Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Chāndogyopaniṣat

Complete text

uddālako hāruṇiḥ śvetaketuṃ putram uvāca svapnāntaṃ me somya vijānīhīti |
yatraitat puruṣaḥ svapiti nāma satā somya tadā saṃpanno bhavati |
svam apīto bhavati |
tasmād enaṃ svapitīty ācakṣate |
svaṃ hy apīto bhavati ||

1. EIGHTH KHANDA
Uddalaka Aruni said to his son Svetaketu: 'Learn from me the true nature of sleep (svapna).
When a man sleeps here, then, my dear son, he becomes united with the True, he is gone to his own (Self). Therefore they say, svapiti, he sleeps, because he is gone (apita) to his own (sva).

yasminmanasi jīvenā’tmanānupraviṣṭā parā devatā’darśa iva puruṣaḥ pratibimbena jalādiviṣviva ca sūryādayaḥ pratibimbaiḥ | tanmano ’nnamayaṃ tejo ’ṃmayābhyāṃ vākprāṇābhyāṃ saṃgatamadhigatam | yanmayo yatsthaśca jīvo mananadarśanaśravaṇādivyāvahārāya kalpate taduparame ca svaṃ devatārūpameva pratipadyate | taduktaṃ śrutyantare"dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva sadhīḥ svapno bhūtvemaṃ lokamatikrāmati""sa vā āyamātmā brahma vijñānamayo manomaya"ityādi,"svapnena śārīram" ityādi,"prāṇanneva prāṇo nāma bhavatī"tyādi ca | tasyāsya manaḥsthasya mana ākhyāṃ gatasya manaupaśamadvāreṇendriyaviṣayebhyo nivṛttasya yasyāṃ parasyāṃ devatāyāṃ svātmabhātāyāṃ yadavasthānaṃ tatputrāyā’cikhyāsuruddālako ha kilā’ruṇiḥ śvetaketuṃ putramuvācoktavān | svapnāntaṃ svapnamadhyaṃ svapna iti darśanavṛtteḥ svapnasyā’khyā tasya madhyaṃ svapnāntaṃ suṣuptamityetat | athavā svapnāntaṃ svapnasatattvamityarthaḥ tatrāpyarthātsuṣuptameva bhavati | svamapīto bhavatīti vacanāt | na hyanyatra suṣuptātsvamapītiṃ jīvasyecchanti brahmavidaḥ | tatra hyādarśāpanayane puruṣapratibimbi ādarśagato yathā svameva puruṣamapīto bhavatyevaṃ mana ādyuparame caitanyapratibimbarūpeṇa jīvenā’tmanā manasi praviṣṭā nāmarūpavyākaraṇāya parā devatā sā svamevā’tmānaṃ pratipadyate jīvarūpatāṃ mana ākhyāṃ hitvā | ataḥ suṣupta eva svapnāntaśabdavācya ityavagamyate | yatra tu suptaḥ svapnānpaśyati tatsvāpnaṃ darśanaṃ sukhaduḥkhasaṃyuktamiti puṇyāpuṇyayorhi sukhaduḥkhārambhakatvaṃ prasiddham | puṇyāpuṇyayoścāvidyākāmopaṣṭambhenaiva sukhaduḥkhataddarśanakāryārambhakatvamupapadyate nānyathetyavidyākāmakarmabhiḥ saṃsārahetubhiḥ saṃyukta eva svapna iti na svamapītā bhavati | "ananvāgataṃ puṇyenānanvāgataṃ pāpena tīrṇo hi tadā sarvāñchokānhṛdayasya bhavati" "tadvā asyaitadaticchandā" "eṣa parama ānanda"ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | suṣupta eva svaṃ devatārūpaṃ jīvatvavinirmuktaṃ darśayiṣyāmītyāha | svapnāntaṃ me mama nigadato he somya vijānīhi vispaṣṭamavadhārayetyarthaḥ | kadā svapnānto bhavatītyucyate | yatra yasminkāla etannāma bhavati puruṣasya svapsyataḥ | prasiddhaṃ hi loke svapitīti | gauṇaṃ cedaṃ nāmetyāha | yadā svapitītyucyate puruṣastadā tasminkāle satā sacchabdavācyayā prakṛtayā devatayā saṃpanno bhavati saṃgata ekībhūto bhavati | manasi praviṣṭaṃ mana ādisaṃsargakṛtaṃ jīvarūpaṃ parityajya svaṃ sadrūpaṃ yatparamārthasatyamapīto ’pigato bhavati | atastasmātsvapitītyenamācakṣate lokikāḥ | svamātmānaṃ hi yasmādapīto bhavati | tataścā’yastānāṃ karaṇānāmanekavyāpāranimittaglānānāṃ svavyāpārebhya uparamo bhavati | śruteśca"śrāmyatyeva vākśrāmyati cakṣur" ityevamādi | tathā ca"gṛhītā vāggṛhītaṃ śrotraṃ gṛhītaṃ mana"ityevamādīni karaṇāni prāṇagrastāni | prāṇa eko ’śrānto dehe kulāye yo jāgarti tadā jīvaḥ śramāpanuttaye svaṃ devatārūpamātmānaṃ pratipadyate | nānyatra svarūpāvasthānācchramāpanodaḥ syāditi yuktā prasiddhirlaukikānāṃ svaṃ hyapīto bhavatīti | dṛśyate hi loke jvarādirogagrastānāṃ tadvinirnoke svātmasthānāṃ viśramaṇaṃ tadvadihāpi syāditi yuktam | "tadyathā śyeno vā suparṇo vā viparipatya śrānta"ityādiśruteṣca || 1 ||

sa yathā śakuniḥ sūtreṇa prabaddho diśaṃ diśaṃ patitvānyatrāyatanam alabdhvā bandhanam evopaśrayate |
evam eva khalu somya tan mano diśaṃ diśaṃ patitvānyatrāyatanam alabdhvā prāṇam evopaśrayate |
prāṇabandhanaṃ hi somya mana iti ||

2. 'As a bird when tied by a string flies first in every direction, and finding no rest anywhere, settles down at last on the very place where it is fastened, exactly in the same manner, my son, that mind (the giva, or living Self in the mind, see VI, 3, 2), after flying in every direction, and finding- no rest anywhere, settles down on breath; for indeed, my son, mind is fastened to breath.

tatrāyaṃ dṛṣṭānto yathokter’the-sa yathā śakuniḥ pakṣī śakunighātakasya hastagatena sūtreṇa prabaddhaḥ pāśito diśaṃ diśaṃ bandhanamokṣārthī sanpratiśidiśaṃ patitvānyatra bandhanādāyatanamāśrayaṃ viśramaṇāyālabdhvāprāpya bandhanamevopaśrayate | evameva yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ khalu he sobhya tanmanastatprakṛtaṃ poḍaśakalamannopacitaṃ mano nirdhāritaṃ tatepraviṣṭastatsthastadupalakṣito jīvastanmana iti nirdiśyate mañcākrośanavat | sa mana ākhyopādhirjīvo ’vidyākāmakarmopadiṣṭāṃ diśaṃ diśaṃ sukhaduḥkhādilakṣaṇāṃ jāgratsvapnayoḥ patitvā gatvānubhūyetyarthaḥ | anyatra sadākhyātsvātmana āyatanaṃ viśramaṇasthānamalabdhvā prāṇameva prāṇena sarvakāryakaraṇāśrayeṇopalakṣitā prāṇa ityucyate sadākhyā parā devatā | "prāṇasya prāṇaṃ" "prāṇaśarīro bhārūpa"ityādiśruteḥ | atastāṃ devatāṃ prāṇaṃ prāṇākhyāmevopaśrayate | prāṇo bandhanaṃ yasya manasastatprāṇabandhanaṃ hi yasmātsomya manaḥ prāṇopalakṣitadevatāśrayaṃ mana iti tadupalakṣito jīva iti || 2 ||

aśanāpipāse me somya vijānīhīti |
yatraitat puruṣo ’śiśiṣati nāmāpa eva tad aśitaṃ nayante |
tad yathā gonāyo ’śvanāyaḥ puruṣanāya ity evaṃ tad apa ācakṣate ’śanāyeti |
tatraitac chuṅgam utpatitaṃ somya vijānīhi |
nedam amūlaṃ bhaviṣyatīti ||

3. 'Learn from me, my son, what are hunger and thirst. When a man is thus said to be hungry, water is carrying away (digests) what has been eaten by him. Therefore as they speak of a cow-leader (go-naya), a horse-leader (asva-naya), a man-leader (purusha-naya), so they call water (which digests food and causes hunger) food-leader (asa-naya). Thus (by food digested &c.), my son, know this offshoot (the body) to be brought forth, for this (body) could not be without a root (cause).

evaṃ svapitināmaprasiddhidvāreṇa yajjīvasya satyasvarūpaṃ jagato mūlaṃ tatputrasya darśayitvā’hānnādikāryakāraṇaparamparayāpi jagato mūlaṃ saddidarśayiṣuḥ | aśanāpipāse aśitumicchāśanā yālopena | pātumicchā pipāsā te aśanāpipāse aśanāpipāsayoḥ satatvaṃ vijānīhītyetat | yatra yasminkāla etannāma puruṣo bhavati | kiṃ tat?aśiśiṣatyaśitumicchatīti | tadā tasya puruṣasya kinimittaṃ nāma bhavatītyāha | yattatpuruṣeṇāśitamannaṃ kaṭhinaṃ potā āpo nayante dravīkṛtya rasādibhāvena vipariṇamayante tadā bhuktamannaṃ jīryati | atha ca bhavatyasya nāmāśiśiṣatīti gauṇam | jīrṇe hyanne ’śitumicchati sarvo hi jantuḥ | tat tatra apāmaśitanetṛtvādaśanāyā iti nāma prasiddhamityetasminnarthe | yathā gonāyo gāṃ nayatīti gonāya ityucyate gopālaḥ | tathāśvānnayatītyaśvanāyo ’śvapāla ityucyate | puruṣanāyaḥ puruṣānnayatīti rājā senāpatirvā | evaṃ tattadāpa ācakṣate laukikā aśanāyeti visarjanīyalopena | tatraivaṃ satyadbhī rasādibhāvena nītenāśitenānnena niṣpāditamidaṃ śarīraṃ vaṭakaṇikāyāmiva śuṅgo ’ṅkura utpatita udgatastamimaṃ śuṅgaṃ kāryaṃ śarīrākhyaṃ vaṭādiśuṅgavadutpatitaṃ he sobhya vijānīhi | kiṃ tatra vijñeyamityucyate | śuṇvidaṃ śuṅgavatkāryatvāccharīraṃ nāmūlaṃ mūlarahitaṃ bhaviṣyatītyukta āha śvetaketuḥ || 3 ||

tasya kva mūlaṃ syād anyatrānnāt |
evam eva khalu somyānnena śuṅgenāpo mūlam anviccha |
adbhiḥ somya śuṅgena tejo mūlam anviccha |
tejasā somya śuṅgena sanmūlam anviccha |
sanmūlāḥ somyemāḥ sarvāḥ prajāḥ sadāyatanāḥ satpratiṣṭhāḥ ||

4. 'And where could its root be except in food (earth)? And in the same manner, my son, as food (earth) too is an offshoot, seek after its root, viz. water. And as water too is an offshoot, seek after its root, viz. fire. And as fire too is an offshoot, seek after its root, viz. the True. Yes, all these creatures, my son, have their root in the True, they dwell in the True, they rest in the True.

yadyevaṃ samūlamidaṃ śarīraṃ vaṭādiśuṅgavattasyāsya kva mūlaṃ syādbhavedityevaṃ pṛṣṭa āha pitā | tasya kva mūlaṃ syādanyatrānnādannaṃ mūlamityabhiprāyaḥ | katham | aśitaṃ hyannamadbhirdravīkṛtaṃ jāṭhareṇāgninā pacyamānaṃ rasabhāvena pariṇamate | rasocchoṇitaṃ śoṇitānmāṃsaṃ māṃsānmedo medaso ’sthīnyasthibhyo majjā majjāyāḥ śukram | tathā yoṣidbhuktaṃ cānnaṃ rasādikrameṇaivaṃ pariṇataṃ lohitaṃ bhavati | tābhyāṃ śukraśoṇitābhyāmannakāryābhyāṃ saṃyuktābhyāmannenaiva pratyahaṃ bhujyamānenā’pūryamāṇābhyāṃ kuḍyamiva mṛtpiṇḍaiḥ pratyuhamupacīyamāno ’nnamūlo dehaśuṅgaḥ pariniṣpanna ityarthaḥ | yattu dehaśuṅgo ’nnamūla evameva khalu somyānnena śuhgena kāryabhūtenāpo mūlamannasya śuṅgasyānviccha pratipadyasva | apāmapi vināśotpattimattavācchuṅgatvameveti adbhiḥ sīmya śuṅgena kāryeṇa kāraṇaṃ tejo mūlamanviccha | tejaso ’pi vināśotpattimattavācchuṅgatvamiti tejasā somya śuṅgena sanmūlamekamevādvitīyaṃ paramārthasatyam | yasminsarvamidaṃ vācā’rambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyamanṛtaṃ rajjvāmiva sarpādivikalpajātamadhyastamavidyayā tadasya jagato mūlamataḥ sanmūlāḥ satkāraṇā he somyemāḥ sthāvarajaṅgamalakṣaṇāḥ sarvāḥ prajā na kevalaṃ sanmūlā evedānīmapi sthitikāle sadāyatanāḥ sadāśrayā eva | nahi mṛdamanāśritya ghaṭādeḥ sattvaṃ sthitirvāsti | ato mṛdvatsanmūtvātprajānāṃ sadāyatanaṃ yāsāṃ tāḥ sadāyatanāḥ prajāḥ | ante ca satpratiṣṭhāḥ sadeva pratiṣṭā layaḥ samāptipavasānaṃ pariśeṣo yāsāṃ tāḥ satpratiṣṭhāḥ || 4 ||

atha yatraitat puruṣaḥ pipāsati nāma teja eva tat pītaṃ nayate |
tad yathā gonāyo ’śvanāyaḥ puruṣanāya ity evaṃ tat teja ācaṣṭa udanyeti |
tatraitad eva śuṅgam utpatitaṃ somya vijānīhi |
nedam amūlaṃ bhaviṣyatīti ||

5. 'When a man is thus said to be thirsty, fire carries away what has been drunk by him. Therefore as they speak of a cow-leader (go-naya), of a horse-leader (asva-naya), of a man-leader (purusha-naya), so they call fire udanyi, thirst, i. e. water-leader. Thus (by water digested &c.), my son, know this offshoot (the body) to be brought forth: this (body) could not be without a root (cause).

athedānīmapśuṅgadvāreṇa sato mūlasyānugamaḥ kārya ityāha | yatra yasminkāla etannāma pipāsati pātumicchatīti puruṣo bhavati | aśiśiṣatītivadidamapi gauṇameva nāma bhavati | dravīkṛtasyāśitasyānnasya netrya āpo ’nnaśuṅgaṃ dehaṃ kledayantyaḥ śithilī kuryurabbāhulyādyadi tejasā na śoṣyante | nitarāṃ ca tejasā śoṣyamāṇā svapsu dehabhāvena pariṇamamānāsu pātumicchā puruṣasya jāyate tadā puruṣaḥ pipāsati nāma tadetadāha | teja eva tattadā pītamabādi śoṣayaddehagatalohitaprāṇabhāvena nayate pariṇamayati | tadyathā gonāya ityādi samānamevaṃ tatteja ācaṣṭe loka udanyetyudakaṃ nayatītyudanyam | udanyetīti cchāndasaṃ tatrāpi pūrvavat | apāmapyetadeva śarīrākhyaṃ śuṅgaṃ nānyadityevamādi samānamanyat || 5 ||

tasya kva mūlaṃ syād anyatrādbhyaḥ |
adbhiḥ somya śuṅgena tejo mūlam anviccha |
tejasā somya śuṅgena sanmūlam anviccha |
sanmūlāḥ somyemāḥ sarvāḥ prajāḥ sad āyatanāḥ satpratiṣṭhāḥ |
yathā nu khalu somyemās tisro devatāḥ puruṣaṃ prāpya trivṛt trivṛd ekaikā bhavati tad uktaṃ purastād eva bhavati |
asya somya puruṣasya prayato vāṅ manasi saṃpadyate manaḥ prāṇe prāṇas tejasi tejaḥ parasyāṃ devatāyām ||

6. 'And where could its root be except in water? As water is an offshoot, seek after its root, viz. fire. As fire is an offshoot, seek after its root, viz. the True. Yes, all these creatures, O son, have their root in the True, they dwell in the True, they rest in the True.
'And how these three beings (devata), fire, water, earth, O son, when they reach man, become each of them tripartite, has been said before (VI, 4, 7). When a man departs from hence, his speech is merged in his mind, his mind in his breath, his breath in heat (fire), heat in the Highest Being.

sāmarthyāttejaso ’pyetadeva śarīrākhyaṃ śuṅgam | ato ’pśuṅgena dehenā’po mūlaṃ gamyate | adbhiḥ śuṅgena tejo mūlaṃ gamyate | tejasā śuṅgena sanmūlaṃ gamyate pūrvavat | evaṃ hi tejobannamayasya dehaśuṅgasya vācārambhaṇamātrasyānnādiparamparayā paramārthasatyaṃ sanmūlamabhayasaṃtrāsaṃ nirāyāsaṃ sanmūlamanviccheti putraṃ gamayitvāśiśiṣati pipāsatīti nāmaprasiddhidvāreṇa yadanyadihāsminprakaraṇe tejobannānāṃ puruṣeṇopabhujyamānānāṃ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātasya dehaśuṅgasya svajātyasāṃkaryeṇopacayakaratvaṃ vaktavyaṃ prāptaṃ tadihoktameva draṣṭavyamiti pūrvoktaṃ vyapadiśati | yathā nu khalu yena prakāreṇemāstejobannākhyāstisro devatāḥ puruṣaṃ prāpya trivṛttrivṛdekaikā bhavati taduktaṃ purastādeva bhavatyannamaśitaṃ tredhā vidhīyata ityādi | tatraivoktamannādīnāmasitānāṃ ye mavyamā dhātavaste sāptadhātukaṃ śarīramupacinvantītyuktam | "māṃsaṃ bhavati lohitaṃ bhavati majjā bhavatyasthi bhavati ye tvaṇiṣṭhā dhātavo manaḥ prāṇaṃ vācaṃ dehasyāntaḥkaraṇasaṃghātamupacinvantī"ti coktaṃ"tanmano bhavati sa prāṇo bhavati sā vāgbhavatī"ti | so ’yaṃ prāṇakaraṇasaṃghāto dehe viśīrṇe dehāntaraṃ jīvādhiṣṭhito yena krameṇa pūrvadehātpracyuto gacchati tadāhāsya he somya puruṣasya prayato mriyamāṇasya vāṅmanasi saṃpadyate manasyupasaṃhriyate | atha tadā’hurjñātayo na vadatīti | manaḥpūrvako hi vāgvyāpāraḥ | "yadvai manasā dhyāyati tadvācā vadati"iti śruteḥ | vācyupasaṃhṛtāyāṃ manasi mano mananavyāpāreṇa kevalena vartate | mano ’pi yadopasaṃhriyate tadā manaḥ prāṇe saṃpannaṃ bhavati suṣuptakāla iva tadā pārśvasthā jñātayo na vijānātītyāhuḥ | prāṇaśca tadordhvocchvāsī svātmanyupasaṃhṛtabāhyakaraṇaḥ saṃvargavidyāyāṃ darśanāddhastapādādīnvikṣipanmarmasthānāni nikṛntannana ivotsṛjan krameṇopasaṃhṛtastejasi sampadyate | tadā’hurjñātayo na calatīti mṛto neti vā vicikitsanto dehamālabhamānā uṣṇaṃ copalabhamānā deha uṣṇo jīvatīti yadā tadapyauṣṇyaliṅgaṃ teja upasaṃhriyate tadā tattejaḥ parasyāṃ devatāyāṃ praśāmyati | tadevaṅkrameṇopasaṃhṛte svamūlaṃ prāpte ca manasi tatstho jīvo ’pi suṣuptakālavannimittopasaṃhārādupasaṃhriyamāṇaḥ sansatyābhisaṃdhipūrvakaṃ cedupasaṃhriyate sadeva saṃpadyate na punardehāntarāya suṣuptādivottiṣṭhati | yathā loke sabhaye deśe vartamānaḥ kathañcidivābhayaṃ deśaṃ prāptastadvat | itarastvanātmajñastasmādeva mūlātsuṣuptādivotthāya mṛtvā punardehajālamāviśati || 6 ||

sa ya eṣo ’ṇimaitad ātmyam idaṃ sarvam |
tat satyam |
sa ātmā |
tat tvam asi śvetaketo iti |
bhūya eva mā bhagavān vijñāpayatv iti |
tathā somyeti hovāca ||

7. 'Now that which is that subtile essence (the root of all), in it all that exists has its self. It is the True. It is the Self, and thou, O Svetaketu, art it.' 'Please, Sir, inform me still more,' said the son.
Be it so, my child,' the father replied.

yasmānmūlādutthāya dehamāviśati jīvaḥ sa yaḥ sadākhya eṣa ukto ’ṇimāṇubhāvo jagato mūlamaitadātmyametatsadātmā yasya sarvasya tadetadātma tasya bhāva aitadātmyam | etena sadākhyenā’tmanā’tmavatsarvamidaṃ jagat | nānyo ’styasyā’tmā saṃsārī | "nānyadato ’ti śrotṛ"ityādiśrutyantarāt | yena cā’tmanā’tmavatsarvamidaṃ jagattadeva sadākhyaṃ kāraṇaṃ satyaṃ paramārthasat | ataḥ sa evā’tmā jagataḥ pratyaksvarūpaṃ satattvaṃ yāthātmyam | ātmaśabdasya nirupapadasya pratyagātmani gavādiśabdavannirūḍhatvāt | atastatsattvamasīti he śvetaketo ityevaṃ pratyāyitaḥ putra āha-bhūya eva mā bhagavānvijñāpayatu yadbhavaduktaṃ tatsandigdhaṃ mamāhanyahani sarvāḥ prajāḥ suṣupte satsaṃpadyanta ityetadyena tatsaṃpadya na viduḥ satsampannā vayamiti | ato dṛṣṭontena māṃ pratyāyayatvityarthaḥ | evamuktastathāstu somyeti hovāca pitā || 7 || iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi ṣaṣṭhādhyāyasyāṣṭamaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

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