Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ MRS_1 ‘to soak in water, macerate’ ↗marasa
▪ MRS_2 ‘(a kind of beer)’ ↗marīsaẗ
▪ MRS_3 ‘strength, power’ ↗marāsaẗ
▪ MRS_4 ‘seasoned, practiced, experienced, veteran’ ↗maris
▪ MRS_5 ‘to exercise, pursue, practice’ ↗mārasa
▪ MRS_6 ‘rope, cord, line, cable’ ↗marasaẗ
▪ MRS_7 ‘to rub o.s. with/against, have trouble, be at odds with’ ↗marasaẗ
▪ MRS_8 ‘to fight, struggle, contend with each other’ ↗tamārasa
▪ MRS_9 ‘a round in backgammon’ ↗mars
▪ MRS_10 ‘hot south wind (eg.)’ ↗marīsī

Pseudo-MRS:
▪ MRS_11 ‘March’ ↗māris
▪ MRS_12 ‘merci [Fr]’ ↗mirsī
▪ MRS_13 ‘Murcia (a city in Spain)’ ↗mursiyaẗᵘ
▪ MRS_14 ‘anchor’ (marsā) ↗rasā (√RSW)
▪ MRS_15 ‘myrtle’ ↗marsīn

The “root” √MRS displays an enormous variety of values.
▪ Some of these are easily recognizable as borrowings from outside Ar (māris ‘March’, mirsī ‘merci’, marsīn ‘myrtle’).
▪ Others conform to common morphological patterns and therefore look genuinely Ar although they might not be so, or actually belong to another root. Thus, some dictionaries list marsà ‘anchor’ under √MRS, although it is definitely from √RSW (but not perhaps the Qur’anic mursà).
▪ Among the items that look Ar but actually are borrowings we find the Ar name of the Andalusian city of Murcia, mursiyaẗ; it looks as if it could be from √MRS or from √RSW, but with all likelihood, it is from neither, going back to a local, non-Ar place name.
▪ Perfectly “disguised” as Ar words is also hot mistral-like wind blowing from the south, called il-marīsī in EgAr (but to be found also in MSA texts); its name goes back to the Copt expression for a southern Eg province.
▪ Another group of items comprises those that not only look Ar but may also actually be so; but some scholars have suggested a foreign origin. Among these we find the kind of beer (or, in ClassAr, date wine) called marīsaẗ; for the beer, at least, a Copt < Eg etymology has been proposed, but it may also simply be a pseudo-PP I from marasa ‘to soak, macerate’ (barley, or dates, in order to let them ferment). marasaẗ ‘rope’ may either be genuinely Ar or a loan from Syr. And for mars, a technical term in playing cards or backgammon, an Ar etymology has been put forward (*‘to sink’ < ‘to soak’), although it is more likely to be a borrowing (both Pers and Tu have been suggested).
▪ A number of the remaining values can be explained as having developed from a basic notion of ‘strength, power, force, effort, energy’ (which has survived into MSA unaltered only in the n. marāsaẗ, and perhaps in vb. VI, ‘to struggle, contend with each other’, i.e., use power against each other, put o.’s efforts into reaching a goal, competing with others in doing so). Strength and effort put into s.th. later became identified with practical experience and proficiency, hence the adj. maris ‘seasoned, practiced, experienced, veteran’ (in ClassAr first and foremost ‘strong’) and the vb. III, mārasa ‘to exercise, pursue, practice s.th.’ To the same semantic complex seems to belong the n., now obsolete, ^†maris ‘sort, kind, type’, as in the expression hum ʕalà maris wāḥid ‘they are alike in dispositions’ (Lane1885), ‘they are of the same sort’ (Hava1899), i.e., they are used to apply the same approaches, or practices, they treat things/people in a similar way.
▪ The other basic value on which a number of derivatives seem to be dependent, is ‘rope’, marasaẗ. The ClassAr intr. vb. I ^†marisa ‘to fall from the pulley and get stuck’ (said of a rope) and the tr. vb. IV ^†ʔamrasa ‘to set right (a rope), restore (the rope) to the place in which it ran; to remove (the rope) from there’ are clearly denominative from ‘rope’. Perhaps the same holds true also for ‘to rub o.s. with/against, have trouble, be at odds with’ (tamarrasa, vb. V). These values may be akin to the ClassAr ^†marasa ‘to wipe (o.’s hands, bi‑ with)’.
▪ According to Ehret1989 as well as Gabal2012, the movement (of o.’s fingers or hands) over or across s.th., a surface, is the nuclear meaning of the bi-consonantal root *MR‑ [↗MRː (MRR)] from which marasa can be regarded to be an extension. Ehret distinguishes two values of marasa, the one meaning ‘to wipe’ having developed from *mar‑ through the addition of a “non-finitive” *‑c (which later became ‑s). Unlike Ehret, for whom the bi-consonantal nucleus does not include the use of ‘force’, Gabal thinks that some kind of force, tightening, or pressure accompanies the movement associated with *mar‑. This idea brings Gabal’s nuclear *mar‑ already close to the ‘rubbing’ and ‘pressing’ that accompanies the getting stuck of the rope, marasaẗ, that has fallen from the pulley, and the ‘strength, power, effort, force, energy’ we encountered in marāsaẗ above.
▪ No word from the root √MRS appearing in the Qurʔān, neither Jeffery1938 nor Gabal2012 treat it; so we do not know either how Gabal would explain the relation between the other—and in the dictionaries primary—meaning marasa, namely ‘to soak, macerate’ and, according to many also: ‘to mash, crush with the hand’. The latter aspect is lost in MSA marasa (accord. to WehrCowan1979, at least), but mentioned in many dictionaries of ClassAr, cf. Lane vii 1885: marasa-hū ‘he macerated, steeped, or soaked, it […] and mashed it with the hand […], he rubbed and pressed it (namely, a quantity of dates,) with the hand, in water, so that it became mashed [… or…] soft […]’. The value is also still repeated in Hava1899: marasa u (mars) ‘to dilute and mash (a medicine)’. For Ehret, this marasa is an extension in »fortative (> intensive)« *‑s.
▪ Summarizing the above (as far as the three “genuinely” Ar values ‘to soak’, ‘to use force, to crush, smash; power, effort, energy’, and ‘rope’ are concerned), we may, with Ehret and Gabal, assume I a bi-consonantal nuclear *MR‑ ‘to brush with the fingers’ (perhaps accompanied by some pressure). II This nucleus was extended, forming (accord. to Ehret), among many others, two new 3-radical bases: II.1 *MR-C ‘to wipe’ and II.2 *MR-S ‘to macerate and crush with the hand’, which both III merged into Ar *MRS. III.1 From II.1 ‘to wipe’ is the vb. I, now obsolete, ^†marasa ‘to wipe’. III.2 continues II.2, splitting in III.2.a marasa ‘to soak, macerate (and crush with the hand)’, a value that has cognates in Akk marāsu A ‘to stir into a liquid’, or marsu ‘mixed, mashed’, and III.2.b the idea of crushing, rubbing, pressing, i.e., using force on the object under one’s treatment, as preserved in MSA marāsaẗ ‘strength, power, force, effort, energy’. — The ‘rope’, marasaẗ, is difficult to relate: it may belong to III.2.b, either as *‘the one obstructing the pulley when falling from it’, but more likely as *‘the thing that is produced (i.e. twisted) with a lot of energy, the thing that is strong’. Fraenkel1886 is unclear, but in one place he thinks it is an Aramaeism, derived from Syr maršā ‘strong hempen rope’ (p. 93); on another occasion, however, he thinks marasaẗ »is probably genuine« (p. 229). — For further derivations, see individual entries ↗marasa, ↗marasaẗ, ↗marāsaẗ.

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▪ MRS_1 marasa ‘to soak in water, macerate’: Akk marāsu A ‘to stir into a liquid’, marsu ‘mixed, mashed’ (said of malt steeped for beer), mirsu (also mersu, mirisu) ‘a confection made of dates, oil, butter, etc.’ (CAD), Syr mras (2) ‘contudit’ (Brockelmann1895). – ? Cf. also Akk marāsu B ‘to squash’ (CAD), Syr mras (1) ‘pressit’ (Brockelmann1895), ‘zerrühren’ (Zimmern1914), ‘to crush, bruise, steep’, maršā, maršətā, məraštā ‘pestle, mortar’ (PayneSmith1903). – ? Cf. also Ar ↗marāsaẗ ‘strength, power, vigour’. – ? Cf Dozy1881-II: Ar ^†marīs ‘kind of thin bread, kneaded (yumras) together with butter and dates’.
▪ MRS_2 marīsaẗ ‘(a kind of beer)’: ? (Eg)Ar marīsī, a hot wind blowing from southern Egypt, from Copt marēs ‘country of the south, southern region’ (Dozy1881). – ? Ar marasa ‘to soak (and crush with the hands)’, ^†marīs ‘dates soaked in water or milk’, marīsaẗ ‘date-wine’ (Hava1899), Akk marāsu A ‘to stir into a liquid’, marsu ‘mixed, mashed’ (said of malt steeped for beer) (CAD), mirsu ‘mash, purée’, Aram məras ‘to soak, macerate’, marīs ‘date jam, mash’ (Zimmern1914).
▪ MRS_3 marāsaẗ ‘strength, power’: ↗marasa, perhaps also ↗marasaẗ.
▪ MRS_4 maris ‘seasoned, practiced, experienced, veteran’: ↗marāsaẗ
▪ MRS_5 mārasa ‘to exercise, pursue, practice’: ↗marāsaẗ
▪ MRS_6 marasaẗ ‘rope, cord, line, cable’: Syr maršā (Brockelmann1895), also maršətā, məraštā ‘strong hempen rope’ (PayneSmith1903); ? Akk maḫrašu (Jensen, accord. to Brockelmann1895).
▪ MRS_7 tamarrasa ‘to rub o.s. with/against, have trouble, be at odds with’: ↗marasaẗ
▪ MRS_8 tamārasa ‘to fight, struggle, contend with each other’ ↗marāsaẗ
▪ MRS_9 mars ‘a round in backgammon’: ? Tu mars, written mārs. – ? Ar ↗marasa ‘to soak’ (> *‘to sink’?)

▪ Accord. to Ehret1989, MRS_1 ‘to macerate and [accord. to Ehret also: to] crush with the hand’ is an extension in »fortative (> intensive)« *s, from a 2-cons. root *mr ‘to brush with the fingers’. Other extensions from this root include ^†mart (“extension” in “durative” *‑t ‘to smooth’, ↗maraṯa (with “diffusive” *‑ṯ) ‘to crush with the fingers, ↗maraḫa (“iterative” *‑ḥ) ‘to oil, anoint, rub with ointments; to coat slightly with mud’, ^†marz (“intensive” *‑z) ‘to press slightly with the fingertips’, ↗marasa (2) (“non-finitive” *‑c) ‘to wipe’, ↗maraša (“ventive” *‑ɬ) ‘to scratch with the nails’, ↗maraʕa (“sunderative > andative” *‑ʕ) ‘to anoint abundantly’, ^†marġ (“intensive” *‑ġ) ‘to anoint with oil’ (cf. also ↗√MRĠ), ^†marq (“intensive” *‑ḳ) ‘to scratch off the wool’ (cf. also ↗√MRQ), and ^†mary (“inchoative > transitive” *‑y) ‘to stroke the udder of the camel for milking’ (cf. also ↗√MRY).
▪ Cf. also the basic value, assumed by Gabal2012 for the 2-cons. basis *MR-, of ‘to let pass (s.th., e.g., the hand), to stroke continuously or all across s.th., folding it strongly, or tightening or pressing it’ (istirsāl iṭṭirādī ʔaw iǧtiyāzī maʕa šiddaẗ ʔaṯnāʔ ʔaw ḍīq wa-ḥabs, iv:2106).
▪ For the remaining discussion, see NUTSHELL.

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maras‑ مَرَسَ , u (mars)

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√MRS

vb., I

to soak (in water), macerate – WehrCowan1979.

▪ …

▪ Lane vii 1885: ‘he macerated, steeped, soaked it (dates, medicine, bread) in water, and mashed it with the hand, he rubbed and pressed it until it became soft’.
▪ Hava1899: ‘to dilute and mash (a medicine)’.¹

1. Also: to suck (his fingers: child); to wipe o.'s (hands) (bi‑ with). But these values seem to belong to another theme.

▪ Akk marāsu A ‘to stir into a liquid’, marsu ‘mixed, mashed’ (said of malt steeped for beer), mirsu (also mersu, mirisu) ‘a confection made of dates, oil, butter, etc.’ (CAD), Syr mras (2) ‘contudit’ (Brockelmann1895).
▪ ? Cf. also Akk marāsu B ‘to squash’ (CAD), Syr mras (1) ‘pressit’ (Brockelmann1895), ‘zerrühren’ (Zimmern1914), ‘to crush, bruise, steep’, maršā, maršətā, məraštā ‘pestle, mortar’ (PayneSmith1903). – Cf. also Ar marāsaẗ ‘strength, power, vigour’ ?
▪ ? Dozy1881-II: Ar ^†marīs ‘kind of thin bread, kneaded (yumras) together with butter and dates’¹ .

1. Accord. to Ibn Ḫallikān, darb al-marīs was the name of the street in Baghdad where this confection was prepared.

▪ MSA has preserved only the value ‘to soak (in water), macerate’. Little more than a century ago, however, Hava1899 still mentions also the notion of ‘mashing, rubbing, pressing’ in addition to that of ‘soaking’, i.e., the application of some kind of force, and in ClassAr both come together, cf. SemHist section (with Lane vii 1885).
▪ For Akk marāsu, CAD distinguishes a value A ‘to stir into a liquid’ and a value B ‘to squash’. The latter is said to be a loan from Aram.
▪ Information in dictionaries of Syr vary. For Syr mras, Brockelmann1895 gives both ‘to soak’ and ‘to press’ as two distinct values, while in PayneSmith1903 they are seen as one: ‘to crush, bruise, steep’. In translating Akk marāsu as ‘zerrühren’, Zimmern1914 too merges ‘soaking’ and ‘mashing’.
▪ Ar ^†marīs ‘kind of thin bread, kneaded (yumras) together with butter and dates’, mentioned by Dozy1881, is obviously akin to (or even taken from?) Akk mirsu, var. mersu, mirisu ‘a confection made of dates, oil, butter, etc.’, as given in CAD. So, here too the ‘mixing’ is combined with a kind of ‘smashing’ and the use of force.
▪ Besides mras, Syr has also mraš ‘pestle, mortar’, but this is said to be from √RŠ ‘to bray, pound, decorticate’.
▪ The question is whether the application of ‘strength, power, vigour’ (↗marāsaẗ) is etymologically dictinct from that of ‘soaking’ (and perhaps came in addition to it) or whether it was inherent in it from the beginning. In the latter case, ‘strength, power, energy, vigour’ has to be interpreted as a specialisation. And then also ↗marasaẗ ‘rope’ (as *‘the thing that is twisted strongly’) is perhaps related. For the whole picture, cf. ↗MRS.

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► marīsaẗ, n.f., a kind of beer: could be a quasi-PP from marasa, so that the beer would be ‘(the drink made of) soaked (barley, etc.)’. But other etymologies have been suggested, see ↗s.v..

māras‑ مَارَسَ , (mirās , mumārasaẗ)

ID … • Sw – • BP 1393 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√MRS

vb., III

1a to exercise, pursue, practice (s.th., esp., a profession); b (intr.) to practice, have or operate a practice; c to carry on, ply (s.th., e.g., seafaring). – 2 to apply o.s. (to s.th.), go in for – WehrCowan1979.

Originally, the vb. seems to mean *‘to put an effort in, strive, struggle to achieve s.th.’ and therefore belongs complex of ‘strength, power, force, effort, energy’ treated under ↗marāsaẗ.

▪ …

↗marāsaẗ, ↗MRS. Cf. also ↗tamarrasa [v2].

▪ The vb. III is probably derived from the idea of ‘strength, power, force, effort, energy’, treated under ↗marāsaẗ. In ClassAr, a maris is ‘strong’ man, and from the strength or vehemence ‘in labour or exertion’ is derived the idea of being ‘experienced in affairs’, of having ‘laboured, or exerted [o.s.], in the management, or transaction, thereof’ (Lane vii 1885). From here, the step to the modern meanings of ‘to exercise, pursue an office, practice a profession’, ‘to ply (s.th.)’, and ‘to go in for s.th.’ are only natural.

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► sahl al-mirās, adj., tractable, manageable, docile, compliant.
► šadīd al-mirās, ṣaʕb al-mirās, adj., intractable, unruly, refractory.
► ṣuʕūbaẗ al-mirās, n., intractability, unruliness, refractoriness, recalcitrance.

► ^BP#988mumārasaẗ, n.f., pursuit, exercise, practicing (of a profession); execution, implementation; practical application; pl. ‑āt, practice; experience, routine; ( eg.) negotiation, treaty: vn. III.

tamarras‑ تَمَرَّسَ , (tamarrus)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√MRS

vb., V

1 to rub o.s. (bi‑ with, against); to have trouble, be at odds (bi‑ with); to have to cope or struggle (bi‑ with s.th.). – 2 to exercise (bi‑ an office), pursue, practice (bi‑ a profession); to work (bi‑ with), be in practical contact, have actually to do (bi‑ with s.th.) – WehrCowan1979.

The two values probably belong to two different themes, treated under ↗marasaẗ ‘rope’ and ↗marāsaẗ ‘strength, power, force, energy, effort’, respectively.

▪ …

↗marasaẗ, ↗marāsaẗ, ↗MRS

▪ [v1] probably belongs to ↗marasaẗ ‘rope’. ClassAr still has the denom. vb. I ^†marisa ‘to fall from the pulley, get stuck’ (said of a rope), hence the expression ^†marisat ḥibāluhū ‘his affairs were unsettled’, which is close to the modern meanings, obviously metaphorical, ‘to be in trouble, have to cope with s.th.’. Lane vii 1885 lists as the first meaning of the vb. V ‘to be(come) strongly twisted, and adhering’. The notion of ‘strength, power, energy’ inherent in this definition brings it close to the most likely origin of [v2].
▪ [v2] is probably based on this notion of ‘strength, power, force, energy’, treated under ↗marāsaẗ. In ClassAr, a maris is ‘strong’ man, and from the strength, or vehemence, ‘in labour or exertion’ is derived the idea of being ‘experienced in affairs’, of having ‘laboured, or exerted [o.s.], in the management, or transaction, thereof’ (Lane). From here, the step to the modern meaning ‘to exercise, pursue an office, practice a profession’ is not far.

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► tamarrus, n., practicing, practice (bi‑ of an activity, of a profession): vn. V of [v2].
► mutamarris, adj., practiced, experienced, veteran : PA V of [v2].

tamāras‑ تَمَارَسَ (tamārus)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√MRS

vb., VI

to fight, struggle, contend with each other – WehrCowan1979.

Dictionaries of ClassAr explain the vb. VI as belonging to the idea of ‘strength, power, force, effort’, treated under ↗marāsaẗ.

▪ …

↗marāsaẗ. But cf. also ↗marasaẗ and ↗MRS.

▪ For ClassAr, Lane vii 1885 specifies the meaning of vb. VI as ‘(to labour, strive, struggle, contend or conflict with each other, to prevail, overcome, gain the mastery, or effect an object:) to contend together, smiting each other, syn. taḍāraba ’. This suggests that the meaning is based on the notion of ‘strength, power, force, effort’, treated under ↗marāsaẗ, as, lit., *‘to apply force against one another’.
▪ But couldn’t it also be related to the notion of ‘getting stuck’ and ‘rubbing’ o.s. against s.th./s.o., as represented by the ClassAr vb. I ^†marisa ‘to fall from the pulley (a rope) and get stuck fast’? For this complex, cf. ↗marasaẗ ‘rope’.

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mars مَرْس

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√MRS

game which is won by getting all the tricks – WehrCowan1979.; raffle (at play) – Hava1899

Formally, the word could be a vn. I of marasa ‘to soak and mash’. But the fact that it is found in Tu as mars (not *mers, as it should be if it was taken from an Ar mars) and that in Ott it is written with an ʔalif (mā̆rs), points to a non-Ar origin. For Redhouse, the word is Tu – but it does not look Tu at all. For BadawiHinds, it is of Pers origin – but I found neither an entry mars nor one mārs in a Pers dictionary.

▪ Tu mars : 1876 written mārs, ‘to get all the tricks in a game, to win’ (Aḥmed Vefīḳ Paşa, Luġat-ı ʕOs̱mānī). Cf. also Redhouse1890 ‘1. (at cards) A game lost with all the tricks, 2. (at backgammon) A game lost without one piece removed from the board’.

…

▪ BadawiHinds1986: from Pers mars ‘a round in backgammon in which the winner removes all his chips from the board before his opponent removes any, a gammon’. But this item is not to be found in Steingass or other dictionaries of Pers.
▪ Nişanyan (#mars, 2.9.14) sees the word as a vn. of ↗marasa ‘to soak’, in the specialized sense of ‘to sink’ (s.o.’s “ships” in a game). But this is unlikely: in Ottoman, the word is written with ʔalif, and the usual rendering of Ar mars should be *mers.
▪ Redhouse1890 identifies Ott mars (written mārs) as »T[urkish]«.

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maris مَرِس , pl. ʔamrās

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√MRS

adj.

seasoned, practiced, experienced, veteran – WehrCowan1979.

The modern meaning seems to have evolved from an earlier value ‘strong, energetic’. The adj. therefore belongs to the complex of ‘strength, power, force, effort, energy’ treated under ↗marāsaẗ and is of course related to vb. III, ↗mārasa ‘to practice’.

▪ …

↗marāsaẗ, ↗mārasa, ↗MRS. Cf. also ↗tamarrasa [v2].

In ClassAr, a maris is ‘strong’ man, and from the strength or vehemence ‘in labour or exertion’ is derived the idea of being ‘experienced in affairs’, of having ‘laboured, or exerted [o.s.], in the management, or transaction, thereof’ (Lane vii 1885). From here, the step to the modern meaning is only natural.

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Cf.
► ^BP#1393mārasa, vb. III, to exercise, pursue, practice (s.th., esp., a profession); (intr.) to practice, have or operate a practice; to carry on, ply (s.th., e.g., seafaring); to apply o.s. (to s.th.), go in for: applicative.
► ^BP#988mumārasaẗ, n.f., pursuit, exercise, practicing (of a profession); execution, implementation; practical application; pl. ‑āt, practice; experience, routine; (eg.) negotiation, treaty: vn. III, applicative.

marasaẗ مَرَسة , pl. ʔamrās

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√MRS

n.f.

rope, cord, line; cable, hawser – WehrCowan1979.

▪ …

▪ PayneSmith1903: Syr maršā, maršətā, məraštā) ‘strong hempen rope’² .
▪ Brockelmann1895: Syr maršā ‘funis [rope]’, (Jensen:) Akk maḫrašu.

2. Also: ‘pestle, mortar‘. PayneSmith add that the word is from a root √RŠ, but do not say whether this, in their opinion, applies also to the value ‘rope’.

▪ Fraenkel1886 is not clear (or even contradicts himself?): on the one hand (p. 229), he says that marasaẗ ‘rope’ probably is genuinely Ar (only the later vulgar variant ^†maraš being borrowed from Syr); on the other hand (p. 93), he states that only the vb. ↗marasa is Ar while marasaẗ ‘rope’ is a loan from Syr (the variant form ^†marš being a late Aramaeism that replaced the fuṣḥà word in Syria and Iraq). Fraenkel rejects a relation between ‘rope’ and ‘to twist’ which, accord. to him, is another meaning of Ar mrs and the etymon of ↗mārasa, vb. III, ‘to fight’.
▪ Lane’s (vii 1885) comment that the rope is »so called because of the strong twisting and adhering (tamarrus) of its strands, one upon another« connects marasaẗ to the vb. I ↗marasa ^†‘to mash, press, knead’ and to the vb. V tamarrasa ‘to exercise (an office), etc.’, treated under ↗marāsaẗ ‘strength, power, vigour’.
▪ Brockelmann1895 notes that Syr maršā ‘rope’, accord. to Jensen, is from an Akk maḫrašu. But this is not verifiable in CAD, which only has markasu ‘rope, cable of a boat’ (among other values).
▪ …

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► ^†marisa, a (maras), vb. I, to fall from the pulley (rope) [and stick fast]: denom.
► ^†ʔamrasa, vb. IV, to set right (a rope), restore (the rope) to the place in which it ran; to remove (the rope) from there: denom.
► tamarrasa, vb. V, to rub o.s. (bi‑ with, against; so also ^†ĭmtarasa, vb. VIII): denom.; to have trouble, be at odds (bi‑ with); to have to cope or struggle (bi‑ with s.th.): metaphorical use of the former. – For other meanings see ↗marāsaẗ.

marāsaẗ مَراسة

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√MRS

n.f.

strength, power – WehrCowan1979.

It is difficult to decide whether ‘strength, power, force, effort, energy’ is a value in its own right, or whether it depends either on ‘to soak (and at the same time mash, i.e., exert power on the soaked material)’ (↗marasa) or on the ‘rope’ (↗marasaẗ) that has fallen from the pulley and is now rubbing ‘vehemently’ against it, obstructing its movement.

▪ …

↗MRS, ↗marasa), perhaps also ↗marasaẗ.

▪ The notion of ‘strength, power, force, effort, energy’ is certainly one of the most basic ideas in the root √MRS, and many other items are derived from it. But is it also the primary meaning? No vb. I and no simple n. other than marāsaẗ is to be found that could help decide this question. See DISC in ↗MRS.

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NB: None of the following items are derivations, in the proper sense, from marāsaẗ, but akin to it.
► ^BP#1393mārasa, vb. III, to exercise, pursue, practice (s.th., esp., a profession); (intr.) to practice, have or operate a practice; to carry on, ply (s.th., e.g., seafaring); to apply o.s. (to s.th.), go in for: applicative (*‘to put one’s efforts or energy into s.th.), see also ↗s.v..
► tamarrasa, vb. V, to exercise (bi‑ an office), pursue, practice (bi‑ a profession); to work (bi‑ with), be in practical contact, have actually to do (bi‑ with s.th.):… – For other meanings see ↗marasaẗ.
► tamārasa, vb. VI, to fight, struggle, contend with each other: recipr. See also ↗s.v..

maris, pl. ʔamrās, adj., seasoned, practiced, experienced, veteran: see s.v..
► mirās, n.: sahl al-~, adj., tractable, manageable, docile, compliant; šadīd al-~ or ṣaʕb al-~, adj., intractable, unruly, refractory; ṣuʕūbaẗ al-~, n., intractability, unruliness, refractoriness, recalcitrance: vn. III in ‘false ʔiḍāfaẗ’.
► ^BP#988mumārasaẗ, n.f., pursuit, exercise, practicing (of a profession); execution, implementation; practical application; pl. ‑āt, practice; experience, routine; (eg.) negotiation, treaty: vn. III, applicative.
► tamarrus, n., practicing, practice (bi of an activity, of a profession): vn. V.
► mutamarris, adj., practiced, experienced, veteran: PA V.

marīsaẗ مَرِيسَة

√MRS

n.f.

a kind of beer – WehrCowan1979.; date-wine – Hava1899

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▪ Dozy1881 thinks that the marīsaẗ type of beer, like the hot wind called marīsī, blowing from southern Egypt, take their name from Copt marēs ‘country of the south, southern region’¹ (Copt ma ‘country’ + rēs ‘south’ [cf. Eg ʕ-rs.j ‘southern province; Upper Egypt’ – ThLAeg]).
▪ Cf., however, Hava1899: ^†marīs ‘dates soaked in water or milk’, marīsaẗ ‘date-wine’.
▪ CAD: Akk marāsu A ‘to stir into a liquid’, marsu ‘mixed, mashed’ (said of malt steeped for beer).
▪ Zimmern1914:38 Akk mirsu ‘mash, purée’, marāsu ‘to stir and mash’: probably > Aram məras ‘id.’ (probably > Ar marasa ‘aufweichen’, marīs ‘date jam, mash’).
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1. Dozy1881: the upper part of Upper Egypt, until to Nubia, or the part of Nubia that is closest to Upper Egypt.

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marīsī مَرِيسيّ

√MRS

hot south wind (eg.¹ ) – WehrCowan1979.

1. in the jargon of Nile boatmen) – BadawiHinds1986.

A nominalized adj., from Copt marēs (region in Upper Egypt, boardering on Nubia), lit. ‘(the wind blowing) from the marēs region’.

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▪ Corriente2008: (EgAr mirīsī :) (following Bishai1964) from Copt marēs ‘country of the south, southern region’² (ma ‘country’ + rēs ‘south’ (cf. Eg ʕ-rs.j ‘southern province; Upper Egypt’ – ThLAeg)
▪ Dozy1881 thinks that also the ↗marīsaẗ type of beer takes its name from the marēs region. But cf. s.v. for other etymologies.

2. Dozy1881: the upper part of Upper Egypt, until to Nubia, or the part of Nubia that is closest to Upper Egypt.

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māris مارِس

√MRS, MāRS

March – WehrCowan1979.

From Lat Mars, the god of war (Rolland2014).

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mursiyatᵘ مُرْسِيَة

√MRS

n.f.prop.loc.

Murcia (a city in Spain) – WehrCowan1979.

The Span name Murcia goes back to Ar mursiyaẗ, which is perhaps from Lat myrtea or murtea ‘land of myrtle’ (Lat murtus, from Grk mýrtos), or from the common Roman name Murtius, or from Lat mōrus ‘mulberry tree’ (as this tree covered the local landscape for many centuries, < Grk móron, mṓron) – en.wiki.

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Dictionaries of Ar often treat mursiyaẗ under √RSW, explaining it as a place of ‘anchorage’. But if this were the case, then the form, an PA IV, is difficult to explain (*‘the one that makes you anchor, causes you to stop’?). It is more probable that the Ar name is borrowed from an indigenous place name. The modern Span name, however, seems to have evolved from the Ar one.

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mirsī , mīrsī , mersī مِرْسي ، ميرسي

√MRS, MRSY, MYRS, MYRSY

interj.

thank you!, merci

From Fr merci.

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marsīn مَرْسين

√MRS, MRSN, RSN

myrtle (myrtus; bot.) – WehrCowan1979.

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▪ Earliest attestation in Tu 1420 (in Yādigār-ı İbn-i Şerīf) – Nişanyan (08Sep2014).

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▪ Lane vii 1885 (#MRS) reproduces the opinion held by al-Zabīdī in TA that the word is from EgAr and that the final n »perhaps… is a radical letter«.
▪ Nişanyan (08Sep2014): Tu mersin is from nGrk myrsíni, from oGrk mýrsinos, mýrsinē, from mýrtos. The Ar form looks as if it came from the same source. Accord. to Nişanyan, the Pers form murd perhaps points to a common origin of the Pers and Grk words in an Anatolian language.

▪ Kluge2002: Ge Myrte C10, from Lat murtus, myrtus, from Grk mýrtos, from a Sem source.
▪ EtymOnline: Engl myrtle c.1400, from oFr mirtile, from mLat myrtillus, dimin. of Lat mýrtus ‘myrtle tree’, from Grk mýrtos ‘the myrtle, a sprig of myrtle’, from same Sem source as Grk mýrrha – see ↗murr.

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