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Chāndogyopaniṣat
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 1
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sad eva somyedam agra āsīd ekam evādvitīyam |
tad dhaika āhur asad evedam agra āsīd ekam evādvitīyam |
tasmād asataḥ saj jāyata || 
. 
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1. SECOND KHANDA
'In the beginning,' my dear, 'there was that only which is, one only, without a second. Others say, in the beginning there was that only which is not, one only, without a second; and from that which is not, that which is was born. 
sadeva sadityastitāmātraṃ vastu sūkṣmaṃ nirviśeṣaṃ sarvagatamekaṃ nirañjanaṃ niravayavaṃ vijñānaṃ yadavagamyate sarvavedāntebhyaḥ | evaśabdo ’vadhāraṇārthaḥ | kiṃ tadavadhriyata ityāha | idaṃ jagannāmarūpakriyāvadvikṛtamupalabhyate yattatsadevā’sīdityāsīcchabdena sambadhyate | kadā sadevedamāsīdityucte | agre jagataḥ prāgutpatteḥ | kiṃ nedānīmidaṃ yadyenāgra āsīditi viśeṣyate | na, kathaṃ tarhi viśeṣaṇam | idānīmapīdaṃ sadeva kintu nāmarūpaviśeṣaṇavadidaṃśabdabuddhiviṣayaṃ cetīdaṃ ca bhavati | prāgutpattestvagre kevalasacchabdabuddhimātragamyameveti sadevedamagra āsīdityavadhāryate | na hi prāgutpatternāmavadrūpavadvedamiti grahītuṃ śakyaṃ vastu suṣuptakāla iva | yathā suṣuptādutthitaḥ sattvamātramavagacchati suṣupte sanmātrameva kevalaṃ vastviti tathā prāgutpatterityabhiprāyaḥ | yathedamucyate loke pūrvāhne ghaṭādi sisṛkṣuṇā kulālena mṛtpiṇḍaṃ prasāritamupalabhya grāmāntaraṃ gatvā pratyāgato ’parāhne tatraiva ghaṭaśarāvādyanekabhedabhinnaṃ kāryamupalabhya mṛdevedaṃ ghaṭaśarāvādi kevalaṃ pūrvāhne āsīditi tathehāpyucyate sadevedamagra āsīditi | ekameveti | svakāryapatitamanyannāstītyekamevetyucyate | advitīyamiti | mṛdvyatirekeṇa mṛdo yathānyadghaṭādyākāreṇa pariṇamayitṛkulālādinimittakāraṇaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ tathā sadvyatirekeṇa sataḥ sahakārikāraṇaṃ dvitīyaṃ vastvantaraṃ prāptaṃ pratiṣidhyate ’dvitīyamiti | nāsya dvitīyaṃ vastvantaraṃ vidyata ityadvitīyam | nanu veśeṣikapakṣe ’pi satsāmānādhikaramyaṃ sarvasyopapadyate | dravyaguṇādiṣu sacchabdabuddhyanuvṛtteḥ | saddravyaṃ sanguṇaḥ satkarmetyādidarśanāt | satyamevaṃ syādidānīṃ prāgutpattestu naivedaṃ kāryaṃ sadevā’sīdityabhyupagamyate vaiśeṣikaiḥ prāgutpatteḥ kāryasyāsattvābhyupagamāt | na caikameva sadadvitīyaṃ pragutpattericchanti | tasmādvaiśeṣikaparikalpitātsato ’nyatkāraṇamidaṃ saducyate mṛdādidṛṣṭāntebhyaḥ | tattatra haitasminprāgutpattervastunirūpaṇa eke vaināśikā āhurvastu nirūpayanto ’satsadabhāvamātraṃ prāgutpatteridaṃ jagadekamevāgre ’dvitīyamāsīditi | sadabhāvamātraṃ hi prāgutpattestattvaṃ kalpayanti bauddhāḥ | na tu satpratidvandvi vastvantaramicchanti | yathā saccāsaditi gṛhyamāmaṃ yathābhūtaṃ tadviparītaṃ tattvaṃ bhavatīti naiyāyikāḥ | nanu sadabhāvamātraṃ prāgutpatteścedabhipretaṃ vaināśikaiḥ kathaṃ prāgutpatteridamāsīdasadekamevādvitīyaṃ ceti kālasambandhaḥ saṃkhyāsambandho ’dvitīyatvaṃ cocyate taiḥ | bāḍhaṃ na yuktaṃ teṣāṃ bhāvābhāvamātramabhyupagacchatām | asattavamātrābhyupagamo ’pyayukta evābhyupaganturanabhyupagamānupapatteḥ | idānīmabhyupagantābhyupagamyate na prāgutpatteriti cet | na | prāgutpatteḥ sadabhāvasya pramāṇābhāvāt prāgutpatterasadevetikalpanānupapattiḥ | nanu kathaṃ vastvākṛteḥ śabdārthatve ’sadekamevādvitīyamitipadārthavākyārthopapatt iḥ?tadanupapattau cedaṃ vākyamapramāṇaṃ prasajyeteti ceti | naiṣa doṣaḥ | sadgrahaṇanivṛttiparatvādvākyasya | sadityayaṃ tāvacchabdaḥ sadākṛtivācakaḥ | ekamevādvitīyamityetau ca sacchabdena samānādhikaraṇau | tathedamāsīditi ca | tatra nañ sadvākye prayuktaḥ sadvākyamevāvalambya sadvākyārthaviṣayāṃ buddhiṃ sadekamevādvitīyamidamāsīdityevaṃlakṣaṇāṃ tataḥ sadvākyārthānnivartayatyaśvārūḍha ivāśvālambano ’śvaṃ tadabhimukhaviṣayānnivartayati tadvat | na tu punaḥ sadabhāvamevābhidhatteḥ | ataḥ puruṣasya viparītagrahaṇanivṛttyarthaparamidamasadevetyādi vākyaṃ prayujyate | darśayitvā hi viparītagrahaṇaṃ tato nivartayituṃ śakyata ityarthavattvādasadādivākyasya śrautatvaṃ prāmāṇyaṃ ca siddhamityadoṣaḥ | tasmādasataḥ sarvābhāvarūpātsadvidyamānamajāyata samutpannam | aḍabhāvaśchāndasaḥ || 1 || 
kutas tu khalu somyaivaṃ syād iti hovāca |
katham asataḥ saj jāyeta |
sat tv eva somyedam agra āsīd ekam evādvitīyam || 
. 
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2. 'But how could it be thus, my dear?' the father continued. 'How could that which is, be born of that which is not? No, my dear, only that which is, was in the beginning, one only, without a second. 
tadetadviparītagrahaṇaṃ mahāvaināśikapakṣaṃ darśayitvā pratiṣedhati-kutastu pramāṇātkhalu he somyaivaṃ syādasataḥ sajjāyatetyevaṃ kuto bhavenna kutaścitpramāṇādevaṃ sambhavatītyarthaḥ | yadapi bījopamarde ’ṅkuro jāyamāno dṛṣṭo ’bhāvadeveti tadapyabhyupagamaviruddhaṃ teṣām | katham | ye tāvadbījāvayavā bījasaṃsthānaviśiṣṭāste ’ṅkure ’pyanuvartanta eva na teṣāmupamarde ’ṅkurajanmani | yatpunarbījākārasaṃsthānaṃ tadbījāvayavavyatirekeṇa vastubhūtaṃ na vaināśikairabhyupagamyate yadaṅkurajanmanyupamṛdyeta | atha tadastyavayavavyatiriktaṃ vastubhūtaṃ tathā ca satyabhyupagamavirodhaḥ | atha saṃvṛtyābhyupagataṃ bījasaṃsthānarūpamupamṛdyata iti cet | keyaṃ saṃvṛtirnāma kimasāvabhāva uta bhāva?iti | yadyabhāvo dṛṣṭāntābhāvaḥ | atha bhāvastathāpi nābhāvādaṅkurotpattirbījāvayavebhyo hyaṅkurotpattiḥ | avayavā apyupamṛdyanta iti cet | na | tadavayaveṣu tulyatvāt | yathā vaināśikānāṃ bījasaṃsthānarūpo ’vayavī nāsti tathāvayavā apīti teṣāmapyupamardānupapattiḥ | bījāvayavānāmapi sūkṣmāvayavāstadavayavānāmapyanye sūkṣmatarāvayavā ityevaṃ prasaṅgasyānivṛtteḥ sarvatropamardānupapattiḥ | sadbuddhyanuvṛtteḥ sattvānivṛttiśceti sadvādināṃ sata eva sadutpattiḥ setsyati | na tvasadvādināṃ dṛṣṭānto ’styasataḥ sadutpatteḥ | mṛtpiṇḍādghaṭotpattirdṛśyate sadvādināṃ tadbhāve bhāvāttadabhāve cābhāvāt | yadyabhāvādeva ghaṭa utpadyeta ghaṭārthinā mṛtpiṇḍo nopādīyeta | abhāvaśabdabuddhyanuvṛttiśca ghaṭādau prasajyeta | na tvetadastyato nāsataḥ sadutpattiḥ | yadapyāhurmṛdbuddhirghaṭabuddhernimittamiti mṛdbuddhirghaṭabuddheḥ kāraṇamucyate na tu paramārthata eva mṛdghaṭo vāstīti tadapi mṛdbuddhirvidyamānā vidyamānāyā eva ghaṭabuddheḥ kāraṇamiti nāsataḥ sadutpattiḥ | mṛdghaṭabuddhyornimittanaimittikatayā’nantaryamātraṃ na tu kāryakāraṇatvamiti cet | na | buddhīnāṃ nairantarye gamyamāne vaināśikānāṃ bahirdṛṣṭāntābhāvāt | ataḥ kutastu khalu somyaivaṃ syāditi hovāca kathaṃ kena prakāreṇāsataḥ sajjāyeteti | asataḥ sadutpattau na kaścidapi dṛṣṭāntaprakāro ’stītyabhiprāyaḥ | evamasadvādipakṣamunmadhyopasaṃharati sattveva somyedamagra āsīditi svapakṣasiddhim | nanu sadvādino ’pi sataḥ sadutpadyata iti naiva dṛṣṭānto ’sti | ghaṭādghaṭāntarotpattyadarśanāt | satyamevaṃ na sataḥ sadantaramutpadyate kiṃ tarhi sadeva saṃsthānāntareṇāvatiṣṭhate | yathā sarpaḥ kuṇḍalī bhavati | yathā ca mṛccūrṇapiṇḍaghaṭakapālādiprabhedaiḥ | yadyevaṃ sadeva sarvaprakāravasthaṃ kataṃ prāgutpatteridamāsīditi | ucyate | nanu na śrutaṃ tvayā sadevetyava dhāraṇamidaṃśabdavācyasya kāryasya | prāptaṃ tarhi prāgutpatterasadevā’sīnnedaṃśabdavācyamidānīmidaṃ jātamiti | na | sata evedaṃśabdabuddhiviṣayatayāvasthānādyathā mṛdeva piṇḍaghaṭādiśabdabuddhiviṣayatvenāvatiṣṭhate tadvat | nanu yathā mṛdvastvevaṃ piṇḍaghaṭādyapi tadvatsadbuddheranyabuddhiviṣayatvātkāryasya sato ’nyadvastvantaraṃ syātkāryajātaṃ yathāśvādgauḥ | na | piṇḍaghaṭādīnāmitaretaravyabhicāre ’pi mṛttvāvyabhicārāt | yadyapi ghaṭaḥ piṇḍaṃ vyabhicarati piṇḍaśca ghaṭaṃ tathāpi mṛttavaṃ na vyabhicaratastasmānmṛnmātraṃ piṇḍaghaṭau | (vyabhicarati tvaśvaṃ gauraśvo vā gām) | tasmānmṛdādisaṃsthānamātraṃ ghaṭādayaḥ | evaṃ satsaṃsthānamātramidaṃ sarvamiti yuktaṃ prāgutpatteḥ | sadeveti | vācārambhaṇamātratvādvikārasaṃsthānamātrasya | nanu niravayavaṃ sat"niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntaṃ niravadyaṃ nirañjanaṃ" "divyo hyamūrtaḥ puruṣaḥ sabāhyābhyantaro hyaja"ityādiśrutibhyo niravayavasya sataḥ kathaṃ vikārasaṃsthānamupapadyate | naiṣa doṣaḥ | rajjvādyavayavebhyaḥ sarpādisaṃsthānavadbuddhipārikalpitebhyaḥ sadavayavebyo vikārasaṃsthānopapatteḥ | vācā’rambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ mṛttiketyeva satyamevaṃ sadeva satyamiti śruteḥ | ekamevādvitīyaṃ paramārthata idaṃbuddhikāle ’pi || 2 || 
tad aikṣata |
bahu syāṃ prajāyeyeti |
tat tejo ’sṛjata |
tat teja aikṣata |
bahu syāṃ prajāyeyeti |
tad apo ’sṛjata |
tasmād yatra kva ca śocati svedate vā puruṣas tejasa eva tad adhy āpo jāyante || 
. 
. 
3. 'It thought, may I be many, may I grow forth. It sent forth fire.
'That fire thought, may I be many, may I grow forth. It sent forth water.
'And therefore whenever anybody anywhere is hot and perspires, water is produced on him from fire alone. 
tatsadaikṣatekṣāṃ darśanaṃ kṛtavat | ataśca na pradhānaṃ sāṃkhyaparikalpitaṃ jagatkāraṇam | pradhānasyācetanatvābhyupadamāt | idaṃ tu saccetanamīkṣitṛtvāt | tatkathamaikṣatetyāha-bahu prabhūtaṃ syāṃ bhaveyaṃ prajāyeta prakarṣeṇotpadyeya | yathā mṛdghaṭādyākareṇa yathā vā rajjavādi sarpādyākāreṇa buddhiparikalpitena | asadeva tarhi sarvaṃ yadgṛhyate rajjuriva sarpādyākāreṇa buddhiparikalpitena | asadeva tarhi sarvaṃ yadgṛhyate rajjuriva sarpādyākareṇa | na | sata eva dvaitabhedenānyathāgṛhyamāṇatvānnāsattvaṃ kasyacitkvaciditi brūmaḥ | yathā sato ’nyadvastvantaraṃ parikalpya punastasyaiva prāgutpatteḥ pradhvaṃsāccordhvamasattvaṃ bruvate tārkikā na tathāsmābhiḥ kadācitkvacidipi sato ’nyadabhidhānamabhidheyaṃ vā vastu parikalpyate | sadeva tu sarvamabhidhānamabhidhīyate ca yadanyabuddhyā | tathā rajjureva sarpabuddhyā sarpa ityabhidhīyate yathā vā piṇḍaghaṭādi mṛdo ’nyabuddhyā piṇḍaghaṭādiśabdenābhidhīyate loke | rajjuvivekadarśināṃ tu sarpābhidhānabuddhī nivartete yathā ca mṛdvivekadarśināṃ ghaṭādiśabdabuddhī tadvatsadvivekadarśināmanyavikāraśabdabuddhī nivartete | "yato vāco nivartante | aprāpya manasā sahe"ti"anirukte ’nilayana"ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | evamīkṣitvā tattejo ’sṛjata tejaḥ sṛṣṭavat | nanu tasmādvā etasmādātmana ākāśaḥ saṃbhūta iti śrutyantara ākāśādvāyustatastṛtīyaṃ tejaḥ śrutamiha tu katha prāthamyena tasmādeva tejaḥ sṛjyate tata eva cā’kāśamiti viruddham | naiṣa doṣaḥ | ākāśavāyusargānantaraṃ tatsattejo ’sṛjatetikalpanopapatteḥ | atha vāvivakṣita iha sṛṣṭikramaḥ satkāryamidaṃ sarvamataḥ sadekamevādvitīyamityetadvivakṣitam | mṛdādidṛṣṭāntāt | athavā trivṛtkaraṇasya vivakṣitatvāttejobannānāmeva sṛṣṭimācaṣṭe | teja iti prasiddhaṃ loke dagdhṛ paktṛ prakāśakaṃ rohitaṃ ceti | tatsatsṛṣṭaṃ teja aikṣata tejorūpasaṃsthitaṃ sadaikṣatetyarthaḥ | bahu syāṃ prajāyeyeti pūrvavat | tadapo ’sṛjata | āpo dravāḥ snigdhāḥ syandinyaḥ śuklāśceti prasiddhā loke | yasmāttejasaḥ kāryabhūtā āpastasmādyatra kvaca deśe kāle vā śocati santapyate svedate prasvidyate vā puruṣastejasa eva tattadā’po ’dhijāyante || 3 || 
tā āpa aikṣanta bahvayaḥ syāma prajāyemahīti tā annamasṛjanta tasmādyatra kva ca varṣati tadeva bhūyiṣṭhamannaṃ bhavatyadbhya eva tadadhyannādyaṃ jāyate || 
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4. 'Water thought, may I be many, may I grow forth. It sent forth earth (food).
'Therefore whenever it rains anywhere, most food is then produced. From water alone is eatable food produced. 
tā āpa aikṣanta pūrvavadevābākārasaṃsthitaṃ sadaikṣatetyarthaḥ | bahvayaḥ prabhūtāḥ syāma bhavema prajāyemahi utpadyemahoti | tā annamasṛjanta pṛthivīlakṣaṇam | pārthivaṃ hyannaṃ yasmādapkāryamannaṃ tasmādyatra kva ca varṣati deśe tattatraiva bhūyiṣṭhaṃ prabūtamannaṃ bhavati | ato ’dbhya eva tadannādyamadhijāyate | tā annamasṛjanteti pṛthivyuktā pūrvamiha tu dṛṣṭānte ’nnaṃ ca tadādyaṃ ceti viśeṣaṇādvrīhiyavādyā ucyante | annaṃ ca guru sthiraṃ dhāraṇaṃ kṛṣṇaṃ ca rūpataḥ prasiddham | nanu tejaḥ prabhṛtiṣvīkṣaṇaṃ na gamyate hiṃsādipratiṣedhābhāvāttrāsādikāryānupalambhācca tatra kathaṃ tatteja aikṣatetyādi | neṣa doṣaḥ | īkṣitṛkāraṇapariṇāmatvāttejaḥ prabhṛtīnāṃ sata ivekṣiturniyatakramaviśiṣṭakāryotpādakatvāt tejaḥ prabhṛtīkṣata ivekṣata ityucyate bhūtam | nanu sato ’pyupacaritamevekṣitṛtvam | na | sadīkṣaṇasya kevalaśabdagamyatvānna śakyamupacaritaṃ kalpayitum | tejaḥ prabhṛtīnāṃ tvanumīyate mukhyekṣaṇābhāva iti yuktamupacaritaṃ kalpayitum | nanu sato ’pi mṛdvatkāraṇatvādacetanatvaṃ śakyamanumātum | ataḥ pradhānasyaivācetanasya sataścetanārthatvānniyatakālakramaviśiṣṭakāryotpādakatvāccaikṣatevaikṣateti śakyamanumātumupacaritamevekṣaṇam | dṛṣṭaśca loke ’cetane cetanavadupacāraḥ | yathā kūlaṃ pipatiṣatīti tadvatsato ’pi syāt | na | tatsatyaṃ sa ātmeti tasminnātmopadeśāt | ātmopadeśo ’pyupacarita iti cedyathā mamā’tmā bhadrasena iti ātmanaḥ sarvārthakāriṇyanātmanyātmopacārastadvat | na | sadasmīti satsatyābhisandhasya"tasya tāvadeva ciram" iti mokṣopadeśāt | so ’pyupacāra iti cet | pradhānātmābhisandhasya mokṣasāmīpyaṃ vartata iti mokṣopadeśo ’pyupacarita eva | yathā loke grāmaṃ gantuṃ prasthitaḥ prāptavānahaṃ grāmamiti brūyāt tvarāpekṣayā tadvat | na | yena vijñātenāvijñātaṃ vijñātaṃ bhavatītyupakramāt | satyetasminvijñāte sarvaṃ vijñātaṃ bhavati tadananyatvātsarvasyādvitīyavacanācca | na cānyadvijñātavyamavaśiṣṭaṃ śrāvitaṃ śrutyānumeyaṃ vā liṅgato ’sti yena mokṣopadeśa upacaritaḥ syāt | sarvasya ca prapāṭhakārthasyopacaritatvaparikalpanāyāṃ vṛthā śramaḥ parikalpayituḥ syātpuruṣārthasādhanavijñānasya tarkeṇaivādhigatatvāttasya | tasmādvedaprāmāṇyānna śrutārthaparityāgaḥ | ataścetanāvatkāraṇaṃ jagata iti siddham || 4 || iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi ṣaṣṭhādhyāyasya dvitīyaḥ khaṇḍaḥ 
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