Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Chāndogyopaniṣat

Complete text

tad ya itthaṃ viduḥ |
ye ceme ’raṇye śraddhā tapa ity upāsate |
te ’rciṣam abhisaṃbhavanti |
arciṣo ’haḥ |
ahna āpūryamāṇapakṣam |
āpūryamāṇapakṣād yān ṣaḍ udaṅṅ eti māsāṃs tān ||

1. TENTH KHANDA
'Those who know this (even though they still be grihasthas, householders) and those who in the forest follow faith and austerities (the vanaprasthas, and of the parivragakas those who do not yet know the Highest Brahman) go to light (arkis), from light to day, from day to the light half of the moon, from the light half of the moon to the six months when the sun goes to the north, from the six months when the sun goes to the north to the year, from the year to the sun, from the sun to the moon, from the moon to the lightning. There is a person not human, --

māsebhyaḥ saṃvatsaram |
saṃvatsarād ādityam |
ādityāc candramasam |
candramaso vidyutam |
tat puruṣo ’mānavaḥ |
sa enān brahma gamayati |
eṣa devayānaḥ panthā iti ||

2. 'He leads them to Brahman (the conditioned Brahman). This is the path of the Devas.

vettha yadito ’dhi prajāḥ prayantītyayaṃ praśnaḥ pratyupasthito ’pākartavyatayā | tattatra lokaṃ pratyutthitānāmadhikṛtānāṃ gṛhamedhināṃ ya itthamevaṃ yathoktaṃ pañcāgnidarśanaṃ dyulokādyagnibhyo vayaṃ krameṇa jātā agnisvarūpāḥ pañcāgnyātmāna ityevaṃ vidurjānīyuḥ | kathamavagamyata itthaṃ viduriti gṛhasthā evocyante nānya iti? gṛhasthānāṃ ye tvanitthaṃvidaḥ kevaleṣṭāpūrtadattaparāste dhūmādinā candraṃ gacchantīti vakṣyati | ye cāraṇyopalakṣitā vaikhānasāḥ parivrājakāśca śraddhātapa ityupāsate teṣāṃ cetthaṃvidbhiḥ sahārcirādinā gamanaṃ vakṣyati pāriśeṣyādagnihotrāhutisambandhācca gṛhasthā eva gṛhyanta itthaṃ viduriti | nanu brahmacāriṇo ’pyagṛhītā grāmaśrutyāraṇyaśrutyā vidyante kathaṃ pāriśeṣyasiddhiḥ?naiṣa doṣaḥ | purāṇasmṛtiprāmāṇyādūrdhvaretasāṃ naiṣṭhikabrahmacāriṇāmuttareṇārthā iti na viśeṣanirdeśārhāḥ | nanūrdhvaretastvaṃ ceduttaramārgapratipattikāraṇaṃ purāṇasmṛtiprāmāṇyādiṣyata itthaṃvittvamanarthakaṃ prāptam | na | gṛhasthānpratyarthavattvāt | ye gṛhasthā anitthaṃvidasteṣāṃ svabhāvato dakṣiṇo dhūmādiḥ panthāḥ prasiddhasteṣāṃ yaṃ itthaṃ viduḥ saguṇaṃ vānyadbrahma viduḥ | "atha yadu caivāsmiñśavyaṃ kurvanti yadi nārciṣameva"iti liṅgāduttareṇa te gacchanti | nanūrdhvaretasāṃ gṛhasthānāṃ ca samāna āśramitva ūrdhvaretasāmevottareṇa pathā gamanaṃ na gṛhasthānāmiti na yuktamagnihotrādivaidikakarmabāhulye ca sati | naiṣa doṣaḥ | apūtā hi te | śatrumitrasaṃyoganimittaṃ hi teṣāṃ rāgadveṣau | tathā dharmādharmau hiṃsānugrahanimittau | hiṃsānṛtamāyābrahmacaryādi ca bahvaśuddhikāraṇamaparihāryaṃ teṣām | ato ’pūtāḥ | apūtatvānnottareṇa pathā gamanam | hiṃsānṛtamāyābrahmacaryādiparihārācca śuddhātmāno hītare śatrumitrarāgadveṣādiparihārācca virajasasteṣāṃ yukta uttaraḥ panthāḥ | tathāca paurāṇikāḥ - "ye prajāmīṣire ’dhīrāste śmaśānāni bhejire | ye prajāṃ neṣire dhīrāste ’mṛtatvaṃ hi bhejire" | ityāhuḥ | itthaṃvidāṃ gṛhasthānāmaraṇyavāsināṃ ca samānamārgatve ’mṛtatvaphale ca satyaraṇyavāsināṃ vidyānarthakyaṃ prāptam | tathāca śrutivirodhaḥ | "na tatra dakṣiṇā yanti nāvidvāṃsastapasvinaḥ"iti | "sa enamavidito na bhunakti"iti ca viruddham | na | ābhūtasaṃplavasthānasyāmṛtatvena vivakṣitatvāt | tatraivoktaṃ paurāṇikaiḥ-ābhūtasaṃptavaṃ sthānamamṛtatvaṃ hi bhāṣyate iti | yaccā’tyantikamamṛtatvaṃ tadapekṣayā"na tatra dakṣiṇā yanti" "sa enamavidito na bhunaktī"-tyādyāḥ śrutaya ityato na virodhaḥ | "na ca punarāvartanta"iti"maṃ mānavamāvartaṃ nā’vartanta"ityādiśrutivirodha iti cet | na | imaṃ mānavamiti viśeṣaṇātteṣāmiha na punarāvṛttirastīti ca | yadi hyekāntenaiva nā’varterannimaṃ mānavamiheti ca viśeṣaṇamanarthakaṃ syāt | imamihetyākṛtimātramucyata iti cet | na | anāvṛttiśabdenaiva nityānāvṛttyarthasya pratītatvādākṛtikalpanānarthikā | ata imamiheti ca viśeṣaṇārthavattvāyānyatrā’vṛttiḥ kalpanīyā | na ca sadekamevādvitīyamityevaṃpratyayavatāṃ mūrdhanyayā nāḍyārcirādimārgeṇa gamanam | "brahmaiva sanbrahmāpyati" | "tasmāttatsarvamabhavat" | "na tasya prāṇā utkrāmanti | atraiva samavanīyante"ityādiśrutiśatebhyaḥ | nanu tasmājjīvāduccikramiṣoḥ prāṇā notkrāmanti sahaiva gacchantītyayamarthaḥ kalpyata iti cet | na | atraiva samavanīyanta iti viśeṣaṇānarthakyāt | sarve prāṇā anūtkrāmantīti ca prāṇairgamanasya prāptatvāt | tasmādutkrāmantītyanāśaṅkaivaiṣā | yadāpi mokṣasya saṃsāragativailakṣaṇyātprāṇānāṃ jīvena sahāgamāśṅkya tasmānnotkrāmantītyucyate tadāpyatraiva samavanīyanta iti viśeṣaṇamanarthakaṃ syāt | na ca prāṇairviyuktasya gatirupapadyate jīvatvaṃ vā | sarvagatatvātsadātmano niravayavatvātprāṇasambandhamātrameva hyagnivisphuliṅgavajjīvatvabhedakāraṇamityatastadviyoge jīvatvaṃ gatirvā na śakyā parikalpayituṃ śrutayaścetpramāṇam | na sato ’ṇuravayavaḥ sphuṭito jīvākhyaḥ sadrūpaṃ chidrīkurvangacchatīti śakyaṃ kalpayitum | tasmāt"tayordhvamāyannamṛtatvameti"iti saguṇabrahmopākasya prāṇaiḥ saha nāḍyā gamanaṃ sāpekṣameva cāmṛtatvaṃ na sākṣānmokṣa iti gamyate | "tadaparājitā pūstadairaṃ madīyaṃ saraḥ"ityādyuktvā"teṣāmevaiṣa brahmalokaḥ"iti viśeṣamāt | ataḥ pañcāgnivido gṛhasthā ye ceme ’raṇye vānaprasthāḥ parivrājakāśca saha naiṣṭhikabrahmacāribhiḥ śraddhā tapa ityevamādyupāsate śraddadhānāstapasvinaścetyarthaḥ | upāsanaśabdastātparyārthaḥ | iṣṭāpūrte dattamityupāsata iti yadvat | śrutyantarādye ca satyaṃ brahma hiraṇyagarbhākhyamupāsate te sarve ’rciṣamarcirabhimāninīṃ devatāmabhisambhavanti pratipadyante | samānamanyaccaturthagativyākhyānena | eṣa devayānaḥ panthā vyākhyātaḥ satyalokāvasāno nāṇḍādbahiḥ | "yadantarā pitaraṃ mātaraṃ ca"iti mantravarṇāt || 1-2 ||

atha ya ime grāma iṣṭāpūrte dattam ity upāsate |
te dhūmam abhisaṃbhavanti |
dhūmād rātrim |
rātrer aparapakṣam |
aparapakṣād yān ṣaḍ dakṣiṇaiti māsāṃs tān |
naite saṃvatsaram abhiprāpnuvanti ||

3. 'But they who living in a village practice (a life of) sacrifices, works of public utility, and alms, they go to the smoke, from smoke to night, from night to the dark half of the moon, from the dark half of the moon to the six months when the sun goes to the south. But they do not reach the year.

athetyarthāntaraprastāvanārtho ya ime gṛhasthā grāme | grāma iti gṛhasthānāmasādhāraṇaṃ viśeṣaṇamaraṇyavāsibhyo vyāvṛttyartham | yathā vānaprasthaparivrājakānāmaraṇyaṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ gṛhasthebhyo vyāvṛttyarthaṃ tadvat | iṣṭāpūrte iṣṭamagnihotrādi vaidikaṃ karma pūrtaṃ vāpīkūpataḍāgārāmādikaraṇam | dattaṃ bahirvedi yathāśaktyarhebhyo dravyasaṃvibhāgo dattam | ityevaṃvidhaṃ paricaraṇaparitrāṇādyupāsate | itiśabdasya prakāradarśanārthatvāt | te darśanavarjitatvāddhūmaṃ dhūmābhimāninīṃ devatāmabhisambhavanti pratipadyante | tayātivāhitā dhūmādrātriṃ rātridevatāṃ rātredevatāṃ rātreraparapakṣadevatāmeva kṛṣṇapakṣābhimāninīmaparapakṣādyānṣaṇmāsāndakṣiṇā dakṣiṇāṃ daśameti savitā | tānmāsāndakṣiṇāyanaṣaṇmāsābhimāninīrdevatāḥ pratipadyanta ityarthaḥ | saṅghacāriṇyo hi ṣaṇmāsadevatā iti māsāniti bahuvacanaprayogastāsu naite karmiṇaḥ prakṛtāḥ saṃvatsaraṃ saṃvatsarasya hyekasyāvayavabhūte dakṣiṇottarāyaṇe tatrārcirādimārgapravṛttānāmudagayanamāsebhyo ’vayavinaḥ saṃvatsarasya prāptiruktā | ata ihāpi tadavayavabhūtānāṃ dakṣiṇāyanamāsānāṃ praptiṃ śrutvā tadavayavinaḥ saṃvatsarasyāpi pūrvavatpraptirāpannetyatastatprāptiḥ pratiṣidhyate naite saṃvatsaramabhiprāpnuvantīti || 3 ||

māsebhyaḥ pitṛlokam |
pitṛlokād ākāśam |
ākāsāc candramasam |
eṣa somo rājā |
tad devānām annam |
taṃ devā bhakṣayanti ||

4. 'From the months they go to the world of the fathers, from the world of the fathers to the ether, from the ether to the moon. That is Soma, the king. Here they are loved (eaten) by the Devas, yes, the Devas love (eat) them.

māsebhyaḥ pitṛlokaṃ pitṛlokādākāśamākāśāccandramasam | ko ’sau yastaiḥ prāpyate candramā ya eṣa dṛśyate ’ntarikṣe somo rājā brāhmaṇānāṃ, tadannaṃ devānāṃ taṃ candramasamannaṃ devā indrādayo bhakṣayanti | ataste dhūmādinā gatvā candrabhūtāḥ karmiṇo devairbhakṣyante | nanvanarthāyeṣṭādikaraṇaṃ yadyannabhūtā devairbhakṣyeran | naiṣa doṣaḥ | annamityupakaraṇamātrasya vivakṣitatvāt | na hi te kavalotkṣepeṇa devairbhakṣyante | kiṃ tarhyupakaraṇamātraṃ devānāṃ bhavanti te strīpaśubhṛtyādivat | dṛṣṭaścānnaśabda upakaraṇeṣu"striyo ’nnaṃ paśavo ’nnaṃ viśāṃ viśo ’nnaṃ rājñām" ityādi | na ca teṣāṃ stryādīnāṃ puruṣopabhogyatve ’pyupabhogo nāsti | tasmātkarmiṇo devānāmupabhogyā api santaḥ sukhino devaiḥ krīḍanti | śarīraṃ ca teṣāṃ sukhopabhogayogyaṃ candramaṇḍala āpyamārabhyate | taduktaṃ purastācchraddhāśabdā āpo dyulokāgnau hutāḥ somo rājā sambhavatīti | tā āpaḥ karmasamavāyinya itaraiśca bhūtairanugatā dyulokaṃ prāpya candratvamāpannāḥ śarīrādyārambhikā iṣṭādyupāsakānāṃ bhavanti | antyāyāṃ ca śarīrāhutāvagnau hutāyāmagninā dahyamāne śarīre tadutthā āpo dhūmena sahordhvaṃ yajamānamāveṣṭya candramaṇḍalaṃ prāpya kuśamṛttikāsthānīyā bāhyaśarīrārambhikā bhavanti | tadārabdhena ca śarīreṇeṣṭādiphalamupabhuñjānā āsate || 4 ||

tasmin yavātsaṃpātam uṣitvāthaitam evādhvānaṃ punar nivartante |
ākāśam |
ākāśād vāyum |
vāyur bhūtvā dhūmo bhavati |
dhūmo bhūtvābhraṃ bhavati ||

5. 'Having dwelt there, till their (good) works are consumed, they return again that way as they came', to the ether, from the ether to the air. Then the sacrificer, having become air, becomes smoke, having become smoke, he becomes mist,

yāvattadupabhoganimittasya karmaṇaḥ kṣayaḥ sampatanti yeneti sampātaḥ karmaṇaḥ kṣayo yāvatsampātaṃ yāvatkarmaṇaḥ kṣaya ityarthaḥ | tāvattasmiṃścandramaṇḍala uṣitvāthānantarametameva vakṣyamāṇamadhvānaṃ mārgaṃ punarnivartnate | punarnivartanta iti prayogātpūrvamapyasakṛccandramaṇḍalaṃ gatā nivṛttāścā’sanniti gamyate | tasmādiha loka iṣṭādikarmopacitya candraṃ gacchanti | tatkṣaye cā’vartante | kṣaṇamātramapi tatra sthātuṃ na labhyate | sthitinimittakarmakṣayāt | snehakṣayādiva pradīpasya | tatra kiṃ yena karmaṇā candramaṇḍalamārūḍhastasya sarvasya kṣaye tasmādavarohaṇaṃ kiṃ vā sāvaśeṣa iti | kiṃ tataḥ | yadi sarvasyaiva kṣayaḥ karmaṇaścandramaṇḍalasthasyaiva mokṣaḥ prāpnoti | tiṣṭhatu tāvattatraiva mokṣaḥ syānna veti | tata āgatasyeha śarīropabhogādi na sambhavati | "tataḥ śeṣeṇe"tyādismṛtivirodhaśca syāt | nanviṣṭāpūrtadattavyatirekeṇāpi manuṣyaloke śarīropabhoganimittāni karmāṇyanekāni sambhavanti | na ca teṣāṃ candramaṇḍala upabhogaḥ | ato ’kṣīṇāni tāni | yannimitaṃ candramaṇḍalamārūḍhastānyeva kṣīṇānītyavirodhaḥ | śeṣaśabdaśca sarveṣāṃ karmatvasāmānyādaviruddhaḥ | ata eva ca tatraiva mokṣaḥ syāditi doṣābhāvaḥ | viruddhānekayonyupabhogaphalānāṃ ca karmaṇāmekaikasya jantorārambhakatvasambhavāt | na caikasmiñjanmani sarvakarmaṇāṃ kṣaya upapadyate | brahmahatyādeścaikaikasya karmaṇo ’nekajanmārambhakatvasmaraṇāt | sthāvarādiprāptānāṃ cātyantamūḍhānāmutkarmaṣahetoḥ karmaṇa ārambhakatvāsambhavāt | garbhabhūtānāṃ ca sraṃsamānānāṃ karmāsambhave saṃsārānupapattiḥ | tasmānnaikasmiñjanmani sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāmupabhogaḥ | yattu kaiściducyate sarvakarmaśriyopamardena prāyaṇe karmaṇāṃ janmārambhakatvam | tatra kānicitkarmāṇyanārambhakatvenaiva tiṣṭhanti kānicijjanmā’rabhanta iti nopapadyate | maraṇasya sarvakarmābhivyañjakatvātsvagocarābhivyañjakapradīpavaditi | tadasat | sarvasya sarvātmakatvābhyupagamāt | na hi sarvasya sarvātmakatve deśakālanimittāvaruddhatvātsarvātmanopamardaḥ kasyacitkvacidabhivyaktirvā sarvātmanopapadyate | tathā karmaṇāmapi sāśrayāṇāṃ bhavet | yathā ca pūrvānubhūtamanuṣyamayūramarkaṭādijanmābhisaṃskṛtā viruddhānekavāsanā markaṭatvaprāpakena karmaṇā markaṭajanmā’rabhamāṇena nopamṛdyante tathā karmāṇyapyanyajanmaprāptinimittāni nopamṛdyanta iti yuktam | yadi hi sarvāḥ pūrvajanmānubhavavāsanā upamṛdyeranmarkaṭajanmanimittena karmaṇā markaṭajanmanyārabdhe markaṭasya jātamātrasya mātuḥ śākhāyāḥ śākhāntaragamane māturudarasaṃlagnatvādikauśalaṃ na prāpnoti | iha janmanyanabhyastatvāt | na cātītānantarajanmani markaṭatvamevā’sīttasyeti śakyaṃ vaktum | "taṃ vidyākarmaṇī samanvārabhete pūrvaprajñā ca"iti śruteḥ | tasmādvāsanāvannāśeṣakarmopamarda iti śeṣakarmasambhavaḥ | yata evaṃ tasmāccheṣeṇopabhuktātkarmaṇaḥ saṃsāra upapadyata iti na kaścidvirodhaḥ | ko ’sāvadhvā yaṃ prati nivartanta ityucyate | yathetaṃ yathāgataṃ nivartante | nanu māsebhyaḥ pitṛlokaṃ pitṛlokādākāśamākāśāccandramasamiti gamanakrama ukto na tathā nivṛttiḥ | kiṃ tarhyakāśādvāyumityādi, kathaṃ yathetamityucyate | naiṣa doṣaḥ | ākāśaprāptestulyatvātpṛthivīprāpteśca na cātra yathetameveti niyamo ’nevaṃvidhamapi nivartante punarnivartante iti tu niyamaḥ | ata upalakṣaṇārthametadyathetamiti | ato bhautikamākāśaṃ tāvatpratipadyante | yāsteṣāṃ candramaṇḍale śarīrārambhikā āpa āsaṃstāsteṣāṃ tatropabhoganimittānāṃ karmaṇāṃ kṣaye vilīyante | ghṛtasaṃsthānamivāgnisaṃyoge | tā vilīnā antarikṣasthā ākāśabhūtā iva sūkṣmā bhavanti tā antarikṣādvāyurbhavanti | vāyupratiṣṭhā vāyubhūtā itaścāmutaścohyamānāstābhiḥ saha kṣīṇakarmā vāyubhūto bhavati | vāyurbhūtvā tābhiḥ sahaiva dhūmo bhavati | dhūmo bhūtvābhramabbharaṇamātrarūpo bhavati || 5 ||

abhraṃ bhūtvā megho bhavati |
megho bhūtvā pravarṣati |
ta iha vrīhiyavā oṣadhivanaspatayas tilamāsā iti jāyante ’to vai khalu durniṣprapataram |
yo yo hy annam atti yo retaḥ siñcati tad bhūya eva bhavati ||

6. 'Having become mist, he becomes a cloud, having become a cloud, he rains down. Then he is born as rice and corn, herbs and trees, sesamum and beans. From thence the escape is beset with most difficulties. For whoever the persons may be that eat the food, and beget offspring, he henceforth becomes like unto them.

abhraṃ bhūtvā tataḥ secanasamartho megho bhavati megho bhūtvonnateṣu pradeśeṣvatha pravarṣati | varṣadhārārūpeṇa śeṣakarmā patatītyarthaḥ | ta iha vrīhiyavā oṣadhivanaspatayastilamāṣā ityevaṃprakārā jāyante | kṣīṇakarmaṇāmanekatvādbahuvacananirdeśaḥ | meghādiṣu pūrveṣvekarūpatvādekavacananirdeśaḥ | yasmādgiritaṭadurganadīsamudrāraṇyamarudeśādisanniveśasahasrāṇi varṣadhārābhiḥ patitānām | atastasmāddhetorvai khalu durniṣprapataraṃ durniṣkramaṇaṃ durniḥsaraṇam | yato giritaṭādudakasrotasohyamānā nadīḥ prāpnuvanti tataḥ samudraṃ tato makārādibhirbhakṣyante | te ’pyanyena | tatraiva ca saha makareṇa samudre vilīnāḥ samudrāmbhobhirjaladharairākṛṣṭāḥ punarvarṣadhārābhirmarudeśe śilātaṭe vāgamye patitāstiṣṭhanti kadācidvyālama-gādipītā bhakṣitāścānyaiḥ | te ’pyanyairityevaṃprakārāḥ parivarteran | kadācidabhakṣyeṣu sthāvareṣu jātāstatraiva śuṣyeran | bhakṣyeṣvapi sthāvareṣu jātānāṃ retaḥsigdehasambandho durlabha eva bahutvātsthāvarāṇāmityato durniṣkramaṇatvam | athavāto ’smādvrīhiyavādibhāvāddurniṣprapataraṃ durnirgamataram | durniṣprapataramiti takāra eko lupto draṣṭavyaḥ | vrīhiyavādibhāvo durniṣprapatastasmādapi durniṣprapatādretaḥsigdehasambandho durniṣprapatatara ityarthaḥ | yasmādūrdhvaretobhirbālaiḥ puṃstvarahitaiḥ sthavirairvā bhakṣitā antarāle śīryante | anekatvādannādānām | kadācitkākatālīyavṛttyā retaḥsigbhirbhakṣyante yadā tadā retaḥ sigbhāvaṃ gatānāṃ karmaṇo vṛttilābhaḥ | katham | yo yo hyannamattyanuśayibhiḥ saṃśliṣṭaṃ retaḥ siñcatyṛtukāle yoṣiti tadbhūya eva tadākṛtireva bhavati | tadavayavākṛtibhūyastvaṃ bhūya ityucyate retorūpeṇa yoṣito garbhaśaye ’ntaḥ praviṣṭo ’nuśayī | retaso retaḥsigākṛtibhāvitatvāt | "sarvebhyo ’ṅgebhyastejaḥ saṃbhūtam"iti hi śrutyantarāt | ato retaḥsigākṛtireva bhavatītyarthaḥ | tathā hi | puruṣātpuruṣo jāyate gorgavākṛtireva na jātyantarākṛtistasmādyuktaṃ tadbhūya eva bhavatīti | ye tvanye ’nuśayibhyaścandramaṇḍalamanāruhyehaiva pāpakarmabhirghoraivrīhiyavādibhāvaṃ pratipadyante punarmanuṣyādibhāvaṃ teṣāṃ nānuśayināmiva durniṣprataram | kasmāt | karmaṇā hi tairvrīhiyavādideha upātta iti tadupabhoganimittakṣaye vrīhyādistambadehavināśe yathākarmārjitaṃ dehāntaraṃ navaṃ navaṃ jalūkāvatsaṃkramante savijñānā eva"savijñāno bhavati savijñānamevānvavakrāmati"iti śrutyantarāt | yadyapyusaṃhṛtakaraṇāḥ santo dehāntaraṃ gacchanti tathāpi svapnavaddehāntaraprāptinimittakarmodbhāvitavāsanājñānena savijñānā eva dehāntaraṃ gacchanti | śrutiprāmāṇyāt | tathārcirādinā dhūmādinā ca gamanaṃ svapta ivodbhūtavijñānena | labdhavṛttikarmanimittatvādgamanasya | na tathānuśayināṃ vrīhyādibhāvena jātānāṃ savijñānameva retaḥ-sigyoṣiddehasambandha upapadyate | na hi vrīhyādilavanakaṇḍanapeṣaṇādau ca savijñānānāṃ sthitirasti | nanu candramaṇḍalādapyavarohatāṃ dehāntaragamanasya tulyatvājjalūkāvatsavijñānataiva yuktā | tathā sati ghoro narakānubhava iṣṭāpūrtādikāriṇāṃ candramaṇḍalādārabhya prāpto yāvadbrāhmaṇādijanma | tathā ca satyanarthāyaiveṣṭāpūrtādyupāsanaṃ vihitaṃ syāt | śruteścāprāmāṇyaṃ prāptaṃ vaidikānāṃ karmaṇāmanarthānubandhitvāt | na, vṛkṣārohaṇapatanavadviśeṣasambhavāt | dehāddehāntaraṃ pratipitsoḥ karmaṇo labdhavṛttitvākarmaṇodbhāvitena vijñānena savijñānatvaṃ yuktam | vṛkṣāgramārohata iva phalaṃ jighṛkṣoḥ | tathārcirādinā gacchatāṃ savijñānatvaṃ bhavet | dhūmādinā ca candramaṇḍalamārurukṣatām | na tathā candramaṇḍalādavarurukṣatāṃ vṛkṣāgrādiva patatāṃ sacetanatvam | yathā ca mudgarādyabhihatānāṃ tadabhighātavedanānimittasaṃmūrchitapratibaddhakaraṇānāṃ svadehenaiva deśāddeśāntaraṃ nīyamānānāṃ vijñānaśūnyatā dṛṣṭā tathā candramaṇḍalānmānuṣādidehāntaraṃ pratyavarurukṣatāṃ svargabhoganimittakarmakṣayānmṛditābdehānāṃ pratibaddhakaraṇānām | ataste ’parityaktadehabījabhūtābhiradbhirmūrchitā ivā’kāśādikrameṇemāmavaruhya karmanimittajātisthāvaradehaiḥ saṃśliṣyante pratibaddhakaraṇatayānudbhūtavijñānā eva | tathā lavanakaṇḍanapeṣaṇasaṃskārabhakṣaṇarasādipariṇāmaretaḥsekakāleṣu mūrchitavadeva | dehāntarārambhakasya karmaṇo ’labdhavṛttitvāt | dehabījabhūtāpsambandhāparityāgenaiva sarvāsvavasthāsu vartanta iti jalūkāvaccetanāvattvaṃ na virudhyate | antarāle tvavijñānaṃ mūrchitavadevetyadoṣaḥ | na ca vaidikānāṃ karmaṇāṃ hiṃsāyuktatvenobhayahetutvaṃ śakyamanumātum | hiṃsāyāḥ śāstracoditatvāt | "ahiṃsansarvabhūtānyanyatra tīrthebhyaḥ"iti śruteḥ śāstracoditāyā hiṃsāyā nādharmahetutvamabhyupagamyate | abhyupagate ’pyadharmahetutve mantrairviṣādivattadapanayopapatterna duḥkhakāryārambhakatvopapattirvaidikānāṃ karmaṇāṃ mantreṇeva viṣabhakṣaṇasyeti || 6 ||

tad ya iha ramaṇīyacaraṇā abhyāśo ha yat te ramaṇīyāṃ yonim āpadyeran brāhmaṇayoniṃ vā kṣatriyayoniṃ vā vaiśyayoniṃ vā |
atha ya iha kapūyacaraṇā abhyāśo ha yat te kapūyāṃ yonim āpadyerañ śvayonim vā sūkarayoniṃ vā caṇḍālayoniṃ vā ||

7. 'Those whose conduct has been good, will quickly attain some good birth, the birth of a Brahmana, or a Kshatriya, or a Vaisya. But those whose conduct has been evil, will quickly attain an evil birth, the birth of a dog, or a hog, or a Kandala.

tattatra teṣvanuśayināṃ ya iha loke ramaṇīyaṃ śobhanaṃ caraṇaṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te ramaṇīyacaraṇāḥ ramaṇīyacaraṇenopalakṣitaḥ śobhano ’nuśayaḥ puṇyaṃ karma yeṣāṃ te ramaṇīyacaraṇā ucyante | krauryānṛtamāyāvarjitānāṃ hi śakya upalakṣayituṃ śubhānuśayasadbhāvaḥ | tenānuśayena puṇyena karmaṇā candramaṇḍale bhuktaśeṣeṇābhyāśo ha kṣiprameva | yaditi kriyāviśeṣaṇaṃ te ramaṇīyāṃ krauryādivarjitāṃ yonimāpadyeranprāpnuyurbrāhmaṇayoniṃ vā kṣattriyayoniṃ vā vaiśyayoniṃ vā svakarmānurūpeṇa | atha punarye tadviparītāḥ kapūyacaraṇopalakṣitakarmāṇo ’śubhānuśayā abhyāśo ha yatte kapūyāṃ yathākarma yonimāpadyerankapūyāmeva dharmasambandhavarjitāṃ jugupsitāṃ yonimāpadyeran śvayoniṃ vā sūkarayoniṃ vā svakarmānurūpeṇaiva | ye tu ramaṇīyacaraṇā dvijātayaste svakarmasthāścediṣṭādikāriṇaste dhūmādigatyā gacchantyāgacchanti ca punaḥ punarghaṭīyantravat | vidyāṃ cetprāpnuyustadārcirādinā gacchanti || 7 ||

athaitayoḥ pathor na katareṇacana tānīmāni kṣudrāṇy asakṛdāvartīni bhūtāni bhavanti jāyasva mriyasveti |
etat tṛtīyaṃ sthānam |
tenāsau loko na saṃpūryate |
tasmāj jugupseta |
tad eṣa ślokaḥ ||

8. 'On neither of these two ways those small creatures (flies, worms, &c.) are continually returning of whom it may be said, Live and die. Theirs is a third place.
'Therefore that world never becomes full' (cf.V, 3, 2). 'Hence let a man take care to himself! And thus it is said in the following Sloka:-

yadā tu na vidyāsevino nāpīṣṭādikarma sevante tadāthaitayoḥ pathoryathoktayorarcirdhūmādilakṣaṇayorna katareṇānyatareṇacanāpi yanti tānīmāni bhūtāni kṣūdrāṇi daṃśamasakakīṭādīnyasakṛdāvartīni bhavanti | ata ubhayamārgaparibhraṣṭā hyasakṛjjāyante mriyante cetyarthaḥ | teṣāṃ jananamaraṇasantateranukaraṇamidamucyate | jāyasva mriyasvetīśvaranimittaceṣṭocyate | jananamaraṇalakṣaṇenaiva kālayāpanā bhavati | na tu kriyāsu bhogeṣu vā kālo ’stītyarthaḥ | etatkṣudrajantulakṣaṇaṃ tṛtīyaṃ pūrvoktau panthānāvapekṣya sthānaṃ saṃsaratām | yenaivaṃ dakṣiṇamārgagā api punarāgacchantyanadhikṛtānāṃ jñānakarmaṇoragamanameva dakṣiṇena patheti | tenāsau loko na saṃpūryate | pañcamastu praśnaḥ pañcāgnividyayā vyākhyātaḥ | prathamo dakṣiṇottaramārgābhyāmapākṛto dakṣiṇottarayoḥ pathorvyāvartanāpi mṛtānāmagnau prakṣepaḥ samānastato vyāvartanānye ’rcirādinā yantyanye dhūmādinā | punaruttaradakṣiṇāyane ṣaṇmāsānprapnuvantaḥ saṃyujya punarvyāvartante | anye saṃvatsaramanye māsebhyaḥ pitṛlokamiti vyākhyātā | punarāvṛttirapi kṣīṇānuśayānāṃ candramaṇḍalādākāśādikrameṇoktā | amuṣya lokasyāpūraṇaṃ svaśabdenaivoktam-tenāsau loko na saṃpūryata iti | yasmādevaṃ kaṣṭā saṃsāragatistasmājjugupseta | yasmācca janmamaraṇajanitavedanānubhavakṛtakṣaṇāḥ kṣudrajantavo dhvānte ca ghore dustare praveśitāḥ sāgara ivāgādhe ’plave nirāśāścottaraṇaṃ prati tasmāccaivaṃvidhāṃ saṃsāragatiṃ jugupseta bībhatseta ghṛṇī bhavenmā bhūdevaṃvidhe saṃsāramahodadhau ghore pāta iti | tadetasminnartha eṣa ślokaḥ pañcāgnividyāstutataye || 8 ||

steno hiraṇyasya surāṃ pibaṃś ca |
guros talpam āvasan brahmahā ca |
ete patanti catvāraḥ pañcamaś cācaraṃs tair iti ||

9. 'A man who steals gold, who drinks spirits, who dishonours his Guru's bed, who kills a Brahman, these four fall, and as a fifth he who associates with them.

steno hiraṇyasya brāhmaṇasuvarṇasya hartā | surāṃ pibanbrāhmaṇaḥ san | gurośca talpaṃ dārānāvasan | brahmahā brāhmaṇasya hantā cetyete patanti catvāraḥ | pañcamaśca taiḥ sahā’caranniti || 9 ||

atha ha ya etān evaṃ pañcāgnīn veda na saha tair apy ācaran pāpmanā lipyate |
śuddhaḥ pūtaḥ puṇyaloko bhavati ya evaṃ veda ya evaṃ veda ||

10. 'But he who thus knows the five fires is not defiled by sin even though he associates with them. He who knows this, is pure, clean, and obtains the world of the blessed, yea, he obtains the world of the blessed.'

atha ha punaryo yathoktānpañcāgnīnveda sa tairapyācaranmahāpātakibhiḥ saha na pāpmanā lipyate śuddha eva | tena pañcāgnidarśanena pāvito yasmātpūtaḥ puṇyo lokaḥ prājāpatyādiryasya so ’yaṃ puṇyaloko bhavati ya evaṃ veda yathoktaṃ samastaṃ pañcabhiḥ praśnaiḥ pṛṣṭamarthajātaṃ veda | dviruktiḥ samastapraśnanirṇayapradarśanārthā || 10 || iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi pañcamādhyāyasya daśamaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

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