▪ BRD_1 bard ‘cold’, barad ‘hail’: from Sem *BRD‘to be cold’, *barad- ‘hail.’ ▪ BRD_2 burd ‘garment’: perh. from Phlv pardag ‘curtain, veil’, from Ir partaka ‘piece of fabric, curtain’, from IE pelə ‘flat, extended’, or (Dozy) related to ↗bardī ~ burdī ‘papyrus’ (bot.) and ↗burdaẗ ‘long wollen gown made of wool’, cf. purdah. ▪ BRD_3 barada ‘to file (a piece of metal, etc.)’: … ▪ BRD_4 barūd ‘collyrium’: … ▪ BRD_5 barīd ‘post, mail’: traditionally regarded as a lw. from Pers, or Phlv, or (< ByzGrk) < lLat; but see discussion ↗s.v. ▪ BRD_6 bardī ‘papyrus’: … ▪ BRD_7 bārūd ‘saltpeter; gunpodwer’: prob. from nGrk purítida ‘id.’ ▪ BRD_ ‘…’ ↗…
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▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BRD-1 Mand barda ‘froid’; Ar baruda ‘être froid, frais; être en bon état’; ṮamAr brd ‘adoucir une douleur’; SAr brd ‘froid’; Gz ʔabrada ‘refroidir’; Te bärd̈a, bärdädä, Amh bärrädä ‘devenir froid’. – Hbr bārād, oAram brd, JP Syr bardā, nSyr berda, Ar barad, SAr brd, Gz barad, Te Tña bäräd, Amh bärädo ‘grêle’. -2 Hbr *bārōd ‘tacheté’; Syr bārdā ‘foncé, couleur olive (vêtement)’; nSyr birdā ‘tacheté’; Ar burd : étoffe rayée ou à ramages; YemAr ʔabrad ‘bigarré’. -3 Ar barada ‘limer’; Śḥr eñberéd ‘lime’; Tña bärädä ‘limer’. -4 Ug brd ‘couper’?, ‘offrir’?. -5 Syr bʔrwd ‘nitre’, nSyr bārūd, bārūt ‘poudre à fusil, salpêtre’; Ar bārūd ‘salpêtre, nitre’; collAr ‘poudre à fusil’; Soq barūd, Mhr bārûd ‘poudre à fusil’. -6 Aram bʔrwdʔ, byrydʔ ‘cheval de poste’; Ar barīd ‘cheval ou chameau de poste, courrier’; SAr brdn ‘émissaire, ambassadeur’. -7 Te bärräǧä ‘danser la danse de guerre’; Har (tä)brāǧä ‘être secoué par des mouvements nerveux’; ?Amh täbräǧärräǧä ‘avoir le vertige pour avoir bu’. -8 Ar burdiyy : espèce de dattes (du Hedjaz). -9bardiyy : sorte de roseau; (ʔa)bardī ‘touffe de papyrus’, waraq al-bardī ‘papier de papyrus’ -10 Amh boräǧ ‘jaunir (p.e. poivron)’. ▪ …
▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BRD-1 Mand barda ‘froid’; Ar baruda ‘être froid, frais; être en bon état’; ṮamAr brd ‘adoucir une douleur’; SAr brd ‘froid’; Gz ʔabrada ‘refroidir’; Te bärd̈a, bärdädä, Amh bärrädä ‘devenir froid’. – Hbr bārād, oAram brd, JP Syr bardā, nSyr berda, Ar barad, SAr brd, Gz barad, Te Tña bäräd, Amh bärädo ‘grêle’. -2-10 […]. ▪ …
▪ vn. I or the etymon proper? ▪ …
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►baradau, 1 to be or become cold; 2 to cool, cool off (also fig.); 3 to feel cold; 4 to cool, chill (s.th.); 5 to soothe, alleviate (pain): G-stem, denom. (?) ►barudau, to be or become cold: G-stem, denom.(?) ►barrada, vb. II, 1a to make cold (s.th.); b to refrigerate (s.th.); c to cool, chill (s.th., also fig.); 2 to soothe, alleviate (pain): D-stem ►tabarrada, vb. V, 1 to refresh o.s., cool o.s. off; 2 to be soothed, be alleviated: tD-stem, intr., self-ref. ►ĭbtarada, vb. VIII, 1 to become cold, cool off: Gt-stem, self-ref. ►barad, n., hail ►baradaẗ, n.f., hailstone: n.un. of ↗barad ►burūd, n., 1 coldness, coolness, chilliness; 2 emotional coldness, frigidity: vn. I of baruda ►burūdaẗ, n.f., 1 coldness, coolness, chilliness; 2 emotional coldness, frigidity: vn. I of baruda | ~ al-dam, n.f., cold-bloodedness ►bardiyyaẗ, n.f., ague, feverish chill ►buradāʔᵘ, n., ague, feverish chill ►barrād, n., 1 cold-storage plant; 2 refrigerator, icebox: ints.formation, quasi-n.instr. ►tabrīd, n., 1 cooling, chilling; 2 cold storage, refrigeration; 3 alleviation, mitigation: vn. II | ǧahāz al-~, n., cold storage plant, refrigerator; ġurfaẗ al-~, n., cold-storage room ►BP#1380bārid, adj., 1 cold; 2 cool, chilly; 3 easy; 4 weak; stupid, inane, silly, dull; 5 dunce, blockhead: PA I | al-ḥarb al-~, n., the cold war; ġanīmaẗ ~, n.f., an easy prey; ʕaiš~, n., an easy life; ḥuǧǧaẗ ~, n.f., a weak argument; tibġ ~, n., light, mild tobacco ►mubarrid, n., 1 cooling, refreshing; 2 pl. -āt, refreshments (beverages, etc.): PA II ►mubarrad, adj., cooled, chilled: PP II For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗bārūd (s.r. √BāRūD), ↗barad, ↗burd, ↗barada, ↗barūd, ↗barīd, and ↗bardī, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√BRD.
See ↗bard. For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗bārūd (s.r. √BāRūD), ↗burd, ↗barada, ↗barūd, ↗barīd, and ↗bardī, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√BRD.
▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BRD-1 […]. -2 Hbr *bārōd ‘tacheté’; Syr bārdā ‘foncé, couleur olive (vêtement)’; nSyr birdā ‘tacheté’; Ar burd : étoffe rayée ou à ramages; YemAr ʔabrad ‘bigarré’. -3-10 […]. ▪ …
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►burdaẗ, n.f., Mohammed’s outer garment ►burdāyaẗ, n.f., curtain, drape For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗bārūd (s.r. √BāRūD), ↗bard, ↗barad, ↗barada, ↗barūd, ↗barīd, and ↗bardī, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√BRD.
▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BRD-1-2 […]. -3 Ar barada ‘limer’; Śḥr eñberéd ‘lime’; Tña bärädä ‘limer’. -4-10 […]. ▪ …
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►barrād, n., fitter (of machinery): ints.formation, quasi-n.instr. ►birādaẗ, n.f., fitter’s trade or work ►buradaẗ, n.f., iron filings ►mibrad, pl. mabāridᵘ, n., file, rasp: n.instr. For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗bārūd (s.r. √BāRūD), ↗bard, ↗barad, ↗burd, ↗barūd, ↗barīd, and ↗bardī, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√BRD.
For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗bārūd (s.r. √BāRūD), ↗bard, ↗barad, ↗burd, ↗barada, ↗barīd, and ↗bardī, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√BRD.
▪ According to EALL (Shahîd, “Latin Loanwords”), the word is one of the loans from Latin that owe their existence to the "strong Roman military and administrative presence in the region". ▪ But see below, section DISC. ▪ …
▪ …
▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BRD-1-5 […]. -6 Aram bʔrwdʔ, byrydʔ ‘cheval de poste’; Ar barīd ‘cheval ou chameau de poste, courrier’; SAr brdn ‘émissaire, ambassadeur’. -7-10 […]. ▪ …
▪ EALL (Shahîd, “Latin Loanwords”): from Lat veredus ‘thill horse’; from this, the meaning developed, in Ar, into ‘post horse; courier; stage’ and today's ‘mail’. ▪ Cf., however, Rolland2014a/2022: For Kazimirski, the word is Pers.1
But its origin is still being discussed.2
Traditionally, it was regarded to go back to Pers burīdah dum ‘with shortened tail’,3
a term used for postal mules and, by extension, messengers and the postal system. But this etymology is prob. more popular than learned. Some, quoted by Nourai,4
would derive the term from Phlv burtan ‘emporter’, related to Av bar ‘porter, monter à cheval’, IE *bʰer ‘porter’. For Rajki, it is via ByzGrk ϐέρεδος béredos from lLat veredus ‘postal horse’, accord. to Ernout and Meillet borrowed from gaulois, IE *reidʰ- ‘to ride’. It may be the other way round, however. The existence of names for equids coined from √BRD/PRD in several Sem languages (Hbr pirdah ‘mule’, Akk perdum ‘[still unidentified equid]’5
), associated with oPers pirradaziš ‘service (de transport) rapide’ in the Persepolis tablets points, if not to a Sem but at least to a Mesopotamian origin of both, barīd and Lat veredus. But there remain many missing links that would bridge the huge gap in time and space separating the Mesopotamian and the Ar and Lat words. ▪ …
►al-barīd al-ǧawwī, n., air mail ►ʔabrada, vb. IV to send by mail, to mail (a letter) ►barīdī, 1 adj., postal; 2 n., a messenger, courier; b mailman For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗bārūd (s.r. √BāRūD), ↗bard, ↗barad, ↗burd, ↗barada, ↗barūd, and ↗bardī, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√BRD.
▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BRD-1-8 […]. -9bardiyy : sorte de roseau; (ʔa)bardī ‘touffe de papyrus’, waraq al-bardī ‘papier de papyrus’. -10 […]. ▪ …
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►bardiyyaẗ, pl. -āt, n.f., papyrus | ʕilm al-~, n., papyrology For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗bārūd (s.r. √BāRūD), ↗bard, ↗barad, ↗burd, ↗barada, ↗barūd, and ↗barīd, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√BRD.
For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗bard, ↗barad, ↗burd, ↗barada, ↗barūd, ↗barīd, and ↗bardī, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√BRD.
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