Mhr ḥauǧor ‘serviteur’. – 2 […] – 3 EmpAram ʔgr ‘mur, voûte’, Syr ʔaggārā ‘toit’, Mand angara, ɛngara, Ar ʔiǧǧar ‘toit’; Akk igār‑ ‘mur’. – 4 Akk agurr‑ , Syr ʔaggūrā, Ar (coll.) ʔuǧur, ʔaǧurr, ʔaǧūr ‘briques cuites’ [, Ar ↗ʔāǧurr ]. – 5 Akk ʔekurru ‘temple’, Aram ʔᵉgōrā, ʔēgorā ‘temple païen’, Mand ʔkorʔ ‘temple des idoles et démons’. – 6 Sem ‘message, lettre royale’: Akk egert, Hbr ʔiggeret, BiblAram ʔigrā, JP ʔiggartā. – 7 Sem ‘pied’: EastAr ʔəgr, Daṯ ʔiǧr, Gz Te ʔəgər, Amh ʔəgər; ? Te ʔagri, ʔagrəh ‘caravane’. [Cf. Ar ↗riǧl ] – 8 […]. 
DRS 1 (1994): 1. Western forms emerged from Akk. – 3. Ar dependent on Aram. – 4. < Sum alur ? – 5. < Sum ekur. – 6. Western forms borrowed from Akk? – 7. Forme évoluée de RGL; ses correspondantes non-sém. (cham.-sém.) pourraient attester cependant l’absence d’une liquide à l’initiale. 
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